CN108798503B - Screw Type Percussion Drilling Tools - Google Patents
Screw Type Percussion Drilling Tools Download PDFInfo
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- CN108798503B CN108798503B CN201810859204.9A CN201810859204A CN108798503B CN 108798503 B CN108798503 B CN 108798503B CN 201810859204 A CN201810859204 A CN 201810859204A CN 108798503 B CN108798503 B CN 108798503B
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- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 238000009527 percussion Methods 0.000 title claims description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 244000309464 bull Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003209 petroleum derivative Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036346 tooth eruption Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B6/00—Drives for drilling with combined rotary and percussive action
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
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- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种用于石油天然气页岩气钻井、矿山开采、地质钻井等领域中的螺杆式周向冲击钻井工具。The invention relates to a screw type circumferential percussion drilling tool used in the fields of petroleum and natural gas shale gas drilling, mining, geological drilling and the like.
背景技术Background technique
近年来,随着国家对石油天然气需求日益增加,同时对于页岩气的开采也是当今热点,也是一个挑战。因为在钻井过程中,常会因为司钻技术、经验问题以至于送钻不及时或送钻过快,或是因为井壁摩阻问题,造成施加给钻头的钻压不稳定,影响破岩效率,甚至有可能因为钻压突然增大而损坏钻头、崩裂钻头的切削齿等,影响钻进速度。另一方面PDC钻头在钻硬或研磨性地层时,通常没有足够的扭矩来破碎岩石,从而产生卡钻的现象,井下钻杆扭力释放导致钻头失效。油田深部地层岩石坚硬、研磨极值高,应用常规牙轮钻头钻进,单只钻头进尺少,需要多次起下钻且机械钻速较低;应用螺杆进行复合钻进时,由于深井中温度较高,螺杆寿命低、使用效果不理想;同时在钻探深井超深井中常出现粘滑振动现象,粘滑振动易造成钻具失效,导致机械钻速降低。此外,采用气体钻井技术钻进可较大程度提高机械钻速,但在地层出水的情况下易引起井下复杂情况发生,且气体钻井配套设备多,成本相对较大。In recent years, with the country's increasing demand for oil and natural gas, the exploitation of shale gas is also a hot spot and a challenge. Because during the drilling process, due to the driller’s technical and experience problems, the driller’s technical and experience problems often cause the drill to be sent too late or too fast, or because of the friction of the well wall, the drilling pressure applied to the drill bit is unstable, which affects the rock breaking efficiency. It is even possible to damage the drill bit, crack the cutting teeth of the drill bit, etc. due to the sudden increase of the drilling pressure, which will affect the drilling speed. On the other hand, when the PDC drill bit is drilling hard or abrasive formations, it usually does not have enough torque to break the rock, resulting in the phenomenon of pipe sticking, and the torque release of the downhole drill pipe causes the drill bit to fail. The rock in the deep formation of the oil field is hard and the grinding extreme value is high. The conventional roller cone bit is used for drilling. The footage of a single bit is small, and multiple trips are required and the ROP is low. Higher, the life of the screw is low, and the use effect is not ideal; at the same time, stick-slip vibration often occurs in drilling deep and ultra-deep wells. In addition, drilling with gas drilling technology can greatly increase the ROP, but it is easy to cause complex downhole situations when the formation is watery, and there are many supporting equipment for gas drilling, and the cost is relatively high.
针对以上问题,国内外已尝试了多种工具,取得了一定的提速效果,其中高频扭转冲击类工具占提速工具的主导地位。现场实验和理论研究均表明,该类工具可以给钻头附加高频扭转冲击力,辅助钻头破岩,降低钻柱的粘滑现象,提高机械钻速,降低钻进成本,实现更大的经济效益,同时也更好地保证钻井的安全性,但是扭力冲击器结构复杂,加工装配难度大。In response to the above problems, various tools have been tried at home and abroad, and a certain speed-up effect has been achieved, among which high-frequency torsional impact tools occupy a dominant position in speed-up tools. Both field experiments and theoretical studies have shown that this type of tool can add high-frequency torsional impact force to the drill bit, assist the drill bit in breaking rock, reduce the stick-slip phenomenon of the drill string, increase the ROP, reduce drilling costs, and achieve greater economic benefits , and at the same time better ensure the safety of drilling, but the structure of the torsion impactor is complex and difficult to process and assemble.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是:为了解决钻井过程中的钻头卡钻和钻柱的粘滑导致钻具失效和机械钻速较低的问题,简化扭力冲击器结构,特提供一种螺杆式周向冲击钻井工具,以克服现有技术的缺陷,提高钻进速度。该工具能有效保护钻头,降低成本,提高破岩效率,增加钻井效率。The purpose of the present invention is to simplify the structure of the torsional impactor and provide a screw type circumferential impact drilling in order to solve the problems of drill bit sticking and stick-slip of the drill string leading to drilling tool failure and low ROP in the drilling process. Tool to overcome the defects of the prior art and improve the drilling speed. The tool can effectively protect the drill bit, reduce costs, improve rock breaking efficiency, and increase drilling efficiency.
本发明的技术方案是:螺杆式周向冲击钻井工具,其特征在于:所述螺杆式周向冲击钻井工具由动力总成、万向轴总成,传动总成和冲击总成组成;所述动力总成下端依次连接万向轴总成、传动总成和冲击总成;所述动力总成包括上接头、防掉锁母、防掉连杆、定子壳体、橡胶衬套和螺杆,橡胶衬套安装在定子壳体内部,螺杆和橡胶衬套相互齿合,在钻井液的驱动下带动螺杆旋转;所述上接头上部与钻杆连接,下部通过螺纹与定子壳体连接,防掉连杆上端连接防掉锁母,下端连接螺杆;所述的万向轴总成由上活绞、球座、传动球、压圈、承压球、锁紧套、万向轴壳体、喉箍、连杆、密封套、垫圈和下活绞组成;所述传动总成包括上轴承动圈、传动轴、上轴承静圈、轴承壳体、串轴承、半圆键、下轴承动套、套筒、悬挂上接头、齿轮传动轴、上部吊环、上部密封圈、上部齿轮安装座、上部轴承、齿轮保护套、大齿轮、小齿轮、卡环;所述冲击总成包括冲击锤、冲击壳体、下部轴承、下部齿轮安装座和下部密封圈,下部吊环,下接头;所述悬挂上接头下部设置为花键结构,下部开有圆环半槽和密封圈安装槽,上部通过螺纹与轴承壳体连接,下部通过上部吊环与冲击壳体连接;所述冲击壳体上部设置有与悬挂上接头相配合的花键结构和圆环半槽;冲击壳体下部设置有与下接头相配合的花键结构和圆环半槽,实现冲击壳体的轴向和径向定位,通过吊环结构可以实现冲击壳体周向旋转;所述冲击壳体与悬挂上接头、下接头直接花键结构配合的花键槽和花键之间有间隙,此间隙不小于冲击壳体在发生碰撞时旋转的角度;所述冲击壳体中部沿圆周方向180°开有两个冲击孔,外部形状为与冲击锤配套的扇形结构,冲击锤安装穿过冲击孔,冲击孔下部端面开有部分圆环槽,小齿轮下部伸出轴穿过圆环槽;所述冲击壳体中部沿圆周方向180°与冲击孔所在端面垂直的方向上开有两个液流圆形通孔,作为钻井液液流通道;所述冲击锤外部轮廓为偏心凸轮结构,沿轴线开有与小齿轮下部伸出轴配合的正六边形通孔;所述传动轴上部通过螺纹与下活铰连接,下部通过螺纹与齿轮传动轴连接,齿轮传动轴沿中心轴向开有盲孔液流通道,齿轮传动轴中部沿圆周方向开有连通中心液流通道的斜孔通道,钻井液从中心流到流入,从圆周方向斜孔流道流出,齿轮传动轴下部伸出部分开有键槽;所述上部齿轮安装座,下部齿轮安装座的台阶端面开有均布的两个安装孔,分别供上部轴承、下部轴承安装,上部齿轮安装座通过中心轴螺纹安装于齿轮传动轴下部,通过轴肩结构与悬挂上接头下部接触,实现轴向定位,下部齿轮安装座开有供钻井液流通的轴向通孔,下部通过螺纹与下接头连接,通过台阶结构与下接头上端面接触,实现轴向定位;所述大齿轮通过键结构安装定位于齿轮传动轴下部,通过下部安装于齿轮传动轴上的卡环实现轴向固定;所述小齿轮与大齿轮啮合,上下端面分下沿中心轴线伸出安装轴,上部安装于上部轴承处,下部安装于下部轴承处,实现安装定位,下部伸出部分中部轴为正六边形结构,便于冲击锤安装固定;所述齿轮保护套外部轮廓为与大齿轮、小齿轮啮合的结构,为两个对半组合的形式,上端面开有轴向中心大孔,便于安装于齿轮传动轴上部,实现安装定位,上端面沿圆周方向180°均布有两个供小齿轮上端面伸出的轴通过的通孔齿轮保护套下端面为与冲击壳体轴向冲击通孔配合的结构,实现对齿轮的保护,防止钻井液冲流过齿轮,影响齿轮寿命,同时防止钻井液进入冲击孔,影响冲击锤的使用效果或工作寿命;所述下接头沿轴向中心线开有液流通孔,上部圆周方向开有密封圈安装槽和吊环卡槽,中部沿圆周方向设置为花键结构;所述上部吊环安装于齿轮传动轴和冲击壳体配合形成的圆环槽内,下部吊环安装于冲击壳体与下接头配合形成的圆环槽内,使得冲击壳体实现轴向定位,且具有周向自由度。The technical solution of the present invention is: a screw type circumferential impact drilling tool, characterized in that: the screw type circumferential impact drilling tool is composed of a power assembly, a cardan shaft assembly, a transmission assembly and an impact assembly; The lower end of the power assembly is sequentially connected with the cardan shaft assembly, the transmission assembly and the impact assembly; The bushing is installed inside the stator housing, the screw rod and the rubber bushing mesh with each other, and the screw rod is driven to rotate under the driving of the drilling fluid; the upper part of the upper joint is connected with the drill pipe, and the lower part is connected with the stator housing through threads to prevent the connection from falling off. The upper end of the rod is connected to the anti-drop lock nut, and the lower end is connected to the screw rod; the cardan shaft assembly is composed of an upper live twist, a ball seat, a transmission ball, a pressure ring, a pressure bearing ball, a locking sleeve, a cardan shaft housing, and a throat hoop , connecting rod, sealing sleeve, gasket and lower live twist; the transmission assembly includes upper bearing moving ring, transmission shaft, upper bearing static ring, bearing shell, string bearing, half round key, lower bearing moving sleeve, sleeve , Suspension upper joint, gear transmission shaft, upper ring, upper seal ring, upper gear mounting seat, upper bearing, gear protective sleeve, large gear, pinion, snap ring; the impact assembly includes impact hammer, impact shell, The lower bearing, the lower gear mounting seat and the lower sealing ring, the lower lifting ring, and the lower joint; the lower part of the suspension upper joint is set as a spline structure, and the lower part is provided with a ring half groove and a sealing ring installation groove, and the upper part is connected to the bearing housing through threads Connection, the lower part is connected with the impact shell through the upper ring; the upper part of the impact shell is provided with a spline structure and a ring half groove that match the suspension upper joint; the lower part of the impact shell is provided with a spline that matches the lower joint The structure and the ring half groove realize the axial and radial positioning of the impact shell, and the circumferential rotation of the impact shell can be realized through the suspension ring structure; There is a gap between the keyway and the spline, and the gap is not less than the angle of rotation of the impact shell when a collision occurs; two impact holes are opened in the middle of the impact shell along the circumferential direction of 180°, and the external shape is matched with the impact hammer. Fan-shaped structure, the impact hammer is installed through the impact hole, the lower end surface of the impact hole is provided with a part of the circular groove, and the pinion lower part protrudes through the circular groove; the middle part of the impact shell is 180° along the circumferential direction and the end surface where the impact hole is located There are two liquid flow circular through holes in the vertical direction, which are used as drilling fluid flow channels; the outer contour of the impact hammer is an eccentric cam structure, and a regular hexagonal through hole is opened along the axis to match the extension shaft at the lower part of the pinion. hole; the upper part of the transmission shaft is connected with the lower hinge through threads, and the lower part is connected with the gear transmission shaft through threads. The gear transmission shaft has a blind hole liquid flow channel along the central axis, and the middle part of the gear transmission shaft has a communication center The inclined hole channel of the liquid flow channel, the drilling fluid flows from the center to the inflow, and flows out from the circumferential direction of the inclined hole flow channel. The lower part of the gear transmission shaft is provided with a keyway; the upper gear mounting seat, the stepped end surface of the lower gear mounting seat There are two evenly distributed mounting holes for the upper bearing and the lower bearing respectively. The upper gear mounting seat is installed on the lower part of the gear drive shaft through the central shaft thread, and the shaft shoulder structure contacts the lower part of the suspension upper joint to achieve axial positioning. The lower gear mounting seat has an axial through hole for drilling fluid circulation, the lower part is connected to the lower joint through threads, and contacts the upper end surface of the lower joint through a stepped structure to achieve axial positioning; the large gear is installed and positioned on the gear through a key structure The lower part of the transmission shaft is axially fixed through the snap ring installed on the gear transmission shaft at the lower part; the pinion gear meshes with the large gear, and the upper and lower end faces protrude from the installation shaft along the central axis. The upper part is installed at the upper bearing, and the lower part is installed At the lower bearing, the installation and positioning are realized. The middle shaft of the lower protruding part is a regular hexagonal structure, which is convenient for the installation and fixation of the impact hammer; the outer contour of the gear protection sleeve is a structure that meshes with the large gear and the pinion, which is two halves In the form of combination, the upper end surface is provided with a large axial center hole, which is convenient for installation on the upper part of the gear transmission shaft, and the installation and positioning are realized. The upper end surface is evenly distributed along the circumferential direction of 180° with two passages for the shaft protruding from the upper end surface of the pinion. The lower end surface of the hole gear protection sleeve is a structure that cooperates with the axial impact through hole of the impact shell to realize the protection of the gear, prevent the drilling fluid from rushing through the gear, and affect the life of the gear, and at the same time prevent the drilling fluid from entering the impact hole, which affects the impact hammer. The use effect or working life; the lower joint is provided with a liquid flow hole along the axial centerline, and the upper part is provided with a sealing ring installation groove and a lifting ring slot in the circumferential direction, and the middle part is arranged as a spline structure along the circumferential direction; the upper part is installed with a ring In the ring groove formed by the cooperation of the gear transmission shaft and the impact shell, the lower lifting ring is installed in the ring groove formed by the cooperation of the impact shell and the lower joint, so that the impact shell can be positioned axially and has a degree of freedom in the circumferential direction.
上述方案中,所述大齿轮(34)为主动齿轮,小齿轮(35)为从动齿轮,通过齿轮传动比传动实现小齿轮高速转动。In the above solution, the bull gear (34) is a driving gear, and the pinion gear (35) is a driven gear, and the high-speed rotation of the pinion is realized through gear transmission ratio transmission.
上述方案中,所述上部吊环(29),下部吊环(42)均为2个成套安装,实现防掉,保证安全。In said scheme, described upper suspension ring (29), the lower suspension ring (42) is 2 complete sets of installations, realizes anti-falling, guarantees safety.
上述方案中,所述上部密封圈(30),下部密封圈(41)均为双密封结构,保证密封可靠性。In the above solution, both the upper sealing ring (30) and the lower sealing ring (41) are double-sealed structures to ensure sealing reliability.
上述方案中,所述上部轴承(32),下部轴承(39)均为角接触球轴承,承受径向和轴向载荷。In the above solution, the upper bearing (32) and the lower bearing (39) are both angular contact ball bearings, which bear radial and axial loads.
本发明的有益效果是:(1)通过螺杆带动冲击锤转动碰撞冲击壳体实现冲击作用,工作性能稳定可靠;(2)通过齿轮传动,实现高频冲击,提高破岩效率;(3)该工具设计合理,性能可靠,产生周向冲击的有效保护钻头,消除钻头的粘滑和卡钻现象,提高机械钻速;(4)通过齿轮与冲击锤配合的纯机械结构实现冲击,适用于深井高温钻井条件;(5)该工具有动作无死点,提供高频扭转冲击;(6)结构简单、寿命长、提速效果好。The beneficial effects of the present invention are: (1) the impact hammer is driven by the screw to rotate and collide with the impact shell to realize the impact effect, and the working performance is stable and reliable; (2) the high-frequency impact is realized through the gear transmission, and the rock breaking efficiency is improved; (3) the The tool design is reasonable, the performance is reliable, and the circumferential impact can effectively protect the drill bit, eliminate the stick-slip and sticking of the drill bit, and increase the ROP; (4) The impact is realized through the pure mechanical structure of the gear and the impact hammer, which is suitable for deep wells High-temperature drilling conditions; (5) The tool has no dead point in action and provides high-frequency torsional impact; (6) Simple structure, long life, and good speed-up effect.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明的结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention.
图2是本发明图1中的A-A剖面图。Fig. 2 is the A-A sectional view in Fig. 1 of the present invention.
图3是本发明图1中的B-B剖面图。Fig. 3 is a B-B sectional view in Fig. 1 of the present invention.
图4是本发明图1中的C-C剖面图。Fig. 4 is a C-C sectional view in Fig. 1 of the present invention.
图5是本发明图1中冲击壳体(38)半剖结构示意图。Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the semi-sectional structure of the impact shell (38) in Fig. 1 of the present invention.
图6是本发明图1中冲击锤(36)结构示意图。Fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of the impact hammer (36) in Fig. 1 of the present invention.
图7是本发明图1中大齿轮(34)结构示意图。Fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of the bull gear (34) in Fig. 1 of the present invention.
图8是本发明图1中小齿轮(35)结构示意图。Fig. 8 is a schematic structural view of the pinion (35) in Fig. 1 of the present invention.
图中1.上接头,2.防掉锁母,3.防掉连杆,4.定子壳体,5.橡胶衬套,6.螺杆,7.上活绞,8.球座,9.传动球,10.压圈,11.承压球,12.锁紧套,13.万向轴壳体,14.喉箍,15.连杆,16.密封套,17.垫圈,18.下活绞,19.上轴承动圈,20.传动轴,21.上轴承静圈,22.轴承壳体,23.串轴承,24.半圆键,25.下轴承动套,26.套筒,27.悬挂上接头,28.齿轮传动轴,29.上部吊环,30.上部密封圈,31.上部齿轮安装座,32.上部轴承,33.齿轮保护套,34.大齿轮,35.小齿轮,36.冲击锤,37.卡环,38.冲击壳体,39.下部轴承,40.下部齿轮安装座,41.下部密封圈,42.下部吊环,43.下接头。In the figure 1. Upper joint, 2. Anti-drop lock nut, 3. Anti-drop connecting rod, 4. Stator shell, 5. Rubber bushing, 6. Screw, 7. Upper live twist, 8. Ball seat, 9. Transmission ball, 10. Pressure ring, 11. Pressure bearing ball, 12. Lock sleeve, 13. Cardan shaft housing, 14. Throat clamp, 15. Connecting rod, 16. Seal sleeve, 17. Gasket, 18. Bottom Live stranding, 19. Upper bearing moving ring, 20. Transmission shaft, 21. Upper bearing static ring, 22. Bearing shell, 23. String bearing, 24. Half round key, 25. Lower bearing moving sleeve, 26. Sleeve, 27. Suspension upper joint, 28. Gear transmission shaft, 29. Upper lifting ring, 30. Upper sealing ring, 31. Upper gear mounting seat, 32. Upper bearing, 33. Gear protection sleeve, 34. Large gear, 35. Small gear , 36. Impact hammer, 37. Snap ring, 38. Impact shell, 39. Lower bearing, 40. Lower gear mount, 41. Lower sealing ring, 42. Lower ring, 43. Lower joint.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图及实施例,对本发明作进一步说明:Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment, the present invention will be further described:
参见附图,螺杆式周向冲击钻井工具,其特征在于:所述螺杆式周向冲击钻井工具由动力总成、万向轴总成,传动总成和冲击总成组成;所述动力总成下端依次连接万向轴总成、传动总成和冲击总成;所述动力总成包括上接头1、防掉锁母2、防掉连杆3、定子壳体4、橡胶衬套5和螺杆6,橡胶衬套5安装在定子壳体4内部,螺杆6和橡胶衬套5相互齿合,在钻井液的驱动下带动螺杆6旋转;所述上接头1上部与钻杆连接,下部通过螺纹与定子壳体4连接,防掉连杆3上端连接防掉锁母2,下端连接螺杆6;所述的万向轴总成由上活绞7、球座8、传动球9、压圈10、承压球11、锁紧套12、万向轴壳体13、喉箍14、连杆15、密封套16、垫圈17和下活绞18组成;所述传动总成包括上轴承动圈19、传动轴20、上轴承静圈21、轴承壳体22、串轴承23、半圆键24、下轴承动套25、套筒26、悬挂上接头27、齿轮传动轴28、上部吊环29、上部密封圈30、上部齿轮安装座31、上部轴承32、齿轮保护套33、大齿轮34、小齿轮35、卡环37;所述冲击总成包括冲击锤36、冲击壳体38、下部轴承39、下部齿轮安装座40和下部密封圈41,下部吊环42,下接头43;所述悬挂上接头27下部设置为花键结构,下部开有圆环半槽和密封圈安装槽,上部通过螺纹与轴承壳体连接,下部通过上部吊环与冲击壳体38连接;所述冲击壳体38上部设置有与悬挂上接头27相配合的花键结构和圆环半槽;冲击壳体38下部设置有与下接头43相配合的花键结构和圆环半槽,实现冲击壳体38的轴向和径向定位,通过吊环结构可以实现冲击壳体38周向旋转;所述冲击壳体38与悬挂上接头27、下接头43直接花键结构配合的花键槽和花键之间有间隙,此间隙不小于冲击壳体在发生碰撞时旋转的角度;所述冲击壳体中部沿圆周方向180°开有两个冲击孔,外部形状为与冲击锤配套的扇形结构,冲击锤36安装穿过冲击孔,冲击孔下部端面开有部分圆环槽,小齿轮下部伸出轴穿过圆环槽;所述冲击壳体38中部沿圆周方向180°与冲击孔所在端面垂直的方向上开有两个液流圆形通孔,作为钻井液液流通道;所述冲击锤36外部轮廓为偏心凸轮结构,沿轴线开有与小齿轮下部伸出轴配合的正六边形通孔;所述传动轴20上部通过螺纹与下活铰18连接,下部通过螺纹与齿轮传动轴28连接,齿轮传动轴28沿中心轴向开有盲孔液流通道,齿轮传动轴28中部沿圆周方向开有连通中心液流通道的斜孔通道,钻井液从中心流到流入,从圆周方向斜孔流道流出,齿轮传动轴下部伸出部分开有键槽;所述上部齿轮安装座31,下部齿轮安装座40的台阶端面开有均布的两个安装孔,分别供上部轴承32、下部轴承39安装,上部齿轮安装座31通过中心轴螺纹安装于齿轮传动轴28下部,通过轴肩结构与悬挂上接头27下部接触,实现轴向定位,下部齿轮安装座40开有供钻井液流通的轴向通孔,下部通过螺纹与下接头连接,通过台阶结构与下接头上端面接触,实现轴向定位;所述大齿轮34通过键结构安装定位于齿轮传动轴28下部,通过下部安装于齿轮传动轴28上的卡环37实现轴向固定;所述小齿轮35与大齿轮34啮合,上下端面分下沿中心轴线伸出安装轴,上部安装于上部轴承32处,下部安装于下部轴承39处,实现安装定位,下部伸出部分中部轴为正六边形结构,便于冲击锤36安装固定;所述齿轮保护套33外部轮廓为与大齿轮34、小齿轮35啮合的结构,为两个对半组合的形式,上端面开有轴向中心大孔,便于安装于齿轮传动轴上部,实现安装定位,上端面沿圆周方向180°均布有两个供小齿轮上端面伸出的轴通过的通孔齿轮保护套下端面为与冲击壳体轴向冲击通孔配合的结构,实现对齿轮的保护,防止钻井液冲流过齿轮,影响齿轮寿命,同时防止钻井液进入冲击孔,影响冲击锤36的使用效果或工作寿命;所述下接头43沿轴向中心线开有液流通孔,上部圆周方向开有密封圈安装槽和吊环卡槽,中部沿圆周方向设置为花键结构;所述上部吊环29安装于齿轮传动轴28和冲击壳体38配合形成的圆环槽内,下部吊环42安装于冲击壳体38与下接头43配合形成的圆环槽内,使得冲击壳体38实现轴向定位,且具有周向自由度。Referring to the accompanying drawings, the screw type circumferential impact drilling tool is characterized in that: the screw type circumferential impact drilling tool is composed of a power assembly, a cardan shaft assembly, a transmission assembly and an impact assembly; the power assembly The lower end is connected with cardan shaft assembly, transmission assembly and impact assembly in turn; the power assembly includes upper joint 1, anti-drop lock nut 2, anti-drop connecting rod 3, stator housing 4, rubber bushing 5 and screw 6. The rubber bushing 5 is installed inside the stator housing 4, the screw rod 6 and the rubber bushing 5 mesh with each other, and the screw rod 6 is driven to rotate under the driving of the drilling fluid; the upper part of the upper joint 1 is connected with the drill pipe, and the lower part is threaded Connected with the stator housing 4, the upper end of the anti-drop connecting rod 3 is connected with the anti-drop lock nut 2, and the lower end is connected with the screw rod 6; , pressure bearing ball 11, locking sleeve 12, cardan shaft housing 13, throat clamp 14, connecting rod 15, sealing sleeve 16, gasket 17 and lower live twist 18; the transmission assembly includes upper bearing moving ring 19 , transmission shaft 20, upper bearing static ring 21, bearing shell 22, string bearing 23, semicircular key 24, lower bearing moving sleeve 25, sleeve 26, suspension upper joint 27, gear drive shaft 28, upper suspension ring 29, upper seal Ring 30, upper gear mounting seat 31, upper bearing 32, gear protective sleeve 33, large gear 34, pinion 35, snap ring 37; the impact assembly includes impact hammer 36, impact housing 38, lower bearing 39, lower Gear mounting seat 40, lower sealing ring 41, lower suspension ring 42, lower joint 43; the lower part of the suspension upper joint 27 is set as a spline structure, and the lower part is provided with a ring half groove and a sealing ring installation groove, and the upper part is connected with the bearing shell by thread Body connection, the lower part is connected with the impact shell 38 through the upper ring; the upper part of the impact shell 38 is provided with a spline structure and a ring half groove matching with the suspension upper joint 27; the lower part of the impact shell 38 is provided with a lower joint 43 matched spline structure and ring half groove, realize the axial and radial positioning of the impact shell 38, and the circumferential rotation of the impact shell 38 can be realized through the suspension ring structure; the impact shell 38 and the suspension upper joint 27 1. There is a gap between the spline groove and the spline of the direct spline structure of the lower joint 43, and the gap is not less than the angle of rotation of the impact shell when a collision occurs; Impact hole, the external shape is fan-shaped structure matching with the impact hammer, the impact hammer 36 is installed through the impact hole, a part of the ring groove is opened on the end surface of the lower part of the impact hole, and the shaft extending from the lower part of the pinion passes through the ring groove; the impact shell The middle part of body 38 has two liquid flow circular through holes in the direction perpendicular to the end face where the impact hole is located at 180° in the circumferential direction, as drilling fluid flow channels; There is a regular hexagonal through hole cooperating with the extension shaft of the lower part of the pinion; the upper part of the transmission shaft 20 is connected with the lower hinge 18 through threads, and the lower part is connected with the gear transmission shaft 28 through threads, and the gear transmission shaft 28 is opened along the central axis. There is a blind hole liquid flow channel, and the middle part of the gear transmission shaft 28 is provided with an inclined hole channel connecting the central liquid flow channel along the circumferential direction. There are keyways in part; the upper gear mounting seat 31 and the step end face of the lower gear mounting seat 40 are provided with two mounting holes evenly distributed for the upper bearing 32 and the lower bearing 39 respectively, and the upper gear mounting seat 31 passes through the center shaft. The thread is installed on the lower part of the gear transmission shaft 28, and the shaft shoulder structure contacts with the lower part of the suspension upper joint 27 to achieve axial positioning. The lower gear mounting seat 40 has an axial through hole for the circulation of drilling fluid, and the lower part is connected to the lower joint through threads Axial positioning is realized through the contact of the step structure with the upper end surface of the lower joint; the large gear 34 is installed and positioned on the lower part of the gear transmission shaft 28 through the key structure, and the axial fixation is realized through the snap ring 37 installed on the gear transmission shaft 28 at the lower part The pinion 35 is meshed with the bull gear 34, and the upper and lower end faces extend out the installation shaft along the central axis. The upper part is installed at the upper bearing 32, and the lower part is installed at the lower bearing 39 to realize installation and positioning. The lower part protrudes from the middle shaft It is a regular hexagonal structure, which is convenient for the installation and fixing of the impact hammer 36; the outer contour of the gear protection sleeve 33 is a structure that meshes with the large gear 34 and the small gear 35, and is in the form of a combination of two halves, with an axial center on the upper end surface. Large hole, easy to install on the upper part of the gear transmission shaft, to achieve installation and positioning, the upper end surface is evenly distributed along the circumferential direction of 180° with two through holes for the shaft protruding from the upper end surface of the pinion to pass through. The lower end surface of the gear protection sleeve is connected with the impact shell The axial impact through-hole matching structure realizes the protection of the gear, prevents the drilling fluid from rushing through the gear, and affects the life of the gear, and at the same time prevents the drilling fluid from entering the impact hole, which affects the use effect or working life of the impact hammer 36; the lower joint 43 has a liquid flow hole along the axial centerline, a sealing ring installation groove and a lifting ring slot in the upper circumferential direction, and a spline structure in the middle along the circumferential direction; the upper lifting ring 29 is installed on the gear transmission shaft 28 and the impact shell In the annular groove formed by the cooperation of the body 38, the lower lifting ring 42 is installed in the annular groove formed by the cooperation of the impact shell 38 and the lower joint 43, so that the impact shell 38 realizes axial positioning and has a circumferential degree of freedom.
上述方案中,所述大齿轮34为主动齿轮,小齿轮35为从动齿轮,通过齿轮传动比传动实现小齿轮高速转动。In the above solution, the large gear 34 is a driving gear, and the pinion gear 35 is a driven gear, and the high-speed rotation of the pinion is realized through gear transmission ratio transmission.
上述方案中,所述上部吊环29,下部吊环42均为2个成套安装,实现防掉,保证安全。In the above scheme, the upper suspension ring 29 and the lower suspension ring 42 are installed in two complete sets to prevent falling and ensure safety.
上述方案中,所述上部密封圈30,下部密封圈41均为双密封结构,保证密封可靠性。In the above solution, the upper sealing ring 30 and the lower sealing ring 41 are double-seal structures to ensure sealing reliability.
上述方案中,所述上部轴承32,下部轴承39均为角接触球轴承,承受径向和轴向载荷。In the above solution, the upper bearing 32 and the lower bearing 39 are both angular contact ball bearings, which bear radial and axial loads.
工作时,通过各部件之间相互配合,高压钻井液从上接头1流入,通过螺杆6与橡胶衬套5之间形成的压力腔使得螺杆6旋转,进一步将转动传递给万向轴总成,再通过传动轴20将转动传递给齿轮传动轴28,齿轮传动轴28带动大齿轮34转动,通过大齿轮34与小齿轮35之间的啮合,小齿轮35转动带动冲击锤36转动,在冲击壳体38的冲击孔内碰撞产生扭转振动,冲击壳体38将振动传递到下接头43,进而传递给钻头;冲击锤36碰撞冲击壳体后,带动冲击壳体38转动,由于冲击锤36为偏心凸轮结构,使得在二者相互转动过程中分开,进入下一次碰撞,实现为钻头提供动力,并使钻头产生高频单向周向振动的目的,进而对钻头实现有效的保护,提高钻井效率,有效减少甚至避免卡钻和粘滑现象产生,均衡扭矩,保护钻头,延长钻头使用寿命,提高钻井速度。When working, the high-pressure drilling fluid flows in from the upper joint 1 through the mutual cooperation between the various components, and the screw 6 rotates through the pressure chamber formed between the screw 6 and the rubber bushing 5, and further transmits the rotation to the cardan shaft assembly. Then the rotation is transmitted to the gear transmission shaft 28 through the transmission shaft 20, the gear transmission shaft 28 drives the large gear 34 to rotate, through the meshing between the large gear 34 and the small gear 35, the rotation of the small gear 35 drives the impact hammer 36 to rotate, and the impact hammer 36 rotates in the impact shell. The collision in the impact hole of body 38 produces torsional vibration, and the impact shell 38 transmits the vibration to the lower joint 43, and then to the drill bit; after the impact hammer 36 collides with the impact shell, it drives the impact shell 38 to rotate, because the impact hammer 36 is eccentric The cam structure makes the two separate during the mutual rotation and enters the next collision, so as to provide power for the drill bit and make the drill bit generate high-frequency unidirectional circumferential vibration, thereby effectively protecting the drill bit and improving drilling efficiency. Effectively reduce or even avoid sticking and stick-slip phenomenon, balance the torque, protect the drill bit, prolong the service life of the drill bit, and increase the drilling speed.
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