CN103261689A - Compressor for refrigeration and air-conditioning, and refrigerating and air-conditioning apparatus - Google Patents

Compressor for refrigeration and air-conditioning, and refrigerating and air-conditioning apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103261689A
CN103261689A CN2011800610469A CN201180061046A CN103261689A CN 103261689 A CN103261689 A CN 103261689A CN 2011800610469 A CN2011800610469 A CN 2011800610469A CN 201180061046 A CN201180061046 A CN 201180061046A CN 103261689 A CN103261689 A CN 103261689A
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oil
air conditioner
compressor
refrigeration agent
conditioner compressor
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CN103261689B (en
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太田亮
井关崇
荒木邦成
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Hitachi Johnson Controls Air Conditioning Inc
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Hitachi Appliances Inc
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
    • C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
    • C09K5/04—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa
    • C09K5/041—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems
    • C09K5/044—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds
    • C09K5/045—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds containing only fluorine as halogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B1/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
    • C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
    • C09K5/04—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M171/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by purely physical criteria, e.g. containing as base-material, thickener or additive, ingredients which are characterised exclusively by their numerically specified physical properties, i.e. containing ingredients which are physically well-defined but for which the chemical nature is either unspecified or only very vaguely indicated
    • C10M171/008—Lubricant compositions compatible with refrigerants
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00
    • F04B39/02—Lubrication
    • F04B39/0215—Lubrication characterised by the use of a special lubricant
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C18/00—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04C18/02—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids of arcuate-engagement type, i.e. with circular translatory movement of co-operating members, each member having the same number of teeth or tooth-equivalents
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C18/00—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04C18/02—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids of arcuate-engagement type, i.e. with circular translatory movement of co-operating members, each member having the same number of teeth or tooth-equivalents
    • F04C18/0207—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids of arcuate-engagement type, i.e. with circular translatory movement of co-operating members, each member having the same number of teeth or tooth-equivalents both members having co-operating elements in spiral form
    • F04C18/0215—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids of arcuate-engagement type, i.e. with circular translatory movement of co-operating members, each member having the same number of teeth or tooth-equivalents both members having co-operating elements in spiral form where only one member is moving
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C23/00—Combinations of two or more pumps, each being of rotary-piston or oscillating-piston type, specially adapted for elastic fluids; Pumping installations specially adapted for elastic fluids; Multi-stage pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04C23/008—Hermetic pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C29/00—Component parts, details or accessories of pumps or pumping installations, not provided for in groups F04C18/00 - F04C28/00
    • F04C29/02—Lubrication; Lubricant separation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
    • C09K2205/24—Only one single fluoro component present
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/28—Esters
    • C10M2207/283—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds
    • C10M2207/2835—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/28—Esters
    • C10M2207/30—Complex esters, i.e. compounds containing at leasst three esterified carboxyl groups and derived from the combination of at least three different types of the following five types of compounds: monohydroxyl compounds, polyhydroxy xompounds, monocarboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acids or hydroxy carboxylic acids
    • C10M2207/301—Complex esters, i.e. compounds containing at leasst three esterified carboxyl groups and derived from the combination of at least three different types of the following five types of compounds: monohydroxyl compounds, polyhydroxy xompounds, monocarboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acids or hydroxy carboxylic acids used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/04—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to an alcohol or ester thereof; bound to an aldehyde, ketonic, ether, ketal or acetal radical
    • C10M2209/043—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to an alcohol or ester thereof; bound to an aldehyde, ketonic, ether, ketal or acetal radical used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
    • C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
    • C10N2020/02—Viscosity; Viscosity index
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
    • C10N2020/09—Characteristics associated with water
    • C10N2020/097—Refrigerants
    • C10N2020/101—Containing Hydrofluorocarbons
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/30—Refrigerators lubricants or compressors lubricants
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C2210/00—Fluid
    • F04C2210/26—Refrigerants with particular properties, e.g. HFC-134a

Abstract

The purpose of the present invention is to improve the abrasion resistance of a compressor for refrigeration and air-conditioning which utilizes difluoromethane (HFC32) as a cooling medium to thereby improve the long-term reliability of the compressor, and to improve the efficiency of a refrigerating and air-conditioning cycle of a refrigerating and air-conditioning apparatus by the use of the compressor. A compressor (100) is equipped with a cooling medium compression section having a sliding member, and has difluoromethane that acts as a cooling medium and a refrigerating machine oil both enclosed therein, wherein the refrigerating machine oil to be used has a kinematic viscosity of 30-100 mm2/s at 40 DEG C and a lower-temperature-side critical solution temperature between the cooling medium and the refrigerating machine oil is +10 DEG C or lower.

Description

Freezing air conditioner compressor and refrigerating air-conditioning
Technical field
The present invention relates to adopt freezing air conditioner compressor and the refrigerating air-conditioning of thermal pump circulation.
Background technique
In the freezing air conditioner field, as the earth environment countermeasure, can enumerate the CFC(chloro-fluoro-hydrocarbons that uses as in the damage the ozone layer refrigeration agent of material and the thermal-protective material, Chlorofluorocarbons) and HCFC(hydrogenated chloride fluorine hydrocarbon, Hydrochlorofluorocarbons) alternative, and, as the HFC(hydrogen fluorohydrocarbon that uses in the high efficiency of greenhouse effects of the earth countermeasure and the refrigeration agent, Hydrofluorocarbons) alternative, these have obtained positive progress.
Alternative as CFC and the HCFC of the material that damages the ozone layer mainly never damages the ozone layer, toxicity and flammability are low and guarantee that efficient has in mind, carry out the selected of refrigeration agent and thermal-protective material and machine exploitation.Consequently, as the thermal-protective material stabilizer of refrigerated warehouse, use the order substitute CFC 11 of HCFC141b, cyclopentane gradually, now to developing with vacuum heat insulation material and with direction.
In addition, as refrigeration agent, in refrigerator and air conditioner for automobile, use HFC134a(GWP(Global Warming Potential gradually: the greenhouse effects of the earth coefficient)=1430)) substitute CFC 12, in indoor air conditioner and the air-conditioning box, with R410A(HFC32/HFC125(50/50 weight %) mixture: GWP=2088) replace HCFC22.
Yet, in the 3rd Meeting of States Parties of climatic change frame set treaty (COP3) that hold in capital of a country in 1997, the HFC discharge capacity as greenhouse gases, is converted into CO 2Since control object, carried out the reduction of HFC discharge capacity.
Therefore, few from the refrigeration agent enclosed volume in the household refrigerator, spendable viewpoint was judged when combustible refrigerant was made, flammable R600a(isobutane: GWP=3) can replace HFC134a.In addition, because the raising of public opinion, now, the R410A that the HFC134a that air conditioner for automobile is used and indoor air conditioner and air-conditioning box are used causes that also people pay close attention to.On the other hand, professional with in the refrigerated warehouse, because the enclosed volume of R600a is many, worry to have bigger combustibility, even also use HFC134a now.
Actual situation is, because the household electrical appliances recirculation method (specific household electrical appliances commercialization method again) that calendar year 2001 implements and the automobile recirculation method implemented in 2003 (law that relates to the renewable resources etc. of used car), the recirculation normalization of machinery, the HFC that uses as refrigeration agent etc. is recovered, handles.Yet, the EU(European Community) and in 2006 instruction (Directive2006/40/EC), the air conditioner for automobile that dispatch from the factory in January, 2011, use therein refrigeration agent bans use of the refrigeration agent of GWP＞150.Be limited, the air conditioner for automobile industry has been taked various improvement, though indoor air conditioner, to any worry of control that whether also produces of R410A.According to above-mentioned EU instruction, comprise the regulation of the air conditioner of typing in 2011, the possibility of revaluation is also arranged, accelerate the discussion of refrigeration agent alternative.
As these alternative refrigerant, from having the hot rerum natura equal with HFC134a, reasons such as low GWP, hypotoxicity, low combustible are considered, 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoeopropene (HFO1234yf(Hydrofluoroolefin) (GWP=4), 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoeopropene (HFO1234ze) (GWP=10) or the separate refrigeration agent of difluoromethane (HFC32) or these mix refrigerant can be used as candidate.For example, as with the mix refrigerant of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoeopropene (HFO1234yf), based on difluoromethane (HFC32).
In addition, for low flammability, according to the GWP(greenhouse effects of the earth coefficient that allows), also can consideration mix with HFC134a or HFC125.
As other refrigeration agent, can enumerate the hydrogen fluorohydrocarbon of hydrocarbon such as propane, propylene and fluoroethane (HFC161), Difluoroethane low GWP such as (HFC152a).In the refrigeration agent of these candidates, according to combustibility, cooling-heating room ability, non-azeotropic refrigerant temperature gradient, the changes (exploitation) of the reduction of consideration refrigerating and air conditioning cycle efficiency, processing ease, refrigeration agent cost, machine etc., difluoromethane (HFC32) is most preferred.
Yet, air-conditioning box or multi-stage air conditioner, because it is long to constitute the pipe arrangement of refrigerating and air conditioning circulation, the refrigeration agent enclosed volume of each is many, is difficult to adopt flammable high refrigeration agent.In addition, because pipe arrangement is long, the refrigerator oil that essential employing is good with the intermiscibility of refrigeration agent.
Refrigerator oil when being used for sealed electrical compressor, plays the effect of lubricated, the sealing, cooling etc. of its slide part.The most important characteristic of freezing air conditioner refrigerator oil, be the intermiscibility with refrigeration agent, in the compressor of outdoor unit configuration, when liquid refrigerant and refrigerator oil take place two layers when separating, supply with the liquid refrigerant that separates to each slide part, the worry that produces insufficient lubrication is then arranged.In addition, pass through the effect of machinery in the compressor operating, refrigerator oil forms vaporific and is ejected to the refrigerating and air conditioning circulation, and intermiscibility worsens, and refrigerator oil is detained at the low-temp. portion of refrigerating and air conditioning circulation, to the oil amount of the returning minimizing of compressor.Particularly when adopting air-conditioning box or multi-stage air conditioner, because it is long to constitute the pipe arrangement of refrigerating and air conditioning circulation, so must adopt the refrigerator oil good with the intermiscibility of refrigeration agent.
Two layers of separation of refrigeration agent and refrigerator oil can be adopted according to two layers of separation curve of refrigerator oil concentration and estimate.Two layers of separation of low temperature side, the curve that protrudes is formed at top.The maximum of this curve is two layers of separation temperature of low temperature side (UCST:Upper critical solution temperature), and this temperature is lower, and intermiscibility better.
Employing has the freezing air conditioner compressor of the freezing air conditioner refrigerator oil of intermiscibility, can enumerate in the patent documentation 1 employing of record and polyvinyl ether oil that the HF hydrocarbon series coolant has certain intermiscibility or the compressor of polyatomic alcohol polybasic alcohol ester oil.HF hydrocarbon is representational 2,3,3, and 3-tetrafluoeopropene (HFO1234yf) has confirmed to have intermiscibility with these refrigerator oils, and known in addition, the intermiscibility of disclosed refrigerator oil and difluoromethane is poor.
In addition, patent documentation 2 discloses the refrigerator oil that intermiscibility is arranged with the hydrocarbon system refrigeration agent.The hydrocarbon system refrigeration agent is also same with patent documentation 1, has intermiscibility with various refrigerator oils, but mixes with the difluoromethane difficulty.
Patent documentation 3 discloses the refrigerating machine that employing and refrigeration agent do not have the alkylbenzene oil of intermiscibility.By adopting the refrigerator oil that refrigeration agent is not had intermiscibility, guarantee the lubricant film in the compressor slide part easily, but owing to return oil mass from refrigerating and air conditioning circulation nothing, so new oil separator must be set.In addition, alkylbenzene oil used herein also is non-intermiscibility to difluoromethane.
Disclose in the patent documentation 4 and to have adopted the Scrawl compressor that refrigeration agent is shown the miscella that the refrigerator oil of non-intermiscibility mixes with refrigerator oil to refrigeration agent demonstration intermiscibility, it can adopt the refrigerator oil that mixes with difluoromethane.Yet long-term reliability and refrigerating and air conditioning cycle efficiency are still insufficient.
In addition, patent documentation 5 and patent documentation 6 disclose a kind of polyatomic alcohol polybasic alcohol ester oil to difluoromethane demonstration intermiscibility, but intermiscibility is also insufficient.
[prior art document]
[patent documentation]
[patent documentation 1] spy opens the 2010-236542 communique
[patent documentation 2] spy opens flat 10-130685 communique
[patent documentation 3] spy opens flat 9-31450 communique
[patent documentation 4] spy opens flat 7-259755 communique
[patent documentation 5] spy opens the 2010-235960 communique
[patent documentation 6] spy opens the 2002-129178 communique
Summary of the invention
The problem that invention will solve
The objective of the invention is, adopt difluoromethane (HFC32) as refrigeration agent, improve the antifriction consumption of freezing air conditioner compressor, improve long-term reliability, simultaneously, the high efficiency refrigerating and air conditioning circulation of the freezing air conditioner of this compressor has been adopted in realization.
Be used for solving the means of problem
Freezing air conditioner compressor of the present invention is characterized in that, possesses refrigeration agent press part with slide part, has enclosed difluoromethane and refrigerator oil as refrigeration agent, and above-mentioned refrigerator oil is 30～100mm 40 ℃ kinetic viscosity 2/ s, the low temperature side critical solution temperature of above-mentioned refrigeration agent and above-mentioned refrigerator oil is below+10 ℃.
The invention effect
According to the present invention, a kind of refrigerating air-conditioning is provided, it adopts with the freezing air conditioner compressor of difluoromethane as refrigeration agent, and this device both can guarantee that long-term reliability and oil returned characteristic, had considered earth environment again.
[description of drawings]
The skeleton diagram of [Fig. 1] indoor air conditioner structure.
The sectional view of the eddy type hermetic type compressor that [Fig. 2] indoor air conditioner is used.
Embodiment
Below freezing air conditioner compressor that one embodiment of this invention is related to and adopt its refrigerating air-conditioning to describe.
Above-mentioned freezing air conditioner compressor possesses the refrigeration agent press part with slide part, encloses difluoromethane and refrigerator oil as refrigeration agent.Refrigerator oil herein is 30～100mm 40 ℃ kinetic viscosities 2/ s, the low temperature side critical solution temperature of refrigeration agent and refrigerator oil is below+10 ℃.In addition, under 60 ℃, the condition of 2.5MPa, be 17～22 weight % with respect to the refrigeration agent meltage of oil, the oil viscosity during the refrigeration agent dissolving is 3.0～5.0mm 2/ s is preferred.
Refrigerator oil in the above-mentioned freezing air conditioner compressor is polyatomic alcohol polybasic alcohol ester oil or polyvinyl ether oil.
In the above-mentioned freezing air conditioner compressor, polyatomic alcohol polybasic alcohol ester oil as base oil contain be selected from by the compound of following chemical formula (1), (2), (3) and (4) expression (in the formula, R 1～R 11The alkyl of expression carbon number 4～9) at least a and in the group that constitutes of compound ester oil.
Figure BDA00003366509900051
Figure BDA00003366509900052
Figure BDA00003366509900061
In the above-mentioned freezing air conditioner compressor, the polyvinyl ether oil for the base oil represented with following chemical formula (5) (in the formula, Q i(i is any one of 1～m, Q 1～Q mExpression is that order is carried out the linear array combination with the numerical value of superscript type) comprise having the chemical structure that following chemical formula (6) is represented, the OR in the following chemical formula (6) 12Be methoxyl group, ethyoxyl, propoxyl group or butoxy, Q 1～Q mAny one in the OR that contains 12Be methoxyl group, m is 5～15).Propoxyl group herein represents to contain the term of isopropoxy, and butoxy represents to contain the term of isobutoxy, the second month in a season-butoxy and uncle-butoxy.
Figure BDA00003366509900063
Figure BDA00003366509900064
Also has Q 1～Q mWith the chemical structure of linear array combination with use Q 1-Q 2-Q 3～Q m -1-Q mThe chemical structure of expression is identical value.
Above-mentioned refrigerating air-conditioning adopts above-mentioned freezing air conditioner compressor.
Eddy type or rotary closed type compressor that above-mentioned freezing air conditioner compressor is motor, refrigerator oil host is 30～100mm 40 ℃ kinetic viscosity 2/ s.
Above-mentioned refrigerating air-conditioning adopts above-mentioned eddy type or rotary closed type compressor.
Below adopt embodiment to be elaborated.
The refrigerating air-conditioning that embodiment represents to adopt the compressor of difluoromethane and adopts this compressor.
Embodiment's refrigeration agent is difluoromethane, and refrigerator oil is polyatomic alcohol polybasic alcohol ester oil or polyvinyl ether oil.
Polyatomic alcohol polybasic alcohol ester oil obtains for the condensation reaction of adopting polyatomic alcohol polybasic alcohol and unary fatty acid.
As polyatomic alcohol polybasic alcohol ester oil, preferred thermal stability is good is subjected to resistance type, as the polyatomic alcohol polybasic alcohol of raw material preferably, for example, neopentyl glycol, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol etc.
In addition, as the unary fatty acid of raw material for just-valeric acid, just-caproic acid, just-enanthic acid, just-sad, 2-Methyl Butyric Acid, 3 Methylbutanoic acid, 2 methyl valeric acid, 2 Ethylbutanoic acid, 2 methyl caproic acid, 2 ethyl hexanoic acid, isooctyl acid, 3,5,5-tri-methyl hexanoic acid etc., these can use separately, or mix more than 2 kinds and use.
The ester compounds that compound polyatomic alcohol polybasic alcohol ester oil (compound ester oil) is binary fatty acid is combined to polyatomic alcohol polybasic alcohol with unary fatty acid.
Herein as the polyatomic alcohol polybasic alcohol of raw material, preferably, for example, neopentyl glycol, trimethylolpropane and pentaerythritol.In addition, unary fatty acid as raw material, just can enumerate-valeric acid, just-caproic acid, just-enanthic acid, just-sad, 2-Methyl Butyric Acid, 2 methyl valeric acid, 2 methyl caproic acid, 2 ethyl hexanoic acid, isooctyl acid, 3,5,5-tri-methyl hexanoic acid etc., these can use separately, or mix more than 2 kinds and use.In addition, as the binary fatty acid of raw material, can enumerate malonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid, suberic acid etc., these can use separately, or mix more than 2 kinds and use.
The object lesson of compound ester oil is represented with following chemical formula (7).
Figure BDA00003366509900081
In the formula, R 13And R 15The alkyl of expression carbon number 4～9.In addition, R 14The alkylidene of expression carbon number 1～9.N represents positive integer.
In addition, the polyvinyl ether oil is the polymer of alkoxy vinyl, and is poor with the intermiscibility of difluoromethane when the alkyl carbon number of alkoxyl group is big, so methoxyl group and ethyoxyl are preferred.
The viscosity grade of the refrigerator oil that uses in embodiment's aircondition and the refrigerating machine, because of the kind of compressor different, the eddy type hermetic type compressor, 40 ℃ kinetic viscosity is in 46～100mm 2The scope of/s is preferred.In addition, rotary closed type compressor, 40 ℃ kinetic viscosity is in 30～70mm 2The scope of/s is preferred.
The temperature classification of electrical insulation, temperature classification and heat durability with electrical insulation system are estimated the electric association of JEC-6147-2010(electrical standard fact-finding meeting standard size) stipulate that freezing air conditioner is also selected by the temperature classification of above-mentioned specification with the insulating material that adopts in the compressor.Yet, when freezing air conditioner is used organic insulation, owing in the particular surroundings of refrigeration agent atmosphere gas, use, except temperature, can suppress the distortion that causes because of pressure, sex change, in addition, owing to also contact with refrigeration agent and refrigerator oil isopolarity compound, so essential consideration solvent resistance, anti-extractibility, the stability of the machinery of the chemistry of heat, (be full of cracks is (after giving the epithelium stress application for anti-refrigeration agent, the trickle snake abdomen shape crackle that takes place in the time of in being immersed in refrigeration agent), bubble (refrigeration agent that absorbs in the epithelium is with the rise bubble of the epithelium cause of temperature)) etc.In addition, difluoromethane is because adiabatic index is big, and the temperature of compression stroke rises big, so the heat resistance of electrically insulating material becomes extremely important.
Therefore, the essential insulating material that uses high temperature classification (the E kind is more than 120 ℃).
The insulating material that uses at most in the compressor can be enumerated the PET(PETG).With the coil insulation material of minute iron core of yardage roll motor, can adopt film material PET, the lining material of the static line of coil and the egress line of motor can adopt fibrous PET.As the dielectric film beyond these, can enumerate the PPS(polyphenylene sulfide), the PEN(PEN), the PEEK(polyether-ether-ketone), the PI(polyimide), the PA(polyamide) etc.In addition, the major insulation lining material of coil, can use THEIC modified poly ester, polyamide, polyamidoimide, polyesterimide, polyesteramide acid imide etc., it is preferred using the dual lining copper cash of the dual coating of having implemented polyesterimide-amide imide.
Among the present invention, there is not any problem even in above-mentioned refrigerator oil, add lubricity additive, antioxidant, sour agent for capturing, defoamer, matal deactivator etc. yet.Particularly when polyatomic alcohol polybasic alcohol ester oil since under moisture coexistence because producing the hydrolysis deterioration, so the cooperation of antioxidant and sour agent for capturing is necessary.
As antioxidant, preferred phenol is DBPC(2, the 6-BHT).
As sour agent for capturing, generally can use the compound with epoxide ring: aliphatic epoxy based compound and carbonization imidodicarbonic diamide based compound.Carbonization imidodicarbonic diamide based compound particularly, reactive high because of with fatty acid can catch the hydrogen ion that dissociates from fatty acid, so the hydrolysis reaction inhibition of polyatomic alcohol polybasic alcohol ester oil is very big.As carbonization imidodicarbonic diamide based compound, can enumerate two (2,6-isopropyl phenyl) carbonization imidodicarbonic diamide.The use level of acid agent for capturing, it is preferred that refrigerator oil is reached 0.05～1.0 weight %.In addition, the polyvinyl ether oil because the antifriction consumption is poor, as lubricity additive, wishes that cooperation trimethylphenyl phosphate ester is uncle's phosphate ester of representative etc.
[embodiment]
(embodiment 1～14 and comparative example 1～11)
(refrigerator oil composition)
Enclose the refrigeration agent of freezing air conditioner compressor and the intermiscibility of refrigerator oil, as mentioned above, the reliability aspect that is back to the oil amount of returning (guaranteeing the oil mass of compressor inside) of compressor or the reduction of heat exchange efficiency etc., assurance compressor from freeze cycle is considered, is one of important characteristic.
The intermiscibility evaluation of difluoromethane and refrigerator oil, JISK2211 measures according to the JIS numbering.
The mixture that the oil of any amount (refrigerator oil) mixes, prepares with refrigeration agent is enclosed withstand voltage glass container, under the state that changes temperature, carry out the observation of content.Then be judged to be two layers of separation, then be judged to be dissolving with transparent with white casse as content.
Generally be by the combination of said mixture, to have separated region at high temperature side and low temperature side.The peculiar problem of intermiscibility be low temperature side, during intermiscibility that present embodiment carries out is estimated, ℃ slowly rise from the mixture temperature-60 that carries out two layers of separation, the state observation of carrying out two layers of separation, the temperature of this moment is measured as the temperature that two layers of separation take place.Data when here, the temperature of two layers of separation of generation is more than 20 ℃ are not obtained.At the oil that two layers of separation take place more than 20 ℃, be unaccommodated as the compressor oil of freezing air conditioner.
Two layers of temperature of separating take place with refrigerator oil in refrigeration agent, because concentration changes.At problematic low temperature side, form the curve that top has protuberance, measure full oil concentration, the maximum value of separating curve is the low temperature side critical solution temperature, is important temperature.The compressor operation conditions of air conditioner, arrange outdoor unit etc. outside air temperature, also have the concentration of freeze cycle inner refrigerant and refrigerator oil because the generation many variations, two layers of separation temperature also change.Therefore, concerning two layers under the low temperature are separated, whole refrigeration agents and oil concentration being measured two layers of separation temperature, is important with its maximum value evaluation.At this moment, the low temperature side critical solution temperature does not occur under certain concentration.Therefore, though two layers of separation temperature under the mensuration certain concentration, can not be as the suitable evaluation pointer of compressor with oil.Therefore, in the intermiscibility of present embodiment was estimated, the concentration of the oil that mixes in the refrigeration agent (oil concentration) was as transverse axis, and two layers of separation temperature are made curve as the longitudinal axis.This curve, general expression are separated into two layers oil concentration to dependence on temperature, form convex curve on the top that maximum is arranged.This maximum is defined as the low temperature side critical solution temperature.
The refrigerator oil that uses, as described below.The kinetic viscosity of the refrigerator oil when 40 ℃ of viscosity herein are 40 ℃.
(A) be subjected to resistance type polyol ester oil (H-POE) (valeric acid/3,5 of pentaerythritol system, the fatty acid mixed ester oil of 5-tri-methyl hexanoic acid): 40 ℃ of viscosity are 65.9mm 2/ s
(B) be subjected to resistance type polyol ester oil (H-POE) (3,5 of trimethylolpropane system, the fatty acid ester oil of 5-tri-methyl hexanoic acid): 40 ℃ of viscosity are 51.6mm 2/ s
(C) be subjected to resistance type polyol ester oil (H-POE) (2 methyl caproic acid/3,5 of pentaerythritol system, the fatty acid mixed ester oil of 5-tri-methyl hexanoic acid): 40 ℃ of viscosity are 60.1mm 2/ s
(D) be subjected to resistance type polyol ester oil (H-POE) (the fatty acid mixed ester oil of the valeric acid/2-Methyl Butyric Acid of dipentaerythritol system): 40 ℃ of viscosity are 64.8mm 2/ s
(E) be subjected to resistance type polyol ester oil (H-POE) (the fatty acid mixed ester oil of the caproic acid/2-Methyl Butyric Acid of dipentaerythritol system): 40 ℃ of viscosity are 71.2mm 2/ s
(F) compound polyatomic alcohol polybasic alcohol ester oil (C-POE) (ester that neopentyl glycol is combined with dicarboxylic acids and monocarboxylic acid, as dicarboxylic acids adopt the fatty acid mixed of succinic acid and glutaric acid, as the ester oil of the fatty acid mixed of monocarboxylic acid employing 2 methyl caproic acid/2 ethyl hexanoic acid): 40 ℃ of viscosity are 32.6mm 2/ s
(G) compound polyatomic alcohol polybasic alcohol ester oil (C-POE) (ester that neopentyl glycol is combined with dicarboxylic acids and monocarboxylic acid, as dicarboxylic acids adopt the fatty acid mixed of succinic acid and glutaric acid, as the ester oil of the fatty acid mixed of monocarboxylic acid employing 2 methyl caproic acid/2 ethyl hexanoic acid): 40 ℃ of viscosity are 50.8mm 2/ s
(H) compound polyatomic alcohol polybasic alcohol ester oil (C-POE) (ester that neopentyl glycol is combined with dicarboxylic acids and monocarboxylic acid, as dicarboxylic acids adopt the fatty acid mixed of succinic acid and glutaric acid, as the ester oil of the fatty acid mixed of monocarboxylic acid employing 2 methyl caproic acid/2 ethyl hexanoic acid): 40 ℃ of viscosity are 71.5mm 2/ s
(I) polyvinyl ether oil (PVE) (polymer of alkoxy vinyl, alkoxyl group are the copolymer ether oil of methoxyl group and ethyoxyl): 40 ℃ of viscosity are 65.2mm 2/ s
(J) polyvinyl ether oil (PVE) (polymer of alkoxy vinyl, alkoxyl group are the copolymer ether oil of methoxyl group and ethyoxyl): 40 ℃ of viscosity are 51.7mm 2/ s
(K) be subjected to resistance type polyol ester oil (H-POE) (2 ethyl hexanoic acid/3,5 of pentaerythritol system, the fatty acid mixed ester oil of 5-tri-methyl hexanoic acid): 40 ℃ of viscosity are 64.9mm 2/ s
(L) be subjected to resistance type polyol ester oil (H-POE) (2 ethyl hexanoic acid/3,5 of trimethylolpropane/pentaerythritol system, the fatty acid mixed ester oil of 5-tri-methyl hexanoic acid): 40 ℃ of viscosity are 56.3mm 2/ s
(M) be subjected to resistance type polyol ester oil (H-POE) (the fatty acid mixed ester oil of the 2 methyl caproic acid/2 ethyl hexanoic acid of pentaerythritol system): 40 ℃ of viscosity are 31.4mm 2/ s
(N) be subjected to resistance type polyol ester oil (H-POE) (the fatty acid ester oil of the 2 ethyl hexanoic acid of pentaerythritol/neopentyl glycol system): 40 ℃ of viscosity are 14.9mm 2/ s
(O) be subjected to resistance type polyol ester oil (H-POE) (the fatty acid ester oil of the 2 ethyl hexanoic acid of neopentyl glycol system): 40 ℃ of viscosity are 7.5mm 2/ s
(P) polyvinyl ether oil (PVE) (polymer of alkoxy vinyl, alkoxyl group are the copolymer ether oil of ethyoxyl and isobutoxy): 40 ℃ of viscosity are 64.9mm 2/ s
(Q) polyvinyl ether oil (PVE) (polymer of alkoxy vinyl, alkoxyl group are the copolymer ether oil of ethyoxyl and isobutoxy): 40 ℃ of viscosity are 50.1mm 2/ s
(R) naphthalene is mineral oil: 40 ℃ of viscosity are 54.1mm 2/ s
(S) poly ﹠ Alpha ,-olefin oil: 40 ℃ of viscosity are 61.8mm 2/ s
(T) be subjected to resistance type polyol ester oil (H-POE) (the fatty acid mixed ester oil of the 2-Methyl Butyric Acid/2 ethyl hexanoic acid of pentaerythritol/dipentaerythritol system): 40 ℃ of viscosity are 68.7mm 2/ s
(U) be subjected to resistance type polyol ester oil (H-POE) (the fatty acid mixed ester oil of the 2-Methyl Butyric Acid/2 ethyl hexanoic acid of pentaerythritol/dipentaerythritol system): 40 ℃ of viscosity are 64.4mm 2/ s
(V) be subjected to resistance type polyol ester oil (H-POE) (the fatty acid mixed ester oil of the 2-Methyl Butyric Acid/2 ethyl hexanoic acid of pentaerythritol/dipentaerythritol system): 40 ℃ of viscosity are 74.8mm 2/ s
(W) polyvinyl ether oil (PVE) (polymer of alkyl vinyl, alkoxyl group are the ether oil of ethyoxyl): 40 ℃ of viscosity are 67.8mm 2/ s
Table 1 expression refrigeration agent is the result that the intermiscibility of difluoromethane (HFC32) and refrigerator oil is estimated.
In this table, the intermiscibility evaluation result of the main refrigerator oil that uses 10 and 11 illustrates as a comparative example in the refrigerating air-conditioning of present employing R410A.
[table 1]
From this table as can be known, as the low temperature side critical solution temperature of the intermiscibility degree of the HFC32 of refrigeration agent and refrigerator oil, because the kind of refrigerator oil has very big-difference.From this table as can be known, can select the refrigerator oil that mixes with HFC32.
In the combination of the refrigeration agent shown in the embodiment 1～14 and refrigerator oil, the low temperature side critical solution temperature of any combination is below+10 ℃.
Adopt refrigerator oil (K), (P), the intermiscibility of estimating HFC32 the results are shown in comparative example 1 and 6, and when refrigeration agent was HFC32, intermiscibility was poor, and the critical solubility temperature of low temperature side is more than+20 ℃.
In addition, shown in comparative example 2,3 and 7, even change the kinetic viscosity of polyatomic alcohol polybasic alcohol ester oil, polyvinyl ether oil, intermiscibility does not improve yet.
Shown in comparative example 4 and 5, the good oil of intermiscibility of couple HFC32 is also arranged, but kinetic viscosity is at 30mm 2Below/the s, be difficult in refrigerating air-conditioning, use.
In addition, comparative example 8 and 9 illustrates the intermiscibility evaluation result that different oil are planted, but because the low temperature side critical solution temperature more than+20 ℃, is used difficulty.
In contrast, embodiment 1～14, and is good with the intermiscibility of HFC32, but since the low temperature side critical solution temperature below+10 ℃, so applicable to refrigerating air-conditioning.
(embodiment 15～17 and comparative example 12～16)
Be applicable to freezing air conditioner with the refrigerator oil of compressor, except with the intermiscibility of refrigeration agent, thermo-chemical stability and electrical insulating property, lubricity are necessary.Thermo-chemical stability, the particularly occasion of polyatomic alcohol polybasic alcohol ester oil, the water-disintegrable problem that becomes.Measure volume resistivity as electrical insulating property.To lubricity, adopt Falex (Falex) testing machine, estimate the antifriction consumption.Evaluating method such as following.
＜water-disintegrable test＞
Water-disintegrable test method is as shown in following.Refrigeration agent (difluoromethane) and the glass ampule pipe of refrigerator oil with 0.5g/3ml inclosure external diameter 13mm, internal diameter 8mm are implemented sealed tube test.Moisture in the oil is adjusted to 1000ppm, and the copper that employing was ground through sand paper, iron, aluminum steel in 150 ℃, the oil of heating after 21 days, with the 1/10N-KOH aqueous solution (isopropanol) titration, are obtained total acid number as catalyzer.
＜volume resistivity＞
The volume resistivity of refrigerator oil is measured, and electrode is applied the VDC of 1 minute 250V, asks the resistance value after 1 minute.Measuring temperature is 20 ℃.Volume resistivity (ρ) is calculated according to following formula.Reference value as electric insulation oil reaches 1 * 10 13More than the Ω cm.
ρ＝3.6πCoR
R: resistance value (Ω)
Co: do not put into electrostatic capacity (pF) between the electrode under the oily state
＜lubricity＞
Falex friction machine is adopted in the evaluation of lubricity.The friction part of testing machine is immersed in the lubricating cup, and test piece is made of the bar of 2 V-blocks with rotation therebetween.The rotational speed of bar is 290min -1(Sliding velocity 0.1m/s).Test film fully washs, uses after the degreasing with toluene.Also have, the material of bar is that the material of SAE3135 (NiCr steel), V-block is AISI1137 (sulphur free-cutting steel).
Washed test piece is fixed on fixed position, and 80 ℃ of loading 0.45kN, time 3h, temperature are measured operation back abrasion amount.Also have, between the temperature raising period of room temperature to 80 ℃, carry out about 10 minutes adaptability operation with 0.22kN.At this moment abrasion amount from the scale variation of ratchet, is obtained after total abrasion degree of depth of calculating bar and V-block.
Embodiment 15～17 and comparative example 12～16 are estimated the results are shown in table 2.HFC32, because heat insulation index is big, the ejection temperature of compressor also rises about 5～15 ℃.Therefore, compare stable extremely important to heat with the refrigerator oil that uses in the air conditioner that adopts the R410A refrigeration agent.It is generally acknowledged, when temperature is high, cause that organic deterioration is big.Therefore, the water-disintegrable of polyatomic alcohol polybasic alcohol ester oil also is an one evaluating method, when the fatty acid of decomposition product exists in a large number, has the mesh that causes circulation to stop up and the worry of the corrosion abrasion of compressor slide part etc.In addition because the adsorptive power of polyatomic alcohol polybasic alcohol ester oil itself reduces under the high temperature, the reduction of oiliness effect, thus lubricity good also be necessary.
[table 2]
Figure BDA00003366509900161
Compound shown in the comparative example 12～14, owing to adopt straight chain fatty acid, lubricity is good, but hydrolytic resistance is poor, and in addition, volume resistivity does not reach reference value.Adopt the comparative example 15,16 with the good refrigerator oil of the intermiscibility of R410A refrigeration agent, water-disintegrable, electrical insulating property, lubricity can be fully satisfied.But, shown in comparative example 16, when adopting R410A as refrigeration agent, have good intermiscibility, but adopt difluoromethane as the comparative example 15 of refrigeration agent, as shown in table 1, intermiscibility has problem.Opposite with it, adopt embodiment 15～17 the compound of the polyatomic alcohol polybasic alcohol ester oil of branched chain fatty acid, except satisfying the intermiscibility shown in the table 1, water-disintegrable, electrical insulating property, lubricity also can be satisfied equally.Adopt the polyatomic alcohol polybasic alcohol ester oil of straight chain fatty acid, because hydrolytic resistance and volume resistivity are low, so preferably adopt the polyatomic alcohol polybasic alcohol ester oil of branched chain fatty acid.That is, in the polyatomic alcohol polybasic alcohol ester oil with above-mentioned chemical formula (1), (2), (3) and (4) expression, the polyatomic alcohol polybasic alcohol ester oil that R is made of branched alkyl is preferred.In addition, opposite with embodiment 15, embodiment 16,17 abrasion amount are little, can obtain excellent lubrication.This is because embodiment 16,17 compound are the mixtures of dipentaerythritol and pentaerythritol, owing to contain the dipentaerythritol more than the absorption functional group, big to the adsorptive power of metal slip surface, easily present the oiliness effect, obtain excellent lubrication.Particularly by in the high dipentaerythritol of adsorptive power, mixing pentaerythritol, can obtain better thermo-chemical stability and electrical insulating property.Here, owing to present the oiliness effect by the adsorptive power of dipentaerythritol, be preferred more than the % so dipentaerythritol contains 40 moles.Therefore, adopt the mixture by dipentaerythritol and pentaerythritol to constitute, the polyatomic alcohol polybasic alcohol ester oil that contains the above branched chain fatty acid of 40 moles of % of dipentaerythritol is preferred.
(embodiment 18～21 and comparative example 17～18)
Fig. 1 illustrates the indoor air conditioner synoptic diagram of the cooling and warming dual-purpose of present embodiment employing.
Indoor air conditioner 50 is made of indoor set 51 and outdoor unit 52.
Built-in indoor heat converter 5 in the indoor set 51.In addition, compressor having internally mounted 1 in the outdoor unit 52, four-way valve 2, outdoor heat converter 3 and expansion device 4(bulge).Compressor 1 possesses the refrigeration agent press part with slide part.
When carrying out indoor refrigeration, the high-temperature high-pressure refrigerant gas that carries out heat insulation compression with compressor 1, by jet pump and four-way valve 2, with outdoor heat converter 3(as condensation device) cool off, form the liquid refrigerant of high pressure.This refrigeration agent, by expansion device 4(for example, capillary tube and temperature-type expansion valve etc.) expand, formation contains the low-temp low-pressure liquid of minimum gas, delivering to indoor heat converter 5(uses as the evaporation device), obtain heat from indoor air, with the cryogenic gas state, by four-way valve 2, deliver to compressor 1 again.When carrying out indoor heating, by four-way valve 2, the mobile of refrigeration agent changed in the other direction, form reaction.
As compressor 1, adopt the eddy type hermetic type compressor.
Fig. 2 illustrates the schematic configuration of above-mentioned eddy type hermetic type compressor.
Compressor 100 has: fixed scroll member 6, it has helical cover plate 8, rotation scroll element 9 that vertical end plate 7 arranges, its have with the cover plate 10 of the same in fact shape of this fixed scroll member 6, support rotation scroll element 9 frame 14, make the pressurized container 15 of bent axle 11, electric motor 17 and built-in these devices that rotation scroll element 9 rotates.Helical cover plate 8 and cover plate 10, the face of facing one another carries out interlock, forms compression mechanical part.
Rotation scroll element 9, rotation by bent axle 11, be rotated motion, pressing chamber 12(12a, the 12b etc. that form between fixed scroll member 6 and the rotation scroll element 9) in, be positioned at outermost pressing chamber 12, the limit is accompanied by and rotatablely moves, and volume dwindles gradually, and move to the central part of fixed scroll member 6 and rotation scroll element 9 on the limit.Pressing chamber 12, when near the central part that arrives fixed scroll member 6 and rotation scroll element 9, pressing chamber 12 is communicated with ejiction opening 13, and the internal compressed gas of pressing chamber 12 is from spraying the outside that conduit 16 is ejected to compressor 100.
In the compressor 100, by the rotational speed of certain speed or not shown converter Control voltage, make bent axle 11 rotations, carry out compressed action.In addition, below electric motor 17, long-pending oily portion 20 is set, the oil of long-pending oily portion 20 by pressure difference, adopts the oilhole 19 that arranges on the bent axle 11, supplies with slide part, sliding bearing 18 etc. lubricated of rotation scroll element 9 and bent axle 11.The oil of long-pending oily portion 20 often contacts with refrigeration agent, forms the state of refrigeration agent dissolving.
Measure the oil viscosity when refrigeration agent is to the oily meltage in the compressor and refrigeration agent dissolving when adopting this indoor air conditioner.Machine adopts 4.0kW grade machine.When adopting R410A and difluoromethane, because the ability difference changes enclosed volume, rotation number, ability is reached necessarily test.The enclosed volume of refrigeration agent, difluoromethane is enclosed 1500g.Also have, refrigerator oil is enclosed 500ml.As representing test conditions, adjust the refrigeration agent ability and implement to move to 2.0kW.In order to keep the performance of air conditioner, more fully guarantee the long-term reliability of compressor, essential control refrigeration agent is to the meltage of oil in the compressor, and thus, the oil viscosity during the refrigeration agent dissolving becomes important parameters.Compare with the operating conditions of the air conditioner that adopts R410A, when adopting difluoromethane, because the ejection temperature of compressor rises about 5 ℃～15 ℃, refrigerator oil reduces the viscosity of temperature, because the refrigeration agent meltage reduces, can be observed the phenomenon that viscosity increases.Usually, owing to adopt the compressor of R410A, carry out the exploitation of difluoromethane compressor, so its advantage is to be easy to develop the device that adapts with possible limited viscosity.When adopting R410A, the temperature in the above-mentioned representative condition is that 53 ℃, pressure are under the environment of 2.40MPa, and the oil viscosity when the refrigeration agent meltage of oil is 26～31wt%, refrigeration agent dissolving reaches 3.0～5.0mm 2/ s.When adopting difluoromethane, temperature is that 60 ℃, pressure are under the environment of 2.50MPa in the above-mentioned representative condition, and the oil viscosity during the refrigeration agent dissolving reaches 3.0～5.0mm 2/ s is necessary, and this moment, the refrigeration agent meltage to oil reached 17～22 weight %.Cross when low when viscosity, because the sealing of press part reduces, the volumetric efficiency of compressor reduces down.In addition, produce the oil film attenuation, long-term reliability has the worry of reduction.In contrast, when viscosity became too high, the mechanical loss of compressor increased, and compressor efficiency reduces.
Embodiment 18～21 and comparative example 17～18 are measured the results are shown in table 3.Among the embodiment 18～21, be about 20wt% to the refrigeration agent meltage of oil, the oil viscosity during the refrigeration agent dissolving having confirmed to keep suitable.Because difluoromethane is too good with the dissolubility of oil, kinetic viscosity reduces in the comparative example 17.In contrast, in the comparative example 18, difluoromethane is in suitable scope with dissolubility and the kinetic viscosity of oil, shown in comparative example 1, owing to too high being difficult to of low temperature side critical solution temperature is suitable for.
[table 3]
Figure BDA00003366509900191
(embodiment 22～27 and comparative example 19～23)
In embodiment 22～27 and the comparative example 12～16, adopt indoor air conditioner shown in Figure 1, indoor set is arranged in the thermostatic chamber (35 ℃ of room temperatures, humidity 75%), move 2160 hours and carry out real machine test.
When the iron core of motor and coil insulation, adopt heat-resisting PET film (130 ℃ of B kinds), the major insulation lining material of coil adopts polyesterimide and amide imide, adopts the dual lining copper cash of the dual coating of having implemented polyesterimide-amide imide.
In the evaluation of indoor air conditioner, be conceived to the abrasion state of scroll compressor, in the front and back of real machine test, measure the gap increasing amount that produces because of the abrasion between frame～running shaft.Gap increasing amount between frame～running shaft more increases, and the abrasion amount is bigger, generally is the increase that is accompanied by the gap increasing amount, and vibration and noise strengthen.
As refrigeration agent, adopt difluoromethane.The advantage of difluoromethane is, but almost former state use of the refrigerating and air conditioning of present R410A machine circulation.In the refrigerating and air conditioning circulation, the intermiscibility of refrigeration agent and refrigerator oil is the key property of guaranteeing to the oil amount of returning of compressor, and same with refrigeration agent, refrigerator oil also must circulate.When the intermiscibility variation, can not circulate from the refrigerator oil of compressor by the mechanism ejection, particularly produce the fry dried food ingredients that separates at low-temp. portion and give birth to delay, the oil mass of compressor reduces, and the lubricant oil of slide part produces fault.Therefore, the operating conditions temperature range in the refrigerating and air conditioning circulation, the temperature that preferred refrigerant and refrigerator oil can mix.That is, to be in dissolved state be preferred for refrigeration agent and refrigerator oil.
In the present embodiment, adopt refrigerator oil (A), (B), (F), (I), (T) and (V), difluoromethane is had the effect among the embodiment 1～14 of intermiscibility, verify.As a comparative example, to (K) of difluoromethane intermiscibility difference and (P) and have intermiscibility but low (N) of kinetic viscosity estimates.In addition, to (K) that adopt existing refrigeration agent R410A and (P) also compare evaluation.
In this test, the good compression machine state gap increasing amount (sliding bearing gap increasing amount) that to be test back produce because of the abrasion between frame～running shaft is below 10 μ m and the resid amount that can guarantee compressor.
Table 4 illustrates the result of embodiment 22～27 and comparative example 19～23.
[table 4]
Figure BDA00003366509900211
In this table, shown in comparative example 22 and 23, existing R410A machine, the gap increasing amount between the frame～running shaft of compressor is few, and the refrigerator oil resid amount in the compressor also can fully be guaranteed.Yet shown in comparative example 19 and 20, when employing was implemented with the combination of difluoromethane (HFC32) intermiscibility difference, the residual amount of the refrigerator oil of compressor reduced, because not guaranteeing sufficient oil film, so the gap increasing amount between frame～running shaft strengthens.As to shown in the good comparative example 21 of the intermiscibility of difluoromethane, owing to can not get sufficient kinetic viscosity, even can guarantee the residual amount of the refrigerator oil of compressor, also can not get necessary oil slick thickness, so the gap increasing amount between frame～running shaft strengthens.
Opposite with these, difluoromethane had the refrigerating air-conditioning shown in the embodiment 22～27 of intermiscibility, gap increasing amount between frame～running shaft can significantly reduce, and can guarantee the refrigerator oil resid amount of compressor, so refrigerating air-conditioning obtains high reliability.
From above embodiment's result as can be known, refrigerating air-conditioning of the present invention can suppress the abrasion of compressor, can fully guarantee long-term insulating reliability.
In addition, confirm rotary compressor, dual rotation type compressor, 2 sections compression rotary compressors and cylinder and the integrated runout formula of impeller compressor, also obtained same effect.
Utilize possibility on the industry
The present invention is applicable to freezing air conditioner compressor and refrigerating air-conditioning.
[explanation of symbol]
1,100: compressor
2: four-way valve
3: outdoor heat converter
4: expansion device
5: indoor heat converter
6: fixed scroll member
7: end plate
8: the helical cover plate
9: the rotation scroll element
10: cover plate
11: bent axle
12,12a, 12b: pressing chamber
13: ejiction opening
14: frame
15: pressurized container
16: the ejection conduit
17: electric motor
18: sliding bearing
19: oilhole
20: long-pending oily portion
50: indoor air conditioner
51: indoor set
52: outdoor unit

Claims (11)

1. freezing air conditioner compressor, it is to possess refrigeration agent press part with slide part, enclosed as the difluoromethane of refrigeration agent and the freezing air conditioner compressor of refrigerator oil, it is characterized in that above-mentioned refrigerator oil is 30～100mm 40 ℃ kinetic viscosity 2/ s, the low temperature side critical solution temperature of above-mentioned refrigeration agent and above-mentioned refrigerator oil is below+10 ℃.
2. according to the described freezing air conditioner compressor of claim 1, it is characterized in that above-mentioned refrigerator oil is 17～22 weight % with respect to the refrigeration agent meltage of oil under 60 ℃, the condition of 2.5MPa, the oil viscosity during the refrigeration agent dissolving is 3.0～5.0mm 2/ s.
3. according to the described freezing air conditioner compressor of claim 1, it is characterized in that above-mentioned refrigerator oil is polyatomic alcohol polybasic alcohol ester oil or polyvinyl ether oil.
4. according to the described freezing air conditioner compressor of claim 3, it is characterized in that, above-mentioned polyatomic alcohol polybasic alcohol ester oil contain be selected from by the compound of following chemical formula (1), (2), (3) and (4) expression (in the formula, R 1～R 11The alkyl of expression carbon number 4～9) at least a as base oil and in the group that constitutes of compound ester oil:
Figure FDA00003366509800011
Figure FDA00003366509800021
5. according to the described freezing air conditioner compressor of claim 3, it is characterized in that, above-mentioned polyvinyl ether oil for the base oil represented with following chemical formula (5) (in the formula, Q i(i is any of 1～m, Q 1～Q mFor the numerical value with superscript type be order carry out linear array in conjunction with) have the chemical structure of following chemical formula (6) expression, an OR in the following chemical formula (6) 12Be methoxyl group, ethyoxyl, propoxyl group or butoxy, Q 1～Q mThe OR that any one is contained 12Be methoxyl group, m is 5～15):
Figure FDA00003366509800022
Figure FDA00003366509800023
6. according to the described freezing air conditioner compressor of claim 3, it is characterized in that, above-mentioned polyatomic alcohol polybasic alcohol ester oil contain be selected from by the compound of following chemical formula (1), (2), (3) and (4) expression (in the formula, R 1～R 11The branched alkyl of expression carbon number 4～9, they both can be identical also can be different) and the group that constitutes of compound ester oil at least a as base oil:
Figure FDA00003366509800031
Figure FDA00003366509800032
Figure FDA00003366509800033
Figure FDA00003366509800034
7. according to the described freezing air conditioner compressor of claim 3, it is characterized in that, and the compound that the compound that above-mentioned polyatomic alcohol polybasic alcohol ester oil comprises following chemical formula (3) expression and following chemical formula (4) are represented (in the formula, R 6～R 11The branched alkyl of expression carbon number 4～9, they both can be identical also can be different) mixture:
Figure FDA00003366509800041
8. according to the described freezing air conditioner compressor of claim 2, it is characterized in that above-mentioned refrigerator oil is polyatomic alcohol polybasic alcohol ester oil or polyvinyl ether oil.
9. according to the described freezing air conditioner compressor of claim 8, it is characterized in that, above-mentioned polyatomic alcohol polybasic alcohol ester oil contain be selected from by the compound of following chemical formula (1), (2), (3) and (4) expression (in the formula, R 1～R 11The branched alkyl of expression carbon number 4～9, they both can be identical also can be different) and the group that constitutes of compound ester oil at least a as base oil:
Figure FDA00003366509800042
Figure FDA00003366509800043
Figure FDA00003366509800051
Figure FDA00003366509800052
10. according to the described freezing air conditioner compressor of claim 8, it is characterized in that, and the compound that the compound that above-mentioned polyatomic alcohol polybasic alcohol ester oil comprises following chemical formula (3) expression and following chemical formula (4) are represented (in the formula, R 6～R 11The branched alkyl of expression carbon number 4～9, they both can be identical also can be different) mixture:
Figure FDA00003366509800053
Figure FDA00003366509800054
11. refrigerating air-conditioning is characterized in that, adopts any one described freezing air conditioner compressor of claim 1～10.
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