CN103275924A - 新的细胞组合物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及新的细胞(例如,肝细胞,等等)组合物,及其制备和使用方法。特别地,本发明涉及处理这些细胞的制品以使它们能够重复冷冻保存和解冻、同时保持基本的存活力的方法。本发明还涉及已经重复地冷冻保存和解冻的细胞(例如,肝细胞)的制品。
Description
本申请是申请日为2006年03月30日和发明名称为“新的细胞组合物及其制备方法”的200680018373.5号发明专利申请的分案申请。
相关申请的交叉参考
本申请是美国专利申请系列号11/110,879(2005年04月21日提交)的继续申请,该申请以其全部内容引入本文作为参考。
技术领域
本发明涉及新的细胞(例如,肝细胞,等等)组合物及其制备和使用方法。特别地,本发明涉及加工这些细胞的制品以使它们能够重复冷冻保存和解冻、同时保持基本存活力的方法。本发明还涉及已经被重复地冷冻保存和解冻的细胞(例如,肝细胞)的制品。
背景技术
肝细胞是实质肝细胞,而且占肝胞质团的60-80%。肝细胞在外源和内源物质的解毒、修饰和分泌中起关键作用(Ponsoda,X.等.(2004)″Drug Metabolism By Cultured Human Hepatocytes:How FarAre We From The In Vivo Reality?″Altern.Lab Anim.32(2):101-110)。肝细胞的一种解毒功能是把氨变成尿素后排出。它们在蛋白质合成和贮存、碳水化合物转化和胆固醇、胆汁盐和磷脂的合成中也很重要(Postic,C.等.(2004)″Role Of The Liver In The Control Of CarbohydrateAnd Lipid Homeostasis,″Diabetes Metab.30(5):398-408)。肝细胞是体内唯一产生白蛋白、纤维蛋白原和凝血因子的凝血酶原基团的细胞。它是脂蛋白、血浆铜蓝蛋白、转铁蛋白和糖蛋白合成的主要位点。肝细胞产生它们自己的结构蛋白质和胞内酶。肝细胞也是维生素B12和铁的重要贮藏库。
由于这些特征,分离的和培养的肝细胞已经成为用于肝功能研究的非常有吸引力的模型体系(Chesne,C.等.(1993)″Viability AndFunction In Primary Culture Of Adult Hepatocytes From Various AnimalSpecies And Human Beings After Cryopreservation,″Hepatology18(2):406-414;Guillouzo,A.等.(1986)″Isolated and CulturedHepatocytes,″Paris:les Editions INSERM and London:John LibbeyEurotext);Ponsoda.X.等.(2004)″Drug Metabolism By Cultured HumanHepatocytes:How Far Are We From The In Vivo Reality?″Altern.LabAnim.32(2):101-110;Gomez-Lechon,M.J.等.(2004)″HumanHepatocytes In Primary Culture:The Choice To Investigate DrugMetabolism In Man,″Curr.Drug Metab.5(5):443-462;Lemaigre,F.等.(2004)″Liver Development Update:New Embryo Models,Cell LineageControl,And Morphogenesis,″Curr Opin Genet Dev.14(5):582-590;Nanji,A.A.(2004)″Animal Models Of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver DiseaseAnd Steatohepatitis,″Clin Liver Dis.8(3):559-574;Hewitt,N.J.等.(2004)Cryopreserved Rat,Dog And Monkey Hepatocytes:Measurement OfDrug Metabolizing Enzymes In Suspensions And Cultures.″Hum ExpToxicol.23(6):307-316)。
除了它们用于肝脏模型的用途以外,肝细胞还有可能用于生产生物人工肝脏(BAL),或用于肝细胞移植,其能为患有肝脏疾病或肝功能衰竭的个体提供肝功能。生物人工肝脏(BAL)描述于Anand,A.C.(1996)″Bioartificial Livers:The State Of The Art,″Trop Gastroenterol.17(4):197-198,202-211;Gan.J.H.等.(2005)″Hybrid Artificial LiverSupport System For Treatment Of Severe Liver Failure,″World JGastroenterol.11(6):890-894;Fukuda,J.等.(2004)″HepatocyteOrganoid Culture In Elliptic Hollow Fibers To Develop A HybridArtificial Liver,″Int J Artif Organs.27(12):1091-1099;Meng,Q.等.(2004)″Hepatocyte Culture In Bioartificial Livers With DifferentMembrane Characteristics,″Biotechnol Lett.26(18):1407-1412;Sekido,H.等.(2004)″Usefulness OfArtificial Liver Support For PretransplantPatients With Fulminant Hepatic Failure,″Transplant Proc.36(8):2355-2356;WO03/105663A2,WO05/000376A2,和美国专利6,759,245。肝细胞移植描述于Chan,C.等(2004)″Hepatic TissueEngineering For Adjunct And Temporary Liver Support:CriticalTechnologies,″Liver Transpl.10(11):1331-1342;Lee,S.W.等.(2004)″Hepatocyte Transplantation:State Of The Art And Strategies ForOvercoming Existing Hurdles,″Ann.Hepatol.3(2):48-53;Horslen,S.P.(2004)″Hepatocyte Transplantation,″Transplantation 77(10):1481-1486;Burlina,A.B.(2004)″Hepatocyte Transp lantation ForInborn Errors Of Metabolism,″J.Inherit.Metab.Dis.27(3):373-83;和Fox,I.J.等.(2004)Hepatocyte Transplantation,″Am.J.Transplant.4Suppl.6:7-13。
这种模型体系与生物人工肝脏(BAL)的发展中的限制因素是肝细胞、特别是人肝细胞的不稳定的来源和有限利用率。新鲜的肝细胞只有从肝脏切除术或多器官供体的非可移植的肝脏获得(Lloyd,T.D.R.等.(2003)Cryopreservation Of Hepatocytes:A Review Of CurrentMethods For Banking,″Cell and Tissue Culture Banking4:3-15)。这种组织的供应是不固定的,而且由于肝脏组织的功能寿命有限,从地理位置上讲常常是不方便的(Smrzova,J.等.(2001)″Optimization OfPorcine Hepatocytes Cryopreservation By Comparison Of Viability AndEnzymatic Activity Of Fresh And Cryopreserved Cells,″Acta VeterinariaBrunensis70:141-147)。
解决该问题的一种方法涉及开发允许长时间保存肝细胞、同时保留其细胞功能的肝细胞储藏条件。已经开发了用于贮存肝细胞的冷冻保存方法来解决这种需要(参见,Lloyd,T.D.R.等.(2003)Cryopreservation Of Hepatocytes:A Review Of Current Methods ForBanking,″Cell and Tissue Culture Banking4:3-15;Loretz,L.J.等.(1989)″Optimization Of Cryopreservation Procedures For Rat And HumanHepatocytes,″Xenobiotica.19(5):489-498;Shaddock,J.G.等.(1993)″Cryopreservation And Long-Term Storage Of Primary Rat Hepatocytes:Effects On Substrate-Specific CytochromeP450-Dependent ActivitiesAnd Unscheduled DNA Synthesis,″Cell Biol Toxicol.9(4):345-357;Novicki,D.L.等.(1982)″Cryopreservation Of Isolated RatHepatocytes,″In Vitro.18(4):393-399;Zaleski,J.等.(1993)″Preservation Of The Rate And Profile Of Xenobiotic Metabolism In RatHepatocytes Stored In Liquid Nitrogen,″Biochem Pharmacol.46(1):111-116)。通常,这些措施包括在液氮(-196℃)或冷冻的氮气(-150℃)中贮藏。已经发现有存活力的解冻细胞回收的能力取决于多种因素如冷冻速度、肝细胞的浓度、使用的冷冻保护剂的种类、和最终冷却温度。一般使用106-107细胞/ml的细胞浓度。分离的肝细胞一般在悬浮液中孵育一段时间(例如,4-48小时),以允许它们通过分离处理中回收。此后,添加冷冻保护剂(如甘油、DMSO、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮或葡聚糖),并冷冻肝细胞。本领域已经开发了各种冷冻方法,均用来最小化或预防细胞内结冰的发生。冷冻速度一般为-0.05℃/min到-50℃/min(参见,Lloyd,T.D.R.等(2003)Cryopreservation OfHepatocytes:A Review Of Current Methods For Banking,″Cell andTissue Culture Banking 4:3-15)。
虽然用于肝细胞贮藏的冷冻保存方法的开发已经显著地促进了人类肝细胞的利用率,但是已经发现冷冻保存会导致细胞存活力显著降低(例如,25-35%)(Dou,M.等.(1992)″Thawed Human Hepatocytes InPrimary Culture,″Cryobiology29:454-469;Alexandre,E.等.(2002)″Cryopreservation Of Adult Human Hepatocytes Obtained FromResected Liver Biopsies,″Cryobiology44:103-113)。Coundouris,J.A.等(1993)报道24小时之后存活力为67%,14天之后降低到49%(Coundouris,J.A.等.(1993)″Cryopreservation Of HumanAdultHepatocytes For Use In Drug Metabolism And Toxicity Studies.″Xenobiotica.23(12):1399-1409)。Adams,R.M.等已经报道,利用特定的冷冻保存液体能使肝细胞的存活力提高到大于90%,但是,发现只有16%的细胞能复制(Adams,R.M.等(1995)″EffectiveCryopreservation And Long-Terns Storage Of Primary HumanHepatocytes With Recovery Of Viability,Differentiation,And ReplicativePotential,″Cell Transplant.4(6):579-586)。冷冻保存方法在美国专利5,795,711,6,136,525,5,895,745;国际专利公开WO04/009766,WO92/12722,WO/0153462,欧洲专利EP0834252B,和美国专利申请公开号US20020039786A1,US20030134418A1中公开。当继续冷冻保存时,较差的细胞回收限制了肝细胞在体外肝脏模型中的应用。
影响新鲜和冷冻保存的肝细胞应用的第二个主要问题是肝脏酶表达的差异性,其在来自不同供体的组织中观察到(Li.A.P.等(1999)″Present Status Of The Application Of CryopreservedHepatocytes In The Evaluation Of Xenobiotics:Consensus Of AnInternational Expert Panel,″Chem Biol Interact.121(1):117-123;Li,A.P.等.(1999)″Copreserved Human Hepatocytes:Characterization OfDrug-Metabolizing Enzyme Activities And Applications In HigherThroughput Screening Assays For Hepatotoxicity,Metabolic Stability,And Drug-Drug Interaction Potential,″Chem Biol Interact.121(1):17-35;O′Brien,Z.Z.等.(未标明日期)″The Construction Of A RepresentativeHuman Cryopreserved Hepatocyte Pool For Metabolism Study,″www.lionscience.com.repository/ISSX-2002.pdf)。对这种样本差异性的一个解决方法是,合并来自不同来源的样本,以产生具有“平均”肝细胞特征的“组合的”肝细胞制品。但是,已经提到接收新鲜组织的频率和分离以后需要立即冷冻保存肝细胞会妨碍肝细胞库的制备。因此,许多公司(例如,Xenotech,LLC;BD Biosciences)并不销售组合的肝细胞,从而迫使最终用户解冻和混合来自几个不同供体的肝细胞。即使合并的冷冻保存的人类肝细胞是一种用于新陈代谢研究的有效模型,但是这种困难仍然存在(Zhang,J.G.等.(未标明日期)″ValidationOf Pooled Cryopreserved Human Hepatocytes As A Model For MetabolicStudies.(http://www.bdbiosciences.com/discovery_labware/gentest/products/pdf/S04T126.pdf)。
因此,尽管有这些现有技术进展,但是仍然需要能使肝细胞可用于医学研究及其他目的的处理方法。此外还需要稳定而且可重复的人类肝细胞的来源。本发明允许生产和利用可以重复冷冻保存和解冻而没有不可接受的存活力丧失的肝细胞制品。本发明因此允许合并多个肝细胞样本以生产合并的肝细胞制品,尤其是合并的冷冻保存的人类肝细胞制品。利用这种进步,合并的冷冻保存的人类肝细胞现在可从In Vitro Technologies(Baltimore,MD)购买获得。
发明内容
本发明涉及新的细胞(例如,肝细胞)组合物,及其制备和使用方法。特别地,本发明涉及处理细胞尤其是肝细胞的制品的方法,以使它们能够重复冷冻保存和解冻,同时保持基本的存活力。本发明还涉及已经重复地冷冻保存和解冻的细胞(例如,肝细胞)的制品。
详细地,本发明特别地涉及多次冷冻保存的肝细胞制品,其含有已经冷冻和解冻至少两次的肝细胞,其中所述制品中超过50%、更优选70%或更多的肝细胞是有存活力的。
本发明进一步涉及这种多次冷冻保存的肝细胞制品的实施方案,其中肝细胞选自人类肝细胞、猪肝细胞、猿肝细胞、犬肝细胞、猫肝细胞、牛肝细胞、马肝细胞、羊肝细胞和啮齿类动物肝细胞。
本发明进一步涉及这种多次冷冻保存的肝细胞制品的实施方案,其中该制品包括多种来源的肝细胞的合并制品,这些来源可以具有相同的或不同的性别、种族、或健康状态,或其为合并制品提供所需水平的代谢活性(尤其,其中代谢活性选自COUM、DEX、ECOD、7-HCG、7-HCS、MEPH、TEST、PHEN和CZX)。
本发明进一步涉及生产所需的多次冷冻保存的肝细胞制品的方法,该肝细胞能被冷冻和解冻至少两次,并且其中该制品中超过50%、更优选70%或更多的肝细胞是有存活力的,该方法包括:
(A)将已经冷冻并解冻的肝细胞进行密度梯度分级分离(尤其是Percoll密度离心),以从没有存活力的肝细胞中分离有存活力的肝细胞,
(B)回收分离的有存活力的肝细胞,和
(C)冷冻保存回收的有存活力的肝细胞,从而形成所需的肝细胞制品。
本发明进一步涉及这种方法的实施方案,其中肝细胞选自人类肝细胞、猪肝细胞、猿肝细胞、犬肝细胞、猫肝细胞、牛肝细胞、马肝细胞、羊肝细胞和啮齿类动物肝细胞。
本发明进一步涉及这种方法的实施方案,其中所述制品包括多种来源的肝细胞的合并制品,这些来源可以具有相同的或不同的性别、种族、或健康状态,或其为合并制品提供所需水平的代谢活性(尤其,其中代谢活性选自COUM、DEX、ECOD、7-HCG、7-HCS、MEPH、TEST、PHEN和CZX)。
本发明还涉及一种研究体外药物代谢的方法,包括在存在生物异源物质(xenobiotic)时孵育多次冷冻保存肝细胞制品中的肝细胞,并测定生物异源物质的新陈代谢结局,或生物异源物质对肝细胞或对其酶或代谢活性的影响,其中肝细胞已经冷冻和解冻至少两次,而且其中该制品中超过50%、更优选70%或更多的肝细胞是有存活力的。
特别地,本发明涉及以下各项:
1.一种多次冷冻保存的肝细胞制品,其含有已经冷冻和解冻至少两次的肝细胞,其中所述制品中超过50%的肝细胞是有存活力的。
2.第1项的多次冷冻保存的肝细胞制品,其中所述的肝细胞选自人肝细胞、猪肝细胞、猿肝细胞、犬肝细胞、猫肝细胞、牛肝细胞、马肝细胞、羊肝细胞和啮齿类动物肝细胞。
3.第2项的多次冷冻保存的肝细胞制品,其中所述的肝细胞是人肝细胞。
4.第2项的多次冷冻保存的肝细胞制品,其中所述的制品包括多种来源的肝细胞的合并制品。
5.第4项的多次冷冻保存的肝细胞制品,其中所述的多种来源是相同性别、种族或健康状况的。
6.第4项的多次冷冻保存的肝细胞制品,其中所述肝细胞的合并制品中的肝细胞为所述的合并制品提供所需水平的代谢活性。
7.第6项的多次冷冻保存的肝细胞制品,其中所述的代谢活性选自COUM、DEX、ECOD、7-HCG、7-HCS、MEPH、TEST、PHEN和CZX。
8.第1项的多次冷冻保存的肝细胞制品,其中所述制品中超过70%的肝细胞是有存活力的。
9.第1项的多次冷冻保存的肝细胞制品,其中所述制品中超过80%的肝细胞是有存活力的。
10.一种生产所需的多次冷冻保存的肝细胞制品的方法,所述的肝细胞能被冷冻和解冻至少两次,而且其中所述制品中超过50%的肝细胞是有存活力的,所述方法包括:
(A)对已经冷冻并解冻的肝细胞进行密度梯度分级分离,以从没有存活力的肝细胞中分离出有存活力的肝细胞,
(B)复苏分离的有存活力的肝细胞,和
(C)冷冻保存复苏后的有存活力的肝细胞,从而形成所述的所需肝细胞制品。
11.第10项的方法,其中所述的密度梯度分级分离包括Percoll密度离心。
12.第10项的方法,其中所述的肝细胞选自人类肝细胞、猪肝细胞、猿肝细胞、犬肝细胞、猫肝细胞、牛肝细胞、马肝细胞、羊肝细胞和啮齿类动物肝细胞。
13.第12项的方法,其中所述的肝细胞是人类肝细胞。
14.第10项的方法,其中所述的制品包括多种来源的肝细胞的合并制品。
15.第14项的方法,其中所述的多种来源是相同性别、种族或健康状态的。
16.第14项的方法,其中所述肝细胞的合并制品中的肝细胞为所述的合并制品提供所需水平的代谢活性。
17.第16项的方法,其中所述代谢活性选自COUM、DEX、ECOD、7-HCG、7-HCS、MEPH、TEST、PHEN和CZX。
18.第10项的方法,其中所述制品中超过70%的肝细胞是有存活力的。
19.第10项的方法,其中所述制品中超过80%的肝细胞是有存活力的。
20.一种研究体外药物代谢的方法,包括在存在生物异源物质时孵育多次冷冻保存的肝细胞制品的肝细胞,并测定生物异源物质的新陈代谢结局,或生物异源物质对肝细胞或对其酶或代谢活性的影响,其中肝细胞已经冷冻和解冻至少两次,而且其中所述制品中超过50%的肝细胞是有存活力的。
优选实施方案的描述:
本发明涉及新的细胞组合物及其制备和应用方法。具体地,本发明涉及处理细胞制品以使它们能够重复冷冻保存和解冻、同时保持基本的存活力的方法。本发明的方法通常适用于多种细胞类型,包括肝细胞、肾细胞、脾细胞、胸腺细胞、骨髓细胞、干细胞、肌细胞(包括心肌细胞)、内分泌细胞(包括胰腺细胞、肾上腺细胞、甲状腺细胞,等等)、表皮细胞、内胚层细胞,等等。下面根据优选的细胞类型:肝细胞来举例说明本发明的方法。
本发明还涉及为了获得可用于各种试验、诊断和治疗目的的高存活力制品而已经重复冷冻保存和解冻的细胞(例如肝细胞)的制品。本发明扩展了肝细胞被冷冻保存和解冻以备随后使用的能力,以使肝细胞制品能够被重复地冷冻保存和解冻而没有不可接受的存活力丧失。
如这里使用的,术语“细胞制品”表示来自一个或多个来源的细胞的液体或冷冻组合物(例如,“肝细胞制品”表示来自一个或多个来源的肝细胞的组合物)。该来源可以是通过切除术、活检从组织或从供体器官解离或分离的初级细胞,或者它们可以是次级的、无限增殖的或转化的细胞培养物。这些细胞可以来源于任何哺乳动物来源,包括人类、猪、猿、犬、猫、牛、马、羊或者啮齿类动物来源。优选使用人类、猪或者啮齿类动物(尤其是大鼠)细胞。优选地,这些制品中的超过50%、更优选70%或更多的肝细胞是有存活力的。
如这里使用的,术语“多次冷冻保存的细胞制品”表示已经冷冻、而后解冻至少两次的细胞制品(例如,“多次冷冻保存的肝细胞制品”表示已经冷冻、而后解冻至少两次的肝细胞制品)。这种制品可以已经被冷冻和解冻三、四、五次或更多次。
术语“合并制品”表示细胞(例如,肝细胞)制品,其中细胞(例如,肝细胞)来源于两种、三种、四种、五种或更多种不同的来源,如不同的供体,来自不同组织样本或不同的组织来源的活检、组织切除,或不同的初级、次级、无限增殖化或转化细胞(例如,肝细胞)培养物。这种合并制品的细胞可以是随机选择的细胞,或可以选择为给合并制品提供所需水平的一种或多种新陈代谢活性(例如,具有所需水平的COUM、DEX、ECOD、7-HCG、7-HCS、MEPH、TEST、PHEN和/或CZX活性的肝细胞制品),或所需的细胞特性(如,例如,来源于相同性别、年龄、种族(例如,高加索人,等等)或健康状态(例如,感染肝炎病毒的肝脏的肝细胞,感染HIV-1的肝脏的肝细胞,健康肝脏的肝细胞,吸烟者的肝细胞,患有肝硬化或其他疾病或病症的个体的肝细胞)的来源的肝细胞的制品)。例如,为了获得具有最低DEX活性的合并的肝细胞制品,可以由批号067、CEK、ETR、PFM、VTA或WWM制备合并制品(参见,表III)。
在一个优选的实施方案中,以肝细胞为例说明,本发明的实施包括下列步骤中的某些或全部:分离肝细胞;第一次冷冻保存分离的初级肝细胞,以获得第一次冷冻保存的肝细胞制品;解冻第一次冷冻保存的肝细胞制品,以获得有存活力的肝细胞;并再处理(reformulation)解冻的活肝细胞,以允许它们通过重复冷冻保存和解冻进一步地贮藏和使用,而获得有存活力的肝细胞。
肝细胞的分离
任何各种方法都可以使用或修改后来分离用于本发明的初级肝细胞。例如,用于分离肝细胞的适合的技术描述于Morsiani等,(1995)″Automated Liver Cell Processing Facilitates Large Scale Isolation AndPurification Of Porcine Hepatocytes,″ASAIO Journa l41:155-161和Seglen,P.O.(1976)″Preparation Of Isolated Rat Liver Cells,″Meth.Cell Biol.13:29-83)。特别参考在Li,A.P.等(1992)″Isolation AndCulturing Of Hepatocytes From Human Liver,″J.Tissue Cult.Meth.14:139-146中描述的两步胶原酶消化方法。
肝细胞可以培养在任何适合的肝细胞培养基中。作为举例说明而非限制,可以提到下列培养基:Chee必需培养基(Hamilton,G.A.等.(2001)″Effects Of Medium Composition On The Morphology AndFunctionOf Rat Hepatocytes Cultured As Spheroids And Monolayers,″InVitro Cell Dev Biol Anim.37(10):656-667;Zurlo,J.等.(1996)″Characterization Of A PrimaryHepatocyte Culture System ForToxicological Studies,″In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim.32(4):211-220;Arterburn,L.M.等.(1995)″A Morphological Study Of DifferentiatedHepatocytes In Vitro,″Hepatology22(1):175-187),改进的Eagle培养基(或Dulbecco改进的Eagle培养基)(Arikura,J.等.(2002)″UW Solution:A Promising Tool For Cryopreservation Of Primarily Isolated RatHepatocytes,″J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg.9(6):742-749;Washizu,J.等.(2000)″Amino Acid Supplementation Improves Cell-SpecificFunctions Of The Rat Hepatocytes Exposed To Human Plasma,″TissueEng.6(5):497-504;Iwata,H.等.(1999)″In Vitro Evaluation OfMetabolic Functions Of A Bioartificial Liver,″ASAIO J.45(4):299-306;Stutenkemper,R.等.(1992)″The Hepatocyte-Specific Phenotype OfMurine Liver Cells Correlates With High Expression Of Connexin32 AndConnexin26 But Very Low Expression Of Connexin43,″Exp Cell Res.201(1):43-54),Leibowitz培养基(Coundouris,J.A.等.(1993)″Cryopreservation Of Human Adult Hepatocytes For Use In DrugMetabolism And Toxicity Studies,″Xenobiotica.23(12):1399-1409),Waymouth(Vind,C.等.(1992)″Regulation By Growth Hormone AndGlucocorticoid Of Testosterone Metabolism In Long-Term Cultures OfHepatocytes From Male And Female Rats,″Biochem Pharmacol.44(8):1523-1528;Nemoto,N.等.(1991)″Proline Is Required ForTranscriptional Control Of The Aromatic Hydrocarbon InducibleP(1)450 Gene In C57BL/6 Mouse Monolayer-Cultured Hepatocytes,″JpnJ Cancer Res.82(8):901-908;Dich,J.等.(1988)″Long-Term Culture OfHepatocytes:Effect Of Hormones On Enzyme Activities And MetabolicCapacity,″Hepatology.8(1):39-45;Goethals,F.等.(1984)″CriticalBiochemical Functions Of Isolated Hepatocytes As Sensitive IndicatorsOf Chemical Toxicity,″Fundam Appl Toxicol.4(3Pt1):441-450),Kreb培养基(House,J.D.(2001)″Threonine Metabolism In Isolated RatHepatocytes,″Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab.281(6):E1300-1307;Irvine,F.等.(1993)″Extracellular Calcium Modulates Insulin′s ActionOn Enzymes Controlling Cyclic AMP Metabolism In Intact Hepatocytes,″Biochem J.293(Pt 1):249-253;Marsh,D.C.等.(1991)″HypothermicPreservation Of Hepatocytes.III.Effects Of Resuspension Media OnViability After Up To 7 Days Of Storage,″Hepatology13(3):500-508),等等。
在一个优选的实施方案中,肝细胞冷冻保存在含有大约10%DMSO和大约90%胎牛血清的培养基中(Loretz,L.J.等.(1989)″Optimization Of Cryopreservation Procedures For Rat And HumanHepatocytes,″Xenobiotica 19:489-498;Ruegg,C.E.等.(1997)″Cytochrome-P450 Induction and Conjugated Metabolism In PrimaryHuman Hepatocytes After Cryopreservation,″In Vitro Toxicol.10:217-222)。
分离的肝细胞的存活力可以使用任何类型的方法进行测定。优选使用台盼蓝排除法测定这种存活力(参见,例如,Berry,M.N.等(1992)″Techniques For Pharmacological And Toxicological Studies WithIsolated Hepatocyte Suspensions,″Life Sci.51(1):I-16)。因此,如这里使用的短语“有存活力的肝细胞”或“百分存活率”指如使用台盼蓝排除法确定的肝细胞存活率。
分离的初级肝细胞的冷冻保存
本发明的肝细胞优选使用液氮冷冻保存,而且最优选在其分离的36小时内冷冻保存。对人类肝细胞的冷冻保存在Lloyd,T.D.R.等(2003)Cryopreservation Of Hepatocytes:A Review Of Current MethodsFor Banking,″Cell and Tissue Culture Banking4:3-15中论述。用于肝细胞冷冻保存的适合的方法也可在下列文献中找到:Adams,R.M.等(1995)″Effective Cryopreservation And Long-Term Storage Of PrimaryHuman Hepatocytes With Recovery Of Viability,Differentiation,AndReplicative Potential,″Cell Transplant.4(6):579-586;Chesne,C.等.(1993)″Viability And Function In Primary Culture Of Adult HepatocytesFrom Various Animal Species And Human Beings AfterCryopreservation,″Hepatology18(2):406-414;Coundouris,J.A.等.(1993)″Cryopreservation Of Human Adult Hepatocytes For Use In DrugMetabolism And Toxicity Studies,″Xenobiotica.23(12):1399-1409;Hewitt,N.J.等.(2004)Cryopreserved Rat Dog And Monkey Hepatocytes:Measurement Of Drug Metabolizing Enzymes In SuspensionsAndCultures,″Hum Exp Toxicol.23(6):307-316;Novicki,D.L.等.(1982)″Cryopreservation Of Isolated Rat Hepatocytes,″In Vitro.18(4):393-399;Shaddock,J,G.等.(1993)″Cryopreservation And Long-Term Storage OfPrimary Rat Hepatocytes:Effects On Substrate-Specific CytochromeP450-Dependent Activities And Unscheduled DNA Synthesis,″Cell BiolToxicol.9(4):345-357;Zaleski,J.等.(1993)″Preservation Of The RateAnd Profile Of Xenobiotic Metabolism In Rat Hepatocytes Stored InLiquid Nitrogen,″Biochem Pharmacol.46(1):111-116。
优选地,分离的肝细胞悬浮在冷冻保护培养基中,并将悬浮的细胞分装到冷冻-安全容器中。冷冻保护培养基一般包括肝细胞培养基,其含有至少一种使冷冻保存的有害作用(如在冷冻过程中形成细胞内结冰)最小化的冷冻保护剂。作为例子而非限制,列出了下列常用的冷冻保护剂:二甲亚砜(DMSO)、聚乙二醇、氨基酸、丙二醇和甘油。本发明的一种优选冷冻保护剂是DMSO。用于肝细胞冷冻保存的适合的冷冻保护剂和方法可见,例如:Lore,L.J.等(1989)″OptimizationOf Cryopreservation Procedures For Rat And Human Hepatocytes,″Xenobiotica.19(5):489-498;Chesne,C.等.(1993)″Viability AndFunction In Primary Culture Of Adult Hepatocytes From Various AnimalSpecies And Human Beings After Cryopreservation,″Hepatology18(2):406-414;Diener,B.等.(1993)″A Method For TheCryopreservation Of Liver Parenchymal Cells For Studies OfXenobiotics,″Cryobiology30(2):116-127;Lawrence,J.N.等.(1991)″Development Of An Optimal Method For The Cryopreservation OfHepatocytes And Their Subsequent Monolayer Culture.Toxicology InVitro,″5(1):39-51;Houle,R.等.(2003)″Retention of TransporterActivities in Cryopreserved,Isolated Rat Hepatocytes,″Drug Metab.Disposit.31(4):447-451;Silva,J.M.等.(1999)″Induction OfCytochrome-P450 In Cryopreserved Rat And Human Hepatocytes,″Chem-Biol Interact 121:49-63。
分离的肝细胞优选悬浮于准备用于冷冻的冷冻保护培养基中。悬浮的细胞优选地以大约105细胞/ml到大约4×107细胞/ml的细胞密度分装到抗冷冻容器中。优选的冷冻体积范围为0.1-10.0ml。优选的冷冻体积是1.0ml。
分装的肝细胞然后优选使用控制速度的冷冻过程进行冷冻保存,最优选以大约-1℃/min到大约-25℃/min的冷冻速度冷冻保存,直到达到大约-90℃的最终温度。在冷冻保存过程的初始阶段,可以使用引晶(seeding)在已经冷却到培养基冰点以下的细胞悬液中诱导控制的结晶或结冰。这种引晶用来使与结冰相关的损害最小化,并因此有益于细胞存活力。适合的引晶方法包括将冷的金属棒插入到冷冻容器中,并向冷冻容器中引入液氮。
一旦已经达到要求的最终温度,即可将冷冻的细胞样本转入到液氮冷冻机中进行长期储存。冷冻的样本可以在液氮相或在液氮的气相中贮藏。优选在液氮的气相中贮藏。冷冻的样本可以这种方式贮藏几天、几个月或几年,在液氮的气相中贮藏的时间长度对解冻后的存活力与功能具有很小的影响。
冷冻保存的肝细胞的解冻
可以通过从存在的液氮或液氮蒸汽中移出冷冻的样本,对其进行解冻而用于进一步处理。优选通过把样本立即置于温度为大约37℃到大约42℃的预热水浴中对冷冻样本进行解冻。优选地,细胞至少解冻到当样本容器倒置时可以移去冰块的阶段。然后优选迅速地处理解冻的细胞,以从与DMSO的接触中移出细胞,例如通过Percoll梯度离心(如下所述)或通过连续洗涤。
在一个优选的实施方案中,将细胞解冻到完全InVitroGRO CP培养基中(In Vitro Technologies,Baltimore,MD;Roymans,D.等.(2004)″Determination Of Cytochrome P450 1A2 And Cytochrome P4503a4Induction In Cryopreserved Human Hepatocytes,″Biochem Pharmacol.67(3):427-437)。培养基如下制备:在水浴中解冻Torpedo抗生素混合物(In Vitro Technologies,Baltimore MD)到37℃直到解冻,然后从水浴中移出。然后将1.0ml Torpedo抗生素混合物与45ml InVitroGROCP培养基混合。在添加Torpedo抗生素混合物后,完全培养基的储藏期限是7天。当解冻单个小瓶时,将InVitroGRO CP培养基预热到大约37℃。添加5ml加热的InVitroGRO CP培养基到无菌的50ml锥形管中。从冷冻器中小心地移出冷冻的肝细胞小瓶。如果小瓶贮藏在液相中,则小心地除去它的盖子,轻轻除去小瓶中存在的任何液氮,而且在把小瓶置于水浴中之前把盖子重新盖上。优选地,然后立即把小瓶浸入37℃水浴中,并轻轻地摇晃小瓶直到冰块完全融解,但是不要长于使小瓶完全解冻所花的时间。从小瓶上除去任何标签,以便更容易地观察到小瓶的内含物可能是有帮助的。然后将解冻的内容物注入到预热的InVitroGRO CP培养基中。然后将1.0ml预热的InVitroGRO CP培养基加入到每个小瓶中,以重悬任何剩余的细胞。然后倒出小瓶的内含物,或移液到肝细胞悬浮液中。肝细胞优选通过轻轻地倒置接收容器(例如,小瓶、试管,等等)几(例如,3)次来重悬。
当解冻多个小瓶时,优选地将所有的小瓶同时在水浴中解冻。如前所述,培养基(优选地,InVitroGRO CP培养基)应该加热到37℃。需要保证有足够的培养基,以允许5ml预热的InVitroGRO CP培养基用于每小瓶的冷冻保存肝细胞。在小瓶已经解冻之后,应该迅速地除去其盖子,并将其内含物注入到无菌管中或烧杯中,其中每个解冻的小瓶至少含有5ml预热的InVitroGRO CP培养基。例如,25ml培养基优选用于在可以容纳50ml体积的容器中的5个小瓶。
如果需要,可以使用台盼蓝排除法来测定总细胞数和活细胞数。可以用InVitroGRO CP培养基将细胞稀释到0.70×106活细胞/ml。
再处理解冻的肝细胞以允许进一步冷冻保存和解冻
本发明的一个方面涉及再处理解冻细胞的能力,以便它们可以在一个或多个随后的时机再冷冻和再解冻。这种多次冷冻保存的肝细胞制品具有许多用途。它们可用于生物人工肝脏、肝脏细胞移植、肝脏辅助医疗装置、肝细胞移植和体外应用。特别地,多次冷冻保存的肝细胞制品可用于体外药物代谢研究(例如,用于鉴定具有独特特征(例如,新陈代谢多态性、遗传多态性,等等)的肝细胞),用于研究生物异源物质的新陈代谢结局,研究生物异源物质在改变肝细胞的药物代谢酶模式中的作用,用于测定生物异源物质对肝脏酶与功能(例如胆固醇代谢)的IC50的抑制研究,用于生物异源物质的基因诱导研究,用于生物异源物质的蛋白质诱导研究,用于生物异源物质对肝细胞的毒性评价,生物异源物质的转运研究(例如研究P-糖蛋白转运系统、有机离子转运体、有机阳离子转运体,等等),用于生物异源物质的新陈代谢清除研究,用于功效分析(例如脂蛋白加工、糖异生、蛋白质分泌等等)。多次冷冻保存的肝细胞制品还可用于研究或繁殖肝炎病毒及其他感染病毒和传染物。复苏的细胞可以再处理以用于DNA、mRNA或蛋白质组研究,或用于新陈代谢多态性的研究。多次冷冻保存的肝细胞制品也可用于新陈代谢清除研究和功效分析(例如,脂蛋白加工、糖异生、蛋白质分泌等等)。可再处理细胞用于接种大规模孵育的生物反应器,或作为模型用于经由微RNA的基因调节,或用于与其他细胞类型(例如来自肝脏的非实质细胞或来自其他来源的细胞,例如Caco-2细胞)一起的联合系统。
在本发明的优选实施方案中,这种再处理包括,在下一次再冷冻之前,分离有存活力的细胞和没有存活力的细胞。密度梯度离心优选用于该目的。例如,可以使用30%Percoll梯度离心方法(Madan,A.等.(1999)″Effect of Cryopreservation on Cytochrome P-450 EnzymeInduction in Cultured Rat Hepatocytes,″Drug Metab.Dispos.27(3):327-335;Sun,E.L.等.(1990)″Cryopreservation Of CynomologusMonkey(Macaca fascicularis)Hepatocytes For Subsequent Culture AndProtein Synthesis Studies,″In vitro Cell Development and Biology25:147-150;Lawrence,J.N.等.(1991)″Development Of An OptimalMethod For The Cryopreservation Of Hepatocytes And Their SubsequentMonolayer Culture.Toxicology In Vitro,″5(1):39-51;Dou,M.等.(1992)″Thawed Human Hepatocytes In Primary Culture,″Cryobiology29(4):454-69;Utesch,D.等.(1992)″Characterization Of CryopreservedRat Liver Parenchymal Cells By Metabolism Of Diagnostic SubstratesAnd Activities Of Related Enzymes,″Biochemical Pharmacology44:309-315。例如,解冻的细胞可以重悬在预热的(大约37℃)30%Percoll等渗分级分离缓冲液中,然后于室温以100×g离心二十分钟,来沉淀活细胞。弃掉上清夜,并把细胞重悬于培养基中,直接用于随后的冷冻保存步骤,或在冷冻保存之前进一步处理。
将先前冷冻-解冻的制品进行冷冻而产生的冷冻保存制品将优选具有大于50%、更优选70%或以上的解冻后细胞存活力。这种高存活力使本发明能实现肝细胞的反复冻融,而没有不可接受的细胞损失或不需要更大的样本来源。
合并的肝细胞制品
本发明使肝细胞能够反复冻融的能力另外促进了合并的肝细胞制品的生产,尤其是合并的人类肝细胞制品的生产。如上所讨论的,个体肝脏样本产生具有不同新陈代谢能力的肝细胞。为了促进肝细胞的可重复使用或研究,需要通过合并来自不同来源的肝细胞,以获得组合的或“平均”肝细胞制品,来使因这种样本差异性引起的肝细胞差异最小化。因此可制备这种组合的肝细胞制品,以便提供具有“平均”肝细胞样本的新陈代谢活性的制品,或其肝细胞酶功能接近新鲜分离的肝细胞的制品。这样的新陈代谢活性可包括,例如,下列酶活性中的一些或全部:香豆素7-羟化酶(COUM)、右美沙芬O-脱甲基酶(DEX)、7-乙氧基香豆素O-脱乙基酶(ECOD)、负责7-羟基香豆素(7-HCG)的II期代谢作用的活性、负责7-羟基香豆素(7-HCS)的II期代谢作用的活性、美芬妥英4-羟化酶(MEPH)、睾酮6(β)-羟化酶(TEST)、甲苯磺丁脲4-羟化酶(TOLB)、非那西丁O-脱乙基酶(PHEN)或氯唑沙宗6-羟化酶(CZX)。表1提供了用于分析这种新陈代谢活性的底物、测量方法和分析单位。
例如,优选的合并的肝细胞制品将在表II确定的范围内产生测定值。可替代地,可以选择用于形成合并制品的肝细胞样本,以便相对于其他的功能最大化、最小化或加强某些肝细胞功能,以产生显示用户需要的肝细胞功能模式的合并制品。
本发明的合并的肝细胞制品可包括在不同时间获自相同来源、或获自两种或更多种不同来源的肝细胞。优选地,合并的肝细胞制品将由合并获自三、四、五、六或更多种不同来源的肝细胞产生。
最优选地,本发明的合并的肝细胞制品包括至少一个在合并之前冷冻保存的肝细胞群体。例如,合并的肝细胞制品可包括一个或多个肝细胞样本,该肝细胞样本在与一个或多个新分离的肝细胞样本合并之前被冷冻保存。可替代地,合并的肝细胞制品可只包括预先冷冻保存的肝细胞样本。表II提供了正常范围(即,每个分析中介于分析最小值与分析最大值之间的范围)。表II中的值是最后150+组冷冻保存的人肝细胞得到的数据。
在本发明的某些实施方案中,肝细胞制品将具有以下分析中的至少3个、优选至少4个、更优选至少6个、最优选至少8个的上述范围内的分析值:COUM分析;DEX分析;ECOD分析;7-HCG分析;7-HCS分析;MEPH分析;TEST分析;TOLB分析;PHEN分析;CZX分析。
如果需要,可以将冷冻保存的肝细胞平板接种到胶原包被的组织培养平板上,或其他胞外基质蛋白包被的组织培养平板上,所述胞外基质蛋白包括但不限于层粘连蛋白、纤连蛋白、巢蛋白、聚L-赖氨酸、明胶或其任何组合。优选地,这伴随着将适当体积(例如,0.2ml到2.5ml)的稀释细胞(例如,浓度为大约0.7×106细胞/ml的细胞)稀释到该平板上。为了接种到96孔微量滴定板上,需要进一步用InVitroGROCP培养基稀释细胞悬液到0.35×106细胞/ml的浓度,并将100μl细胞悬液加到每个孔中。在孔中均匀分布细胞是优选的。这可伴随着以往复和左右摇动方式轻轻地摇动平板;利用圆周运动使细胞不均匀地合并在孔的中心。以这种方式处理的人肝细胞将在2-4小时内附着于平板上,但是,如果需要最轻的处理,细胞可以附着过夜。
现在已经对本发明进行了大概的描述,参考下面的实施例将更容易理解本发明,这些实施例是为了例示而提供的,而不是为了限制本发明,除非另有说明。
实施例1
解冻的肝细胞制品的再冷冻
冷冻保存的肝细胞如下所述解冻和再冷冻。
材料:30cc注射器,2个连接器,1L袋的Percoll,2L袋的InVitroGro CP-2培养基,1-2L高压灭菌的烧杯,加热器,水浴锅,离心管架。
步骤:
1)装备一个37-42℃的再循环水浴锅加热器。
2)添加大约200-400ml CP-2培养基到1-2L烧杯中。将生物安全柜配备手工移液管或液体操作机器人。
3)从真空瓶容器中移出大约50个冷冻瓶,并把它们迅速地放置到2个试管架上。当可能时,将小瓶间隔开。
4)把固体的细胞悬液浸没到加热的水浴锅中,直到当倒置小瓶时,冰块可以移去。
5)把细胞悬液从每个小瓶中倒到烧杯中。从小的烧杯中添加1ml InvitroGro CP-2培养基到每个小瓶中,进行漂洗,并把内容物倒到烧杯中。把解冻的细胞悬液转移到1L无菌袋中。
6)把袋子、2L袋中的InvitroGro CP-2培养基和30%装袋的Percoll连到COBE自动细胞处理机上,并按照标准操作规程进行处理。
7)进行细胞计数。
8)冷冻保存细胞悬液。
Percoll/RediGradTM(Amersham Biosciences)用于Percoll密度离心。Percoll由涂有聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)的硅胶组成。RediGradTM制剂也由硅胶组成,但是其硅胶共价地涂有硅烷。这些涂层都被认为使材料无毒,而且是用于生物材料的理想物质(http://www.apczech.cz/pdf/DF_RediGrad.pdf;http://www5.amershambiosciences.com/aptrix/upp00919.nsf/(FileDownload)?OpenAgent&docid=3139FC720067CA6CC1256F360008566F&file=71500870AB.pdf)。两种颗粒的密度为1.13g/ml。在存在Percoll/RediGrad时,样本离心导致密度梯度的自发形成,这是由于培养基中颗粒大小的不均匀性所致。
Percoll/RediGrad最好用于平衡盐溶液,如生理盐水(0.15MNaCl),虽然可使用0.25M蔗糖。添加9份(v/v)Percoll/RediGrad到1份(v/v)1.5M NaCl,10×浓缩细胞培养培养基中,或2.5M蔗糖中,将产生调节到大约340mOs/kg H2O的溶液。可通过调节Percoll/RediGrad与盐或蔗糖溶液的相对体积,来产生不同渗透压的溶液。(Vincent,R.等.(1984)″Adjustment Of The Osmolality Of Percoll Forthe Isopycnic Separation Of Cells And Cell Organelles,″Anal Biochem.141(2):322-328)。可通过添加盐或蒸馏水来最后调节到所需的渗透压。除10×生理盐水以外的浓度也可以令人满意地使用。
在固定角转头中离心15分钟以后,Percoll/RediGrad将形成自发产生的梯度。通过在固定角或吊桶式转头中以50-100gav离心10-30分钟,可分离肝细胞。
实施例2
初级肝细胞样本的差异
为了举例说明单种(非合并的)肝细胞的不同来源的样本间差异,从82个不同的供体分离肝细胞,并分析其细胞存活力与酶功能。评估了以下新陈代谢活性:COUM、DEX、ECOD、7-HCG、7-HCS、MEPH、TEST、TOLB、PHEN和CZX。结果显示于表III中。
表III
肝细胞样本的差异
BQL(低于定量极限)TSD(待测)
实施例3
合并的肝细胞的特性
制备了冷冻保存的多批合并的肝细胞,并分析其解冻后的存活力和酶功能。评估了以下新陈代谢活性:COUM、DEX、ECOD、7-HCG、7-HCS、MEPH、TEST、TOLB、PHEN和CZX。
如上所述制备了6批合并的肝细胞,包括5个供体的合并体(pool)或10个供体的合并体。从个体供体中获得肝细胞,然后使用液氮作为冷冻剂将其分批冷冻保存。通过把肝细胞悬浮到冷冻安全的小瓶中来完成冷冻保存,该小瓶中包含具有大约10%DMSO和大约90%冷冻保存培养基的培养基。分配的肝细胞然后在控制速度的冷冻器中冷冻,直到达到大约-80℃的最终温度。
为了形成合并的肝细胞制品,解冻各批次,并通过Percoll梯度离心分离活细胞。各个供体冷冻保存肝细胞的小瓶在37℃水浴锅(或者最好提供如30-40℃范围的水浴)中解冻60-90秒。将解冻的细胞倒入到含有30%等渗Percoll和70%CP-2培养基的37℃培养基中。细胞悬液以100g离心20分钟。将活细胞回收到冷冻保存培养基中,并计数。将活细胞稀释到每mL2千万个细胞。制备含有20%DMSO和80%冷冻保存培养基的第二溶液(与上述细胞悬液体积相等)。慢慢地添加20%DMSO和80%冷冻保存培养基到细胞悬液混合物中。该添加需要5-10分钟。得到的混合物是10%DMSO,90%冷冻保存培养基,含有的细胞的浓度为每mL1000万个细胞。该溶液以每小瓶1.0mL等分到冷冻瓶中。细胞然后进行冷冻保存。然后合并来自各批的活细胞,以形成合并的肝细胞制品,其细胞具有期望范围内的功能性分析值。
然后冷冻保存合并的各批。下面的表IV显示了合并的各批的解冻后存活力(“%V”)和酶功能分析的结果。如表III所示,合并体具有79%的平均存活力(S.D.±6%)。
a5-供体批,b10-供体批
为了进行比较,下面的表V显示了冷冻保存(即,进行一个循环的冷冻保存)的81批的解冻后存活力和酶功能分析的总计数据。该数据证实了在个体肝细胞来源中发现的酶功能的批间差异性是很高的。该数据证实了需要使用合并的肝细胞制品提供冷冻保存的细胞,其对于多种酶来说,接近“平均”肝细胞的酶功能。
实施例3
合并的肝细胞在解冻以后的存活力的表征
冷冻保存肝细胞的一般用途是解冻肝细胞,然后把它们与各种生物异源物质一起孵育。为了该目的,肝细胞优选保持它们的存活力至少几个小时。为了检验一批合并的冷冻保存肝细胞随时间的解冻后存活力,将细胞解冻,等分到12孔板的孔中,并在37℃与5%CO2条件下孵育。然后在可达6小时内的时间点测定肝细胞的存活力。表VI显示了该分析的结果,其中,在6小时时,39%的肝细胞保持存活。
a通过台盼蓝法测定的存活率
本说明书中提到的所有出版物和专利都引入本文作为参考,如同每个单独的出版物或专利申请都具体地而且个别地引入作为参考度。
虽然已经结合其特定的实施方案对本发明进行了描述,但是应当理解,能对其进行进一步的修饰,而且本申请的目的是覆盖通常遵循本发明原则的本发明的任何改变、用途或修改,而且包括如本发明所属领域中已知或常规实施的以及可以用于以上所述基本特征的与本公开内容偏离的内容。
Claims (10)
1.一种包含多次冷冻保存的肝细胞的制品。
2.权利要求1所述的制品,其中所述的肝细胞选自人肝细胞、猪肝细胞、猿肝细胞、犬肝细胞、猫肝细胞、牛肝细胞、马肝细胞、羊肝细胞和啮齿类动物肝细胞。
3.权利要求1所述的制品,其中在最后的解冻后没有密度梯度分级分离步骤的情况下,超过约50%的所述肝细胞是有存活力的。
4.权利要求1所述的制品,其中在最后的解冻后没有密度梯度分级分离步骤的情况下,超过约70%的所述肝细胞是有存活力的。
5.权利要求1所述的制品,其中在最后的解冻后没有密度梯度分级分离步骤的情况下,超过约80%的所述肝细胞是有存活力的。
6.权利要求1的制品,其中所述的制品包括多种来源的肝细胞的合并制品。
7.权利要求6的制品,其中所述的多种来源是相同性别、种族或健康状况的。
8.权利要求7的制品,其中所述健康状况选自健康、肝硬化、肝炎、HIV-1和抽烟。
9.权利要求1的制品,其中所述肝细胞具有所需水平的代谢活性。
10.权利要求9的制品,其中所述的代谢活性选自香豆素7-羟化酶(COUM)、右美沙芬O-脱甲基酶(DEX)、7-乙氧基香豆素O-脱乙基酶(ECOD)、负责7-羟基香豆素(7-HCG和7-HCS)的II期代谢作用的活性、美芬妥英4-羟化酶(MEPH)、睾酮6(β)-羟化酶(TEST)、甲苯磺丁脲4-羟化酶(TOLB)、非那西丁O-脱乙基酶(PHEN)或氯唑沙宗6-羟化酶(CZX)。
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EP2479259A3 (en) | 2012-08-01 |
EP2479259A2 (en) | 2012-07-25 |
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US20100075294A1 (en) | 2010-03-25 |
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AU2006240454B2 (en) | 2010-07-22 |
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ES2389099T3 (es) | 2012-10-23 |
AU2006240454A1 (en) | 2006-11-02 |
CN101501186A (zh) | 2009-08-05 |
US20050239042A1 (en) | 2005-10-27 |
CA2604693A1 (en) | 2006-11-02 |
PL1891208T3 (pl) | 2012-11-30 |
HK1113689A1 (en) | 2008-10-10 |
EP1891208B1 (en) | 2012-06-06 |
JP2008539697A (ja) | 2008-11-20 |
EP2479259B1 (en) | 2023-11-22 |
LT2479259T (lt) | 2024-03-12 |
EP2218777A1 (en) | 2010-08-18 |
EP1891208A2 (en) | 2008-02-27 |
US7604929B2 (en) | 2009-10-20 |
CA2604693C (en) | 2012-08-14 |
AU2010235914A1 (en) | 2010-11-11 |
DK1891208T3 (da) | 2012-07-16 |
PT1891208E (pt) | 2012-06-20 |
US20100075295A1 (en) | 2010-03-25 |
FI2479259T3 (fi) | 2024-02-20 |
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