CN103233148A - Aluminum alloy product suitable for structure and function integration, and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Aluminum alloy product suitable for structure and function integration, and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to an aluminum alloy product suitable for structure and function integration, and a preparation method thereof. The aluminum alloy product comprises the components of, by weight, 5.5-10.0% of Zn, 1.5-2.8% of Mg, 1.5-2.5% of Cu, 0.01-0.50% of Cr, 0.05-0.50% of Mn, 0.01-0.20% of Zr, and balance of of Al and incidental elements and impurities. In the aluminum alloy product: (a) Zn+Mg+Cu is no lower than 10.0% and no higher than 14.0%; (b) (Zn/Mg)+Cu is no lower than 4.4 and no higher than 6.5; (c) Cr+Mn+Zr is no lower than 0.10 and no higher than 0.60; and (d) the content of Cr is no higher than that of Mn, and content of Mn is no higher than that of Cr+0.20. The aluminum alloy product has high strength, high electric conductivity, and good thermal conductivity. Also, the aluminum alloy product has low residual stress, good surface quality, and good dimensional precision. The invention also relates to a preparation method of the aluminum alloy product.
Description
Technical field
Technical field involved in the present invention is aluminum alloy materials, particularly 7xxx system (Al-Zn-Mg-Cu system) aluminum alloy materials of being named by IAI; More specifically, the present invention relates to structure-function integration aluminium alloy material material products.Though the most typical application of the present invention is extruded product, it also can be applied to rolled product, drawing goods, forged article and cast product.
Background technology
Aluminium alloy becomes the widest, the most typical lightweight structural material of application surface in the present various structural metallic materials owing to have little, the easy processing of proportion, low cost and other advantages.Fast development along with scientific and technological level, modern equipment more and more presents integrated, light-weighted development trend, demand to the aluminum alloy materials of structure-function integration constantly increases, and has also proposed more and more higher requirement for comprehensive use properties (comprising mechanical property, physicals, corrosion resistance etc.) and the process industrial art performance (comprising machinability, welding property etc.) of aluminum alloy materials.In the various aluminium alloys of realizing commercial applications, Al-Zn-Mg-Cu system (being called for short 7xxx system) aluminium alloy has the highest strength level, it has high specific tenacity and rigidity, easily processing, corrosion resistance nature and higher advantages such as fracture toughness property preferably, obtain application widely in fields such as aerospace, communications and transportation, and become one of most important structured material in this field.
But the existing 7xxx line aluminium alloy material that uses is paid close attention to material more as the effect of structural part, and having ignored it can be simultaneously as the one side of functional part, fails well to bring into play comprehensive superiority of aluminum alloy materials.Domestic and international existing development work also mainly is to be that purpose is carried out with the 7xxx line aluminium alloy in fields such as aerospace as single structural material applications, main static strength, rigidity, fracture toughness property, fatigue property and the corrosive nature of considering material, physicalies such as the conductivity of special consideration material, heat conductivility seldom simultaneously.The 7xxx line aluminium alloy is used for the manufacturing of electronic apparatus component, during especially for high power device, its Working environment exists singularity, not only need superstrength play load-bearing structural member, to realize light-weighted effect, also need as the functional part transmission current and pass to heat etc., this just requires material require to have high static strength, high specific conductivity and thermal conductivity and anti-stress corrosion performance etc.Current material is difficult to satisfy simultaneously these particular requirements.For this reason, further carry out relevant development work, optimization design by technologies such as alloying constituent, preparation processing and thermal treatments is effectively regulated and control tissue and the performance of material, make 7xxx line aluminium alloy material product structure set and function and the whole body, acquisition is to optimum properties coupling and good surface quality and dimensional precision, modern equipment Highgrade integration, light-weighted growth requirement be will satisfy well, the design of 7xxx line aluminium alloy material, preparation experience and technological accumulation are conducive to further enrich.
Summary of the invention
The primary technical problem that the present invention will solve is to propose a kind of structure-function integration Al-alloy products that is applicable to, can make 7xxx Al-alloy products structure set and function, have high-intensity have simultaneously high specific conductivity and good heat-conducting; Simultaneously, have low unrelieved stress and favorable surface quality and dimensional precision.
Second technical problem that the present invention will solve is to propose the preparation method of this Al-alloy products.
The 3rd technical problem that the present invention will solve is to propose the final component that this Al-alloy products processes by mechanical workout, chemical milling processing, electrospark machining or laser processing mode.
To achieve these goals, the present invention takes following technical scheme:
The present invention relates to a kind of structure-function integration Al-alloy products that is suitable for, it has following performance: (a) have high-intensity have simultaneously high specific conductivity and good heat-conducting; Its yield strength 〉=570MPa, and satisfy relation between yield strength σ (units MPa) and the conductivity gamma (%IACS of unit): σ+10 γ 〉=950, thermal conductivity is more than or equal to 140W/ (m.K); (b) have low unrelieved stress: residual-stress value≤50MPa, described Al-alloy products contains following compositions by weight percentage:
Zn:5.5～10.0, Mg:1.5～2.8, Cu:1.5～2.5, Cr:0.01～0.50, Mn:0.05～0.50, Zr:0.01～0.20, and the rest is Al, subsidiary element and impurity, wherein:
(a)10.0≤Zn+Mg+Cu≤14.0；
(b)4.4≤(Zn/Mg)+Cu≤6.5；
(c) 0.10≤Cr+Mn+Zr≤0.60; With
(d)Cr≤Mn≤Cr+0.20。
Its yield strength 〉=570MPa, and satisfy relation between yield strength σ (units MPa) and the conductivity gamma (%IACS of unit): σ+10 γ 〉=950, thermal conductivity is more than or equal to 140W/ (m.K); Generally speaking, 570MPa≤yield strength≤1100MPa, and satisfy relation between yield strength σ (units MPa) and the conductivity gamma (%IACS of unit): 950≤σ+10 γ≤1600,140W/ (m.K)≤thermal conductivity≤205W/ (m.K).
Preferred version of the present invention is: the described structure-function integration Al-alloy products that is suitable for, and it contains following compositions by weight percentage:
Zn:6.2～9.0, Mg:1.8～2.4, Cu:1.6～2.3, Cr:0.03～0.20, Mn:0.10～0.30, Zr:0.03～0.15, and the rest is Al, subsidiary element and impurity, wherein:
(a)10.2≤Zn+Mg+Cu≤12.8；
(b)4.6≤(Zn/Mg)+Cu≤6.1；
(c) 0.34≤Cr+Mn+Zr≤0.48; With
(d)Cr≤Mn≤Cr+0.17。
Described subsidiary element comprises the subsidiary element of at least a microalloying that is selected among Ti, Ni, Ag, Sc, Er and the Hf, needs to satisfy: the content of described micro alloying element meets 0.34wt%≤[among Cr+Mn+Zr+(Ti, Ni, Ag, Sc, Er and the Hf at least a)]≤0.48wt%.
Described impurity contains: Fe≤0.50wt%, Si≤0.50wt%.
Described impurity preferably contains: Fe≤0.40wt%, Si≤0.20wt%.
Use in the Al-alloy products at the structure-function integration that is applicable to of the present invention, wherein, the element that except Ti, Ni, Ag, Sc, Er and Hf other is subsidiary and the every kind≤0.10wt% of other impurity element except Fe and Si, and the summation≤0.20wt% of wherein said other subsidiary element and other impurity element.
Use in the Al-alloy products at the structure-function integration that is applicable to of the present invention, wherein, the element that except Ti, Ni, Ag, Sc, Er and Hf other is subsidiary and the every kind≤0.05wt% of other impurity element except Fe and Si, and the summation≤0.12wt% of wherein said other subsidiary element and other impurity element.
With in the Al-alloy products, the Cu content in the wherein said Al-alloy products is less than or equal to Mg content at the structure-function integration that is applicable to of the present invention.
With in the Al-alloy products, the cross section minimum thickness of wherein said Al-alloy products is 0.1～200mm, and described Al-alloy products is extruded product, drawing goods, rolled product, forged article or cast product at the structure-function integration that is applicable to of the present invention.
A kind of method of producing this Al-alloy products, it may further comprise the steps:
(1) according to the composition in the Al-alloy products of the present invention and content, makes semicontinuous casting ingot casting or die casting;
(2) gained ingot casting or foundry goods are carried out homogenizing thermal treatment;
(3) become workpiece to carrying out the one or many deformation processing through the heat treated ingot casting of homogenizing, thereby obtain the alloy product of required specification;
(4) carry out solution heat treatment to the deformation processing part or through the heat treated foundry goods of homogenizing;
(5) will be through the alloy product of solution heat treatment rapid cool to room temperature; With
(6) alloy product to cool to room temperature carries out timeliness thermal treatment to obtain the coupling of key property, to obtain required structure-function integration Al-alloy products.
In the method for this Al-alloy products of production of the present invention, wherein in step (1), adopt melting, degasification, except being mingled with and the mode of semicontinuous casting is carried out the manufacturing of ingot casting; In fusion process, by online composition detection analysis, replenish the proportioning of adjusting between the alloying element fast, and finish whole ingot casting manufacturing processedes.
In the method for this Al-alloy products of production of the present invention, wherein in step (1), the mode that also is included in semicontinuous casting carries out applying electromagnetic field, ultrasonic field or mechanical stirring near ingot casting used crystallizer position or its.
In the method for this Al-alloy products of production of the present invention, wherein in step (2), described homogenizing thermal treatment is undertaken by in the mode that is selected from down group one or more groups:
(1) in 460～480 ℃ of scopes, carries out the single-stage homogenizing thermal treatment of 12～60h;
(2) in 400～490 ℃ of scopes, carrying out total time is the twin-stage homogenizing thermal treatment of 12～60h;
(3) in 400～490 ℃ of scopes, carrying out total time is the multistage homogenizing thermal treatment of 12～60h; With
(4) in 360～490 ℃ of scopes, carrying out total time is the slowly intensification homogenizing thermal treatment continuously of 24～72h.
In the method for this Al-alloy products of production of the present invention, wherein in step (3), described one or many deformation processing adopt be selected from extruding, drawing, forging, a kind of in rolling or and the mode of combination carry out, preheating temperature before the processing of thermal distortion each time is 380～450 ℃, and be 1～6h warm up time.
In the method for this Al-alloy products of production of the present invention, wherein in step (3), described one or many thermal distortion processing adopts the mode of extruding to carry out, wherein, take the mode of extrusion speed, and in conjunction with extruding tool and mould optimization design, with recrystallized structure ratio in the accurate control alloy product, and deformable member surface quality and tolerance of dimension.
In the method for this Al-alloy products of production of the present invention, wherein in step (4), described solution heat treatment needs further regulate and control recrystallized structure ratio in the goods according to performance requriements, and is undertaken by being selected from down in the mode of organizing one or more groups:
(1) in 450～478 ℃ of scopes, goods is carried out the single-stage solution heat treatment of 1～12h;
(2) in 440～485 ℃ of scopes, goods are carried out the twin-stage solution heat treatment that total time is 1～12h;
(3) in 440～485 ℃ of scopes, goods are carried out the multistage solution heat treatment that total time is 1～12h; With
(4) in 420～485 ℃ of scopes, carrying out total time is the slowly intensification solution heat treatment continuously of 1～12h.
In the method for this Al-alloy products of production of the present invention, wherein, be raised to from room temperature to adopt slowly in the temperature range of solution heat treatment and heat up continuously, temperature rise rate≤2 ℃/min, the effective heating times after temperature reaches 460 ℃
Wherein D is Al-alloy products cross section equivalence circular diameter.
In the method for this Al-alloy products of production of the present invention, wherein in step (5), use and be selected from that the heat-eliminating medium immersion quenches, spray-type quenches, a kind of in the high wind cooling or and the mode of combination alloy product is cooled to room temperature rapidly.
In the method for this Al-alloy products of production of the present invention, wherein in step (6), alloy product is carried out three grades of timeliness thermal treatments: first step aging temperature is 105～125 ℃, insulation 1～24h; Be warming up to 165～200 ℃ of second stage timeliness thermal treatment temps afterwards in 0.2 ~ 2h continuously, insulation 0.2～8h adopts the mode of water-cooled or air cooling to cool off fast, is cooled to room temperature or room temperature to 0 ℃; Third stage aging temperature is 100～140 ℃, insulation 1～36h.
In the method for this Al-alloy products of production of the present invention, wherein said three grades of timeliness thermal treatments are: first step aging temperature is 110～120 ℃, insulation 4～16h; In 0.5 ~ 1h, be warming up to 170～185 ℃ of second stage timeliness thermal treatment temps afterwards continuously, insulation 0.5～3h; Third stage aging temperature is 115～125 ℃, insulation 8～28h.
In the method for this Al-alloy products of production of the present invention, wherein between step (5) and (6), also can may further comprise the steps: the alloy product to cool to room temperature is out of shape the predeformation processing of total amount in 1～5% scope, and the cooperation straightening processing, the linearity equidimension precision of control goods in the time of with the residualinternal stress in effective elimination goods.
In the method for this Al-alloy products of production of the present invention, wherein said predeformation is treated to preliminary draft or precompression.
In the method for this Al-alloy products of production of the present invention, the mode that wherein said straightening processing adopts the roller that commutates repeatedly to rectify is carried out.
The Al-alloy products made from the method for this Al-alloy products of production of the present invention, yield strength 〉=the 570MPa of wherein said Al-alloy products, and satisfy relation between yield strength σ (units MPa) and the conductivity gamma (%IACS of unit): σ+10 γ 〉=950, thermal conductivity is more than or equal to 140W/ (m.K).
Yield strength 〉=the 570MPa of described Al-alloy products, and satisfy relation between yield strength σ (units MPa) and the conductivity gamma (%IACS of unit): σ+10 γ 〉=950, thermal conductivity is more than or equal to 140W/ (m.K); Generally speaking, 570MPa≤yield strength≤1100MPa, and satisfy relation between yield strength σ (units MPa) and the conductivity gamma (%IACS of unit): 950≤σ+10 γ≤1600,140W/ (m.K)≤thermal conductivity≤205W/ (m.K).
In the Al-alloy products made from the method for this Al-alloy products of production of the present invention, yield strength 〉=the 590MPa of wherein said Al-alloy products, and satisfy relation between yield strength σ (units MPa) and the conductivity gamma (%IACS of unit): σ+10 γ 〉=985, thermal conductivity is more than or equal to 155W/ (m.K).Generally speaking, 590MPa≤yield strength≤1100MPa, and satisfy relation between yield strength σ (units MPa) and the conductivity gamma (%IACS of unit): 985≤σ+10 γ≤1600,155W/ (m.K)≤thermal conductivity≤205W/ (m.K).
In the Al-alloy products made from the method for this Al-alloy products of production of the present invention, wherein said Al-alloy products is processed into final component by the mode that is selected from mechanical workout, chemical milling processing, electrospark machining, laser processing and combination thereof.
A kind of structure-function integration that is applicable to that the present invention relates to is with Al-alloy products and preparation method's beneficial effect:
(1) by implementing the present invention, can make 7xxx line aluminium alloy material structure set and function and the whole body effectively, well given play to comprehensive superiority of aluminum alloy materials, allowed Al-alloy products have high-intensity have simultaneously high specific conductivity and good heat-conducting; Have low unrelieved stress and favorable surface quality and dimensional precision simultaneously.In the active demand of effectively satisfying modern equipment Highgrade integration, lightweight development, the Application Areas of aluminum alloy materials will be expanded greatly further.
(2) the material design and the preparation method that the present invention relates to regulate and control thought, are equally applicable to other line aluminium alloy materials, are conducive to further enrich the design of 7xxx line aluminium alloy material, preparation experience and technological accumulation.Design to other metallic material products also has reference and guiding value.The most typical application of the present invention is extruded product, but it also can be applied to rolled product, drawing goods, forged article and cast product.
Description of drawings
The comparison diagram of Fig. 1 alloy of the present invention, 2024 and 7055 Mechanical Properties of Aluminum Alloys, specific conductivity, thermal conductivity, corrosive nature.
Embodiment
The present invention relates to a kind of structure-function integration Al-alloy products that is suitable for, it has following ability: (a) have high-intensity have simultaneously high specific conductivity and good heat-conducting; (b) have low unrelieved stress and favorable surface quality and dimensional precision, described Al-alloy products contains following compositions by weight percentage: Zn:5.5～10.0, Mg:1.5～2.8, Cu:1.5～2.5, Cr:0.01～0.50, Mn:0.05～0.50, Zr:0.01～0.20, and the rest is Al, subsidiary element and impurity, wherein: (a) 10.0≤Zn+Mg+Cu≤14.0; (b) 4.4≤(Zn/Mg)+Cu≤6.5; (c) 0.10≤Cr+Mn+Zr≤0.60; (d) Cr≤Mn≤Cr+0.20.
Preferred version of the present invention is: the described structure-function integration Al-alloy products that is suitable for, it contains following compositions by weight percentage: Zn:6.2～9.0, Mg:1.8～2.4, Cu:1.6～2.3, Cr:0.03～0.20, Mn:0.10～0.30, Zr:0.03～0.15, and the rest is Al, subsidiary element and impurity, wherein: (a) 10.2≤Zn+Mg+Cu≤12.8; (b) 4.6≤(Zn/Mg)+Cu≤6.1; (c) 0.34≤Cr+Mn+Zr≤0.48; (d) Cr≤Mn≤Cr+0.17.
The subsidiary element of above-mentioned Al-alloy products also may comprise the subsidiary element of at least a microalloying that is selected among Ti, Ni, Ag, Sc, Er and the Hf, needs to satisfy: the content of described micro alloying element meets 0.34wt%≤[among Cr+Mn+Zr+(Ti, Ni, Ag, Sc, Er and the Hf at least a)]≤0.48wt%.
The impurity of above-mentioned Al-alloy products may contain Fe, Si, needs to satisfy: Fe≤0.50wt%, Si≤0.50wt%.
The element that except Ti, Ni, Ag, Sc, Er and Hf other is subsidiary and the every kind≤0.10wt% of other impurity element except Fe and Si, and the summation≤0.20wt% of wherein said other subsidiary element and other impurity element.
Preferred satisfied: Fe≤0.40wt%, Si≤0.20wt%, Ti≤0.06wt%, the element that except Ti, Ni, Ag, Sc, Er and Hf other is subsidiary and the every kind≤0.05wt% of other impurity element except Fe and Si, and the summation≤0.12wt% of wherein said other subsidiary element and other impurity element.
Above-mentioned Al-alloy products, the Cu content in the wherein said Al-alloy products is less than or equal to Mg content.The cross section minimum thickness of wherein said Al-alloy products is 0.1～200mm, and described Al-alloy products is extruded product, drawing goods, rolled product, forged article or cast product.
The invention still further relates to the preparation method who produces this Al-alloy products, its described Al-alloy products comprises aluminium alloy distortion fabricated product and aluminium alloy casting goods.The process of described aluminium alloy distortion fabricated product can be described as " homogenizing thermal treatment-deformation processing (extruding, rolling, forging, drawing) that alloy preparation and melting-semicontinuous casting prepare ingot casting-ingot casting obtains being out of shape goods-solution treatment and the processing-ageing treatment that eliminates stress-finished commodities ".The manufacturing processed of described aluminium alloy casting goods can be described as " preparation of alloy and melting-die casting moulding-solution treatment-ageing treatment-finished commodities ".It may further comprise the steps:
(1) makes semicontinuous casting ingot casting or die casting as described in the present invention;
(2) gained ingot casting or foundry goods are carried out homogenizing thermal treatment;
(3) to carrying out the one or many deformation processing through the heat treated ingot casting of homogenizing, thereby obtain the alloy product of required specification;
(4) carry out solution heat treatment to the deformation processing part or through the heat treated foundry goods of homogenizing;
(5) will be through the alloy product of solution heat treatment rapid cool to room temperature; With
(6) alloy product is carried out timeliness thermal treatment to obtain the coupling of key property, to obtain required structure-function integration Al-alloy products.
Wherein in step (1), adopt melting, degasification, except being mingled with and the mode of semicontinuous casting is carried out the manufacturing of ingot casting; In fusion process, by online composition detection analysis, replenish the proportioning of adjusting between the alloying element fast, and finish whole ingot casting manufacturing processedes.One preferred aspect, in step (1), apply electromagnetic field, ultrasonic field or mechanical stirring near also being included in crystallizer position or its.
In step (2), described homogenizing thermal treatment is undertaken by the mode that is selected from down group: (1) carries out the single-stage homogenizing thermal treatment of 12～60h in 460～480 ℃ of scopes; (2) in 400～490 ℃ of scopes, carrying out total time is the twin-stage homogenizing thermal treatment of 12～60h; (3) in 400～490 ℃ of scopes, carrying out total time is the multistage homogenizing thermal treatment of 12～60h; (4) in 360～490 ℃ of scopes, carrying out total time is the slowly intensification homogenizing thermal treatment continuously of 24～72h.
In step (3), described one or many deformation processing adopts and is selected from extruding, drawing, forging, mode rolling and combination and carries out, and the preheating temperature before the processing of thermal distortion each time is 380～450 ℃, and be 1～6h warm up time.One preferred aspect, adopt the mode be selected from extruding to carry out, take the mode of extrusion speed, and in conjunction with extruding tool and mould optimization design, with recrystallized structure ratio in the accurate control alloy product, and deformable member surface quality and tolerance of dimension.
In step (4), described solution heat treatment needs further to regulate and control recrystallized structure ratio in the goods according to performance requriements, and is undertaken by the mode that is selected from down group: (1) carries out the single-stage solution heat treatment of 1～12h to goods in 450～478 ℃ of scopes; (2) in 440～485 ℃ of scopes, goods are carried out the twin-stage solution heat treatment that total time is 1～12h; (3) in 440～485 ℃ of scopes, goods are carried out the multistage solution heat treatment that total time is 1～12h; (4) in 420～485 ℃ of scopes, carrying out total time is the slowly intensification solution heat treatment continuously of 1～12h.One preferred aspect, adopt slowly intensification solution heat treatment continuously, temperature rise rate≤2 ℃/min, the effective heating times after temperature reaches 460 ℃
Wherein D is Al-alloy products cross section equivalence circular diameter.
In step (5), use the mode that is selected from the quenching of heat-eliminating medium immersion, spray-type quenching, high wind cooling and combination thereof that alloy product is cooled to room temperature rapidly.
In step (6), alloy product is carried out three grades of timeliness thermal treatments: first step aging temperature is 105～125 ℃, insulation 1～24h; Be warming up to 165～200 ℃ of second stage timeliness thermal treatment temps afterwards in 0.2 ~ 2h continuously, insulation 0.2～8h adopts the mode of water-cooled or air cooling to cool off fast; Third stage aging temperature is 100～140 ℃, insulation 1～36h.One preferred aspect, adopt following three grades of timeliness thermal treatments: first step aging temperature is 110～120 ℃, the insulation 4～16h; Be warming up to 170～185 ℃ of second stage timeliness thermal treatment temps afterwards in 0.5 ~ 1h continuously, insulation 0.5～3h adopts the mode of water-cooled or air cooling to cool off fast; Third stage aging temperature is 115～125 ℃, insulation 8～28h.
Between step (5) and (6), also can may further comprise the steps: the alloy product through cooling is out of shape the predeformation of total amount in 1～5% scope handles, and the cooperation straightening processing, the linearity equidimension precision of control goods in the time of with the residualinternal stress in effective elimination goods.Wherein, described predeformation is treated to preliminary draft or precompression, and the mode that described straightening processing adopts the roller that commutates repeatedly to rectify is carried out.
Wherein, Al-alloy products as described in the present invention, satisfy relation between its yield strength σ (units MPa) and the conductivity gamma (%IACS of unit): σ+10 γ 〉=950, thermal conductivity is more than or equal to 140W/ (m.K).Satisfy relation between the yield strength σ of preferred described Al-alloy products (units MPa) and the conductivity gamma (%IACS of unit): σ+10 γ 〉=985, thermal conductivity is more than or equal to 155W/ (m.K).
Al-alloy products is processed into final component by the mode that is selected from mechanical workout, chemical milling processing, electrospark machining, laser processing and combination thereof as described herein.
Prepare alloy in laboratory scale, to prove principle of the present invention.The one-tenth of alloy is grouped into as shown in table 1.By known in the industry alloy melting, degasification, except being mingled with and the method for semicontinuous casting prepares the round ingot casting of Ф 210mm, the homogenizing annealing system of ingot casting be chosen as (440 ± 5 ℃/12h)+(472 ± 3 ℃/24h), slow cooling in air subsequently.After peeling, sawing, obtain the extrusion billet of Ф 190 * 400mm.Extrusion billet at 420 ± 10 ℃ of following preheating 4h, is carried out extrusion molding at 800 tons of extrusion machines subsequently, finally obtain the extruded bars goods of Ф 20mm specification, extrusion ratio is 16.7.In order accurately to control deformable member surface quality and tolerance of dimension better, in conjunction with extruding tool and mould optimization design, and the accuracy controlling extrusion speed.After these alloy extruded bars scale sawings, adopt the mode that slowly heats up continuously to carry out solution heat treatment, temperature rise rate is 2 ℃/min, temperature program brings into operation after furnace temperature rises to 420 ℃ fast, effective heating time after temperature reaches 460 ℃ is 60min, carry out straightening processing after the shrend immediately, the difference according to alloying constituent adopts three grades of suitable aging techniques that alloy product is carried out ageing treatment respectively subsequently.According to relevant testing standard, room temperature tensile performance, specific conductivity, thermal conductivity, anti-stress corrosion performance and 200 ℃ of drawing by high temperature yield strengths of alloy are tested, the result is as shown in table 2.
The alloying constituent of table 1 laboratory scale ingot casting
The The performance test results of table 2 alloy extruded bars
[notes]: detecting the SCC drag is to load in 3.5wt%NaCl solution, and load is set at 75%TYS.High-temperature behavior is to be incubated down at 200 ℃ to test.
As can be seen from Table 2,1#, 2#, 3#, 4#, 5#, 6#, 7#, 8# alloy product all have what is called and have high-intensity have simultaneously high specific conductivity and good heat conductivility, yield strength remains on more than the 595MPa, and satisfy relation between its yield strength σ (units MPa) and the conductivity gamma (%IACS of unit): σ+10 γ 〉=985, thermal conductivity is more than or equal to 155W/ (m.K).Simultaneously, alloy product have good plasticity, hot strength and an anti-stress corrosion performance, elongation remains on more than 9.0%, the drawing by high temperature yield strength that records under 200 ℃ remains on more than the 400MPa, anti-stress test 〉=80 day.The performance of 9#, 10#, 11#, 12#, 13# alloy product fails to satisfy the matched well of above-mentioned " structure " and " function ".Wherein, the 9# alloy has low relatively main alloying element Zn, Mg, Cu total content, has shown good heat conductivility, but strength property decline is comparatively obvious; 10#, 3# alloy have high relatively alloy element Zn, Mg, Cu total content, have shown good strength property, but the specific conductivity of alloy, thermal conductivity and corrosive nature decline are comparatively obvious; The every The performance test results of 11# alloy has shown though be conducive to improve the alloy high-temp performance, can cause the decline of thermal conductivity and the specific conductivity of material when Cr, Mn and Zr too high levels; The 12# alloy causes the alloy over-all properties undesirable because the element proportioning is unreasonable.
Embodiment 2:
Adopt industrial test by known in the industry alloy melting, degasification, except being mingled with and the method for semicontinuous casting prepares the round ingot casting of a collection of Ф 380mm, its one-tenth is grouped into as shown in table 3.The homogenizing annealing system of ingot casting be chosen as (440 ± 5 ℃/12h)+(472 ± 3 ℃/24h), slow cooling in air subsequently.After peeling, sawing, obtain the extrusion billet of Ф 360 * 600mm.
The alloying constituent of table 3 industrial test
With extrusion billet at 420 ± 10 ℃ of following preheating 4h, different extrusion modes according to design carry out extrusion molding on 1600 tons of extrusion machines subsequently, obtain the T shape product of the bar goods of Ф 30mm specification, the tubing goods of external diameter Ф 36mm * wall thickness 2.5mm, wide 200mm * high 40mm * wall thickness 5mm respectively.In order accurately to control deformable member surface quality and tolerance of dimension better, in conjunction with extruding tool and mould optimization design, accuracy controlling extrusion speed.
Other gets a blank, forges into rolled blank in many ways at the open die forging machine after preheating, is rolled distortion again, and strict controlled rolling temperature and pass deformation finally obtain the thick board product of 4mm.After these alloy squeeze wood scale sawings, adopt the mode that slowly heats up continuously to carry out solution heat treatment, temperature rise rate is 2 ℃/min, temperature program brings into operation after furnace temperature rises to 420 ℃ fast, bar, tubing, section bar and sheet material are respectively 70min, 55min, 75min and 50min at the effective heating time that temperature reaches after 460 ℃, carry out pre-tension deformation and straightening processing after the shrend immediately, adopt three grades of suitable aging techniques that four kinds of alloy products are carried out ageing treatment subsequently.According to relevant testing standard, room temperature tensile performance, specific conductivity, thermal conductivity, anti-stress corrosion performance and 200 ℃ of drawing by high temperature yield strengths of alloy are tested, the result is as shown in table 4.
The performance of the bar of table 4 preparation of industrialization, tubing, section bar and sheet material
Embodiment 3:
Utilize the extrusion billet of the Ф 360 * 600mm of preparation among the embodiment 2, further verification experimental verification adopts different preparation methods (comprising crimp, pre-tension deformation and straightening processing) to the influence of alloy products surface quality, linearity and unrelieved stress under industrialized condition.Test according to relevant testing standard, wherein, the unrelieved stress tester is adopted in the test of alloy product unrelieved stress, presses the described borehole strain method for releasing of CB3395-1992, get a plurality of position measurement results' mean value as the equivalent residual-stress value of goods, the result is as shown in table 5.
The surface quality of table 5 alloy product, unrelieved stress and linearity
Embodiment 4:
Further industrial test is by known in the industry alloy melting, degasification, except being mingled with and the method for semicontinuous casting prepares the round ingot casting of a collection of Ф 450mm, and its one-tenth is grouped into as shown in table 6.The homogenizing annealing system of ingot casting be chosen as (440 ± 5 ℃/12h)+(472 ± 3 ℃/24h), slow cooling in air subsequently.After peeling, sawing, obtain the extrusion billet of Ф 420 * 600mm.
The alloying constituent of table 6 industrial experiment
At 420 ± 10 ℃ of following preheating 4h, the different extrusion modes according to design carry out extrusion molding on 1600 tons of extrusion machines subsequently, obtain the bar goods of Ф 30mm specification respectively with extrusion billet.In order accurately to control deformable member surface quality and tolerance of dimension better, in conjunction with extruding tool and mould optimization design, and the accuracy controlling extrusion speed.After the scale sawing, adopt the mode that slowly heats up continuously to carry out solution heat treatment, temperature rise rate is 2 ℃/min, temperature program brings into operation after furnace temperature rises to 420 ℃ fast, bar is respectively 70min at the effective heating time that temperature reaches after 460 ℃, carries out 3% pre-tension deformation after the shrend immediately, and the mode that adopts the roller that commutates repeatedly to rectify, make goods obtain higher linearity in the alloy product in the unrelieved stress eliminating as far as possible, to satisfy service requirements; Adopt three grades of suitable aging techniques that alloy product is carried out ageing treatment subsequently.According to relevant testing standard, room temperature tensile performance, specific conductivity, thermal conductivity, anti-stress corrosion performance and 200 ℃ of drawing by high temperature yield strengths of alloy are tested, the result is as shown in table 7.
The The performance test results of table 7 preparation of industrialization bar
Simultaneously, adopt identical method by known in the industry alloy casting, homogenizing is handled, crimp processing, solution hardening, predeformation and timeliness Processing of Preparation typical 2024 aluminium alloys (Al-4.4Cu-1.5Mg-0.6Mn(wt%) in the high strength alumin ium alloy, do not belong to alloy of the present invention) T861 state and 7055 aluminium alloys (Al-8.0Zn-2.1Mg-2.3Cu-0.14Zr(wt%), do not belong to alloy of the present invention) the Ф 30mm scale rod bar goods of T77511 state, according to relevant testing standard, to the room temperature tensile performance of alloy product, specific conductivity, thermal conductivity, anti-stress corrosion performance and 200 ℃ of drawing by high temperature yield strengths are tested.Fig. 1 has provided the contrast of alloy 14# of the present invention, 15#, 2024-T861 aluminium alloy and 7055-T77511 aluminium alloy key property.As can be seen, the tensile strength of alloy product of the present invention, yield strength, elongation, specific conductivity, thermal conductivity, anti-stress corrosion performance and 200 ℃ of drawing by high temperature yield strength performances all obviously are better than the 2024-T861 aluminium alloy; Compare with the 7055-T77511 aluminium alloy, except tensile strength and yield strength substantially quite, other performance of alloy product of the present invention then obviously is better than the 7055-T77511 aluminium alloy, and alloy product of the present invention has demonstrated the coupling of excellent mechanical property-conductivity-heat conductivility-corrosive nature.
Claims (26)
1. one kind is suitable for the structure-function integration Al-alloy products, and it has following performance: (a) have high-intensity have simultaneously high specific conductivity and good heat-conducting; Its yield strength 〉=570MPa, and satisfy relation between yield strength σ (units MPa) and the conductivity gamma (%IACS of unit): σ+10 γ 〉=950, thermal conductivity is more than or equal to 140W/ (m.K); (b) have low unrelieved stress: residual-stress value≤50MPa, described Al-alloy products contains following compositions by weight percentage:
Zn:5.5～10.0, Mg:1.5～2.8, Cu:1.5～2.5, Cr:0.01～0.50, Mn:0.05～0.50, Zr:0.01～0.20, and the rest is Al, subsidiary element and impurity, wherein:
(a)10.0≤Zn+Mg+Cu≤14.0；
(b)4.4≤(Zn/Mg)+Cu≤6.5；
(c) 0.10≤Cr+Mn+Zr≤0.60; With
(d)Cr≤Mn≤Cr+0.20。
2. the structure-function integration Al-alloy products that is suitable for according to claim 1, it contains following compositions by weight percentage:
Zn:6.2～9.0, Mg:1.8～2.4, Cu:1.6～2.3, Cr:0.03～0.20, Mn:0.10～0.30, Zr:0.03～0.15, and the rest is Al, subsidiary element and impurity, wherein:
(a)10.2≤Zn+Mg+Cu≤12.8；
(b)4.6≤(Zn/Mg)+Cu≤6.1；
(c) 0.34≤Cr+Mn+Zr≤0.48; With
(d)Cr≤Mn≤Cr+0.17。
3. the structure-function integration Al-alloy products that is suitable for according to claim 1 and 2, wherein said subsidiary element comprises the subsidiary element of at least a microalloying that is selected among Ti, Ni, Ag, Sc, Er and the Hf, needs to satisfy: the content of described micro alloying element meets 0.34wt%≤[among Cr+Mn+Zr+(Ti, Ni, Ag, Sc, Er and the Hf at least a)]≤0.48wt%.
4. the structure-function integration Al-alloy products that is suitable for according to claim 1 and 2, wherein said impurity contains: Fe≤0.50wt%, Si≤0.50wt%.
5. the structure-function integration Al-alloy products that is suitable for according to claim 4, wherein said impurity contains: Fe≤0.40wt%, Si≤0.20wt%.
6. the structure-function integration Al-alloy products that is suitable for according to claim 1 and 2, wherein, the element that except Ti, Ni, Ag, Sc, Er and Hf other is subsidiary and the every kind≤0.10wt% of other impurity element except Fe and Si, and the summation≤0.20wt% of wherein said other subsidiary element and other impurity element.
7. the structure-function integration Al-alloy products that is suitable for according to claim 6, wherein, the element that except Ti, Ni, Ag, Sc, Er and Hf other is subsidiary and the every kind≤0.05wt% of other impurity element except Fe and Si, and the summation≤0.12wt% of wherein said other subsidiary element and other impurity element.
8. the structure-function integration Al-alloy products that is suitable for according to claim 1 and 2, the Cu content in the wherein said Al-alloy products is less than or equal to Mg content.
9. the structure-function integration Al-alloy products that is suitable for according to claim 1 and 2, the cross section minimum thickness of wherein said Al-alloy products is 0.1～200mm, and described Al-alloy products is extruded product, drawing goods, rolled product, forged article or cast product.
10. produce the method for this Al-alloy products, it may further comprise the steps:
(1) according to composition and content in each described Al-alloy products in the claim 1～9, makes semicontinuous casting ingot casting or die casting;
(2) gained ingot casting or foundry goods are carried out homogenizing thermal treatment;
(3) become workpiece to carrying out the one or many deformation processing through the heat treated ingot casting of homogenizing, thereby obtain the alloy product of required specification;
(4) carry out solution heat treatment to the deformation processing part or through the heat treated foundry goods of homogenizing;
(5) will be through the alloy product of solution heat treatment rapid cool to room temperature; With
(6) alloy product to cool to room temperature carries out timeliness thermal treatment to obtain the coupling of key property, to obtain required structure-function integration Al-alloy products.
11. method according to claim 10 wherein in step (1), adopts melting, degasification, except being mingled with and the mode of semicontinuous casting is carried out the manufacturing of ingot casting; In fusion process, by online composition detection analysis, replenish the proportioning of adjusting between the alloying element fast, and finish whole ingot casting manufacturing processedes.
12. method according to claim 10, wherein in step (1), the mode that also is included in semicontinuous casting carries out applying electromagnetic field, ultrasonic field or mechanical stirring near ingot casting used crystallizer position or its.
13. method according to claim 10, wherein in step (2), described homogenizing thermal treatment is undertaken by in the mode that is selected from down group one or more groups:
(1) in 460～480 ℃ of scopes, carries out the single-stage homogenizing thermal treatment of 12～60h;
(2) in 400～490 ℃ of scopes, carrying out total time is the twin-stage homogenizing thermal treatment of 12～60h;
(3) in 400～490 ℃ of scopes, carrying out total time is the multistage homogenizing thermal treatment of 12～60h; With
(4) in 360～490 ℃ of scopes, carrying out total time is the slowly intensification homogenizing thermal treatment continuously of 24～72h.
14. method according to claim 10, wherein in step (3), described one or many deformation processing adopt be selected from extruding, drawing, forging, a kind of in rolling or and the mode of combination carry out, preheating temperature before the processing of thermal distortion each time is 380～450 ℃, and be 1～6h warm up time.
15. method according to claim 10, wherein in step (3), described one or many thermal distortion processing adopts the mode of extruding to carry out, wherein, take the mode of extrusion speed, and in conjunction with extruding tool and mould optimization design, with recrystallized structure ratio in the accurate control alloy product, and deformable member surface quality and tolerance of dimension.
16. method according to claim 10, wherein in step (4), described solution heat treatment needs further regulate and control recrystallized structure ratio in the goods according to performance requriements, and is undertaken by being selected from down in the mode of organizing one or more groups:
(1) in 450～478 ℃ of scopes, goods is carried out the single-stage solution heat treatment of 1～12h;
(2) in 440～485 ℃ of scopes, goods are carried out the twin-stage solution heat treatment that total time is 1～12h;
(3) in 440～485 ℃ of scopes, goods are carried out the multistage solution heat treatment that total time is 1～12h; With
(4) in 420～485 ℃ of scopes, carrying out total time is the slowly intensification solution heat treatment continuously of 1～12h.
17. method according to claim 16 wherein, is raised to from room temperature to adopt slowly in the temperature range of solution heat treatment and heats up continuously, temperature rise rate≤2 ℃/min, the effective heating times after temperature reaches 460 ℃
Wherein D is Al-alloy products cross section equivalence circular diameter.
18. method according to claim 10, wherein in step (5), use and be selected from that the heat-eliminating medium immersion quenches, spray-type quenches, a kind of in the high wind cooling or and the mode of combination alloy product is cooled to room temperature rapidly.
19. method according to claim 10, wherein in step (6), alloy product is carried out three grades of timeliness thermal treatments: first step aging temperature is 105～125 ℃, insulation 1～24h; Be warming up to 165～200 ℃ of second stage timeliness thermal treatment temps afterwards in 0.2 ~ 2h continuously, insulation 0.2～8h adopts the mode of water-cooled or air cooling to cool off fast, is cooled to room temperature or room temperature to 0 ℃; Third stage aging temperature is 100～140 ℃, insulation 1～36h.
20. method according to claim 19, wherein said three grades of timeliness thermal treatments are: first step aging temperature is 110～120 ℃, insulation 4～16h; In 0.5 ~ 1h, be warming up to 170～185 ℃ of second stage timeliness thermal treatment temps afterwards continuously, insulation 0.5～3h; Third stage aging temperature is 115～125 ℃, insulation 8～28h.
21. method according to claim 10, wherein between step (5) and (6), also can may further comprise the steps: the alloy product to cool to room temperature is out of shape the predeformation processing of total amount in 1～5% scope, and the cooperation straightening processing, the linearity equidimension precision of control goods in the time of with the residualinternal stress in effective elimination goods.
22. method according to claim 21, wherein said predeformation is treated to preliminary draft or precompression.
23. the mode that method according to claim 21, wherein said straightening processing adopt the roller that commutates repeatedly to rectify is carried out.
24. the Al-alloy products with each described method manufacturing in the claim 8～23, yield strength 〉=the 570MPa of wherein said Al-alloy products, and satisfy relation between yield strength σ (units MPa) and the conductivity gamma (%IACS of unit): σ+10 γ 〉=950, thermal conductivity is more than or equal to 140W/ (m.K).
25. Al-alloy products according to claim 24, yield strength 〉=the 590MPa of wherein said Al-alloy products, and satisfy relation between yield strength σ (units MPa) and the conductivity gamma (%IACS of unit): σ+10 γ 〉=985, thermal conductivity is more than or equal to 155W/ (m.K).
26. according to claim 24 or 25 described Al-alloy products, wherein said Al-alloy products is processed into final component by the mode that is selected from mechanical workout, chemical milling processing, electrospark machining, laser processing and combination thereof.
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