CN103261689B - Freezing air conditioner compressor and refrigerating air-conditioning - Google Patents

Freezing air conditioner compressor and refrigerating air-conditioning Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103261689B
CN103261689B CN201180061046.9A CN201180061046A CN103261689B CN 103261689 B CN103261689 B CN 103261689B CN 201180061046 A CN201180061046 A CN 201180061046A CN 103261689 B CN103261689 B CN 103261689B
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Prior art keywords
oil
air conditioner
cold
producing medium
compressor
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CN103261689A (en
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太田亮
井关崇
荒木邦成
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Hitachi Johnson Controls Air Conditioning Inc
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Hitachi Appliances Inc
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Priority to CN201610265005.6A priority Critical patent/CN105907376B/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B1/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
    • C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
    • C09K5/04—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa
    • C09K5/041—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems
    • C09K5/044—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds
    • C09K5/045—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds containing only fluorine as halogen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
    • C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
    • C09K5/04—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M171/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by purely physical criteria, e.g. containing as base-material, thickener or additive, ingredients which are characterised exclusively by their numerically specified physical properties, i.e. containing ingredients which are physically well-defined but for which the chemical nature is either unspecified or only very vaguely indicated
    • C10M171/008—Lubricant compositions compatible with refrigerants
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00
    • F04B39/02—Lubrication
    • F04B39/0215—Lubrication characterised by the use of a special lubricant
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C18/00—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04C18/02—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids of arcuate-engagement type, i.e. with circular translatory movement of co-operating members, each member having the same number of teeth or tooth-equivalents
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C18/00—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04C18/02—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids of arcuate-engagement type, i.e. with circular translatory movement of co-operating members, each member having the same number of teeth or tooth-equivalents
    • F04C18/0207—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids of arcuate-engagement type, i.e. with circular translatory movement of co-operating members, each member having the same number of teeth or tooth-equivalents both members having co-operating elements in spiral form
    • F04C18/0215—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids of arcuate-engagement type, i.e. with circular translatory movement of co-operating members, each member having the same number of teeth or tooth-equivalents both members having co-operating elements in spiral form where only one member is moving
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C23/00—Combinations of two or more pumps, each being of rotary-piston or oscillating-piston type, specially adapted for elastic fluids; Pumping installations specially adapted for elastic fluids; Multi-stage pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04C23/008—Hermetic pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C29/00—Component parts, details or accessories of pumps or pumping installations, not provided for in groups F04C18/00 - F04C28/00
    • F04C29/02—Lubrication; Lubricant separation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
    • C09K2205/24—Only one single fluoro component present
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/28—Esters
    • C10M2207/283—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds
    • C10M2207/2835—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/28—Esters
    • C10M2207/30—Complex esters, i.e. compounds containing at leasst three esterified carboxyl groups and derived from the combination of at least three different types of the following five types of compounds: monohydroxyl compounds, polyhydroxy xompounds, monocarboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acids or hydroxy carboxylic acids
    • C10M2207/301—Complex esters, i.e. compounds containing at leasst three esterified carboxyl groups and derived from the combination of at least three different types of the following five types of compounds: monohydroxyl compounds, polyhydroxy xompounds, monocarboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acids or hydroxy carboxylic acids used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/04—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to an alcohol or ester thereof; bound to an aldehyde, ketonic, ether, ketal or acetal radical
    • C10M2209/043—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to an alcohol or ester thereof; bound to an aldehyde, ketonic, ether, ketal or acetal radical used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
    • C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
    • C10N2020/02—Viscosity; Viscosity index
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
    • C10N2020/09—Characteristics associated with water
    • C10N2020/097—Refrigerants
    • C10N2020/101—Containing Hydrofluorocarbons
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/30—Refrigerators lubricants or compressors lubricants
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C2210/00—Fluid
    • F04C2210/26—Refrigerants with particular properties, e.g. HFC-134a

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)
  • Compressor (AREA)
  • Rotary Pumps (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention has realized employing difluoromethane (HFC32) and has been improved as the antifriction consumption of the freezing air conditioner compressor of cold-producing medium, and long-term reliability improves, and adopts the high efficiency of the refrigerating and air conditioning circulation of the freezing air conditioner of this compressor simultaneously. Possess have sliding part refrigerant compression portion, enclosed as the difluoromethane of cold-producing medium and the compressor of refrigerator oil (100), adopting the kinetic viscosity of 40 DEG C is 30～100mm2The refrigerator oil of/s scope, the low temperature side critical solution temperature of cold-producing medium and refrigerator oil is below+10 DEG C.

Description

Freezing air conditioner compressor and refrigerating air-conditioning
Technical field
The present invention relates to adopt freezing air conditioner compressor and the refrigerating air-conditioning of thermal pump circulation.
Background technology
In freezing air conditioner field, as earth environment countermeasure, can enumerate the cold-producing medium as the material that damages the ozone layerAnd the CFC(CFC using in heat-barrier material, Chlorofluorocarbons) and HCFC(hydrogenated chloride fluorine hydrocarbon,Hydrochlorofluorocarbons) substitute, and, in high efficiency and cold-producing medium as treatment of global warmingUse HFC(hydrogen fluorohydrocarbon, Hydrofluorocarbons) substitute, these have obtained positive progress.
As the substitute of CFC and the HCFC of the material that damages the ozone layer, mainly never damage the ozone layer, toxicity and flammabilityLow and guarantee that efficiency has in mind, carry out the selected of cold-producing medium and heat-barrier material and machine exploitation. Consequently, as freezerHeat-barrier material blowing agent, replaces CFC11 by the order of HCFC141b, pentamethylene gradually, now to vacuum heat insulation materialAnd use future development.
In addition, as cold-producing medium, in refrigerator and air conditioner for automobile, use gradually HFC134a(GWP(GlobalWarmingPotential: greenhouse effects of the earth coefficient)=1430)) replace CFC12, in indoor air conditioner and air-conditioning box, use R410A(HFC32/HFC125(50/50 % by weight) mixture: GWP=2088) replacement HCFC22.
But the 3rd Meeting of States Parties of climate change frame set treaty (COP3) that hold in capital of a country in 1997 is upper, HFCDischarge rate, as greenhouse gases, is converted into CO2Since control object, carry out the reduction of HFC discharge rate.
Therefore, in domestic refrigerator, few from cold-producing medium enclosed volume, when combustible refrigerant is manufactured, spendable viewpoint is sentencedDisconnected, flammable R600a(iso-butane: GWP=3) can replace HFC134a. In addition, due to the raising of public opinion, now, automobile skyThe R410A that the HFC134a that tune machine is used and indoor air conditioner and air-conditioning box are used also causes that people pay close attention to. On the other hand, business is with coldHide in storehouse, because the enclosed volume of R600a is many, worry to there is larger combustibility, even if also use now HFC134a.
Actual situation is, the household electrical appliances recirculation methods (specific household electrical appliances commercialization method again) of implementing due to calendar year 2001 and 2003The automobile recirculation method implemented (relating to the law of the renewable resources etc. of crate), the recirculation normalization of machinery, as systemThe HFC that cryogen uses etc. is recovered, processes. But, the EU(European Community) instruction (Directive2006/40/EC) in 2006In, the air conditioner for automobile that dispatch from the factory in January, 2011, the cold-producing medium wherein using, bans use of the cold-producing medium of GWP > 150. Limit by itSystem, air conditioner for automobile industry has been taked various improvement, even if whether indoor air conditioner also produces and control R410A is anyWorry. According to above-mentioned EU instruction, comprise the regulation of the air conditioner of sizing in 2011, also there is the possibility of revaluation, accelerateThe discussion of cold-producing medium substitute.
As these alternative refrigerant, from thering is the hot physical property equal with HFC134a, low GWP, hypotoxicity, low flammableProperty etc. reason consider, 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoeopropene (HFO1234yf(Hydrofluoroolefin) (GWP=4), 1,3,3,3-Tetrafluoeopropene (HFO1234ze) (GWP=10) or the separate refrigeration agent of difluoromethane (HFC32) or these mix refrigerant canAs candidate. For example, as with the mix refrigerant of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoeopropene (HFO1234yf), with difluoromethane(HFC32) be main.
In addition, for low flammability, according to allowed GWP(greenhouse effects of the earth coefficient), also can consider and HFC134aOr HFC125 mixes.
As other cold-producing medium, can enumerate the hydrocarbon such as propane, propylene and fluoroethane (HFC161), Difluoroethane(HFC152a) the hydrogen fluorohydrocarbon of low GWP such as. In the cold-producing medium of these candidates, according to combustibility, cooling-heating room ability, non-azeotropic systemRefrigerant temperature gradient, considers that reduction, processing ease, the cold-producing medium cost of refrigerating and air conditioning cycle efficieny, the change of machine (openSend out) etc., difluoromethane (HFC32) is most preferred.
But, air-conditioning box or multi-stage air conditioner, because the pipe arrangement of formation refrigerating and air conditioning circulation is long, the cold-producing medium envelope of eachEnter amount many, be difficult to adopt flammable high cold-producing medium. In addition, because pipe arrangement is long, essential employing is good with the intermiscibility of cold-producing mediumRefrigerator oil.
Refrigerator oil, during for sealed electrical compressor, plays lubricated, the sealing of its sliding part, cooling etc. effect.The most important characteristic of freezing air conditioner refrigerator oil is and the intermiscibility of cold-producing medium, in the compressor of off-premises station configuration, to work as liquidWhen cryogen separates with two layers of refrigerator oil generations, supply with the liquid refrigerant separating to each sliding part, have to produce and lubricateBad worry. In addition, in compressor operating, by mechanical effect, refrigerator oil forms vaporific and is ejected to refrigerating and air conditioning and followsRing, intermiscibility worsens, and refrigerator oil is detained at the low-temp. portion of refrigerating and air conditioning circulation, reduces to the oil amount of returning of compressor.Particularly, in the time adopting air-conditioning box or multi-stage air conditioner, because the pipe arrangement of formation refrigerating and air conditioning circulation is long, adopt therefore essential and makeThe good refrigerator oil of intermiscibility of cryogen.
Two layers of separation of cold-producing medium and refrigerator oil, can adopt according to two of refrigerator oil concentration layers of detach Spline and commentValency. Two layers of separation of low temperature side, the curve protruding is formed at top. The maximum of this curve is two layers of separation temperature of low temperature side(UCST:Uppercriticalsolutiontemperature), this temperature is lower, and intermiscibility better.
Employing has the freezing air conditioner compressor of the freezing air conditioner refrigerator oil of intermiscibility, can enumerate patent documentationThe employing of recording in 1 and HF hydrocarbon series coolant have the compression of polyvinyl ether oil or the polyalcohol ester oil of certain intermiscibilityMachine. HF hydrocarbon is representational 2,3,3, and 3-tetrafluoeopropene (HFO1234yf), has confirmed to have and mix with these refrigerator oilsProperty, known in addition, the intermiscibility of disclosed refrigerator oil and difluoromethane is poor.
In addition, patent documentation 2 discloses the refrigerator oil that has intermiscibility with hydrocarbon system cold-producing medium. Hydrocarbon system cold-producing medium also with patentDocument 1 is same, has intermiscibility with various refrigerator oils, but mixes with difluoromethane difficulty.
Patent documentation 3 discloses employing and the cold-producing medium refrigerator without the alkylbenzene oil of intermiscibility. By adopting refrigerationAgent, without the refrigerator oil of intermiscibility, is easily guaranteed the lubricating oil film in compressor sliding part, but due to from refrigerating and air conditioning circulation nothingNew oil eliminator returns to oil mass, therefore must be set. In addition, alkylbenzene oil used herein, is also non-mixing to difluoromethaneProperty.
In patent documentation 4, disclose to adopt cold-producing medium is shown the refrigerator oil of non-intermiscibility and cold-producing medium is shown and mixedThe Scrawl compressor of the miscella that the refrigerator oil of property mixes, it can adopt the refrigerator mixing with difluoromethaneOil. But long-term reliability and refrigerating and air conditioning cycle efficieny are still insufficient.
In addition, patent documentation 5 and patent documentation 6 disclose a kind of polyalcohol ester oil that difluoromethane is shown to intermiscibility,But intermiscibility is also insufficient.
[prior art document]
[patent documentation]
[patent documentation 1] JP 2010-236542 communique
[patent documentation 2] Unexamined Patent 10-130685 communique
[patent documentation 3] Unexamined Patent 9-31450 communique
[patent documentation 4] Unexamined Patent 7-259755 communique
[patent documentation 5] JP 2010-235960 communique
[patent documentation 6] JP 2002-129178 communique
Summary of the invention
The problem that invention will solve
The object of the invention is, adopt difluoromethane (HFC32) as cold-producing medium, improve the resistance to of freezing air conditioner compressorAbrasion, improves long-term reliability, meanwhile, realizes the high efficiency refrigerating and air conditioning of the freezing air conditioner that has adopted this compressor and followsRing.
For solving the means of problem
Freezing air conditioner compressor of the present invention, is characterized in that, possesses refrigerant compression portion, the inclosure with sliding partAs difluoromethane and the refrigerator oil of cold-producing medium, above-mentioned refrigerator oil is 30～100mm the kinetic viscosity of 40 DEG C2/ s, onState the low temperature side critical solution temperature of cold-producing medium and above-mentioned refrigerator oil below+10 DEG C.
Invention effect
According to the present invention, a kind of refrigerating air-conditioning is provided, it adopts the refrigerating and air conditioning using difluoromethane as cold-producing mediumWith compressor, this device both can guarantee that long-term reliability and oil returned to characteristic, had considered again earth environment.
[brief description of the drawings]
The skeleton diagram of [Fig. 1] indoor air conditioner structure.
The sectional drawing of the vortex hermetic type compressor that [Fig. 2] indoor air conditioner is used.
Detailed description of the invention
The freezing air conditioner compressor below one embodiment of this invention being related to and adopt its refrigerating air-conditioning to enterRow explanation.
Above-mentioned freezing air conditioner compressor possesses the refrigerant compression portion with sliding part, encloses the difluoro as cold-producing mediumMethane and refrigerator oil. Refrigerator oil is herein 30～100mm the kinetic viscosities of 40 DEG C2/ s, cold-producing medium and refrigerator oilLow temperature side critical solution temperature is below+10 DEG C. In addition, under 60 DEG C, the condition of 2.5MPa, molten with respect to oily cold-producing mediumSolution amount is 17～22 % by weight, and oil viscosity when cold-producing medium dissolves is 3.0～5.0mm2/ s is preferred.
Refrigerator oil in above-mentioned freezing air conditioner compressor is polyalcohol ester oil or polyvinyl ether oil.
In above-mentioned freezing air conditioner compressor, polyalcohol ester oil as base oil contain choosing freely following chemical formula (1), (2),(3) and (4) represent compound (in formula, R1～R11Represent the alkyl of carbon number 4～9) and the group that forms of compound ester oil at leastA kind of.
In above-mentioned freezing air conditioner compressor, polyvinyl ether oil for the base oil with following chemical formula (5) expression (in formula,Qi(any one that i is 1～m, Q1～QmRepresent to carry out combination arranged in a straight line taking the numerical value of superscript type as order) comprise and having underState the chemical constitution that chemical formula (6) represents, the OR in following chemical formula (6)12For methoxyl group, ethyoxyl, propoxyl group or butoxy,Q1～QmAny one in the OR that contains12For methoxyl group, m is 5～15). Propoxyl group herein represents the use containing isopropoxyLanguage, butoxy represents the term containing isobutoxy, the second month in a season-butoxy and uncle-butoxy.
Further, Q1～QmWith the chemical constitution of combination arranged in a straight line with use Q1－Q2－Q3～Qm－1－QmThe chemistry knot representingStructure is identical value.
Above-mentioned refrigerating air-conditioning adopts above-mentioned freezing air conditioner compressor.
Vortex or rotary closed type compressor that above-mentioned freezing air conditioner compressor is built-in motor, refrigerator oil masterAgent is 30～100mm the kinetic viscosity of 40 DEG C2/s。
Above-mentioned refrigerating air-conditioning adopts above-mentioned vortex or rotary closed type compressor.
Below adopt embodiment to be elaborated.
The refrigerating air-conditioning that embodiment represents to adopt the compressor of difluoromethane and adopts this compressor.
The cold-producing medium of embodiment is difluoromethane, and refrigerator oil is polyalcohol ester oil or polyvinyl ether oil.
Polyalcohol ester oil is to adopt the condensation reaction of polyalcohol and unary fatty acid to obtain.
As polyalcohol ester oil, what preferred thermal stability was good is subject to resistance type, as the polyalcohol of raw material preferably, and exampleAs, neopentyl glycol, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythrite, dipentaerythritol etc.
In addition, be n-valeric acid, n-caproic acid, n-enanthic acid, n-sad, 2-first as the unary fatty acid of raw materialBase butyric acid, 3 Methylbutanoic acid, 2 methyl valeric acid, 2 Ethylbutanoic acid, 2 methyl caproic acid, 2 ethyl hexanoic acid, isooctyl acid, 3,5,5-tri-methyl hexanoic acids etc., these can be used alone, or two or more mixes use.
Compound polyalcohol ester oil (compound ester oil) is the esterification that binary of fatty acids is combined to polyalcohol with unary fatty acidCompound.
Herein as the polyalcohol of raw material, preferably, for example, neopentyl glycol, trimethylolpropane and pentaerythrite. SeparatelyAs the unary fatty acid of raw material, can enumerate n-valeric acid, n-caproic acid, n-enanthic acid, n-sad, 2-methyl fourth outward,Acid, 2 methyl valeric acid, 2 methyl caproic acid, 2 ethyl hexanoic acid, isooctyl acid, 3,5,5-tri-methyl hexanoic acid etc., these can be independentUse, or two or more mixes use. In addition, as the binary of fatty acids of raw material, can enumerate malonic acid, succinic acid, penta 2Acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid, suberic acid etc., these can be used alone, or two or more mixes use.
The object lesson of compound ester oil, represents with following chemical formula (7).
In formula, R13And R15Represent the alkyl of carbon number 4～9. In addition, R14Represent the alkylidene of carbon number 1～9. N represents positiveInteger.
In addition, the polymer that polyvinyl ether oil is alkoxy vinyl, in the time that the alkyl carbon number of alkoxyl is large, with difluoroThe intermiscibility of methane is poor, therefore methoxyl group and ethyoxyl are preferred.
The viscosity grade of the refrigerator oil using in the aircondition of embodiment and refrigerator, because of the kind of compressorDifferent, vortex hermetic type compressor, the kinetic viscosity of 40 DEG C is in 46～100mm2The scope of/s is preferred. In addition, rotaryHermetic type compressor, the kinetic viscosity of 40 DEG C is in 30～70mm2The scope of/s is preferred.
The temperature classification of electric insulation, with temperature classification and the heat durability evaluation JEC-6147-2010 of electrical insulation system(electric association electrical standard fact-finding meeting standard specification) specifies, freezing air conditioner with the insulating materials adopting in compressor alsoTemperature classification by above-mentioned specification is selected. But, in the time that freezing air conditioner is used organic insulation, due in cold-producing medium atmosphereIn the particular surroundings of gas, use, except temperature, can suppress because of distortion, sex change that pressure causes, in addition, due to also with cold-producing mediumAnd refrigerator oil isopolarity compound contact, consider the chemical mechanical steady of solvent resistance, resistance to extractibility, heat therefore essential((give after epithelium stress application, the trickle snake abdomen shape occurring in the time being immersed in cold-producing medium splits qualitative, resistance to cold-producing medium in be full of cracksLine), bubble (cold-producing medium absorbing in epithelium, the bubble of the epithelium causing with temperature rise)) etc. In addition, difluoromethane due toAdiabatic exponent is large, and the temperature rise of compression travel is large, therefore the heat resistance of electrically insulating material becomes extremely important.
Therefore, the essential insulating materials that uses high temperature classification (E kind is more than 120 DEG C).
The insulating materials using at most in compressor, can enumerate PET(PETG). With a point yardage rollThe coil insulation material unshakable in one's determination of motor, can adopt film material PET, the coated material of the static line of coil and the egress line of motorMaterial, can adopt fibrous PET. As the dielectric film beyond these, can enumerate PPS(polyphenylene sulfide), PEN(is poly-(ethylene naphthalate)), PEEK(polyether-ether-ketone), PI(polyimides), PA(polyamide) etc. In addition, the major insulation of coilLining material, can use THEIC modified poly ester, polyamide, polyamidoimide, polyesterimide, polyesteramide acid imideDeng, it is preferred using the dual coating copper cash of the dual coating of having implemented polyesterimide-amide imide.
In the present invention, though in above-mentioned refrigerator oil, add lubricity additive, antioxidant, sour agent for capturing, defoamer,Matal deactivators etc. are also without any problem. Particularly work as polyalcohol ester oil lower deteriorated because producing hydrolysis owing to coexisting at moisture,Therefore the cooperation of antioxidant and sour agent for capturing is necessary.
As antioxidant, preferably phenol is DBPC(2,6-BHT).
As sour agent for capturing, generally can use the compound with epoxide ring: aliphatic epoxy based compound and carbonChange imidodicarbonic diamide based compound. Particularly carbonization imidodicarbonic diamide based compound, because of high with the reactivity of aliphatic acid, can catchThe hydrogen ion dissociating from aliphatic acid, therefore the hydrolysis inhibition of polyalcohol ester oil is very large. As carbonization imidodicarbonic diamide beCompound, can enumerate two (2,6-isopropyl phenyl) carbonization imidodicarbonic diamide. The use level of acid agent for capturing, reaches refrigerator oilPreferred to 0.05～1.0 % by weight. In addition, polyvinyl ether oil, because antifriction consumption is poor, as lubricity additive,Hope coordinates the tertiary phosphate that trimethylphenyl phosphate is representative etc.
[embodiment]
(embodiment 1～14 and comparative example 1～11)
(refrigerator oil composition)
Enclose the cold-producing medium of freezing air conditioner compressor and the intermiscibility of refrigerator oil, as mentioned above, return from freeze cycleBe back to compressor the oil amount of returning (guaranteeing the oil mass of compressor inside) or the reduction of heat exchanger effectiveness etc., ensure compressor canConsidering by property aspect, is one of important characteristic.
The intermiscibility evaluation of difluoromethane and refrigerator oil, measures according to the numbering JISK2211 of Japanese Industrial Standards.
The mixture that the oil of any amount (refrigerator oil) is mixed, prepared with cold-producing medium is enclosed withstand voltage glass container,Under the state that changes temperature, carry out the observation of content. As content with white casse be judged to be two layers of separation, with transparentBe judged to be to dissolve.
Generally, by the combination of said mixture, there is separated region at high temperature side and low temperature side. Intermiscibility is peculiar asksTopic be low temperature side, during intermiscibility that the present embodiment carries out is evaluated, from mixture temperature-60 of carrying out two layers of separation DEG C slowlyRise, the state observation of carrying out two layers of separation, temperature is now measured as the temperature that two layers of separation occur. Here,The temperature of the two layers of separation data when more than 20 DEG C occur not to be obtained. More than 20 DEG C, there is the oil of two layers of separation, as coldThe compressor oil that freezes idle call is unaccommodated.
There are two layers of temperature separating with refrigerator oil in cold-producing medium, because concentration changes. At problematic low temperature side, formTop has the curve of protuberance, measures full oil concentration, and the maximum of detach Spline is low temperature side critical solution temperature, is importantTemperature. The compressor operation conditions of air conditioner, arrange off-premises station etc. outside air temperature, also have freeze cycle inner refrigerant and freezingThe concentration of machine oil, owing to there is many variations, two layers of separation temperature also change. Therefore, two layers under low temperature are separatedSay, whole cold-producing mediums and oil concentration measured to two layers of separation temperature, with its maximum evaluation be important. Now, low temperatureSide critical solution temperature does not occur under certain concentration. Therefore, even if measure two layers of separation temperature under certain concentration, alsoCan not serve as the suitable evaluation pointer of compressor with oil. Therefore,, in the intermiscibility of the present embodiment is evaluated, in cold-producing medium, mixOily concentration (oil concentration) as transverse axis, two layers of separation temperature, as the longitudinal axis, are made curve. This curve, general expression separatesBecome the oil concentration of the two layers dependence to temperature, form convex curve on the top that is having maximum. This maximum is defined as low temperatureSide critical solution temperature.
The refrigerator oil using, as described below. The kinetic viscosity of refrigerator oil when 40 DEG C of viscosity are herein 40 DEG C.
(A) be subject to resistance type polyol ester oil (H-POE) (valeric acid/3 of pentaerythrite system, the mixing of 5,5-tri-methyl hexanoic acidAliphatic acid ester oil): 40 DEG C of viscosity are 65.9mm2/s
(B) be subject to resistance type polyol ester oil (H-POE) (3,5 of trimethylolpropane system, the aliphatic acid of 5-tri-methyl hexanoic acidEster oil): 40 DEG C of viscosity are 51.6mm2/s
(C) be subject to resistance type polyol ester oil (H-POE) (2 methyl caproic acid/3 of pentaerythrite system, 5,5-tri-methyl hexanoic acidFatty acid mixed ester oil): 40 DEG C of viscosity are 60.1mm2/s
(D) be subject to resistance type polyol ester oil (the H-POE) (mixing-in fat of the valeric acid/2-Methyl Butyric Acid of dipentaerythritol systemAcid esters oil): 40 DEG C of viscosity are 64.8mm2/s
(E) be subject to resistance type polyol ester oil (the H-POE) (mixing-in fat of the caproic acid/2-Methyl Butyric Acid of dipentaerythritol systemAcid esters oil): 40 DEG C of viscosity are 71.2mm2/s
(F) (ester that neopentyl glycol is combined with dicarboxylic acids and monocarboxylic acid, as dicarboxyl for compound polyalcohol ester oil (C-POE)Acid adopts succinic acid and the fatty acid mixed of glutaric acid, mixing as monocarboxylic acid employing 2 methyl caproic acid/2 ethyl hexanoic acidThe ester oil of aliphatic acid): 40 DEG C of viscosity are 32.6mm2/s
(G) (ester that neopentyl glycol is combined with dicarboxylic acids and monocarboxylic acid, as dicarboxyl for compound polyalcohol ester oil (C-POE)Acid adopts succinic acid and the fatty acid mixed of glutaric acid, mixing as monocarboxylic acid employing 2 methyl caproic acid/2 ethyl hexanoic acidThe ester oil of aliphatic acid): 40 DEG C of viscosity are 50.8mm2/s
(H) (ester that neopentyl glycol is combined with dicarboxylic acids and monocarboxylic acid, as dicarboxyl for compound polyalcohol ester oil (C-POE)Acid adopts succinic acid and the fatty acid mixed of glutaric acid, mixing as monocarboxylic acid employing 2 methyl caproic acid/2 ethyl hexanoic acidThe ester oil of aliphatic acid): 40 DEG C of viscosity are 71.5mm2/s
(I) (polymer of alkoxy vinyl, alkoxyl is being total to of methoxyl group and ethyoxyl to polyvinyl ether oil (PVE)Aggressiveness ether oil): 40 DEG C of viscosity are 65.2mm2/s
(J) (polymer of alkoxy vinyl, alkoxyl is being total to of methoxyl group and ethyoxyl to polyvinyl ether oil (PVE)Aggressiveness ether oil): 40 DEG C of viscosity are 51.7mm2/s
(K) be subject to resistance type polyol ester oil (H-POE) (2 ethyl hexanoic acid/3 of pentaerythrite system, 5,5-tri-methyl hexanoic acidFatty acid mixed ester oil): 40 DEG C of viscosity are 64.9mm2/s
(L) be subject to resistance type polyol ester oil (H-POE) (2 ethyl hexanoic acid/3 of trimethylolpropane/pentaerythrite system, 5,The fatty acid mixed ester oil of 5-tri-methyl hexanoic acid): 40 DEG C of viscosity are 56.3mm2/s
(M) be subject to resistance type polyol ester oil (the H-POE) (mixing of the 2 methyl caproic acid/2 ethyl hexanoic acid of pentaerythrite systemAliphatic acid ester oil): 40 DEG C of viscosity are 31.4mm2/s
(N) be subject to resistance type polyol ester oil (the H-POE) (aliphatic acid of the 2 ethyl hexanoic acid of pentaerythrite/neopentyl glycol systemEster oil): 40 DEG C of viscosity are 14.9mm2/s
(O) be subject to resistance type polyol ester oil (H-POE) (the aliphatic acid ester oil of the 2 ethyl hexanoic acid of neopentyl glycol system): 40 DEG CViscosity is 7.5mm2/s
(P) (polymer of alkoxy vinyl, alkoxyl is ethyoxyl and isobutoxy for polyvinyl ether oil (PVE)EVA ether oil): 40 DEG C of viscosity are 64.9mm2/s
(Q) (polymer of alkoxy vinyl, alkoxyl is ethyoxyl and isobutoxy for polyvinyl ether oil (PVE)EVA ether oil): 40 DEG C of viscosity are 50.1mm2/s
(R) naphthalene is mineral oil: 40 DEG C of viscosity are 54.1mm2/s
(S) poly & Alpha ,-olefin oil: 40 DEG C of viscosity are 61.8mm2/s
(T) be subject to resistance type polyol ester oil (H-POE) (2-Methyl Butyric Acid/2-second of pentaerythrite/dipentaerythritol systemThe fatty acid mixed ester oil of base caproic acid): 40 DEG C of viscosity are 68.7mm2/s
(U) be subject to resistance type polyol ester oil (H-POE) (2-Methyl Butyric Acid/2-second of pentaerythrite/dipentaerythritol systemThe fatty acid mixed ester oil of base caproic acid): 40 DEG C of viscosity are 64.4mm2/s
(V) be subject to resistance type polyol ester oil (H-POE) (2-Methyl Butyric Acid/2-second of pentaerythrite/dipentaerythritol systemThe fatty acid mixed ester oil of base caproic acid): 40 DEG C of viscosity are 74.8mm2/s
(W) polyvinyl ether oil (PVE) (polymer of alkyl vinyl, the ether oil that alkoxyl is ethyoxyl): 40 DEG C stickyDegree is 67.8mm2/s
Table 1 represents that cold-producing medium is the result of the intermiscibility evaluation of difluoromethane (HFC32) and refrigerator oil.
In this table, the intermiscibility evaluation of the main refrigerator oil using in the refrigerating air-conditioning of present employing R410AAs a result, 10 and 11 illustrate as a comparative example.
[table 1]
From this table, as the critical dissolving temperature of low temperature side of the HFC32 of cold-producing medium and the intermiscibility degree of refrigerator oilDegree, because the kind of refrigerator oil has very big-difference. From this table, can select the refrigerator oil mixing with HFC32.
In the combination of the cold-producing medium shown in embodiment 1～14 and refrigerator oil, the low temperature side of any combination is critical moltenSeparate temperature below+10 DEG C.
Adopt refrigerator oil (K), (P), evaluate the intermiscibility of HFC32 be the results are shown in to comparative example 1 and 6, when cold-producing medium isWhen HFC32, intermiscibility is poor, and the critical solubility temperature of low temperature side is more than+20 DEG C.
In addition, as shown in comparative example 2,3 and 7, even if change the kinetic viscosity of polyalcohol ester oil, polyvinyl ether oil, mix,Property is not also improved.
As in Comparative Example 4 and 5, also have the good oil of intermiscibility of couple HFC32, but kinetic viscosity is at 30mm2Below/s, difficultyTo use in refrigerating air-conditioning.
In addition, comparative example 8 and 9 illustrates the intermiscibility evaluation result that different oil is planted, but due to low temperature side critical solution temperatureMore than+20 DEG C, use difficulty.
In contrast, embodiment 1～14, good with the intermiscibility of HFC32, but due to low temperature side critical solution temperature+Below 10 DEG C, therefore applicable to refrigerating air-conditioning.
(embodiment 15～17 and comparative example 12～16)
Be applicable to the freezing air conditioner refrigerator oil of compressor, except with the intermiscibility of cold-producing medium, heat chemistry is stablizedProperty and electrical insulating property, lubricity are necessary. Thermo-chemical stability, the particularly occasion of polyalcohol ester oil, water-disintegrable becoming askedTopic. Measure specific insulation as electrical insulating property. To lubricity, adopt Falex (Falex) testing machine, evaluate antifriction consumptionProperty. Evaluation method is as following.
The water-disintegrable test of < >
Water-disintegrable test method is as shown in following. Cold-producing medium (difluoromethane) is enclosed external diameter with refrigerator oil with 0.5g/3mlThe glass ampule pipe of 13mm, internal diameter 8mm, implements sealed tube test. Moisture in oil is adjusted to 1000ppm, adopts and grinds through sand paperThe copper that ground, iron, aluminum steel are as catalyst, in 150 DEG C, the oil of heating after 21 days, with the 1/10N-KOH aqueous solution (isopropyl alcoholProperty) titration, obtain total acid number.
< specific insulation >
The specific insulation of refrigerator oil is measured, and electrode is applied to the DC voltage of 1 minute 250V, asks the electricity after 1 minuteResistance. Measuring temperature is 20 DEG C. Specific insulation (ρ) calculates according to following formula. As the standard value of electric insulation oil, reach 1 × 1013More than Ω cm.
ρ＝3.6πCoR
R: resistance value (Ω)
Co: do not put into static capacity between the electrode under oily state (pF)
< lubricity >
The evaluation of lubricity, adopts Falex friction machine. The friction part of testing machine is immersed in lubricating cup, test piece by2 V-blocks form with the bar of rotation therebetween. The rotary speed of bar is 290min-1(sliding speed 0.1m/s). Test film tolueneFully after washing, degreasing, use. Further, the material of bar is that the material of SAE3135 (NiCr steel), V-block is that (sulphur is fast for AISI1137Cut steel).
Washed test piece is fixed on fixed position, and 80 DEG C of loading 0.45kN, time 3h, temperature are rubbed after mensuration operationConsumption. Further, between the temperature raising period of room temperature to 80 DEG C, carry out the adaptability operation of approximately 10 minutes with 0.22kN. At this moment abrasionAmount, changes from the scale of ratchet, after total abrasion degree of depth of calculating bar and V-block, obtains.
What embodiment 15～17 and comparative example 12～16 were evaluated the results are shown in table 2. HFC32, because heat insulation index is large,The ejection temperature of compressor also rises approximately 5～15 DEG C. Therefore, with adopt the refrigerator using in the air conditioner of R410A cold-producing mediumOil phase ratio, extremely important to hot stability. It is generally acknowledged, in the time that temperature is high, cause organic deteriorated large. Therefore, polynaryThe water-disintegrable of polyol ester oil be also an one evaluation method, in the time that the aliphatic acid of decomposition product exists in a large number, has and cause circulationThe worry of the corrosion abrasion of mesh obstruction and compressor sliding part etc. In addition, due to the absorption of polyalcohol ester oil under high temperature itselfAbility reduce, oiliness effect reduce, therefore lubricity good be also necessary.
[table 2]
Compound shown in comparative example 12～14, owing to adopting straight chain fatty acid, lubricity is good, but hydrolytic resistancePoor, in addition, specific insulation does not reach standard value. Adopt the comparison of the refrigerator oil good with the intermiscibility of R410A cold-producing mediumExample 15,16, water-disintegrable, electrical insulating property, lubricity can be fully satisfied. But, as shown in comparative example 16, adopt R410A as systemWhen cryogen, have good intermiscibility, but adopt the comparative example 15 of difluoromethane as cold-producing medium, as shown in table 1, intermiscibility hasProblem. Contrary with it, the compound of the embodiment 15～17 of the polyalcohol ester oil of employing branched chain fatty acid, except meeting shown in table 1Intermiscibility outside, water-disintegrable, electrical insulating property, lubricity also can be satisfied equally. Adopt the polyalcohol ester oil of straight chain fatty acid, byLow in hydrolytic resistance and specific insulation, therefore preferably adopt the polyalcohol ester oil of branched chain fatty acid. , with above-mentioned chemical formula (1),(2), (3) and (4) represent polyalcohol ester oil in, the polyalcohol ester oil that R is made up of branched alkyl is preferred. In addition, with realityExecute example 15 contrary, the abrasion amount of embodiment 16,17 is little, can obtain good lubricity. This is the chemical combination due to embodiment 16,17Thing, is the mixture of dipentaerythritol and pentaerythrite, owing to containing the many dipentaerythritols of absorption functional group, metal is slidedThe adsorption capacity of face is large, easily presents oiliness effect, obtains good lubricity. Particularly pass through in two high seasons penta of adsorption capacityIn tetrol, mix pentaerythrite, can obtain better thermo-chemical stability and electrical insulating property. Here, owing to passing through for two seasons pentaThe adsorption capacity of tetrol and present oiliness effect, therefore dipentaerythritol is preferred containing 40 % by mole above. Therefore, adopt by twoThe mixture of pentaerythrite and pentaerythrite forms, containing the polyol ester of 40 % by mole of above branched chain fatty acids of dipentaerythritolOil is preferred.
(embodiment 18～21 and comparative example 17～18)
Fig. 1 illustrates the indoor air conditioner synoptic diagram of the cooling and warming dual-purpose of the present embodiment employing.
Indoor air conditioner 50 is made up of indoor set 51 and off-premises station 52.
Built-in indoor heat converter 5 in indoor set 51. In addition, compressor having internally mounted 1 in off-premises station 52, cross valve 2, outdoor heatInterchanger 3 and expansion device 4(bulge). Compressor 1 possesses the refrigerant compression portion with sliding part.
While carrying out indoor refrigeration, carry out the high-temperature high-pressure refrigerant gas of heat insulation compression with compressor 1, by jet pump andCross valve 2, with outdoor heat converter 3(as condensing unit) carry out coolingly, form the liquid refrigerant of high pressure. This cold-producing medium,By expansion device 4(for example, capillary and temperature-type expansion valve etc.) expand, form the low-temp low-pressure liquid containing minimum gasBody, delivers to indoor heat converter 5(and uses as evaporation device), obtain heat from indoor air, with cryogenic gas state, againBy cross valve 2, deliver to compressor 1. In the time carrying out indoor heating, by cross valve 2, cold-producing medium mobile changed to negative sideTo, form reaction.
As compressor 1, adopt vortex hermetic type compressor.
Fig. 2 illustrates the schematic configuration of above-mentioned vortex hermetic type compressor.
Compressor 100 has: fixed scroll member 6, it has helical form cover plate 8, rotation vortex that vertical end plate 7 arrangesMember 9, it has and the cover plate 10 of the same in fact shape of this fixed scroll member 6, the frame of supporting to rotate scroll element 914, make to rotate the pressure vessel 15 of bent axle 11, electro-motor 17 and built-in these devices that scroll element 9 rotates.Helical form cover plate 8 and cover plate 10, the face of facing one another carries out interlock, forms compression mechanical part.
Rotation scroll element 9, by the rotation of bent axle 11, is rotated, fixed scroll member 6 and rotation vortex structureDischarge chambe 12(12a, the 12b etc. that between part 9, form) in, being positioned at outermost discharge chambe 12, limit is accompanied by and rotatablely moves, volumeDwindle gradually, move to the central part of fixed scroll member 6 and rotation scroll element 9 on limit. Discharge chambe 12, when arriving fixed scrollNear the central part of member 6 and rotation scroll element 9 time, discharge chambe 12 is communicated with ejiction opening 13, the internal compression of discharge chambe 12Gas, is ejected to the outside of compressor 100 from ejection conduit 16.
In compressor 100, by the rotary speed of certain speed or not shown converter Control voltage, bent axle 11 is revolvedTurn, carry out compressed action. In addition, below electro-motor 17, long-pending oily portion 20 is set, the oil of long-pending oily portion 20, by pressure differential,Adopt the oilhole 19 arranging on bent axle 11, supply with the profit of sliding part, the sliding bearing 18 etc. of rotation scroll element 9 and bent axle 11Sliding. The oil of long-pending oily portion 20, often contacts with cold-producing medium, forms the state that cold-producing medium dissolves.
Oil when cold-producing medium is to the oily meltage in compressor and cold-producing medium dissolving while measuring this indoor air conditioner of employing is stickyDegree. Machine adopts 4.0kW grade machine. While adopting R410A and difluoromethane, due to ability difference, change enclosed volume, rotation number,Ability is reached necessarily to be tested. The enclosed volume of cold-producing medium, difluoromethane is enclosed 1500g. Further, refrigerator oil is enclosed500ml. As representing experimental condition, adjust cold-producing medium ability and implement to move to 2.0kW. In order to keep the performance of air conditioner, moreAdd the long-term reliability of fully guaranteeing compressor, the essential meltage of cold-producing medium to oil in compressor of controlling, thus, cold-producing medium is moltenOil viscosity when solution becomes important parameter. Compared with adopting the service condition of air conditioner of R410A, while adopting difluoromethane,Due to approximately 5 DEG C～15 DEG C of the ejection temperature rises of compressor, refrigerator oil reduces the viscosity of temperature, due to cold-producing medium meltageReduce, can be observed the phenomenon that viscosity increases. Conventionally,, because the compressor to adopt R410A is as basis, carry out difluoromethane pressureThe exploitation of contracting machine, therefore its advantage is to be easy to develop the device adapting with possible limited viscosity. While adopting R410A, above-mentionedRepresent that temperature in condition is under 53 DEG C, the pressure environment that is 2.40MPa, to oily cold-producing medium meltage be 26～31wt%,Oil viscosity when cold-producing medium dissolves reaches 3.0～5.0mm2/ s. Adopt when difluoromethane, above-mentionedly represent that in condition, temperature is 60DEG C, under the pressure environment that is 2.50MPa, oil viscosity when cold-producing medium dissolves reaches 3.0～5.0mm2/ s is necessary, now rightThe cold-producing medium meltage of oil reaches 17～22 % by weight. In the time that viscosity is too low, because the sealing of compression unit reduces, compressorUnder volume efficiency reduces. In addition, produce oil film attenuation, long-term reliability has the worry of reduction. In contrast, when viscosity becameGao Shi, the mechanical loss of compressor increases, and compressor efficiency reduces.
What embodiment 18～21 and comparative example 17～18 were measured the results are shown in table 3. In embodiment 18～21, to oilCold-producing medium meltage is about 20wt%, has confirmed the oil viscosity when cold-producing medium that can keep suitable dissolves. In comparative example 17 byToo good in difluoromethane and oily dissolubility, kinetic viscosity reduces. In contrast, in comparative example 18, difluoromethane and oilDissolubility and kinetic viscosity are in suitable scope, as shown in comparative example 1, because too high being difficult to of low temperature side critical solution temperature fitsWith.
[table 3]
(embodiment 22～27 and comparative example 19～23)
In embodiment 22～27 and comparative example 12～16, adopt the indoor air conditioner shown in Fig. 1, indoor set is arranged on to perseveranceIn greenhouse (35 DEG C of room temperatures, humidity 75%), move and within 2160 hours, carry out real machine test.
When the iron core of motor and coil insulation, adopt heat-resisting PET film (130 DEG C of B kinds), the major insulation lining material of coil,Adopt polyesterimide and amide imide, adopt the dual quilt of the dual coating of having implemented polyesterimide-amide imideCover copper cash.
In the evaluation of indoor air conditioner, be conceived to the abrasion state of scroll compressor, in the front and back of real machine test, surveyThe gap recruitment that abrasion between determining cause frame～rotating shaft produces. Gap recruitment between frame～rotating shaft more increases, and rubsConsumption is larger, is generally the increase that is accompanied by gap recruitment, and vibration and noise strengthen.
As cold-producing medium, adopt difluoromethane. The advantage of difluoromethane is that the refrigerating and air conditioning of present R410A machine circulatesAlmost can former state use. In refrigerating and air conditioning circulation, the intermiscibility of cold-producing medium and refrigerator oil, is to guarantee to return to the oil of compressorThe key property of amount, same with cold-producing medium, refrigerator oil also must circulate. In the time of intermiscibility variation, pass through from compressorThe refrigerator oil of mechanism ejection can not circulate, and particularly produces the raw delay of the fry dried food ingredients separating, compressor at low-temp. portionOil mass reduce, the lubricating oil of sliding part produces fault. Therefore, the service condition temperature range in refrigerating and air conditioning circulation, preferablyThe temperature that cold-producing medium and refrigerator oil can mix. , cold-producing medium and refrigerator oil are preferred in dissolved state.
In the present embodiment, adopt refrigerator oil (A), (B), (F), (I), (T) and (V), difluoromethane is had to intermiscibilityEmbodiment 1～14 in effect, verify. As a comparative example, to difluoromethane intermiscibility poor (K) and (P) and toolThere is intermiscibility but low (N) of kinetic viscosity evaluates. In addition, to adopting (K) of existing cold-producing medium R410A and (P) also carrying outComparative evaluation.
In this test, good compressor state is that the gap producing because of the abrasion between frame～rotating shaft after test increasesAmount (sliding bearing gap recruitment) is below 10 μ m and can guarantee the resid amount of compressor.
Table 4 illustrates the result of embodiment 22～27 and comparative example 19～23.
[table 4]
In this table, as shown in comparative example 22 and 23, existing R410A machine, the gap between the frame～rotating shaft of compressorRecruitment is few, and the refrigerator oil resid amount in compressor also can fully be guaranteed. But, as shown in comparative example 19 and 20, adopt withWhen the poor combination of difluoromethane (HFC32) intermiscibility is implemented, the refrigerator oil residual of compressor reduces, because not guaranteeing to fillThe oil film dividing, therefore the gap recruitment between frame～rotating shaft strengthens. As the comparative example 21 good to the intermiscibility of difluoromethaneShown in, owing to can not get sufficient kinetic viscosity, even if can guarantee the refrigerator oil residual of compressor, also can not get necessary oilFilm thickness, therefore the gap recruitment between frame～rotating shaft strengthens.
Contrary with these, difluoromethane is there is to the refrigerating air-conditioning shown in the embodiment 22～27 of intermiscibility, frameGap recruitment between～rotating shaft can significantly reduce, and can guarantee the refrigerator oil resid amount of compressor, therefore freezing skyAdjust device to obtain high reliability.
From the result of above embodiment, refrigerating air-conditioning of the present invention, can suppress the abrasion of compressor, can fillDivide and guarantee long-term insulating reliability.
In addition, confirmed rotary compressor, dual rotation type compressor, 2 sections of compression rotary compressors and cylinder andThe integrated oscillation type compressor of impeller, also obtains same effect.
In industry, utilize possibility
The present invention is applicable to freezing air conditioner compressor and refrigerating air-conditioning.
[explanation of symbol]
1,100: compressor
2: cross valve
3: outdoor heat converter
4: expansion device
5: indoor heat converter
6: fixed scroll member
7: end plate
8: helical form cover plate
9: rotation scroll element
10: cover plate
11: bent axle
12,12a, 12b: discharge chambe
13: ejiction opening
14: frame
15: pressure vessel
16: ejection conduit
17: electro-motor
18: sliding bearing
19: oilhole
20: long-pending oily portion
50: indoor air conditioner
51: indoor set
52: off-premises station

Claims (8)

1. freezing air conditioner compressor, its be possess have sliding part refrigerant compression portion, enclosed as two of cold-producing mediumThe freezing air conditioner compressor of fluoromethane and refrigerator oil, is characterized in that, above-mentioned refrigerator oil is polyalcohol ester oil or poly-secondThiazolinyl ether oil is 30～100mm the kinetic viscosities of 40 DEG C2/ s, the low temperature side of above-mentioned cold-producing medium and above-mentioned refrigerator oil is critical moltenSeparate temperature below+10 DEG C, above-mentioned refrigerator oil, under 60 DEG C, the condition of 2.5MPa, with respect to oily cold-producing medium meltage is17～22 % by weight, oil viscosity when cold-producing medium dissolves is 3.0～5.0mm2/s。
2. according to freezing air conditioner compressor claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, above-mentioned polyalcohol ester oil contains choosing freelyAt least one in the group that the compound that following chemical formula (1), (2), (3) and (4) represent and compound ester oil form is as baseOil, in formula, R1～R11Represent the alkyl of carbon number 4～9:
。
3. according to freezing air conditioner compressor claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, above-mentioned polyvinyl ether oil is with followingThe base oil that chemical formula (5) represents, in formula, QiThere is the chemical constitution that following chemical formula (6) represents, any that i is 1～m, Q1～QmFor the numerical value taking superscript type carries out combination arranged in a straight line, the OR in following chemical formula (6) as order12For methoxyl group, ethoxyBase, propoxyl group or butoxy, Q1～QmThe OR that any one is contained12For methoxyl group, m is 5～15:
。
4. according to freezing air conditioner compressor claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, above-mentioned polyalcohol ester oil contains choosing freelyAt least one in the group that the compound that following chemical formula (1), (2), (3) and (4) represent and compound ester oil form is as baseOil, in formula, R1～R11Represent the branched alkyl of carbon number 4～9, they both can be identical also can be different:
。
5. according to freezing air conditioner compressor claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, above-mentioned polyalcohol ester oil comprises followingizationThe mixture of the compound that the compound that formula (3) represents and following chemical formula (4) represent, in formula, R6～R11Expression carbon number 4～9 branched alkyl, they both can be identical also can be different:
。
6. according to freezing air conditioner compressor claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, above-mentioned polyalcohol ester oil contains choosing freelyAt least one in the group that the compound that following chemical formula (1), (2), (3) and (4) represent and compound ester oil form is as baseOil, in formula, R1～R11Represent the branched alkyl of carbon number 4～9, they both can be identical also can be different:
。
7. according to freezing air conditioner compressor claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, above-mentioned polyalcohol ester oil comprises followingizationThe mixture of the compound that the compound that formula (3) represents and following chemical formula (4) represent, in formula, R6～R11Expression carbon number 4～9 branched alkyl, they both can be identical also can be different:
。
8. refrigerating air-conditioning, is characterized in that, adopts the freezing air conditioner compression described in any one of claim 1～7Machine.
CN201180061046.9A 2010-12-20 2011-12-15 Freezing air conditioner compressor and refrigerating air-conditioning Active CN103261689B (en)

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KR101505344B1 (en) 2015-03-23
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JPWO2012086518A1 (en) 2014-05-22
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