CN103271234A - Compound feed and preparation method thereof for yellow catfish during growing period - Google Patents
Compound feed and preparation method thereof for yellow catfish during growing period Download PDFInfo
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- CN103271234A CN103271234A CN2013102415264A CN201310241526A CN103271234A CN 103271234 A CN103271234 A CN 103271234A CN 2013102415264 A CN2013102415264 A CN 2013102415264A CN 201310241526 A CN201310241526 A CN 201310241526A CN 103271234 A CN103271234 A CN 103271234A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a compound feed and a preparation method thereof for a yellow catfish during growing period. The compound feed is prepared by materials as steam fish meal, peeling soybean meal, dephenolizing cottonseed protein, 200 type rapeseed meal, corn gluten meal, marigold residue, strong flour, monocalcium phosphate, fish oil, soybean phospholipid oil, table salt, mannan, vitamin C, choline, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, calcium pantothenate, niacin, biotin, folic acid, vitamin B12, inositol, vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K, magnesium sulfate, cupric sulfate, ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, potassium iodide, cobaltous chloride and sodium selenite at a certain ratio. The compound feed has the advantages that the formula is reasonable, the nutritional ingredient is abundant, the digestibility is high, the water body pollution is low, and the nutritional requirement, anti-stress requirement and disease resistant requirement of the yellow catfish are met, the yellow catfish fed by the compound feed grows fast, the livability is high and the body color is close to the yellow catfish living in the wild environment.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of aquatic products fish culture feed, particularly a kind of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco finishing period mixed feed and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Pelteobagrus fulvidraco is commonly called as Huang Lading, yellow bone fish etc., high-quality wild fish for China's rivers and lakes is distributed widely in more than 20 each natural waters of provinces and cities such as Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Shandong, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Liaoning, Heilungkiang, Sichuan, Yunnan, Qinghai.Pelteobagrus fulvidraco fine and tender taste, meat flavour deliciousness, nutritious, liked by the consumer deeply.In recent years, because amount of fishing reduces gradually from natural water body, and market demand day by day increased, and Pelteobagrus fulvidraco is cultured scale to be increased gradually.But be subjected to all multifactor influences, breed Pelteobagrus fulvidraco anti-stress ability and premunition are poor; If do not add pigment, the Pelteobagrus fulvidraco body colour of propagating artificially and wild Pelteobagrus fulvidraco difference are big.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome propagate the Pelteobagrus fulvidraco stress ability in the prior art artificially and premunition poor, the defective that body colour and wild Pelteobagrus fulvidraco difference are big provides a kind of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco finishing period mixed feed, the present invention also provides the preparation method of described feed simultaneously.
In order to realize the foregoing invention purpose, the invention provides following technical scheme:
A kind of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco finishing period mixed feed, mainly made by the following composition of percentage by weight:
Inlet steam fish meal 25%-33%, peeling dregs of beans 10%-21%, dephenolization cottonseed protein 5%-15%, 200 type dish dregs of rice 2%-8%, Strong flour 18%-22%, corn protein powder 5%-10%, marigold residue 3%-5%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1.5%-2.5%, fish oil 2%-3%, soybean lecithin oil 1.5%-2.5%, salt 0.1%-0.3%, mannosan 0.05%-0.1%, vitamin premix 0.4%-0.6%, mineral element premix 0.4%-0.6%.
Contain vitamin C, vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, prokeyvit, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, cobalamin, biotin (biotin), inositol, folic acid, nicotinic acid, calcium pantothenate and choline in the described vitamin premix, carrier is defatted rice bran.
Sulfur acid copper, ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, magnesium sulfate, KI, cobalt chloride and sodium selenite in the described mineral element premix, carrier is zeolite powder.
The present invention is by improved formulations, and the Pelteobagrus fulvidraco finishing period mixed feed comprehensive nutrition that makes satisfies the nutritional need of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco finishing period; By add mannosan, vitamin C and vitamin E etc. strengthen Pelteobagrus fulvidracos anti-stress and resistance against diseases; By adding dephenolization cottonseed protein, corn protein powder, marigold residue etc. satisfy the Pelteobagrus fulvidraco body colour near technicolour demand.
The present invention also provides the preparation method of above-mentioned Pelteobagrus fulvidraco finishing period mixed feed simultaneously.
A kind of step for preparing Pelteobagrus fulvidraco finishing period mixed feed is as follows:
(1) preparation vitamin premix: take by weighing vitamin C, choline, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, calcium pantothenate, nicotinic acid, biotin, folic acid, cobalamin, inositol, vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K in proportion, make carrier and mix with defatted rice bran;
(2) preparation mineral element premix: take by weighing magnesium sulfate, copper sulphate, ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, KI, cobalt chloride, sodium selenite in proportion, make carrier and mix with zeolite powder;
(3) take by weighing steam fish meal, peeling dregs of beans, dephenolization cottonseed protein, the 200 type dish dregs of rice, Strong flour, corn protein powder, marigold residue, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, fish oil, soybean lecithin oil, salt, mannosan, vitamin premix, mineral element premix in proportion;
(4) steam fish meal, peeling dregs of beans, dephenolization cottonseed protein, the 200 type dish dregs of rice, marigold residue are carried out first time respectively and pulverize, smashing fineness is 90% to pass through 40 mesh sieves;
(5) inlet steam fish meal, peeling dregs of beans, dephenolization cottonseed protein, the 200 type dish dregs of rice, marigold residue and corn protein powder, the calcium dihydrogen phosphate that will handle through step (4) mixes, and carries out pulverization process second time, and smashing fineness is 95% to pass through 80 orders;
(6) will handle the mixture obtain and Strong flour, soybean lecithin oil, salt, mannosan, vitamin premix, mineral element premix through step (5), carry out the second time and mix, mixture homogeneity CV%≤10%(measures according to GB GB5917-86);
(7) material that mixes is carried out expanded granulation, oven dry;
(8) feed granules to step (7) oven dry gained sprays fish oil, and cooling, and the feed temperature is not higher than 10 ℃ of environment temperatures;
(9) metering packing.
Further, the ultramicro grinding of pulverization process employing is for the second time handled in the described step (4).
By ultramicro grinding and expanded granulation, can improve the digestibility of feed, reduce water pollution, and then accelerate the speed of growth, raising survival rate.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention:
1) adopting quality raw materials, fully is to guarantee product quality.
This product has used inlet steam fish meal, peeling dregs of beans, dephenolization cottonseed protein, the 200 type dish dregs of rice, corn protein powder etc., is the high-quality protein raw material, more is conducive to the Pelteobagrus fulvidraco healthy growth, makes the Pelteobagrus fulvidraco of feeding have good physique, and nutritive value is higher.
2) add vitamin C, vitamin E, choline, mannosan, strengthen Pelteobagrus fulvidraco anti-stress and resistance against diseases.
3) add fish oil and soybean lecithin oil, satisfy Pelteobagrus fulvidraco to the demand of unrighted acid and phosphatide.
4) add dephenolization cottonseed protein, corn protein powder and marigold residue, natural colouring matter is provided, culture the Pelteobagrus fulvidraco body colour near natural colour.
Wild Pelteobagrus fulvidraco food is mainly small fish, shrimp, various Lu Sheng and aquatic insect (particularly chironomus larvas), small-sized mollusk and other aquatic invertebrate, is food meat fish.Be rich in algae and the planktonic organism of carotenoid in a large number owing to ingested, body colour is more bright-coloured, and for there is blackspot on the side, remainder is yellow under the normal condition.
Avoided using artificial synthetic coloring matter in the present invention's prescription, eliminated the safety problem that artificial synthetic coloring matter brings, the application of natural colorant has simultaneously had the dual-use function of general pigment and nutritive additive, and this produces significant to the safe and high quality of propagating Pelteobagrus fulvidraco artificially.
5) take ultramicro grinding technology, increase the digestibility of feed
Because the aquatic livestock food ration is little, alimentary canal is short, and digestion power is poor, and feed is pulverized more thin, and its surface area is more big when enteral digestion, and the digestive juice of aquatic livestock contact area with it is just more big, thereby has improved the digestibility of feed, has improved feed coefficient.
The smashing fineness that the present invention adopts is 95% by 80 orders, has significantly improved the bait utilization of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, reduces feed waste, reduces water pollution, improves the speed of growth.
6) expanded granulation further improves the digestibility of feed.
Expanded granulation is kill pathogenic bacteria effectively, reduces ANFs, and makes starch gelatinization, more is conducive to Pelteobagrus fulvidraco and digests and assimilates nutriment in the bait, thereby improve the utilization rate of feed, reduces feed waste, reduces water pollution.
7) adopt back spraying technology, the oxidation of less fish oil.
Through configuration meticulously, comprehensive nutrition satisfies the nutritional need of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco to product of the present invention by the aquatic products nutritionist of group; By add mannosan, vitamin C and vitamin E etc. strengthen Pelteobagrus fulvidracos anti-stress and resistance against diseases; By ultramicro grinding and expanded granulation, further improve the feed digestibility; By adding dephenolization cottonseed protein, corn protein powder, marigold residue etc. make the Pelteobagrus fulvidraco body colour near natural colour.
Environmental protection of the present invention is economical again, is the nuisance free feed of highly effective and safe.By a series of evidences: culture the Pelteobagrus fulvidraco of 3 gram/tail to 40 gram/tails, fed 2 months, in the feed coefficient 1.1, survival rate is more than 80%, stress nondiscolouring, and the back yellow black, the belly yellow is consistent with wild Pelteobagrus fulvidraco body colour.Significantly improve the survival rate of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, reduced aquaculture cost, improved the body colour of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, improved the commercial value of the Pelteobagrus fulvidraco of propagating artificially.
The specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with testing example and the specific embodiment.But this should be interpreted as that the scope of the above-mentioned theme of the present invention only limits to following embodiment, all technology that realizes based on content of the present invention all belong to scope of the present invention.
In specific implementation process, can use state's producing steam fish meal import substitution steam fish meal, also can replace the 200 type dish dregs of rice with 95 type dregs of beans, the cooperation of each component in the invention should be defined as several compositions concrete described in the literary composition.Under the suitable situation of the ratio of the ultimate constituent that designs product, can the phase trans-substitution use between the material of equal effect.
Table 1 Pelteobagrus fulvidraco finishing period compound feed prescription table
Table 2 vitamin premix prescription
Annotate: data are content of effective in the table, and carrier is defatted rice bran.
Table 3 mineral element premix formulation
Annotate: data are the content of active ingredient (magnesium, copper, iron, zinc, manganese, iodine, cobalt, selenium) in the table, and carrier is zeolite powder.
Described zeolite is the zeolitic material of interpolation capable of using as feed, as the universal zeolite powder of 80-120 purpose.
Among the present invention, the inlet steam fish meal of interpolation, the peeling dregs of beans, the dephenolization cottonseed protein 200 type dish dregs of rice and corn protein powders, total amount is finally measured protein content 〉=40% between 66%-69%.And will select to find under the special ratios by experiment, the range protein component ratio that each component provides is suitable for the production of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco most and grows, nutrition that occur is unbalanced or lack certain necessary protein because the absorption protein component is single can effectively to avoid Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, and the defective of the disease-resistant anti-copingability difference that further may exist.
Added a certain amount of marigold residue and Strong flour simultaneously, guarantee the edible feed of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco after, coarse-fibred amount is suitable, not high with 6% also have no lack of.And suitable Strong flour is rich in the growth needs of the suitable Pelteobagrus fulvidraco of starch, can play the effect of bonding each component of gelatinization again in process, kills two birds with one stone, and has improved the nutritious ratio of feed, has improved the moulding process of feed again.
The selection of the ratio of fish oil and soybean lecithin oil is in the optimum proportion of finding in a large amount of experiments simultaneously.Can either guarantee in the quick healthy growth process of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco the demand to phosphatide, avoided the too high situation that influences feed coefficient of content of phospholipid again, impel Pelteobagrus fulvidraco fully to absorb nutritional labeling in the feed, reduce the feed residual quantity, and then reduce forage feed to the influence of water quality.The configuration of balanced nutritional labeling has guaranteed the quick growth of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, and lower water pollution rate, makes the Pelteobagrus fulvidraco survival rate of artificial feeding better.
At last, by test, the inventor has screened the combination and compatibility of vitamin(e) supplement and mineral element additive again.Select vitamin and the mineral element combination of suitable yellow catfish growing, give full play of the nutritive value of vitamin in the feed, avoided vitamin or mineral element intake unbalanced or excessive, more be conducive to the quick healthy growth of artificial feeding Pelteobagrus fulvidraco.
Embodiment 1
Take by weighing by weight percentage: inlet steam fish meal 25%, peeling dregs of beans 21%, dephenolization cottonseed protein 15%, the 200 type dish dregs of rice 2.4%, corn protein powder 5.0%, marigold residue 5.0%, Strong flour 18.0%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 2.5%, fish oil 3.0%, soybean lecithin oil 1.5%, salt 0.3%, mannosan 0.1%, vitamin(e) supplement 0.6%, mineral element additive 0.6% amounts to 1000kg.Active constituent content sees Table 2 in the vitamin premix, and the active ingredient amount sees Table 3 in the mineral element premix.
With vitamin C, choline, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, calcium pantothenate, nicotinic acid, biotin, folic acid, cobalamin, inositol, vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K, do carrier and mixing with defatted rice bran.With magnesium sulfate, copper sulphate, ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, KI, cobalt chloride, sodium selenite, do carrier and mixing with zeolite powder.Inlet steam fish meal, peeling dregs of beans, dephenolization cottonseed protein, the 200 type dish dregs of rice, marigold residue are pulverized respectively, and smashing fineness is 90% by 40 orders; Inlet steam fish meal after pulverizing, peeling dregs of beans, dephenolization cottonseed protein, the 200 type dish dregs of rice, marigold residue and corn protein powder, calcium dihydrogen phosphate are mixed, carry out ultramicro grinding again, smashing fineness is 95% by 80 orders; Mixed material after pulverizing and Strong flour, soybean lecithin oil, salt, mannosan, vitamin premix, mineral element premix are mixed mixture homogeneity CV%≤10%, expanded granulation, oven dry, spraying fish oil.With the feed granules cooling, the feed temperature is not higher than 10 ℃ of environment temperatures, metering packing.Namely get Pelteobagrus fulvidraco finishing period mixed feed.
Embodiment 2-10
Press table 2, table 3 preparation vitamin premix and mineral element premix, in each component of ratio weighing in the table 1, total amount 1000kg, the preparation implementation process is with embodiment 1
The test of [test] nutritive index
The Pelteobagrus fulvidraco finishing period mixed feed that embodiment 1-10 is prepared, the feed that is nature after producing is light yellow, and particle diameter is even, and glossiness is good.Sampling is sent the comprehensive physical and chemical index of row to and is detected (inner quality supervision department is detected) respectively, and send Sichuan Province inspection center of feed master station to detect simultaneously, and its result all adheres to specification (company standard, numbering Q/QS SH-2012), sees Table 4.
The male board Pelteobagrus fulvidraco of table 4 state is bred the mixed feed nutritive index
Annotate: every nutritional labeling is basic calculation with 87% dry all.
The Pelteobagrus fulvidraco culture experiment
The Pelteobagrus fulvidraco culture experiment stage comprises lab scale and pilot scale.The lab scale test is carried out in new Hope Group research and development base, from May, 2010, has successively carried out 8 tests, comprises test Pelteobagrus fulvidraco 6400 tails; Pilot plant test is also newly being wished what carried out in the aquatic products base, comprises test Pelteobagrus fulvidraco 12000 tails, and the lab scale achievement has been carried out further checking and demonstration popularization.The proving ground, the test fishing ground water condition that carry out lab scale and pilot scale are good, and test responsible person and enforcement personnel are the professional cultural technique personnel with rich experiences, the experimental design scientific and precise, and result of the test is true and reliable.
Lab scale and pilot plant test result show (seeing culture experiment 1-3 for details): (1) yellow-head catfish feed feed coefficient of the present invention is good, reached 1.02 ± 0.03, compare the about 10%(culture experiment 1-3 of raising with commercially available yellow-head catfish feed, brand A:1.14 ± 0.02, brand B:1.13 ± 0.01), in culturing, Pelteobagrus fulvidraco has outstanding substantive meaning.(2) use yellow-head catfish feed of the present invention to culture, the Pelteobagrus fulvidraco death rate lower (reducing more than 90%), body colour nature.(3) anti-stress ability better (compare commercially available feed and promote 20%-25%).(4) attack malicious survival rate and improve about 1 times.(5) clean feed cost is lower.
In sum, yellow-head catfish feed of the present invention has outstanding progress, is that the new and effective Pelteobagrus fulvidraco that is worthy to be popularized is bred feed.
Culture experiment 1
The male board Pelteobagrus fulvidraco of state is bred mixed feed to the test report-1 of yellow catfish growing, body colour, anti-stress ability and resistance against diseases influence
1.1, test objective
The male board Pelteobagrus fulvidraco of exploitation state is bred mixed feed.
1.2, materials and methods
1.2.1 experimental design
Handle A: the male Pelteobagrus fulvidraco 2# of control group 1(state)
Treatments B: control group 2 (competing product-Pelteobagrus fulvidraco is bred mixed feed)
Handle C: the male board Pelteobagrus fulvidraco of state is bred mixed feed, embodiment 10 preparation gained.
1.2.2 experimental animal
Selecting body weight is Pelteobagrus fulvidraco 1200 tails of 12.25 ± 0.05g, is divided into A, B, three processing of C at random, and each handles 4 repetitions.Each repeats 100 tails, and initial body weight is respectively handled group difference not significantly (P〉0.05).
1.2.3 feeding and management
Test is carried out in new hope six and limited company Chengdu center technology department test site, all adopt the cage rearing of 1m * 1m * 1.5m, feed intake every day 4 times, be points in the mornings 7,11 points, afternoons 3 point, respectively throw 1 time for 7, feeding volume is 3-5%, and according to the weather condition adjustment, inventory increases by 10% week about.Configuration oxygenation facility in the net cage pond, and time opening are to guarantee oxygen abundance in the fishpond.Weekly with thermometer and fast water quality analyzer measure water quality water temperature, middle dissolved oxygen amount, content of nitrite, and perform record, require in the whole breeding process breeding water body dissolved oxygen greater than 5mg/l, ammonia nitrogen less than 0.02mg/l, nitrite less than 0.1mg/l.
1.2.4 testing index
Weightening finish (g/ tail)=W-W
0
Rate of body weight gain (WGR) (%)=100 * (W-W
0)/W
0
Moment growth rate (SGR)=(lnW-lnW
0) * 100/t;
Feed coefficient (FCR)=F/(W-W
0);
The initial mantissa of the dead fish number of the death rate=100 * duration of test/test fish;
Anti-stress ability: represent with hypoxia-resistant capacity
Attack poison back survival rate: attack poison with Aeromonas hydrophila, calculate the survival rate after 7 days
Body colour: three groups of fish body colour contrasts
Wherein, t: test fate;
W: the average weight of each treatment of fish (g) during off-test;
W
0: the average weight of each treatment of fish (g) during on-test;
F: the tail in the whole test phase is on average taken the photograph bait amount (g/ tail).
1.2.5 test period: amounted to 58 days from June 15th, 2011 to August 10.
1.3. data are handled
Carry out variance analysis and multiple ratio with the test data of SPSS11.0.
1.4. result and analysis
1.4.1 the long speed of test sashimi (raw fish)
After the off-test, on August 11st, 2011 each net cage test fish is weighed respectively in early morning in the morning, calculate every tail fish in each net cage average whole opisthosoma weight, weightening finish, rate of body weight gain and moment growth rate, the results are shown in Table 5.
As seen from Table 5, initial body weight is respectively handled group difference all not significantly (P〉0.05), shows that test divides combination to accord with the requirement of scientific experimentation fully.
By 58 days feeding experiment, the whole opisthosoma of handling C is heavy, rate of body weight gain and moment growth rate all be significantly higher than and handle A and treatments B (P＜0.05), and handle A and treatments B difference not significantly (P〉0.05).This result shows: the male board Pelteobagrus fulvidraco of state is bred the speed of growth that mixed feed has significantly improved Pelteobagrus fulvidraco.
The initial body weight of table 5, whole opisthosoma weight, weightening finish, rate of body weight gain and moment growth rate
Notes: mark the whole differences of capitalization between the interior processed group of same row and represent to reach 0.01 the remarkable standard of putting down, the whole differences of lowercase represent to reach 0.05 the remarkable standard of putting down, later on all together.
1.4.2 feed coefficient
The tail average weight gain ((g/ tail) of the bait amount of on average taking the photograph (g/ tail)/Pelteobagrus fulvidraco of every tail Pelteobagrus fulvidraco in feed coefficient (FCR)=whole test phase;
The results are shown in Table 6.
Table 6 feed coefficient
As known from Table 6: the feed coefficient of handling C extremely significantly is lower than handles A and treatments B (P＜0.05), and handles A and treatments B differences not significantly (P〉0.05).This result of the test shows: under this experimental condition, the male board Pelteobagrus fulvidraco of state is bred the bait utilization that mixed feed has significantly improved the test Pelteobagrus fulvidraco.
1.4.3 the death rate
Duration of test records the dead quantity of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco every day, calculates the death rate after the off-test, the dead mantissa's (tail) of the death rate=100*/100(tail)
The results are shown in Table 7.
Table 7 death rate
| Project | The death rate |
| Handle A | 8.33±1.92 a |
| Treatments B | 7.50±4.19 a |
| Handle C | 0.83±1.66 b |
As can be seen from Table 7, the death rate of handling C significantly is lower than handles A and treatments B (P＜0.05), and handles A and treatments B difference not significantly (P〉0.05).This result of the test shows: under this experimental condition, the male board Pelteobagrus fulvidraco of state is bred the survival rate that mixed feed has significantly improved Pelteobagrus fulvidraco.
1.4.4 body colour
Table 8 test fish body colour
| Project | Body colour |
| Handle A | The back is light yellow alternate with black, and belly is light yellow |
| Treatments B | Whole body black |
| Handle C | The back is yellow black alternate, the belly yellow |
1.4.5 anti-stress ability
After the off-test, the Pelteobagrus fulvidraco of each processing selecting 20 tail health, being put into ammonia nitrogen concentration is in the 25mg/l fish jar, records the death time of every tail fish respectively, relatively begins the dead time, all time and the MDT of death the results are shown in Table 9.
Table 9 test Pelteobagrus fulvidraco anti-stress ability
As can be seen from Table 9, compare with treatments B with handling A, the anti-stress ability of handling C obviously strengthens, and the MDT of 20 tails test fish prolongs 44 minutes respectively and 54 minutes than handling A and treatments B.This result shows: the male board Pelteobagrus fulvidraco of state is bred the anti-stress ability (representing with hypoxia-resistant capacity) that mixed feed has significantly improved Pelteobagrus fulvidraco.
1.4.6 attack poison back survival rate
Challenge test, each handles Pelteobagrus fulvidraco 20 tails that choosing is healthy, body weight approaches, and lumbar injection concentration is 1.5 * 10 respectively
5The Aeromonas hydrophila of cfu/g is observed the Pelteobagrus fulvidraco death rate.
The results are shown in Table 10.
Table 10 test Pelteobagrus fulvidraco is attacked the survival rate behind the poison
| Project | Attack malicious fish tail number | That attacks a back week of poison survives the fish tail number | Aeromonas hydrophila is attacked the survival rate (%) behind the poison |
| Handle A | 20 | 5 | 25 |
| Treatments B | 20 | 6 | 30 |
| Handle C | 20 | 13 | 65 |
As known from Table 10: compare with treatments B with handling A, the survival rate of attacking behind the poison of handling the C group obviously improves, and this result shows, breeds with the male board Pelteobagrus fulvidraco of state and puies forward the obvious ability that improves the Pelteobagrus fulvidraco resist the disease after mixed feed is fed.
1.4.7 Economic and Efficiency Analysis
Net gain feed cost (unit/kilogram)=feed price * feed coefficient the results are shown in Table 11.
Table 11 Economic and Efficiency Analysis
As known from Table 11: compare with handling A, the net gain feed cost of handling C has reduced by 0.845 yuan/kg, has obviously improved economic benefit, so the male board Pelteobagrus fulvidraco of state is bred mixed feed and is worthy to be popularized.Simultaneously, it can also be seen that from table 6, breed with the male board Pelteobagrus fulvidraco of state and put forward the obvious ability that improves the Pelteobagrus fulvidraco resist the disease after mixed feed is fed Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, when having the explosive disease of fish to attack, can reduce the generation of fish disease, thereby increase economic benefit.
1.5, conclusion
By this experimental study, reach a conclusion: under this experimental condition, breeding material with common Pelteobagrus fulvidraco compares, the male board Pelteobagrus fulvidraco of state is bred the speed of growth, bait utilization, anti-stress ability and the premunition that mixed feed has significantly improved Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, under the condition of not adding pigment, improve body colour, thereby increase economic efficiency, therefore be worthy to be popularized.
Culture experiment 2
The male board Pelteobagrus fulvidraco of state is bred mixed feed to the test report-2 of yellow catfish growing, body colour, anti-stress ability and resistance against diseases influence
2.1, test objective
The male board Pelteobagrus fulvidraco of exploitation state is bred mixed feed.
2.2, materials and methods
2.2.1 experimental design
Handle A: the male Pelteobagrus fulvidraco 2# of control group 1(state)
Treatments B: control group 2 (competing product-Pelteobagrus fulvidraco is bred mixed feed)
Handle C: the male board Pelteobagrus fulvidraco of state is bred mixed feed, embodiment 10 preparation gained.
2.2.2 experimental animal
Selecting body weight is Pelteobagrus fulvidraco 1200 tails of 13.21 ± 0.12g, is divided into A, B, three processing of C at random, and each handles 4 repetitions.Each repeats 100 tails, and initial body weight is respectively handled group difference not significantly (P〉0.05).
2.2.3 feeding and management
Test new wish six and limited company Chengdu center technology department test site carry out, all adopt the cage rearing of 1m * 1m * 1.5m, feed intake every day 4 times, namely the mornings 7 point, 11 points, afternoons 3, point was respectively thrown 1 time for 7.Inventory increases by 10% week about.Configuration oxygenation facility in the net cage pond, and time opening are to guarantee oxygen abundance in the fishpond.Weekly with thermometer and fast water quality analyzer measure water quality water temperature, middle dissolved oxygen amount, content of nitrite, and perform record, require in the whole breeding process breeding water body dissolved oxygen greater than 5mg/l, ammonia nitrogen less than 0.02mg/l, nitrite less than 0.1mg/l.
2.2.4 testing index
Weightening finish (g/ tail)=W-W
0
Rate of body weight gain (WGR) (%)=100 * (W-W
0)/W
0
Moment growth rate (SGR)=(lnW-lnW
0) * 100/t;
Feed coefficient (FCR)=F/(W-W
0);
The initial mantissa of the dead fish number of the death rate=100 * duration of test/test fish;
Anti-stress ability: represent with hypoxia-resistant capacity;
Attack poison back survival rate: attack poison with Aeromonas hydrophila, calculate the survival rate after 7 days;
Body colour: three groups of fish body colour contrasts;
Wherein, t: test fate;
W: the average weight of each treatment of fish (g) during off-test;
W
0: the average weight of each treatment of fish (g) during on-test;
F: the tail in the whole test phase is on average taken the photograph bait amount (g/ tail).
2.2.5 test period: amounted to 58 days from June 14th, 2011 to August 09.
2.3. data are handled
Carry out variance analysis and multiple ratio with the test data of SPSS11.0.
2.4. result and analysis
2.4.1 the long speed of test sashimi (raw fish)
The results are shown in Table 12.
As seen from Table 12, initial body weight is respectively handled group difference all not significantly (P〉0.05), shows that test divides combination to accord with the requirement of scientific experimentation fully.
By 58 days feeding experiment, the whole opisthosoma of handling C is heavy, rate of body weight gain and moment growth rate all be significantly higher than and handle A and treatments B (P＜0.05), and handle A and treatments B difference not significantly (P〉0.05).This result shows: the male board Pelteobagrus fulvidraco of state is bred the speed of growth that mixed feed has significantly improved Pelteobagrus fulvidraco.
The initial body weight of table 12, whole opisthosoma weight, weightening finish, rate of body weight gain and moment growth rate
Notes: mark the whole differences of capitalization between the interior processed group of same row and represent to reach 0.01 the remarkable standard of putting down, the whole differences of lowercase represent to reach 0.05 the remarkable standard of putting down, later on all together.
2.4.2 feed coefficient
The results are shown in Table 13.
Table 13 feed coefficient
As known from Table 13: the feed coefficient of handling C extremely significantly is lower than handles A and treatments B (P＜0.05), and handles A and treatments B differences not significantly (P〉0.05).This result of the test shows: under this experimental condition, the male board Pelteobagrus fulvidraco of state is bred the bait utilization that mixed feed has significantly improved the test Pelteobagrus fulvidraco.
2.4.3 the death rate
The results are shown in Table 14.
Table 14 death rate (%)
| Project | The death rate |
| Handle A | 8.50±1.72 a |
| Treatments B | 8.50±2.50 a |
| Handle C | 0.00±0.00 b |
As can be seen from Table 14, the death rate of handling C significantly is lower than handles A and treatments B (P＜0.05), and handles A and treatments B difference not significantly (P〉0.05).This result of the test shows: under this experimental condition, the male board Pelteobagrus fulvidraco of state is bred the survival rate that mixed feed has significantly improved Pelteobagrus fulvidraco.
2.4.4 body colour
Table 15 test fish body colour
| Project | Body colour |
| Handle A | The back is light yellow alternate with black, and belly is light yellow |
| Treatments B | Whole body black |
| Handle C | The back is yellow black alternate, the belly yellow |
2.4.4 anti-stress ability
After the off-test, the Pelteobagrus fulvidraco of each processing selecting 20 tail health, being put into ammonia nitrogen concentration is in the 25mg/l fish jar, records the death time of every tail fish respectively, relatively begins the dead time, all time and the MDT of death the results are shown in Table 9.
The results are shown in Table 16.
The ability of table 16 test Pelteobagrus fulvidraco lower oxygen concentration resistance
As can be seen from Table 16, compare with treatments B with handling A, the stress ability of seeing of handling C obviously strengthens, and the MDT of 20 tails test fish prolongs 60 minutes respectively and 50 minutes than handling A and treatments B.This result shows: the male board Pelteobagrus fulvidraco of state is bred the anti-stress ability (representing with hypoxia-resistant capacity) that mixed feed has significantly improved Pelteobagrus fulvidraco.
2.4.5 attack poison back survival rate
Challenge test, each handles Pelteobagrus fulvidraco 20 tails that choosing is healthy, body weight approaches, and lumbar injection concentration is 1.5 * 10 respectively
5The Aeromonas hydrophila of cfu/g is observed Pelteobagrus fulvidraco death rate method
The results are shown in Table 17.
Table 17 test Pelteobagrus fulvidraco is attacked the survival rate behind the poison
| Project | Attack malicious fish tail number | That attacks a back week of poison survives the fish tail number | Aeromonas hydrophila is attacked the survival rate (%) behind the poison |
| Handle A | 20 | 7 | 35 |
| Treatments B | 20 | 7 | 35 |
| Handle C | 20 | 12 | 60 |
As known from Table 17: compare with treatments B with handling A, the survival rate of attacking behind the poison of handling the C group obviously improves, and this result shows, breeds with the male board Pelteobagrus fulvidraco of state and puies forward the obvious ability that improves the Pelteobagrus fulvidraco resist the disease after mixed feed is fed.
2.4.6 Economic and Efficiency Analysis
Net gain feed cost (unit/kilogram)=feed price * feed coefficient the results are shown in Table 18.
Table 18 Economic and Efficiency Analysis
As known from Table 18: compare with handling A, the net gain feed cost of handling C has reduced by 0.845 yuan/kg, has obviously improved economic benefit, so the male board Pelteobagrus fulvidraco of state is bred mixed feed and is worthy to be popularized.Simultaneously, it can also be seen that from table 6, breed with the male board Pelteobagrus fulvidraco of state and put forward the obvious ability that improves the Pelteobagrus fulvidraco resist the disease after mixed feed is fed Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, when having the explosive disease of fish to attack, can reduce the generation of fish disease, thereby increase economic benefit.
2.5, conclusion
By this experimental study, reach a conclusion: under this experimental condition, breeding material with common Pelteobagrus fulvidraco compares, the male board Pelteobagrus fulvidraco of state is bred the speed of growth, bait utilization, anti-stress ability and the premunition that mixed feed has significantly improved Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, under the condition of not adding pigment, improve body colour, thereby increase economic efficiency, therefore be worthy to be popularized.
Culture experiment 3
The male board Pelteobagrus fulvidraco of state is bred mixed feed feeding experiment report (pilot scale)
3.1 test objective
Further the male board Pelteobagrus fulvidraco of checking state is bred the culture efficiency of mixed feed.
3.2. materials and methods
3.2.1 experimental design
Handle A: control group (the male Pelteobagrus fulvidraco 2# of state)
Treatments B: the male board Pelteobagrus fulvidraco of state is bred mixed feed, embodiment 10 preparation gained.
3.2.2 experimental animal
Selecting body weight is Pelteobagrus fulvidraco 24000 tails of 3g, is equally divided into A, B, four ponds of C, D, and each pondfish weighs 6000 tails, and wherein A and C feed and handle A group material, the feed material of treatments B of B and D.
3.2.3 feeding and management
Test new wish six and technology department of limited company test site carry out, employing be that area is 4 ponds of 3 mu, feed intake every day 4 times, namely the mornings 7 point, 11 points, afternoons 3, point was respectively thrown 1 time for 7.Inventory increases by 10% week about.Configuration oxygenation facility in the pond, and time opening are to guarantee oxygen abundance in the fishpond.Weekly with thermometer and fast water quality analyzer measure water quality water temperature, middle dissolved oxygen amount, content of nitrite, require the dissolved oxygen requirement greater than 5mg/l, ammonia nitrogen less than 0.02mg/l, nitrite less than 0.1mg/l.3.6 mu of the test pond waters surface, depth of water 1-1.5 rice.
3.2.4 testing index
Weightening finish=W-W
0
Rate of body weight gain (WGR) (%)=100 * (W-W
0)/W
0
Feed coefficient (FCR)=F/(W-W
0);
Survival rate=results mantissa/input mantissa;
Wherein, W: the gross weight (kg) of the test fish in each pond during off-test;
W
0: the gross weight (kg) of the test fish in each pond during on-test;
F: the bait amount of taking the photograph (kg/ tail) of each pondfish in the whole test phase.
3.2.5 test period: amounted to 50 days from May 16th, 2012 to July 5.
3.3. data are handled
Result of the test is represented with the average in two ponds.
3.4. result and analysis
3.4.1 the long speed of test sashimi (raw fish)
The results are shown in Table 19:
As can be seen from Table 19, compare with handling the A group, the weightening finish of treatments B group obviously improves.This result shows: the male board Pelteobagrus fulvidraco of state is bred the speed of growth that mixed feed has obviously improved Pelteobagrus fulvidraco.
The initial body weight of table 19, whole opisthosoma weight, weightening finish, rate of body weight gain
3.4.2 feed coefficient
The results are shown in Table 19
Table 19 feed coefficient
As known from Table 19: the feed coefficient of treatments B is starkly lower than handles A.This result of the test shows: under this experimental condition, the male board Pelteobagrus fulvidraco of state is bred the bait utilization that mixed feed has obviously improved the test Pelteobagrus fulvidraco.
3.4.3 survival rate
The results are shown in Table 20
Table 20 survival rate
Annotate: the mantissa in the table is calculated according to gross weight and tail counterpoise
As can be seen from Table 20, treatments B apparently higher than handling A.This result of the test shows: under this experimental condition, the male board Pelteobagrus fulvidraco of state is bred the survival rate that mixed feed can improve Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, makes survival rate improve 15.71%.
3.4.4 body colour
Two ponds of treatments B Pelteobagrus fulvidraco body colour is that the back is yellow black alternate, and the belly yellow is suitable with wild Pelteobagrus fulvidraco body colour, and control group (handling A) yellow is more shallow, and body colour is not as good as wild Pelteobagrus fulvidraco.
3.4.5 Economic and Efficiency Analysis
The results are shown in Table 21.
As known from Table 21: compare with handling A, the net gain feed cost of treatments B has reduced by 0.67 yuan/kg, and body colour is suitable with wild Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, sells the lover, has obviously improved economic benefit, so Pelteobagrus fulvidraco is bred mixed feed and is worthy to be popularized.Simultaneously, it can also be seen that from table 4, breed the survival rate that mixed feed is fed the obvious raising in back Pelteobagrus fulvidraco with the male board Pelteobagrus fulvidraco of state, when having the explosive disease of fish to attack, can reduce the generation of fish disease, thereby increase economic benefit.
Table 21 Economic and Efficiency Analysis
3.5, conclusion
By this experimental study, reach a conclusion: compare with common Pelteobagrus fulvidraco material, the male board Pelteobagrus fulvidraco of state is bred the speed of growth, bait utilization and the premunition that mixed feed has significantly improved Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, improves body colour under the condition of not adding pigment, thereby increase economic efficiency, therefore be worthy to be popularized.
Claims (10)
1. a Pelteobagrus fulvidraco finishing period mixed feed is characterized in that, is made by the following raw material of percentage by weight:
Inlet steam fish meal 25%-33%, peeling dregs of beans 10%-21%, dephenolization cottonseed protein 5%-15%, 200 type dish dregs of rice 2%-8%, Strong flour 18%-22%, corn protein powder 5%-10%, marigold residue 3%-5%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1.5%-2.5%, fish oil 2%-3%, soybean lecithin oil 1.5%-2.5%, salt 0.1%-0.3%, mannosan 0.05%-0.1%, vitamin premix 0.4%-0.6%, mineral element premix 0.4%-0.6%;
Contain vitamin C, vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, prokeyvit, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, cobalamin, biotin, inositol, folic acid, nicotinic acid, calcium pantothenate and choline in the described vitamin premix, carrier is defatted rice bran;
Sulfur acid copper, ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, magnesium sulfate, KI, cobalt chloride and sodium selenite in the described mineral element premix, carrier is zeolite powder.
2. Pelteobagrus fulvidraco finishing period mixed feed according to claim 1 is characterized in that, is made by the following raw material of percentage by weight:
Inlet steam fish meal 25%, peeling dregs of beans 21%, dephenolization cottonseed protein 15%, the 200 type dish dregs of rice 2.4%, Strong flour 18%, corn protein powder 5%, marigold residue 5%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 2.5%, fish oil 3%, soybean lecithin oil 1.5%, salt 0.3%, mannosan 0.1%, vitamin premix 0.6%, mineral element premix 0.6%.
3. Pelteobagrus fulvidraco finishing period mixed feed according to claim 1 is characterized in that, is made by the following raw material of percentage by weight:
Inlet steam fish meal 26%, peeling dregs of beans 19%, dephenolization cottonseed protein 14%, the 200 type dish dregs of rice 3.2%, Strong flour 18.5%, corn protein powder 6%, marigold residue 4.9%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 2.4%, fish oil 2.9%, soybean lecithin oil 1.6%, salt 0.3%, mannosan 0.09%, vitamin premix 0.56%, mineral element premix 0.55%.
4. Pelteobagrus fulvidraco finishing period mixed feed according to claim 1 is characterized in that, is made by the following raw material of percentage by weight:
Inlet steam fish meal 28%, peeling dregs of beans 17%, dephenolization cottonseed protein 12%, the 200 type dish dregs of rice 3%, Strong flour 19.5%, corn protein powder 8%, marigold residue 4.7%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 2.2%, fish oil 2.5%, soybean lecithin oil 1.8%, salt 0.21%, mannosan 0.09%, vitamin premix 0.5%, mineral element premix 0.5%.
5. Pelteobagrus fulvidraco finishing period mixed feed according to claim 1 is characterized in that, is made by the following raw material of percentage by weight:
Inlet steam fish meal 29%, peeling dregs of beans 16%, dephenolization cottonseed protein 11%, the 200 type dish dregs of rice 3.4%, Strong flour 20%, corn protein powder 8.5%, marigold residue 4.5%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 2.1%, fish oil 2.4%, soybean lecithin oil 1.9%, salt 0.2%, mannosan 0.07%, vitamin premix 0.48%, mineral element premix 0.45%.
6. Pelteobagrus fulvidraco finishing period mixed feed according to claim 1 is characterized in that, is made by the following raw material of percentage by weight:
Inlet steam fish meal 31%, peeling dregs of beans 14%, dephenolization cottonseed protein 9%, the 200 type dish dregs of rice 5%, Strong flour 21%, corn protein powder 9%, marigold residue 3.8%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1.9%, fish oil 2.1%, soybean lecithin oil 2.1%, salt 0.15%, mannosan 0.05%, vitamin premix 0.4%, mineral element premix 0.5%.
7. Pelteobagrus fulvidraco finishing period mixed feed according to claim 1 is characterized in that, is made by the following raw material of percentage by weight:
Inlet steam fish meal 33%, peeling dregs of beans 10%, dephenolization cottonseed protein 7%, the 200 type dish dregs of rice 7.8%, Strong flour 22%, corn protein powder 10%, marigold residue 3%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1.7%, fish oil 2%, soybean lecithin oil 2.3%, salt 0.1%,, mannosan 0.1%, vitamin premix 0.45%, mineral element premix 0.55%.
8. Pelteobagrus fulvidraco finishing period mixed feed according to claim 1 is characterized in that, is made by the following raw material of percentage by weight:
Inlet steam fish meal 32%, peeling dregs of beans 12%, dephenolization cottonseed protein 8%, the 200 type dish dregs of rice 6.7%, Strong flour 21.5%, corn protein powder 9.5%, marigold residue 3%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1.8%, fish oil 2.1%, soybean lecithin oil 2.2%, salt 0.15%, mannosan 0.08%, vitamin premix 0.52%, mineral element premix 0.45%.
9. Pelteobagrus fulvidraco finishing period mixed feed according to claim 1 is characterized in that, is made by the following raw material of percentage by weight:
Inlet steam fish meal 34%, peeling dregs of beans 9%, dephenolization cottonseed protein 8%, the 200 type dish dregs of rice 6%, Strong flour 22%, corn protein powder 10%, marigold residue 4%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1.6%, fish oil 2%, soybean lecithin oil 2.2%, salt 0.1%, mannosan 0.06%, vitamin premix 0.44%, mineral element premix 0.6%.
10. a method for preparing the arbitrary described Pelteobagrus fulvidraco finishing period mixed feed of claim 1-9 is characterized in that, comprises following steps:
(1) preparation vitamin premix: take by weighing vitamin C, choline, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, calcium pantothenate, nicotinic acid, biotin, folic acid, cobalamin, inositol, vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K in proportion, make carrier and mix with defatted rice bran;
(2) preparation mineral element premix: take by weighing magnesium sulfate, copper sulphate, ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, KI, cobalt chloride, sodium selenite in proportion, make carrier and mix with zeolite powder;
(3) take by weighing inlet steam fish meal, peeling dregs of beans, dephenolization cottonseed protein, the 200 type dish dregs of rice, Strong flour, corn protein powder, marigold residue, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, fish oil, soybean lecithin oil, salt, mannosan, vitamin premix, mineral element premix in proportion;
(4) steam fish meal, peeling dregs of beans, dephenolization cottonseed protein, the 200 type dish dregs of rice, marigold residue are carried out first time respectively and pulverize, smashing fineness is 90% to pass through 40 mesh sieves;
(5) inlet steam fish meal, peeling dregs of beans, dephenolization cottonseed protein, the 200 type dish dregs of rice, marigold residue and corn protein powder, the calcium dihydrogen phosphate that will handle through step (4) mixes, and carries out pulverization process second time, and smashing fineness is 95% to pass through 80 orders;
(6) mixture that step (5) processing is obtained and Strong flour, soybean lecithin oil, salt, mannosan, vitamin premix, mineral element premix are carried out the second time and are mixed mixture homogeneity CV%≤10%;
(7) material that mixes is carried out expanded granulation, oven dry;
(8) feed granules to step (7) oven dry gained sprays fish oil, and cooling, and the feed temperature is not higher than 10 ℃ of environment temperatures;
(9) metering packing.
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| CN107232439A (en) * | 2017-07-25 | 2017-10-10 | 四川铁骑力士实业有限公司 | Biological feedstuff for Pelteobagrus fulvidraco and the Pelteobagrus fulvidraco material added with the biological feedstuff |
| CN107149058A (en) * | 2017-07-26 | 2017-09-12 | 广州渔鱼悦生物科技有限公司 | A kind of fish meal and preparation method thereof |
| CN107897583A (en) * | 2017-12-07 | 2018-04-13 | 通威股份有限公司 | A kind of hyperchromic efficient health feed of red white fancy carp |
| CN108260714A (en) * | 2018-01-23 | 2018-07-10 | 安徽金桥湾农业科技有限公司 | A kind of one age of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco fish special feed |
| CN108576485A (en) * | 2018-03-28 | 2018-09-28 | 广东省农业科学院动物科学研究所 | Application of the black soldier flies larva powder in improving aquatic products meat feed |
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