CN103271234B - Pelteobagrus fulvidraco finishing period mixed feed and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Pelteobagrus fulvidraco finishing period mixed feed and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN103271234B CN103271234B CN201310241526.4A CN201310241526A CN103271234B CN 103271234 B CN103271234 B CN 103271234B CN 201310241526 A CN201310241526 A CN 201310241526A CN 103271234 B CN103271234 B CN 103271234B
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco finishing period mixed feed and preparation method thereof, this feed is by steam fish meal, dehulled soybean meal, dephenolization cottonseed protein, the 200 type dish dregs of rice, corn protein powder, marigold residue, Strong flour, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, fish oil, soyabean lecithin oil, salt, mannosan, vitamin C, choline, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, calcium pantothenate, nicotinic acid, biotin, folic acid, vitamin B12, inositol, vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K, magnesium sulfate, copper sulphate, ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, KI, cobalt chloride, the raw materials such as sodium selenite are made by a certain percentage.The present invention fills a prescription rationally, rich in nutrition content, and the digestibility of feed is high, and water pollution is little, can meet the nutrition of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, resisting stress and disease-resistant demand, and the yellow catfish growing of cultivation is fast, and survival rate is high, and body colour is close to the Pelteobagrus fulvidraco under wild environment.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of aquatic fish breeding feed, particularly a kind of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco finishing period mixed feed and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Pelteobagrus fulvidraco is commonly called as Huang Lading, yellow bone fish etc., for the high-quality wild fish of China's rivers and lakes, be distributed widely in the 20 each natural water areas of Duo Ge provinces and cities such as Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Shandong, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Liaoning, Heilungkiang, Sichuan, Yunnan, Qinghai.Pelteobagrus fulvidraco fine and tender taste, meat flavour be delicious, nutritious, deeply like by consumer.In recent years, because from natural water body, amount of fishing reduces gradually, and market demand day by day increased, and Pelteobagrus fulvidraco cultivation scale increases gradually.But by the impact of factors, cultivation Pelteobagrus fulvidraco anti-stress ability and premunition poor; If do not add pigment, the Pelteobagrus fulvidraco body colour propagated artificially and wild Pelteobagrus fulvidraco difference large.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome in prior art propagate Pelteobagrus fulvidraco stress ability artificially and premunition poor, body colour and the large defect of wild Pelteobagrus fulvidraco difference, provide a kind of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco finishing period mixed feed, the present invention additionally provides the preparation method of described feed simultaneously.
In order to realize foregoing invention object, the invention provides following technical scheme:
A kind of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco finishing period mixed feed, the following composition primarily of percentage by weight is made:
Inlet steam fish meal 25%-33%, dehulled soybean meal 10%-21%, dephenolization cottonseed protein 5%-15%, 200 type dish dregs of rice 2%-8%, Strong flour 18%-22%, corn protein powder 5%-10%, marigold residue 3%-5%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1.5%-2.5%, fish oil 2%-3%, soyabean lecithin oil 1.5%-2.5%, salt 0.1%-0.3%, mannosan 0.05%-0.1%, vitamin premix 0.4%-0.6%, mineral element premix 0.4%-0.6%.
Containing vitamin C, vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, Vitamin K3, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, biotin (biotin), inositol, folic acid, nicotinic acid, calcium pantothenate and choline in described vitamin premix, carrier is defatted rice bran.
Sulfur acid copper, ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, magnesium sulfate, KI, cobalt chloride and sodium selenite in described mineral element premix, carrier is zeolite powder.
The present invention is by improved formulations, and obtained Pelteobagrus fulvidraco finishing period mixed feed comprehensive nutrition, meets the nutritional need of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco finishing period; Resisting stress and the resistance against diseases of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco is strengthened by adding mannosan, vitamin C and vitamin E etc.; By adding dephenolization cottonseed protein, corn protein powder, marigold residue etc. meet Pelteobagrus fulvidraco body colour close to technicolour demand.
The present invention additionally provides the preparation method of above-mentioned Pelteobagrus fulvidraco finishing period mixed feed simultaneously.
A kind of step preparing Pelteobagrus fulvidraco finishing period mixed feed is as follows:
(1) vitamin premix is prepared: take vitamin C, choline, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, calcium pantothenate, nicotinic acid, biotin, folic acid, vitamin B12, inositol, vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K in proportion, make carrier with defatted rice bran and mix;
(2) mineral element premix is prepared: take magnesium sulfate, copper sulphate, ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, KI, cobalt chloride, sodium selenite in proportion, make carrier with zeolite powder and mix;
(3) steam fish meal, dehulled soybean meal, dephenolization cottonseed protein, the 200 type dish dregs of rice, Strong flour, corn protein powder, marigold residue, calcium dihydrogen phosphate is taken in proportion, fish oil, soyabean lecithin oil, salt, mannosan, vitamin premix, mineral element premix;
(4) steam fish meal, dehulled soybean meal, dephenolization cottonseed protein, the 200 type dish dregs of rice, marigold residue are carried out first time respectively and pulverize, smashing fineness is 90% by 40 mesh sieves;
(5) the inlet steam fish meal that will process through step (4), dehulled soybean meal, dephenolization cottonseed protein, the 200 type dish dregs of rice, marigold residue, and corn protein powder, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, mixing, carries out second time pulverization process, and smashing fineness is 95% by 80 orders;
(6) mixture that obtains and Strong flour, soyabean lecithin oil, salt, mannosan, vitamin premix, mineral element premix will be processed through step (5), carry out second time mixing, mixture homogeneity CV%≤10%(measures according to GB GB5917-86);
(7) material mixed is carried out expanded granulation, dry;
(8) dry the feed granules spraying fish oil of gained to step (7), and cool, feed temperature is not higher than environment temperature 10 DEG C;
(9) metering packing.
Further, in described step (4), second time pulverization process adopts ultramicro grinding process.
By ultramicro grinding and expanded granulation, the digestibility of feed can be improved, reduce water pollution, and then accelerate the speed of growth, raising survival rate.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention:
1) adopting quality raw materials, is fully ensure product quality.
This product employs inlet steam fish meal, dehulled soybean meal, dephenolization cottonseed protein, the 200 type dish dregs of rice, corn protein powder etc., is high-quality protein raw material, is more conducive to Pelteobagrus fulvidraco healthy growth, and the Pelteobagrus fulvidraco that makes to feed has good physique, and nutritive value is higher.
2) add vitamin C, vitamin E, choline, mannosan, strengthen Pelteobagrus fulvidraco resisting stress and resistance against diseases.
3) add fish oil and soyabean lecithin oil, meet the demand of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco to unrighted acid and phosphatide.
4) add dephenolization cottonseed protein, corn protein powder and marigold residue, provide natural colouring matter, cultivation Pelteobagrus fulvidraco body colour is close to natural colour.
Wild Pelteobagrus fulvidraco food is mainly small fish, shrimp, various Lu Sheng and aquatic insect (particularly chironomus larvas), small flexible animal and other aquatic invertebrate, is food meat fish.Due to algae and the planktonic organism of being rich in carotenoid in a large number of having ingested, body colour is more bright-coloured, and under normal circumstances for there is blackspot on side, remainder is yellow.
Avoid in the present invention's formula and use artificial synthetic coloring matter, eliminate the safety problem that Prof. Du Yucang colouring agent brings, the application of natural colorant is simultaneously provided with the dual-use function of general pigment and nutritive additive, and this produces significant to the safe and high quality propagating Pelteobagrus fulvidraco artificially.
5) take ultramicro grinding technique, increase the digestibility of feed
Because aquatic livestock food ration is little, alimentary canal is short, and digestion power is poor, and fodder crushing is thinner, and when enteral digestion, its surface area is larger, and contact area is larger with it for the digestive juice of aquatic livestock, thus improves the digestibility of feed, improves feed coefficient.
The smashing fineness that the present invention adopts is 95% by 80 orders, significantly improves the bait utilization of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, reduces feed waste, reduces water pollution, improves the speed of growth.
6) expanded granulation, improves the digestibility of feed further.
Expanded granulation effectively can kill pathogen, reduces ANFs, and makes starch gelatinization, is more conducive to Pelteobagrus fulvidraco and digests and assimilates nutriment in bait, thus improve the utilization rate of feed, reduce feed waste, reduce water pollution.
7) spraying technology after adopting, the oxidation of less fish oil.
Product of the present invention is by group aquatic products nutritionist through configuration meticulously, and comprehensive nutrition, meets the nutritional need of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco; Resisting stress and the resistance against diseases of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco is strengthened by adding mannosan, vitamin C and vitamin E etc.; By ultramicro grinding and expanded granulation, improve feed digestion absorptivity further; By adding dephenolization cottonseed protein, corn protein powder, marigold residue etc. make Pelteobagrus fulvidraco body colour close to natural colour.
Environmental protection of the present invention is economical again, is the nuisance free feed of highly effective and safe.Proved by series of experiments: the Pelteobagrus fulvidraco cultivating 3 grams/fish to 40 grams/fish, feed 2 months, within feed coefficient 1.1, survival rate more than 80%, stress nondiscolouring, back yellow black, and belly is yellow, consistent with wild Pelteobagrus fulvidraco body colour.Significantly improve the survival rate of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, reduce aquaculture cost, improve the body colour of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, improve the commercial value of the Pelteobagrus fulvidraco propagated artificially.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with test example and detailed description of the invention, the present invention is described in further detail.But this should be interpreted as that the scope of the above-mentioned theme of the present invention is only limitted to following embodiment, all technology realized based on content of the present invention all belong to scope of the present invention.
In specific implementation process, state's producing steam fish meal can be used to replace inlet steam fish meal, also can replace the 200 type dish dregs of rice with 95 type dregs of beans, the cooperation of each component in invention should be defined as several compositions concrete described in literary composition.When the ratio of the ultimate constituent designing product is suitable, can phase trans-substitution use between the material of equivalent effect.
Table 1 Pelteobagrus fulvidraco finishing period compound feed prescription table
Table 2 vitamin premix formula
Note: in table, data are the content of active ingredient, carrier is defatted rice bran.
Table 3 mineral element premix formulation
Note: in table, data are the content of active ingredient (magnesium, copper, iron, zinc, manganese, iodine, cobalt, selenium), and carrier is zeolite powder.
Described zeolite is the zeolitic material of interpolation capable of using as feed, zeolite powder as universal in 80-120 object.
In the present invention, the inlet steam fish meal of interpolation, dehulled soybean meal, the dephenolization cottonseed protein 200 type dish dregs of rice and corn protein powder, total amount, between 66%-69%, finally measures protein content >=40%.And under selecting to find special ratios by experiment, the various protein component ratios that each component provides are most suitable for the growth and development of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, effectively can avoid Pelteobagrus fulvidraco because take in that protein component is single and nutrition that is that occur is unbalanced or lack the protein of certain necessity and the defect of the disease-resistant resisting stress power difference that may exist further.
With the addition of a certain amount of marigold residue and Strong flour, after ensureing that Pelteobagrus fulvidraco eats feed, coarse-fibred amount is suitable for, and not highly also has no lack of with 6% simultaneously.And suitable Strong flour is rich in the growth needs that starch is suitable for Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, can play the effect that gelatinization bonds each component again, kill two birds with one stone, improve the nutritious ratio of feed, which in turn improve the moulding process of feed in process.
The simultaneously selection of the ratio of fish oil and soyabean lecithin oil is in the optimum proportion that finds in a large amount of experiments.The demand to phosphatide in the quick healthy growth process of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco can either be ensured, turn avoid the too high situation affecting feed coefficient of content of phospholipid, impel Pelteobagrus fulvidraco fully to absorb nutritional labeling in feed, reduce feed residual quantity, and then reduce forage feed to the impact of water quality.The configuration of balanced nutritional labeling, ensure that the quick growth of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, and lower water pollution rate, makes the Pelteobagrus fulvidraco survival rate of artificial feeding better.
Finally, by test, inventor has screened again the combination and compatibility of vitamine supplement and mineral element additive.Select vitamin and the mineral element combination of suitable yellow catfish growing, give full play of the nutritive value of vitamin in feed, avoid vitamin or mineral element intake is unbalanced or excessive, be more conducive to the quick healthy growth of artificial feeding Pelteobagrus fulvidraco.
Embodiment 1
Take by weight percentage: inlet steam fish meal 25%, dehulled soybean meal 21%, dephenolization cottonseed protein 15%, the 200 type dish dregs of rice 2.4%, corn protein powder 5.0%, marigold residue 5.0%, Strong flour 18.0%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 2.5%, fish oil 3.0%, soyabean lecithin oil 1.5%, salt 0.3%, mannosan 0.1%, vitamine supplement 0.6%, mineral element additive 0.6%, amounts to 1000kg.In vitamin premix, active constituent content is in table 2, and in mineral element premix, active ingredient amount is in table 3.
By vitamin C, choline, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, calcium pantothenate, nicotinic acid, biotin, folic acid, vitamin B12, inositol, vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K, make carrier with defatted rice bran and mix.By magnesium sulfate, copper sulphate, ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, KI, cobalt chloride, sodium selenite, make carrier with zeolite powder and mix.Inlet steam fish meal, dehulled soybean meal, dephenolization cottonseed protein, the 200 type dish dregs of rice, marigold residue are pulverized respectively, smashing fineness is 90% by 40 orders; By inlet steam fish meal, dehulled soybean meal, dephenolization cottonseed protein, the 200 type dish dregs of rice, marigold residue and the corn protein powder after pulverizing, calcium dihydrogen phosphate mixing, then carry out ultramicro grinding, smashing fineness is 95% by 80 orders; Mixed material after pulverizing and Strong flour, soyabean lecithin oil, salt, mannosan, vitamin premix, mineral element premix are mixed, mixture homogeneity CV%≤10%, expanded granulation, dries, spraying fish oil.By feed granules cool, feed temperature not higher than environment temperature 10 DEG C, metering packing.Obtain Pelteobagrus fulvidraco finishing period mixed feed.
Embodiment 2-10
Prepare vitamin premix and mineral element premix by table 2, table 3, weigh each component, total amount 1000kg in ratio in table 1, preparation implementation process is with embodiment 1
[test] nutritive index is tested
Pelteobagrus fulvidraco finishing period mixed feed prepared by embodiment 1-10, light yellow in natural feed after producing, uniform particle sizes, glossiness is good.Row comprehensive physical and chemical index detection (inner quality supervision department is detected) is sent in sampling to respectively, and send inspection center of feed master station of Sichuan Province to detect simultaneously, and its result all meets designing requirement (company standard, numbering Q/QS SH-2012), in table 4.
The male board Pelteobagrus fulvidraco of table 4 state is bred as mixed feed nutritive index
Note: every nutritional labeling all calculates based on the dry of 87%.
Pelteobagrus fulvidraco culture experiment
The Pelteobagrus fulvidraco culture experiment stage comprises lab scale and pilot scale.Lab scale test is carried out at new Hope Group research and development base, from May, 2010, has successively carried out 8 tests, comprises test Pelteobagrus fulvidraco 6400 tail; Pilot plant test is also newly wishing what aquatic products base was carried out, comprises test Pelteobagrus fulvidraco 12000 tail, has carried out further checking and Demonstration And Extension to lab scale achievement.Carry out the proving ground of lab scale and pilot scale, test fishing ground water condition is good, test responsible person and enforcement personnel are the professional cultural technique personnel with rich experiences, and experimental design scientific and precise, result of the test is true and reliable.
Lab scale and pilot plant test result show (referring to culture experiment 1-3): (1) yellow-head catfish feed feed coefficient of the present invention is good, reach 1.02 ± 0.03, about 10%(culture experiment 1-3 is improved compared with commercially available yellow-head catfish feed, brand A:1.14 ± 0.02, brand B:1.13 ± 0.01), in Pelteobagrus fulvidraco cultivation, there is outstanding substantive significance.(2) yellow-head catfish feed of the present invention is used to cultivate, the Pelteobagrus fulvidraco death rate lower (reducing by more than 90%), body colour nature.(3) anti-stress ability better (compare commercial diet and promote 20%-25%).(4) attack malicious survival rate and improve about 1 times.(5) clean feed cost is lower.
In sum, yellow-head catfish feed of the present invention has outstanding progress, is that the new and effective Pelteobagrus fulvidraco be worthy to be popularized is bred as feed.
Culture experiment 1
The male board Pelteobagrus fulvidraco of state is bred as the test report-1 that mixed feed affects yellow catfish growing, body colour, anti-stress ability and resistance against diseases
1.1, test objective
The male board Pelteobagrus fulvidraco of exploitation state is bred as mixed feed.
1.2, materials and methods
1.2.1 experimental design
The male Pelteobagrus fulvidraco 2# of process A: control group 1(state)
Treatments B: control group 2 (competing product-Pelteobagrus fulvidraco is bred as mixed feed)
Process C: the male board Pelteobagrus fulvidraco of state is bred as mixed feed, and embodiment 10 prepares gained.
1.2.2 experimental animal
Select body weight to be Pelteobagrus fulvidraco 1200 tail of 12.25 ± 0.05g, be divided into A, B, C tri-process at random, each process 4 repetition.Each repetition 100 tail, original body mass respectively processes group difference not significantly (P>0.05).
1.2.3 feeding and management
Test is carried out at test site, Center Technology portion, Chengdu of New Hope Liuhe Co., Ltd., the cage rearing of whole employing 1m × 1m × 1.5m, feed intake every day 4 times, namely the morning 7 point, 11 points, afternoon 3 point, respectively throw 1 time for 7, feeding volume is 3-5%, and according to weather condition adjustment, inventory increases by 10% week about.Oxygenation facility is configured in net cage pond, and time opening, to ensure that in fishpond, oxygen is sufficient.Measure water quality water temperature, middle dissolved oxygen amount, content of nitrite with thermometer and quick water quality analyzer weekly, and perform record, in whole breeding process, require that breeding water body dissolved oxygen is greater than 5mg/l, ammonia nitrogen is less than 0.02mg/l, nitrite is less than 0.1mg/l.
1.2.4 testing index
Weightening finish (g/ tail)=W-W
0;
Rate of body weight gain (WGR) (%)=100 × (W-W
0)/W
0;
Instantaneous growth rate (SGR)=(lnW-lnW
0) × 100/t;
Feed coefficient (FCR)=F/(W-W
0);
The initial mantissa of the dead fish number/test fish of the death rate=100 × duration of test;
Anti-stress ability: represent with hypoxia-resistant capacity
Survival rate after attacking poison: attack poison with Aeromonas hydrophila, calculate the survival rate after 7 days
Body colour: three groups of fish body colour contrasts
Wherein, t: test number of days;
W: the average weight (g) of each treatment of fish during off-test;
W
0: the average weight (g) of each treatment of fish during on-test;
F: the tail in whole experimental period on average takes the photograph bait amount (g/ tail).
1.2.5 test period: amounted to 58 days from June 15th, 2011 to August 10.
1.3. data processing
With SPSS11.0, variance analysis and Multiple range test are carried out to test data.
1.4. results and analysis
1.4.1 the test fish speed of growth
After off-test, on August 11st, 2011, each net cage test fish is weighed respectively in early morning in the morning, calculate the average whole opisthosoma weight of every tail fish in each net cage, weightening finish, rate of body weight gain and instantaneous growth rate, the results are shown in Table 5.
As seen from Table 5, original body mass respectively processes group difference all not significantly (P>0.05), shows to test the requirement that point combination accords with scientific experimentation completely.
By the feeding experiment of 58 days, process the whole opisthosoma weight of C, rate of body weight gain and instantaneous growth rate and be all significantly higher than process A and treatments B (P<0.05), and process A and treatments B difference remarkable (P>0.05).This result shows: the male board Pelteobagrus fulvidraco of state is bred as the speed of growth that mixed feed significantly improves Pelteobagrus fulvidraco.
Table 5 original body mass, whole opisthosoma weight, weightening finish, rate of body weight gain and instantaneous growth rate
Note: mark between processed group in same row capitalization all different represent reach 0.01 significantly flat accurate, lowercase all different represent reach 0.05 significantly flat accurate, later all with.
1.4.2 feed coefficient
The tail average weight gain ((g/ tail) of bait amount of on average taking the photograph (g/ the tail)/Pelteobagrus fulvidraco of every tail Pelteobagrus fulvidraco of feed coefficient (FCR)=in whole experimental period;
The results are shown in Table 6.
Table 6 feed coefficient
As known from Table 6: the feed coefficient of process C is extremely remarkable in process A and treatments B (P<0.05), and processes difference remarkable (P>0.05) between A and treatments B.This result of the test shows: under this experimental condition, and the male board Pelteobagrus fulvidraco of state is bred as the bait utilization that mixed feed significantly improves test Pelteobagrus fulvidraco.
1.4.3 the death rate
Duration of test, records the dead quantity of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco every day, calculates the death rate after off-test, dead mantissa's (tail)/100(tail of the death rate=100*)
The results are shown in Table 7.
Table 7 death rate
| Project | The death rate |
| Process A | 8.33±1.92 a |
| Treatments B | 7.50±4.19 a |
| Process C | 0.83±1.66 b |
As can be seen from Table 7, the death rate of process C significantly lower than process A and treatments B (P<0.05), and processes A and treatments B difference remarkable (P>0.05).This result of the test shows: under this experimental condition, and the male board Pelteobagrus fulvidraco of state is bred as the survival rate that mixed feed significantly improves Pelteobagrus fulvidraco.
1.4.4 body colour
Fish body colour tested by table 8
| Project | Body colour |
| Process A | Back is light yellow alternate with black, and belly is light yellow |
| Treatments B | Whole body black |
| Process C | Back is yellow black alternate, and belly is yellow |
1.4.5 anti-stress ability
After off-test, the Pelteobagrus fulvidraco of each processing selecting 20 tail health, being put into ammonia nitrogen concentration is in 25mg/l fish jar, records the death time of every tail fish respectively, compares and starts the dead time, and all dead time and MDT, the results are shown in Table 9.
Pelteobagrus fulvidraco anti-stress ability tested by table 9
As can be seen from Table 9, compare with treatments B with process A, the anti-stress ability of process C obviously strengthens, and the MDT of 20 tail test fishes extends 44 minutes and 54 minutes respectively than process A and treatments B.This result shows: the male board Pelteobagrus fulvidraco of state is bred as the anti-stress ability (representing with hypoxia-resistant capacity) that mixed feed significantly improves Pelteobagrus fulvidraco.
1.4.6 the rear survival rate of poison is attacked
Challenge test, Pelteobagrus fulvidraco 20 tail that each process choosing is healthy, body weight is close, lumbar injection concentration is 1.5 × 10 respectively
5the Aeromonas hydrophila of cfu/g, observes the Pelteobagrus fulvidraco death rate.
The results are shown in Table 10.
Table 10 test Pelteobagrus fulvidraco attack poison after survival rate
| Project | Attack malicious fish tail number | That attacks a poison rear week survives fish tail number | Aeromonas hydrophila attacks the survival rate (%) after poison |
| Process A | 20 | 5 | 25 |
| Treatments B | 20 | 6 | 30 |
| Process C | 20 | 13 | 65 |
As known from Table 10: compare with treatments B with process A, process C group attack poison after survival rate significantly improve, this result shows, puies forward the ability that significantly improve Pelteobagrus fulvidraco resist the disease after feeding with state's male board Pelteobagrus fulvidraco incubation mixed feed.
1.4.7 Economic and Efficiency Analysis
Net gain feed cost (unit/kilogram)=feed price * feed coefficient, the results are shown in Table 11.
Table 11 Economic and Efficiency Analysis
As known from Table 11: compared with process A, the net gain feed cost of process C reduces 0.845 yuan/kg, significantly improves economic benefit, and therefore state's male board Pelteobagrus fulvidraco incubation mixed feed is worthy to be popularized.Meanwhile, as can also be seen from Table 6, be bred as after Pelteobagrus fulvidraco fed by mixed feed with the male board Pelteobagrus fulvidraco of state and put forward the ability significantly improving Pelteobagrus fulvidraco resist the disease, when there being the explosive disease of fish to attack, the generation of fish disease can being reduced, thus add economic benefit.
1.5, conclusion
By this experimental study, reach a conclusion: under this experimental condition, compared with being bred as material with common Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, the male board Pelteobagrus fulvidraco of state is bred as mixed feed and significantly improves the speed of growth of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, bait utilization, anti-stress ability and premunition, body colour is improved under the condition of not adding pigment, thus increase economic efficiency, be therefore worthy to be popularized.
Culture experiment 2
The male board Pelteobagrus fulvidraco of state is bred as the test report-2 that mixed feed affects yellow catfish growing, body colour, anti-stress ability and resistance against diseases
2.1, test objective
The male board Pelteobagrus fulvidraco of exploitation state is bred as mixed feed.
2.2, materials and methods
2.2.1 experimental design
The male Pelteobagrus fulvidraco 2# of process A: control group 1(state)
Treatments B: control group 2 (competing product-Pelteobagrus fulvidraco is bred as mixed feed)
Process C: the male board Pelteobagrus fulvidraco of state is bred as mixed feed, and embodiment 10 prepares gained.
2.2.2 experimental animal
Select body weight to be Pelteobagrus fulvidraco 1200 tail of 13.21 ± 0.12g, be divided into A, B, C tri-process at random, each process 4 repetition.Each repetition 100 tail, original body mass respectively processes group difference not significantly (P>0.05).
2.2.3 feeding and management
Test is carried out at test site, Center Technology portion, Chengdu of New Hope Liuhe Co., Ltd., all adopts the cage rearing of 1m × 1m × 1.5m, feeds intake every day 4 times, namely the morning 7 point, 11 points, afternoon 3, point, respectively threw 1 time for 7.Inventory increases by 10% week about.Oxygenation facility is configured in net cage pond, and time opening, to ensure that in fishpond, oxygen is sufficient.Measure water quality water temperature, middle dissolved oxygen amount, content of nitrite with thermometer and quick water quality analyzer weekly, and perform record, in whole breeding process, require that breeding water body dissolved oxygen is greater than 5mg/l, ammonia nitrogen is less than 0.02mg/l, nitrite is less than 0.1mg/l.
2.2.4 testing index
Weightening finish (g/ tail)=W-W
0;
Rate of body weight gain (WGR) (%)=100 × (W-W
0)/W
0;
Instantaneous growth rate (SGR)=(lnW-lnW
0) × 100/t;
Feed coefficient (FCR)=F/(W-W
0);
The initial mantissa of the dead fish number/test fish of the death rate=100 × duration of test;
Anti-stress ability: represent with hypoxia-resistant capacity;
Survival rate after attacking poison: attack poison with Aeromonas hydrophila, calculate the survival rate after 7 days;
Body colour: three groups of fish body colour contrasts;
Wherein, t: test number of days;
W: the average weight (g) of each treatment of fish during off-test;
W
0: the average weight (g) of each treatment of fish during on-test;
F: the tail in whole experimental period on average takes the photograph bait amount (g/ tail).
2.2.5 test period: amounted to 58 days from June 14th, 2011 to August 09.
2.3. data processing
With SPSS11.0, variance analysis and Multiple range test are carried out to test data.
2.4. results and analysis
2.4.1 the test fish speed of growth
The results are shown in Table 12.
As seen from Table 12, original body mass respectively processes group difference all not significantly (P>0.05), shows to test the requirement that point combination accords with scientific experimentation completely.
By the feeding experiment of 58 days, process the whole opisthosoma weight of C, rate of body weight gain and instantaneous growth rate and be all significantly higher than process A and treatments B (P<0.05), and process A and treatments B difference remarkable (P>0.05).This result shows: the male board Pelteobagrus fulvidraco of state is bred as the speed of growth that mixed feed significantly improves Pelteobagrus fulvidraco.
Table 12 original body mass, whole opisthosoma weight, weightening finish, rate of body weight gain and instantaneous growth rate
Note: mark between processed group in same row capitalization all different represent reach 0.01 significantly flat accurate, lowercase all different represent reach 0.05 significantly flat accurate, later all with.
2.4.2 feed coefficient
The results are shown in Table 13.
Table 13 feed coefficient
As known from Table 13: the feed coefficient of process C is extremely remarkable in process A and treatments B (P<0.05), and processes difference remarkable (P>0.05) between A and treatments B.This result of the test shows: under this experimental condition, and the male board Pelteobagrus fulvidraco of state is bred as the bait utilization that mixed feed significantly improves test Pelteobagrus fulvidraco.
2.4.3 the death rate
The results are shown in Table 14.
Table 14 death rate (%)
| Project | The death rate |
| Process A | 8.50±1.72 a |
| Treatments B | 8.50±2.50 a |
| Process C | 0.00±0.00 b |
As can be seen from Table 14, the death rate of process C significantly lower than process A and treatments B (P<0.05), and processes A and treatments B difference remarkable (P>0.05).This result of the test shows: under this experimental condition, and the male board Pelteobagrus fulvidraco of state is bred as the survival rate that mixed feed significantly improves Pelteobagrus fulvidraco.
2.4.4 body colour
Fish body colour tested by table 15
| Project | Body colour |
| Process A | Back is light yellow alternate with black, and belly is light yellow |
| Treatments B | Whole body black |
| Process C | Back is yellow black alternate, and belly is yellow |
2.4.4 anti-stress ability
After off-test, the Pelteobagrus fulvidraco of each processing selecting 20 tail health, being put into ammonia nitrogen concentration is in 25mg/l fish jar, records the death time of every tail fish respectively, compares and starts the dead time, and all dead time and MDT, the results are shown in Table 9.
The results are shown in Table 16.
The ability of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco lower oxygen concentration resistance tested by table 16
As can be seen from Table 16, compare with treatments B with process A, process C sees that stress ability obviously strengthens, and the MDT of 20 tail test fishes extends 60 minutes and 50 minutes respectively than process A and treatments B.This result shows: the male board Pelteobagrus fulvidraco of state is bred as the anti-stress ability (representing with hypoxia-resistant capacity) that mixed feed significantly improves Pelteobagrus fulvidraco.
2.4.5 the rear survival rate of poison is attacked
Challenge test, Pelteobagrus fulvidraco 20 tail that each process choosing is healthy, body weight is close, lumbar injection concentration is 1.5 × 10 respectively
5the Aeromonas hydrophila of cfu/g, observes Pelteobagrus fulvidraco death rats
The results are shown in Table 17.
Table 17 test Pelteobagrus fulvidraco attack poison after survival rate
| Project | Attack malicious fish tail number | That attacks a poison rear week survives fish tail number | Aeromonas hydrophila attacks the survival rate (%) after poison |
| Process A | 20 | 7 | 35 |
| Treatments B | 20 | 7 | 35 |
| Process C | 20 | 12 | 60 |
As known from Table 17: compare with treatments B with process A, process C group attack poison after survival rate significantly improve, this result shows, puies forward the ability that significantly improve Pelteobagrus fulvidraco resist the disease after feeding with state's male board Pelteobagrus fulvidraco incubation mixed feed.
2.4.6 Economic and Efficiency Analysis
Net gain feed cost (unit/kilogram)=feed price * feed coefficient, the results are shown in Table 18.
Table 18 Economic and Efficiency Analysis
As known from Table 18: compared with process A, the net gain feed cost of process C reduces 0.845 yuan/kg, significantly improves economic benefit, and therefore state's male board Pelteobagrus fulvidraco incubation mixed feed is worthy to be popularized.Meanwhile, as can also be seen from Table 6, be bred as after Pelteobagrus fulvidraco fed by mixed feed with the male board Pelteobagrus fulvidraco of state and put forward the ability significantly improving Pelteobagrus fulvidraco resist the disease, when there being the explosive disease of fish to attack, the generation of fish disease can being reduced, thus add economic benefit.
2.5, conclusion
By this experimental study, reach a conclusion: under this experimental condition, compared with being bred as material with common Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, the male board Pelteobagrus fulvidraco of state is bred as mixed feed and significantly improves the speed of growth of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, bait utilization, anti-stress ability and premunition, body colour is improved under the condition of not adding pigment, thus increase economic efficiency, be therefore worthy to be popularized.
Culture experiment 3
The male board Pelteobagrus fulvidraco of state is bred as mixed feed feeding experiment report (pilot scale)
3.1 test objective
The male board Pelteobagrus fulvidraco of further checking state is bred as the culture efficiency of mixed feed.
3.2. materials and methods
3.2.1 experimental design
Process A: control group (the male Pelteobagrus fulvidraco 2# of state)
Treatments B: the male board Pelteobagrus fulvidraco of state is bred as mixed feed, and embodiment 10 prepares gained.
3.2.2 experimental animal
Select body weight to be Pelteobagrus fulvidraco 24000 tail of 3g, be equally divided into A, B, C, D tetra-ponds, each pondfish weighs 6000 tails, and wherein A and C process A group of feeding is expected, B and D feeds the material of treatments B.
3.2.3 feeding and management
Test is carried out at technology department of New Hope Liuhe Co., Ltd. test site, and to be area be 4 ponds of 3 mu of employing, feed intake 4 every day, namely the morning 7 point, 11 points, afternoon 3, point, respectively threw 1 time for 7.Inventory increases by 10% week about.Oxygenation facility is configured in pond, and time opening, to ensure that in fishpond, oxygen is sufficient.Measure water quality water temperature, middle dissolved oxygen amount, content of nitrite with thermometer and quick water quality analyzer weekly, require that dissolved oxygen requirement is greater than 5mg/l, ammonia nitrogen is less than 0.02mg/l, nitrite is less than 0.1mg/l.The test pond water surface 3.6 mu, depth of water 1-1.5 rice.
3.2.4 testing index
Weightening finish=W-W
0;
Rate of body weight gain (WGR) (%)=100 × (W-W
0)/W
0;
Feed coefficient (FCR)=F/(W-W
0);
Survival rate=results mantissa/input mantissa;
Wherein, W: the gross weight (kg) of the test fish in each pond during off-test;
W
0: the gross weight (kg) of the test fish in each pond during on-test;
F: the bait amount of taking the photograph (kg/ tail) of each pondfish in whole experimental period.
3.2.5 test period: amounted to 50 days from May 16th, 2012 to July 5.
3.3. data processing
The result of the test average in two ponds represents.
3.4. results and analysis
3.4.1 the test fish speed of growth
The results are shown in Table 19:
As can be seen from Table 19, compared with process A group, the weightening finish of treatments B group significantly improves.This result shows: the male board Pelteobagrus fulvidraco of state is bred as the speed of growth that mixed feed significantly improves Pelteobagrus fulvidraco.
Table 19 original body mass, whole opisthosoma weight, weightening finish, rate of body weight gain
3.4.2 feed coefficient
The results are shown in Table 19
Table 19 feed coefficient
As known from Table 19: the feed coefficient of treatments B is starkly lower than process A.This result of the test shows: under this experimental condition, and the male board Pelteobagrus fulvidraco of state is bred as the bait utilization that mixed feed significantly improves test Pelteobagrus fulvidraco.
3.4.3 survival rate
The results are shown in Table 20
Table 20 survival rate
Note: the mantissa in table is calculated according to gross weight and tail counterpoise
As can be seen from Table 20, treatments B apparently higher than process A.This result of the test shows: under this experimental condition, and the male board Pelteobagrus fulvidraco of state is bred as the survival rate that mixed feed can improve Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, makes survival rate improve 15.71%.
3.4.4 body colour
Treatments B two pond Pelteobagrus fulvidraco body colours are that back is yellow black alternate, and belly is yellow, and wild Pelteobagrus fulvidraco body colour is suitable, and control group (process A) yellow is more shallow, and body colour is not as good as wild Pelteobagrus fulvidraco.
3.4.5 Economic and Efficiency Analysis
The results are shown in Table 21.
As known from Table 21: compared with process A, the net gain feed cost of treatments B reduces 0.67 yuan/kg, and body colour is suitable with wild Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, sells lover, significantly improves economic benefit, therefore Pelteobagrus fulvidraco incubation mixed feed is worthy to be popularized.Meanwhile, as can also be seen from Table 4, be bred as the survival rate significantly improving Pelteobagrus fulvidraco after mixed feed is fed with the male board Pelteobagrus fulvidraco of state, when there being the explosive disease of fish to attack, the generation of fish disease can being reduced, thus add economic benefit.
Table 21 Economic and Efficiency Analysis
3.5, conclusion
By this experimental study, reach a conclusion: compared with common Pelteobagrus fulvidraco material, the male board Pelteobagrus fulvidraco of state is bred as mixed feed and significantly improves the speed of growth of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, bait utilization and premunition, under the condition of not adding pigment, improve body colour, thus increase economic efficiency, be therefore worthy to be popularized.
Claims (10)
1. a Pelteobagrus fulvidraco finishing period mixed feed, is characterized in that, is made up of the following raw material of percentage by weight:
Inlet steam fish meal 25%-33%, dehulled soybean meal 10%-21%, dephenolization cottonseed protein 5%-15%, 200 type dish dregs of rice 2%-8%, Strong flour 18%-22%, corn protein powder 5%-10%, marigold residue 3%-5%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1.5%-2.5%, fish oil 2%-3%, soyabean lecithin oil 1.5%-2.5%, salt 0.1%-0.3%, mannosan 0.05%-0.1%, vitamin premix 0.4%-0.6%, mineral element premix 0.4%-0.6%;
Containing vitamin C, vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, Vitamin K3, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, biotin, inositol, folic acid, nicotinic acid, calcium pantothenate and choline in described vitamin premix, carrier is defatted rice bran;
Sulfur acid copper, ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, magnesium sulfate, KI, cobalt chloride and sodium selenite in described mineral element premix, carrier is zeolite powder.
2. Pelteobagrus fulvidraco finishing period mixed feed as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, be made up of the following raw material of percentage by weight:
Inlet steam fish meal 25%, dehulled soybean meal 21%, dephenolization cottonseed protein 15%, the 200 type dish dregs of rice 2.4%, Strong flour 18%, corn protein powder 5%, marigold residue 5%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 2.5%, fish oil 3%, soyabean lecithin oil 1.5%, salt 0.3%, mannosan 0.1%, vitamin premix 0.6%, mineral element premix 0.6%.
3. Pelteobagrus fulvidraco finishing period mixed feed as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, be made up of the following raw material of percentage by weight:
Inlet steam fish meal 26%, dehulled soybean meal 19%, dephenolization cottonseed protein 14%, the 200 type dish dregs of rice 3.2%, Strong flour 18.5%, corn protein powder 6%, marigold residue 4.9%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 2.4%, fish oil 2.9%, soyabean lecithin oil 1.6%, salt 0.3%, mannosan 0.09%, vitamin premix 0.56%, mineral element premix 0.55%.
4. Pelteobagrus fulvidraco finishing period mixed feed as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, be made up of the following raw material of percentage by weight:
Inlet steam fish meal 28%, dehulled soybean meal 17%, dephenolization cottonseed protein 12%, the 200 type dish dregs of rice 3%, Strong flour 19.5%, corn protein powder 8%, marigold residue 4.7%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 2.2%, fish oil 2.5%, soyabean lecithin oil 1.8%, salt 0.21%, mannosan 0.09%, vitamin premix 0.5%, mineral element premix 0.5%.
5. Pelteobagrus fulvidraco finishing period mixed feed as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, be made up of the following raw material of percentage by weight:
Inlet steam fish meal 29%, dehulled soybean meal 16%, dephenolization cottonseed protein 11%, the 200 type dish dregs of rice 3.4%, Strong flour 20%, corn protein powder 8.5%, marigold residue 4.5%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 2.1%, fish oil 2.4%, soyabean lecithin oil 1.9%, salt 0.2%, mannosan 0.07%, vitamin premix 0.48%, mineral element premix 0.45%.
6. Pelteobagrus fulvidraco finishing period mixed feed as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, be made up of the following raw material of percentage by weight:
Inlet steam fish meal 31%, dehulled soybean meal 14%, dephenolization cottonseed protein 9%, the 200 type dish dregs of rice 5%, Strong flour 21%, corn protein powder 9%, marigold residue 3.8%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1.9%, fish oil 2.1%, soyabean lecithin oil 2.1%, salt 0.15%, mannosan 0.05%, vitamin premix 0.4%, mineral element premix 0.5%.
7. Pelteobagrus fulvidraco finishing period mixed feed as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, be made up of the following raw material of percentage by weight:
Inlet steam fish meal 33%, dehulled soybean meal 10%, dephenolization cottonseed protein 7%, the 200 type dish dregs of rice 7.8%, Strong flour 22%, corn protein powder 10%, marigold residue 3%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1.7%, fish oil 2%, soyabean lecithin oil 2.3%, salt 0.1%, mannosan 0.1%, vitamin premix 0.45%, mineral element premix 0.55%.
8. Pelteobagrus fulvidraco finishing period mixed feed as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, be made up of the following raw material of percentage by weight:
Inlet steam fish meal 32%, dehulled soybean meal 12%, dephenolization cottonseed protein 8%, the 200 type dish dregs of rice 6.7%, Strong flour 21.5%, corn protein powder 9.5%, marigold residue 3%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1.8%, fish oil 2.1%, soyabean lecithin oil 2.2%, salt 0.15%, mannosan 0.08%, vitamin premix 0.52%, mineral element premix 0.45%.
9. Pelteobagrus fulvidraco finishing period mixed feed as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, be made up of the following raw material of percentage by weight:
Inlet steam fish meal 27%, dehulled soybean meal 18%, dephenolization cottonseed protein 13%, the 200 type dish dregs of rice 3.1%, Strong flour 19%, corn protein powder 7%, marigold residue 4.8%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 2.3%, fish oil 2.7%, soyabean lecithin oil 1.7%, salt 0.23%, mannosan 0.08%, vitamin premix 0.53%, mineral element premix 0.56%.
10. prepare a method for the arbitrary described Pelteobagrus fulvidraco finishing period mixed feed of claim 1-9, it is characterized in that, comprise following steps:
(1) vitamin premix is prepared: take vitamin C, choline, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, calcium pantothenate, nicotinic acid, biotin, folic acid, vitamin B12, inositol, vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, Vitamin K3 in proportion, make carrier with defatted rice bran and mix;
(2) mineral element premix is prepared: take magnesium sulfate, copper sulphate, ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, KI, cobalt chloride and sodium selenite in proportion, make carrier with zeolite powder and mix;
(3) inlet steam fish meal, dehulled soybean meal, dephenolization cottonseed protein, the 200 type dish dregs of rice, Strong flour, corn protein powder, marigold residue, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, fish oil, soyabean lecithin oil, salt, mannosan, vitamin premix and mineral element premix is taken in proportion;
(4) inlet steam fish meal, dehulled soybean meal, dephenolization cottonseed protein, the 200 type dish dregs of rice, marigold residue are carried out first time respectively and pulverize, smashing fineness is 90% by 40 mesh sieves;
(5) the inlet steam fish meal that will process through step (4), dehulled soybean meal, dephenolization cottonseed protein, the 200 type dish dregs of rice, marigold residue, and corn protein powder, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, mixing, carries out second time pulverization process, and smashing fineness is 95% by 80 orders;
(6) step (5) is processed the mixture obtained and Strong flour, soyabean lecithin oil, salt, mannosan, vitamin premix, mineral element premix, carry out second time mixing, mixture homogeneity CV%≤10%;
(7) material mixed is carried out expanded granulation, dry;
(8) dry the feed granules spraying fish oil of gained to step (7), and cool, feed temperature is not higher than environment temperature 10 DEG C;
(9) metering packing.
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