CN1032857A - 过滤式环境控制系统 - Google Patents

过滤式环境控制系统 Download PDF

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CN1032857A
CN1032857A CN88107199A CN88107199A CN1032857A CN 1032857 A CN1032857 A CN 1032857A CN 88107199 A CN88107199 A CN 88107199A CN 88107199 A CN88107199 A CN 88107199A CN 1032857 A CN1032857 A CN 1032857A
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air
filter
heat exchanger
turbine
compressor
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CN88107199A
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CN1010878B (zh
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格雷戈里·劳伦斯·迪弗朗切斯科
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Raytheon Technologies Corp
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United Technologies Corp
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Publication of CN1010878B publication Critical patent/CN1010878B/zh
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F8/00—Treatment, e.g. purification, of air supplied to human living or working spaces otherwise than by heating, cooling, humidifying or drying
    • F24F8/90—Cleaning of purification apparatus
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
    • B64D13/00—Arrangements or adaptations of air-treatment apparatus for aircraft crew or passengers, or freight space, or structural parts of the aircraft
    • B64D13/06—Arrangements or adaptations of air-treatment apparatus for aircraft crew or passengers, or freight space, or structural parts of the aircraft the air being conditioned
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F8/00—Treatment, e.g. purification, of air supplied to human living or working spaces otherwise than by heating, cooling, humidifying or drying
    • F24F8/10—Treatment, e.g. purification, of air supplied to human living or working spaces otherwise than by heating, cooling, humidifying or drying by separation, e.g. by filtering
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F8/00—Treatment, e.g. purification, of air supplied to human living or working spaces otherwise than by heating, cooling, humidifying or drying
    • F24F8/10—Treatment, e.g. purification, of air supplied to human living or working spaces otherwise than by heating, cooling, humidifying or drying by separation, e.g. by filtering
    • F24F8/108—Treatment, e.g. purification, of air supplied to human living or working spaces otherwise than by heating, cooling, humidifying or drying by separation, e.g. by filtering using dry filter elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
    • B64D13/00—Arrangements or adaptations of air-treatment apparatus for aircraft crew or passengers, or freight space, or structural parts of the aircraft
    • B64D13/06—Arrangements or adaptations of air-treatment apparatus for aircraft crew or passengers, or freight space, or structural parts of the aircraft the air being conditioned
    • B64D2013/0603—Environmental Control Systems
    • B64D2013/0651—Environmental Control Systems comprising filters, e.g. dust filters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2220/00—Application
    • F05B2220/50—Application for auxiliary power units (APU's)

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Pulmonology (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Filtering Of Dispersed Particles In Gases (AREA)
  • Central Air Conditioning (AREA)
  • Separation Of Gases By Adsorption (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
  • Drying Of Gases (AREA)

Abstract

一种空调系统用供入的压缩空气作动力，有一个 空气循环机，其结合有一再生过滤器。过滤器从空气 循环机的压气机接受加压空气进行过滤，并从载荷热 交换器下游的空气循环机的涡轮接受吹洗空气。空 气清洗过滤器前将载荷冷却，因此将系统的动力消耗 减为最低。

Description

本发明与结合使用再生式过滤系统的环境控制系统有关。
空气循环环境控制系统为已熟知者。这种系统一般用发动机或辅助动力装置（APU）的压缩机部泄放的压缩空气作动力。已知在环境控制系统中结合有空气过滤系统，保护闭合环境中的居民。简单过滤系统有单级地使用的活性炭，其寿命有限。对于必须有较长保护时间的居民，有限的使用寿命是不利的。
本发明的目的，是在环境控制系统中结合设置一个再生过滤系统，在长时间中保护一个环境中的居民。
本发明的另一目的，是在环境控制系统中结合设置这种过滤系统，它同时减少整个系统中的动力消耗。
本发明的上述目的和其他目的，可通过在空气循环冷却系统中安排一个再生过滤器以取得，该过滤器将从系统的压气机流向涡轮的高压空气中的污染物清除，该过滤器被从涡轮中流出，并从一个载荷热交换器中通过后的空气，清洗积累的污染物。
本发明上述的以及其他的目的、特点及优点，从下文关于附图所示的最佳实施方案的叙述，便可更加了解。
附图简示过滤式环境控制系统，使用一个再生过滤器和空气循环环境控制系统相结合。
过滤式环境控制系统10如图1所示，有若干主要部分，包括空气循环机12，第一和第二热交换器部14;载荷热交换器16，再生过滤器18。
在导管20将环境空气抽入。空气通过第二热交换器24，第一热交换器22，然后流出系统外部。在本行业中已知，可用喷咀向第二及第一热交换器喷水，提高热交换器提供的冷却效果。
空气循环机12有共轴的风扇28、压气机30及涡轮32。风扇28通过导管20抽吸环境空气。相对低温的环境空气，从通过热交换器22，24的空气中吸热。压气机将系统的输入空气加压，以备在下游使用。涡轮将输入空气中的热能抽取，驱动压气机及风扇，并将空气冷却，这在本领域中也是熟知的。
载荷热交换器16从一个闭合环境34的空气中抽取热量，将该空气冷却。
再生过滤部18有一个再生热交换器36，一个集水器38，一个悬浮微粒滤清器40，和一个双过滤床变压吸附（PSA）的核生物化学（NBC）过滤系统42。这种系统可向帕尔（Pall）公司购买，公司地址在纽约。要求用压缩空气作过滤的PSA过滤器有两个再生过滤床44，46及若干阀48，50（图中简示）。当过滤床44滤清空气中的污染物时，吹洗过滤床46上积累的污染物。去除污染物时不需使用压缩空气。当过滤床44上污染物积满或超过相对安全期后，将过滤床44的污染物清洗而另一过滤床滤清污染。这过程可无限期进行。
气流从系统中通过情况如下。将发动机52或辅助动力装置（APU）供给的压缩空气引导，从第一热交换器中通过，通过管路54，进入空气循环机的压气机。压气机将输入空气加压。压缩空气从第二热交换器24中通过，经过管路56，进入再生热交换器36。再生热交换器将压缩空气中的一部分热交换，下面将有讨论。然后压缩空气从集水器38中通过，集水器清除空气中所有的水滴。清除的水可通过一条管路（未示）引导，向第一及第二热交换器喷洒，如上面介绍过的。然后，将压缩空气从悬浮微粒清除装置40中通过，通过管路，输入PSA过滤器。
将空气通过阀50供给过滤床44，直到过滤床上不能再吸附污染物，或超过相对安全期为止。这时，控制器60将阀旋转，使空气可向过滤床46供给，这时过滤床46上又可吸附污染物，如下面所讨论。控制器60将净化的空气引导，通过阀48，从管路62进入涡轮32。涡轮吸收空气中的热，用以驱动压气机和风扇，将空气膨胀并冷却。将涡轮中的空气引导，经过管路64，从载荷热交换器中通过。载荷热交换器将闭合环境空气中的热，和来自新值睦淇掌换弧Ｓ谑强掌苈?6，从再生热交换器36中通过。再生热交换器将管路56中通过的空气中的热，和管路66中的空气的热交换，使空气有PSA要求的正确温度，吹洗过滤床上的污染。该空气还通过管路68，向闭合环境提供补充空气。
较热的空气通过管路72进入PSA过滤器用作吹洗空气。当第一过滤床清除进入涡轮的空气中的污染物时，从阀50中通过的清洗空气同时清除第二过滤床上的污染物。清洗空气和污染物一道被引导通过阀48，经过管路74排出大气。
控制器对PSA过滤器中的阀的操纵方法，本领域中已为熟知。并且控制器控制经阀70进入闭合环境的空气的量，也是本领域中所熟知。
将载荷热交换器放在涡轮的下游，却在PSA的上游，便可从空气中取得最大量的冷却。此外，发动机或APU输入的全部压缩空气，都被用作冷却。在能够吸热前，没有空气用于吹洗。结果，发动机或APU泄放的空气达到最低量，从而提高整个系统的效率。和其他过滤式环境控制系统比较，每磅压缩空气的冷却量有很大的提高。
虽然对本发明已就其最佳方案说明，但熟悉本行业者都能理解，在形式和细节方面，可作上述的或各种其他的变化，增减，而不脱离本发明的精神和范围。

Claims (3)

1、一种向一环境提供过滤空调空气的系统，该系统用一个空气循环机将该空气处理，该空气循环机有一个压气机，一个涡轮和一个载荷热交换器，在其中用该压气机将空气加压，通入该涡轮，使该空气膨胀并冷却，通入该载荷热交换器，该系统特征如下：
一个再生过滤器清除该空气中的污染物，该过滤器的布置为该过滤器清除加压空气中的污染物，该空气从该压气机向该涡轮流动，而从该载荷热交换器中流出的空气吹洗该再生过滤器中的累积污染物。
2、如权利要求1中之系统，而特征为利用该涡轮下游的装置，向该环境供给补充空气。
3、一种压缩空气驱动的系统，向一个环境提供过滤空调空气，该系统用一个空气循环机调节该空气，该空气循环机有一个压气机，一个涡轮和一个载荷热交换器，其中的空气用该压气机加压，流入该涡轮作膨胀及冷却，再流入该载荷热交换器，该系统的特征如下：
一个再生过滤器清除该空气中的污染物，该过滤器的布置为该过滤器清除加压空气中的污染物，该空气从该压气机向该涡轮流动，而从该载荷热交换器中流出的空气吹洗该再生过滤器中累积的污染物。
CN88107199A 1987-10-19 1988-10-13 过滤式环境控制系统 Expired CN1010878B (zh)

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US07/109,634 US4769051A (en) 1987-10-19 1987-10-19 Filtered environmental control system
US07/109,634 1987-10-19

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CN1032857A true CN1032857A (zh) 1989-05-10
CN1010878B CN1010878B (zh) 1990-12-19

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US (1) US4769051A (zh)
EP (1) EP0313504B1 (zh)
JP (1) JP2598690B2 (zh)
CN (1) CN1010878B (zh)
CA (1) CA1286882C (zh)
DE (2) DE3875056T2 (zh)
EG (1) EG18802A (zh)
IL (1) IL87918A (zh)

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CN114084353A (zh) * 2021-11-17 2022-02-25 沈阳航空航天大学 一种直升机舱室核生化防护系统
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CN107472541B (zh) * 2016-05-26 2022-06-10 哈米尔顿森德斯特兰德公司 用于飞行器的环境控制系统
US11506121B2 (en) 2016-05-26 2022-11-22 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Multiple nozzle configurations for a turbine of an environmental control system
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US11981440B2 (en) 2016-05-26 2024-05-14 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Energy flow of an advanced environmental control system
CN114084353A (zh) * 2021-11-17 2022-02-25 沈阳航空航天大学 一种直升机舱室核生化防护系统
CN114084353B (zh) * 2021-11-17 2023-11-24 沈阳航空航天大学 一种直升机舱室核生化防护系统

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JP2598690B2 (ja) 1997-04-09
JPH01121639A (ja) 1989-05-15
EP0313504B1 (en) 1992-09-30
US4769051A (en) 1988-09-06
EP0313504A2 (en) 1989-04-26
EG18802A (en) 1995-01-31
EP0313504A3 (en) 1990-01-03
CN1010878B (zh) 1990-12-19
IL87918A (en) 1992-03-29
DE313504T1 (de) 1989-08-03
IL87918A0 (en) 1989-03-31
DE3875056T2 (de) 1993-02-25
DE3875056D1 (de) 1992-11-05
CA1286882C (en) 1991-07-30

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