CN103233148B - One is applicable to structure-function integration Al-alloy products and preparation method - Google Patents
One is applicable to structure-function integration Al-alloy products and preparation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
One is applicable to structure-function integration Al-alloy products and preparation method, described Al-alloy products contains following compositions by weight percentage: Zn:5.5 ~ 10.0, Mg:1.5 ~ 2.8, Cu:1.5 ~ 2.5, Cr:0.01 ~ 0.50, Mn:0.05 ~ 0.50, Zr:0.01 ~ 0.20, and the rest is Al, subsidiary element and impurity, the composition in described Al-alloy products meets: (a) 10.0≤Zn+Mg+Cu≤14.0; (b) 4.4≤(Zn/Mg)+Cu≤6.5; (c) 0.10≤Cr+Mn+Zr≤0.60; (d) Cr≤Mn≤Cr+0.20.There is while this Al-alloy products has high strength high specific conductivity and good heat conductivility; There is low unrelieved stress and good surface quality and dimensional precision simultaneously.The invention still further relates to the preparation method of this Al-alloy products.
Description
Technical field
Technical field involved in the present invention is aluminum alloy materials, 7xxx system (Al-Zn-Mg-Cu system) aluminum alloy materials particularly named by IAI; More specifically, the present invention relates to structure-function integration aluminium alloy material material products.Although the most typical application of the present invention is extruded product, it also can be applied to rolled product, drawing goods, forged article and cast product.
Background technology
Aluminium alloy, owing to having little, the easy processing of proportion, low cost and other advantages, becomes the widest, the most typical lightweight structural material of application surface in current various structural metallic materials.Along with the fast development of scientific and technological level, Technology for Modern Equipment more and more presents integrated, light-weighted development trend, the demand of the aluminum alloy materials of structure-function integration is constantly increased, it is also proposed more and more higher requirement to the comprehensive use properties of aluminum alloy materials (comprising mechanical property, physicals, corrosion resistance etc.) and process industrial art performance (comprising machinability, welding property etc.).In the various aluminium alloys realizing commercial applications, Al-Zn-Mg-Cu system (being called for short 7xxx system) aluminium alloy has the highest strength level, it has high specific tenacity and rigidity, easily processing, the preferably advantage such as corrosion resistance nature and higher fracture toughness property, obtain in the field such as aerospace, communications and transportation and applied widely, and become one of most important structured material in this field.
But material effect as structural part paid close attention to more by the existing 7xxx line aluminium alloy material used, have ignored it can simultaneously as the one side of functional part, fails well to play comprehensive superiority of aluminum alloy materials.Domestic and international existing development work is also mainly carried out using 7xxx line aluminium alloy as single structural material applications for the purpose of the fields such as aerospace, the static strength of main consideration material, rigidity, fracture toughness property, fatigue property and corrosive nature, the seldom simultaneously special physicals such as conductivity, heat conductivility considering material.7xxx line aluminium alloy is used for the manufacture of electronic apparatus component, during especially for high power device, its Working environment also exists singularity, superstrength is not only needed to play load-bearing structural member, to realize light-weighted effect, also need as functional part transmission current and pass to heat etc., this just requires that material require has high static strength, high specific conductivity and thermal conductivity and anti-stress corrosion performance etc.Current material is difficult to meet these particular requirements simultaneously.For this reason, carry out relevant development work further, by the optimization design of the techniques such as alloying constituent, preparation processing and thermal treatment, Effective Regulation is carried out to materials microstructure and performance, make 7xxx line aluminium alloy material product structure set and function and all over the body, obtain the over-all properties of the best coupling and excellent surface quality and dimensional precision, Technology for Modern Equipment Highgrade integration, light-weighted growth requirement will be met well, be conducive to enriching 7xxx line aluminium alloy design of material, preparation experience and technological accumulation further.
Summary of the invention
The primary technical problem that the present invention will solve is that proposing one is applicable to structure-function integration Al-alloy products, 7xxx Al-alloy products structure set and function can be made, there is while there is high strength high specific conductivity and good heat conductivility; Meanwhile, there is low unrelieved stress and good surface quality and dimensional precision.
Second technical problem that the present invention will solve is to propose the preparation method of this Al-alloy products.
The 3rd technical problem that the present invention will solve is to propose the final component that this Al-alloy products is processed by mechanical workout, chemical milling processing, electrospark machining or laser processing mode.
To achieve these goals, the present invention takes following technical scheme:
The present invention relates to one and be suitable for structure-function integration Al-alloy products, it has following performance: have high specific conductivity and good heat conductivility while (a) has high strength; Its yield strength >=570MPa, and meet relation between yield strength σ (units MPa) and conductivity gamma (unit %IACS): σ+10 γ >=950, thermal conductivity is more than or equal to 140W/ (m.K); B () has low unrelieved stress: residual-stress value≤50MPa, and described Al-alloy products contains following compositions by weight percentage:
Zn:5.5 ~ 10.0, Mg:1.5 ~ 2.8, Cu:1.5 ~ 2.5, Cr:0.01 ~ 0.50, Mn:0.05 ~ 0.50, Zr:0.01 ~ 0.20, and the rest is Al, subsidiary element and impurity, wherein:
(a)10.0≤Zn+Mg+Cu≤14.0；
(b)4.4≤(Zn/Mg)+Cu≤6.5；
(c) 0.10≤Cr+Mn+Zr≤0.60; With
(d)Cr≤Mn≤Cr+0.20。
Its yield strength >=570MPa, and meet relation between yield strength σ (units MPa) and conductivity gamma (unit %IACS): σ+10 γ >=950, thermal conductivity is more than or equal to 140W/ (m.K); Generally, 570MPa≤yield strength≤1100MPa, and meet relation between yield strength σ (units MPa) and conductivity gamma (unit %IACS): 950≤σ+10 γ≤1600,140W/ (m.K)≤thermal conductivity≤205W/ (m.K).
Preferred version of the present invention is: described is suitable for structure-function integration Al-alloy products, and it contains following compositions by weight percentage:
Zn:6.2 ~ 9.0, Mg:1.8 ~ 2.4, Cu:1.6 ~ 2.3, Cr:0.03 ~ 0.20, Mn:0.10 ~ 0.30, Zr:0.03 ~ 0.15, and the rest is Al, subsidiary element and impurity, wherein:
(a)10.2≤Zn+Mg+Cu≤12.8；
(b)4.6≤(Zn/Mg)+Cu≤6.1；
(c) 0.34≤Cr+Mn+Zr≤0.48; With
(d)Cr≤Mn≤Cr+0.17。
Described subsidiary element comprises and is selected from the subsidiary element of at least one microalloying in Ti, Ni, Ag, Sc, Er and Hf, need meet: the content of described micro alloying element meets 0.34wt%≤[at least one in Cr+Mn+Zr+(Ti, Ni, Ag, Sc, Er and Hf)]≤0.48wt%.
Described impurity contains: Fe≤0.50wt%, Si≤0.50wt%.
Described impurity preferably contains: Fe≤0.40wt%, Si≤0.20wt%.
Be applicable in structure-function integration Al-alloy products of the present invention, wherein, other subsidiary element except Ti, Ni, Ag, Sc, Er and Hf and other impurity element except Fe and Si often plant≤0.10wt%, and the summation≤0.20wt% of other subsidiary element wherein said and other impurity element.
Be applicable in structure-function integration Al-alloy products of the present invention, wherein, other subsidiary element except Ti, Ni, Ag, Sc, Er and Hf and other impurity element except Fe and Si often plant≤0.05wt%, and the summation≤0.12wt% of other subsidiary element wherein said and other impurity element.
Be applicable in structure-function integration Al-alloy products of the present invention, the Cu content in wherein said Al-alloy products is less than or equal to Mg content.
Be applicable in structure-function integration Al-alloy products of the present invention, the cross section minimum thickness of wherein said Al-alloy products is 0.1 ~ 200mm, and described Al-alloy products is extruded product, drawing goods, rolled product, forged article or cast product.
Produce a method for this Al-alloy products, it comprises the following steps:
(1) according to the composition in Al-alloy products of the present invention and content, semicontinuous casting ingot casting or die casting is manufactured;
(2) homogenizing thermal treatment is carried out to gained ingot casting or foundry goods;
(3) become workpiece to carrying out one or many deformation processing through the heat treated ingot casting of homogenizing, thus obtain the alloy product of required specification;
(4) solution heat treatment is carried out to deformation processing part or through the heat treated foundry goods of homogenizing;
(5) by the rapid cool to room temperature of alloy product through solution heat treatment; With
(6) aging strengthening model is carried out to obtain the coupling of key property to the alloy product of cool to room temperature, to obtain required structure-function integration Al-alloy products.
In the method for this Al-alloy products of production of the present invention, wherein in step (1), adopt melting, degasification, except to be mingled with and the mode of semicontinuous casting carries out the manufacture of ingot casting; In fusion process, analyzed by online composition detection, supplement the proportioning between adjustment alloying element fast, and complete whole ingot casting manufacturing processedes.
In the method for this Al-alloy products of production of the present invention, wherein in step (1), the mode being also included in semicontinuous casting carries out ingot casting crystallizer position used or applying electromagnetic field, ultrasonic field or mechanical stirring near it.
In the method for this Al-alloy products of production of the present invention, wherein in step (2), described homogenizing thermal treatment is undertaken by one or more groups being selected from the mode of lower group:
(1) within the scope of 460 ~ 480 DEG C, the single-stage homogenizing thermal treatment of 12 ~ 60h is carried out;
(2) within the scope of 400 ~ 490 DEG C, the two-step homogenization thermal treatment that total time is 12 ~ 60h is carried out;
(3) within the scope of 400 ~ 490 DEG C, the multistage uniform heat-transmission process that total time is 12 ~ 60h is carried out; With
(4) within the scope of 360 ~ 490 DEG C, the slow continuous warming homogenizing thermal treatment that total time is 24 ~ 72h is carried out.
In the method for this Al-alloy products of production of the present invention, wherein in step (3), described one or many deformation processing adopt be selected from a kind of in extruding, drawing, forging, rolling or and the mode that combines carry out, preheating temperature before the processing of thermal distortion is each time 380 ~ 450 DEG C, and warm up time is 1 ~ 6h.
In the method for this Al-alloy products of production of the present invention, wherein in step (3), described one or many thermal distortion processing adopts the mode of extruding to carry out, wherein, take the mode of extrusion speed, and combine extruding tool and mould optimization design, accurately to control recrystallized structure ratio and deformable member surface quality and tolerance of dimension in alloy product.
In the method for this Al-alloy products of production of the present invention, wherein in step (4), described solution heat treatment need regulate and control recrystallized structure ratio in goods further according to performance requriements, and is undertaken by one or more groups in the mode that is selected from lower group:
(1) goods are carried out to the single-stage solution heat treatment of 1 ~ 12h within the scope of 450 ~ 478 DEG C;
(2) within the scope of 440 ~ 485 DEG C, the double_stage guide thermal treatment that total time is 1 ~ 12h is carried out to goods;
(3) within the scope of 440 ~ 485 DEG C, the multistage solution heat treatment that total time is 1 ~ 12h is carried out to goods; With
(4) within the scope of 420 ~ 485 DEG C, the slow continuous warming solution heat treatment that total time is 1 ~ 12h is carried out.
In the method for this Al-alloy products of production of the present invention, wherein, adopt slow continuous warming in the temperature range being raised to solution heat treatment from room temperature, temperature rise rate≤2 DEG C/min, temperature reaches the effective heating time after 460 DEG C
wherein D is Al-alloy products cross section equivalence circular diameter.
In the method for this Al-alloy products of production of the present invention, wherein in step (5), use be selected from the quenching of heat-eliminating medium immersion, spray-type quenching, a kind of in strong wind cooling or and the mode of combination alloy product is cooled to room temperature rapidly.
In the method for this Al-alloy products of production of the present invention, wherein in step (6), alloy goods carry out three-step aging thermal treatment: first step aging temperature is 105 ~ 125 DEG C, insulation 1 ~ 24h; In 0.2 ~ 2h, continuous warming is to second stage aging strengthening model temperature 165 ~ 200 DEG C afterwards, and insulation 0.2 ~ 8h, adopts the mode of water-cooled or air cooling to cool fast, be cooled to room temperature or room temperature to 0 DEG C; Third stage aging temperature is 100 ~ 140 DEG C, insulation 1 ~ 36h.
In the method for this Al-alloy products of production of the present invention, wherein said three-step aging thermal treatment is: first step aging temperature is 110 ~ 120 DEG C, insulation 4 ~ 16h; In 0.5 ~ 1h, continuous warming, to second stage aging strengthening model temperature 170 ~ 185 DEG C, is incubated 0.5 ~ 3h afterwards; Third stage aging temperature is 115 ~ 125 DEG C, insulation 8 ~ 28h.
In the method for this Al-alloy products of production of the present invention, wherein between step (5) and (6), also can comprise the following steps: the pre-treatment of distortion total amount in 1 ~ 5% scope is carried out to the alloy product of cool to room temperature, and coordinate straightening processing, to control the linearity equidimension precision of goods while effectively eliminating the residualinternal stress in goods.
In the method for this Al-alloy products of production of the present invention, wherein said pre-treatment is preliminary draft or precompression.
In the method for this Al-alloy products of production of the present invention, the mode that wherein said straightening processing adopts the roller that commutates repeatedly to rectify is carried out.
With the Al-alloy products that the method for this Al-alloy products of production of the present invention manufactures, yield strength >=the 570MPa of wherein said Al-alloy products, and meeting relation between yield strength σ (units MPa) and conductivity gamma (unit %IACS): σ+10 γ >=950, thermal conductivity is more than or equal to 140W/ (m.K).
Yield strength >=the 570MPa of described Al-alloy products, and meet relation between yield strength σ (units MPa) and conductivity gamma (unit %IACS): σ+10 γ >=950, thermal conductivity is more than or equal to 140W/ (m.K); Generally, 570MPa≤yield strength≤1100MPa, and meet relation between yield strength σ (units MPa) and conductivity gamma (unit %IACS): 950≤σ+10 γ≤1600,140W/ (m.K)≤thermal conductivity≤205W/ (m.K).
In the Al-alloy products manufactured by the method for this Al-alloy products of production of the present invention, yield strength >=the 590MPa of wherein said Al-alloy products, and meeting relation between yield strength σ (units MPa) and conductivity gamma (unit %IACS): σ+10 γ >=985, thermal conductivity is more than or equal to 155W/ (m.K).Generally, 590MPa≤yield strength≤1100MPa, and meet relation between yield strength σ (units MPa) and conductivity gamma (unit %IACS): 985≤σ+10 γ≤1600,155W/ (m.K)≤thermal conductivity≤205W/ (m.K).
In the Al-alloy products manufactured by the method for this Al-alloy products of production of the present invention, wherein said Al-alloy products by be selected from mechanical workout, chemical milling processing, electrospark machining, laser processing and combination thereof mode be processed into final component.
A kind of beneficial effect being applicable to structure-function integration Al-alloy products and preparation method that the present invention relates to is:
(1) by implementing the present invention, effectively can make 7xxx line aluminium alloy material structure set and function and all over the body, well give play to comprehensive superiority of aluminum alloy materials, there is while allowing Al-alloy products have high strength high specific conductivity and good heat conductivility; There is low unrelieved stress and good surface quality and dimensional precision simultaneously.While the active demand effectively meeting Technology for Modern Equipment Highgrade integration, lightweight development, will greatly expand the Application Areas of aluminum alloy materials further.
(2) design of material that the present invention relates to and preparation method regulate and control thought, are equally applicable to other line aluminium alloy materials, are conducive to enriching 7xxx line aluminium alloy design of material, preparation experience and technological accumulation further.To the design of other metallic material products, also there is reference and guiding value.The most typical application of the present invention is extruded product, but it also can be applied to rolled product, drawing goods, forged article and cast product.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The comparison diagram of Fig. 1 alloy of the present invention, 2024 and 7055 Mechanical Properties of Aluminum Alloys, specific conductivity, thermal conductivity, corrosive nature.
Embodiment
The present invention relates to one and be suitable for structure-function integration Al-alloy products, it has following ability: have high specific conductivity and good heat conductivility while (a) has high strength; B () has low unrelieved stress and good surface quality and dimensional precision, described Al-alloy products contains following compositions by weight percentage: Zn:5.5 ~ 10.0, Mg:1.5 ~ 2.8, Cu:1.5 ~ 2.5, Cr:0.01 ~ 0.50, Mn:0.05 ~ 0.50, Zr:0.01 ~ 0.20, and the rest is Al, subsidiary element and impurity, wherein: (a) 10.0≤Zn+Mg+Cu≤14.0; (b) 4.4≤(Zn/Mg)+Cu≤6.5; (c) 0.10≤Cr+Mn+Zr≤0.60; (d) Cr≤Mn≤Cr+0.20.
Preferred version of the present invention is: described is suitable for structure-function integration Al-alloy products, it contains following compositions by weight percentage: Zn:6.2 ~ 9.0, Mg:1.8 ~ 2.4, Cu:1.6 ~ 2.3, Cr:0.03 ~ 0.20, Mn:0.10 ~ 0.30, Zr:0.03 ~ 0.15, and the rest is Al, subsidiary element and impurity, wherein: (a) 10.2≤Zn+Mg+Cu≤12.8; (b) 4.6≤(Zn/Mg)+Cu≤6.1; (c) 0.34≤Cr+Mn+Zr≤0.48; (d) Cr≤Mn≤Cr+0.17.
The subsidiary element of above-mentioned Al-alloy products also may comprise and is selected from the subsidiary element of at least one microalloying in Ti, Ni, Ag, Sc, Er and Hf, need meet: the content of described micro alloying element meets 0.34wt%≤[at least one in Cr+Mn+Zr+(Ti, Ni, Ag, Sc, Er and Hf)]≤0.48wt%.
The impurity of above-mentioned Al-alloy products may contain Fe, Si, need meet: Fe≤0.50wt%, Si≤0.50wt%.
Other subsidiary element except Ti, Ni, Ag, Sc, Er and Hf and other impurity element except Fe and Si often plant≤0.10wt%, and the summation≤0.20wt% of other subsidiary element wherein said and other impurity element.
Preferably meet: Fe≤0.40wt%, Si≤0.20wt%, Ti≤0.06wt%, other subsidiary element except Ti, Ni, Ag, Sc, Er and Hf and other impurity element except Fe and Si often plant≤0.05wt%, and the summation≤0.12wt% of other subsidiary element wherein said and other impurity element.
Above-mentioned Al-alloy products, the Cu content in wherein said Al-alloy products is less than or equal to Mg content.The cross section minimum thickness of wherein said Al-alloy products is 0.1 ~ 200mm, and described Al-alloy products is extruded product, drawing goods, rolled product, forged article or cast product.
The invention still further relates to the preparation method producing this Al-alloy products, Al-alloy products described in it comprises aluminium alloy distortion fabricated product and aluminium alloy cast product.The process of described aluminium alloy distortion fabricated product can be described as " alloy preparation and melting-semicontinuous casting prepare ingot casting-ingot casting homogenizing thermal treatment-deformation processing (extruding, rolling, forging, drawing) obtain deformed items-solution treatment and the process-ageing treatment-finished commodities that eliminates stress ".The manufacturing processed of described aluminium alloy cast product can be described as " preparation and the melting-die casting of alloy shaping-solution treatment-ageing treatment-finished commodities ".It comprises the following steps:
(1) semicontinuous casting ingot casting as described in the present invention or die casting is manufactured;
(2) homogenizing thermal treatment is carried out to gained ingot casting or foundry goods;
(3) carry out one or many deformation processing to through the heat treated ingot casting of homogenizing, thus obtain the alloy product of required specification;
(4) solution heat treatment is carried out to deformation processing part or through the heat treated foundry goods of homogenizing;
(5) by the rapid cool to room temperature of alloy product through solution heat treatment; With
(6) alloy goods carry out aging strengthening model to obtain the coupling of key property, to obtain required structure-function integration Al-alloy products.
Wherein in step (1), adopt melting, degasification, except to be mingled with and the mode of semicontinuous casting carries out the manufacture of ingot casting; In fusion process, analyzed by online composition detection, supplement the proportioning between adjustment alloying element fast, and complete whole ingot casting manufacturing processedes.In preferred at one, in step (1), be also included in crystallizer position or applying electromagnetic field, ultrasonic field or mechanical stirring near it.
In step (2), described homogenizing thermal treatment is undertaken by the mode being selected from lower group: (1), within the scope of 460 ~ 480 DEG C, carries out the single-stage homogenizing thermal treatment of 12 ~ 60h; (2) within the scope of 400 ~ 490 DEG C, the two-step homogenization thermal treatment that total time is 12 ~ 60h is carried out; (3) within the scope of 400 ~ 490 DEG C, the multistage uniform heat-transmission process that total time is 12 ~ 60h is carried out; (4) within the scope of 360 ~ 490 DEG C, the slow continuous warming homogenizing thermal treatment that total time is 24 ~ 72h is carried out.
In step (3), described one or many deformation processing adopt be selected from extruding, drawing, forging, rolling and combination thereof mode carry out, thermal distortion each time process before preheating temperature be 380 ~ 450 DEG C, and warm up time is 1 ~ 6h.In preferred at one, adopt the mode being selected from extruding to carry out, take the mode of extrusion speed, and combine extruding tool and mould optimization design, accurately to control recrystallized structure ratio and deformable member surface quality and tolerance of dimension in alloy product.
In step (4), described solution heat treatment need regulate and control recrystallized structure ratio in goods further according to performance requriements, and is undertaken by the mode being selected from lower group: (1) carries out the single-stage solution heat treatment of 1 ~ 12h within the scope of 450 ~ 478 DEG C to goods; (2) within the scope of 440 ~ 485 DEG C, the double_stage guide thermal treatment that total time is 1 ~ 12h is carried out to goods; (3) within the scope of 440 ~ 485 DEG C, the multistage solution heat treatment that total time is 1 ~ 12h is carried out to goods; (4) within the scope of 420 ~ 485 DEG C, the slow continuous warming solution heat treatment that total time is 1 ~ 12h is carried out.In preferred at one, adopt slow continuous warming solution heat treatment, temperature rise rate≤2 DEG C/min, temperature reaches the effective heating time after 460 DEG C
wherein D is Al-alloy products cross section equivalence circular diameter.
In step (5), use be selected from the quenching of heat-eliminating medium immersion, spray-type quenching, strong wind cooling and combination thereof mode alloy product is cooled to room temperature rapidly.
In step (6), alloy goods carry out three-step aging thermal treatment: first step aging temperature is 105 ~ 125 DEG C, insulation 1 ~ 24h; In 0.2 ~ 2h, continuous warming is to second stage aging strengthening model temperature 165 ~ 200 DEG C afterwards, and insulation 0.2 ~ 8h, adopts the mode of water-cooled or air cooling to cool fast; Third stage aging temperature is 100 ~ 140 DEG C, insulation 1 ~ 36h.In preferred at one, adopt following three-step aging thermal treatment: first step aging temperature is 110 ~ 120 DEG C, insulation 4 ~ 16h; In 0.5 ~ 1h, continuous warming is to second stage aging strengthening model temperature 170 ~ 185 DEG C afterwards, and insulation 0.5 ~ 3h, adopts the mode of water-cooled or air cooling to cool fast; Third stage aging temperature is 115 ~ 125 DEG C, insulation 8 ~ 28h.
Between step (5) and (6), also can comprise the following steps: the pre-treatment of distortion total amount in 1 ~ 5% scope is carried out to the alloy product through cooling, and coordinate straightening processing, to control the linearity equidimension precision of goods while effectively eliminating the residualinternal stress in goods.Wherein, described pre-treatment is preliminary draft or precompression, and the mode that described straightening processing adopts the roller that commutates repeatedly to rectify is carried out.
Wherein, Al-alloy products as described in the present invention, meet relation between its yield strength σ (units MPa) and conductivity gamma (unit %IACS): σ+10 γ >=950, thermal conductivity is more than or equal to 140W/ (m.K).Meet relation between the yield strength σ (units MPa) of preferred described Al-alloy products and conductivity gamma (unit %IACS): σ+10 γ >=985, thermal conductivity is more than or equal to 155W/ (m.K).
As described herein Al-alloy products by be selected from mechanical workout, chemical milling processing, electrospark machining, laser processing and combination thereof mode be processed into final component.
embodiment 1
Prepare alloy on a laboratory scale, to prove principle of the present invention.The one-tenth of alloy is grouped into as shown in table 1.By alloy melting known in the industry, degasification, except to be mingled with and the method for semicontinuous casting prepares the round ingot casting of Ф 210mm, the homogenizing annealing Institutional selection of ingot casting is (440 ± 5 DEG C/12h)+(472 ± 3 DEG C/24h), subsequently slow cooling in atmosphere.The extrusion billet of Ф 190 × 400mm is obtained after peeling, sawing.By extrusion billet preheating 4h at 420 ± 10 DEG C, carry out extrusion molding subsequently on 800 tons of extrusion machines, finally obtain the extruded bars goods of Ф 20mm specification, extrusion ratio is 16.7.In order to accurately controlling distortion part surface quality and tolerance of dimension better, combine and extrude tool and mould optimization design, and accuracy controlling extrusion speed.After these alloy extrusion rod length fixing sawings, the mode of slow continuous warming is adopted to carry out solution heat treatment, temperature rise rate is 2 DEG C/min, furnace temperature brings into operation after rising to 420 DEG C fast temperature program, the temperature effective heating time reached after 460 DEG C is 60min, carry out straightening processing immediately after shrend, adopt suitable three-step aging technique alloy goods to carry out ageing treatment respectively according to the difference of alloying constituent subsequently.According to relevant testing standard, the room temperature tensile properties of alloy, specific conductivity, thermal conductivity, anti-stress corrosion performance and 200 DEG C of drawing by high temperature yield strengths are tested, and result is as shown in table 2.
The alloying constituent of table 1 laboratory scale ingot casting
Show the performance test results of 2-in-1 golden extruded bars
[note]: detecting SCC drag is load in 3.5wt%NaCl solution, and load is set as 75%TYS.High-temperature behavior is incubated to test at 200 DEG C.
As can be seen from Table 2,1#, 2#, 3#, 4#, 5#, 6#, 7#, 8# alloy product all has while what is called has high strength and has high specific conductivity and excellent heat conductivility, yield strength remains on more than 595MPa, and meeting relation between its yield strength σ (units MPa) and conductivity gamma (unit %IACS): σ+10 γ >=985, thermal conductivity is more than or equal to 155W/ (m.K).Meanwhile, alloy product there is good plasticity, hot strength and anti-stress corrosion performance, elongation remains on more than 9.0%, and the drawing by high temperature yield strength recorded at 200 DEG C remains on more than 400MPa, resistance to stress test >=80 days.The performance of 9#, 10#, 11#, 12#, 13# alloy product fails to meet the matched well of above-mentioned " structure " and " function ".Wherein, 9# alloy has relatively low main alloying element Zn, Mg, Cu total content, shows excellent heat conductivility, but strength property declines comparatively obvious; 10#, 3# alloy has relatively high alloy element Zn, Mg, Cu total content, shows excellent strength property, but the specific conductivity of alloy, thermal conductivity and corrosive nature decline comparatively obvious; 11# alloy properties test result shows when Cr, Mn and Zr too high levels, though be conducive to improving alloy high-temp performance, can cause the thermal conductivity of material and the decline of specific conductivity; 12# alloy because of element proportioning unreasonable, cause alloy over-all properties undesirable.
embodiment 2:
Adopt industrial test by known in the industry alloy melting, degasification, except to be mingled with and the method for semicontinuous casting prepares the round ingot casting of a collection of Ф 380mm, it becomes to be grouped into as shown in table 3.The homogenizing annealing Institutional selection of ingot casting is (440 ± 5 DEG C/12h)+(472 ± 3 DEG C/24h), subsequently slow cooling in atmosphere.The extrusion billet of Ф 360 × 600mm is obtained after peeling, sawing.
The alloying constituent of table 3 industrial test
By extrusion billet preheating 4h at 420 ± 10 DEG C, on 1600 tons of extrusion machines, carry out extrusion molding according to the different extrusion modes of design subsequently, obtain the T profile goods of the bar goods of Ф 30mm specification, the tubing article of external diameter Ф 36mm × wall thickness 2.5mm, wide 200mm × high 40mm × wall thickness 5mm respectively.In order to accurately controlling distortion part surface quality and tolerance of dimension better, combine and extrude tool and mould optimization design, accuracy controlling extrusion speed.
Separately get a blank, after preheating, on open die forging machine, be in many ways forged into rolled blank, then be rolled distortion, strict rolling temperature control and pass deformation, finally obtain the board product that 4mm is thick.After these alloy extrusion material scale sawings, the mode of slow continuous warming is adopted to carry out solution heat treatment, temperature rise rate is 2 DEG C/min, furnace temperature brings into operation after rising to 420 DEG C fast temperature program, the effective heating time that bar, tubing, section bar and sheet material reach after 460 DEG C in temperature is respectively 70min, 55min, 75min and 50min, carry out pre-tension deformation and straightening processing immediately after shrend, adopt suitable three-step aging technique to carry out ageing treatment to four kinds of alloy products subsequently.According to relevant testing standard, the room temperature tensile properties of alloy, specific conductivity, thermal conductivity, anti-stress corrosion performance and 200 DEG C of drawing by high temperature yield strengths are tested, and result is as shown in table 4.
The performance of the bar of table 4 preparation of industrialization, tubing, section bar and sheet material
embodiment 3:
Utilize the extrusion billet of the Ф 360 × 600mm of preparation in embodiment 2, further verification experimental verification adopts the impact of different preparation method (comprising crimp, pre-tension deformation and straightening processing) alloy products surface quality, linearity and unrelieved stress under industrialized condition.Test according to relevant testing standard, wherein, the test of alloy product unrelieved stress adopts residual stress test instrument, by the borehole strain method for releasing described in CB3395-1992, get the equivalent residual-stress value of mean value as goods of multiple position measurement result, result is as shown in table 5.
The surface quality of table 5 alloy product, unrelieved stress and linearity
embodiment 4:
Further industrial test is by known in the industry alloy melting, degasification, except to be mingled with and the method for semicontinuous casting prepares the round ingot casting of a collection of Ф 450mm, it becomes to be grouped into as shown in table 6.The homogenizing annealing Institutional selection of ingot casting is (440 ± 5 DEG C/12h)+(472 ± 3 DEG C/24h), subsequently slow cooling in atmosphere.The extrusion billet of Ф 420 × 600mm is obtained after peeling, sawing.
The alloying constituent of table 6 industrial experiment
By extrusion billet preheating 4h at 420 ± 10 DEG C, on 1600 tons of extrusion machines, carry out extrusion molding according to the different extrusion modes of design subsequently, obtain the bar goods of Ф 30mm specification respectively.In order to accurately controlling distortion part surface quality and tolerance of dimension better, combine and extrude tool and mould optimization design, and accuracy controlling extrusion speed.After scale sawing, the mode of slow continuous warming is adopted to carry out solution heat treatment, temperature rise rate is 2 DEG C/min, furnace temperature brings into operation after rising to 420 DEG C fast temperature program, the effective heating time that bar reaches after 460 DEG C in temperature is respectively 70min, carries out the pre-tension deformation of 3% after shrend immediately, and adopts the mode that the roller that commutates repeatedly is rectified, eliminating in alloy product the linearity making goods acquisition higher while unrelieved stress as far as possible, to meet service requirements; Suitable three-step aging technique alloy goods are adopted to carry out ageing treatment subsequently.According to relevant testing standard, the room temperature tensile properties of alloy, specific conductivity, thermal conductivity, anti-stress corrosion performance and 200 DEG C of drawing by high temperature yield strengths are tested, and result is as shown in table 7.
The performance test results of table 7 preparation of industrialization bar
Simultaneously, adopt identical method by alloy casting known in the industry, Homogenization Treatments, crimp is processed, solution hardening, predeformation and ageing treatment have prepared typical 2024 aluminium alloys (Al-4.4Cu-1.5Mg-0.6Mn(wt%) in high strength alumin ium alloy, do not belong to alloy of the present invention) T861 state and 7055 aluminium alloys (Al-8.0Zn-2.1Mg-2.3Cu-0.14Zr(wt%), do not belong to alloy of the present invention) the Ф 30mm scale rod bar goods of T77511 state, according to relevant testing standard, the room temperature tensile properties of alloy goods, specific conductivity, thermal conductivity, anti-stress corrosion performance and 200 DEG C of drawing by high temperature yield strengths are tested.Fig. 1 gives the contrast of alloy 14#, 15#, 2024-T861 aluminium alloy of the present invention and 7055-T77511 aluminium alloy key property.Can find out, the tensile strength of alloy product of the present invention, yield strength, elongation, specific conductivity, thermal conductivity, anti-stress corrosion performance and 200 DEG C of drawing by high temperature yield strength performances are all obviously better than 2024-T861 aluminium alloy; Compared with 7055-T77511 aluminium alloy, except tensile strength and yield strength substantially quite except, other performance of alloy product of the present invention is then obviously better than 7055-T77511 aluminium alloy, and alloy product of the present invention shows the coupling of excellent mechanical property-conductivity-heat conductivility-corrosive nature.
Claims (26)
1. be suitable for a structure-function integration Al-alloy products, it has following performance: have high specific conductivity and good heat conductivility while (a) has high strength; Its yield strength >=570MPa, and meet relation between yield strength σ (units MPa) and conductivity gamma (unit %IACS): σ+10 γ >=950, thermal conductivity is more than or equal to 140W/ (m.K); B () has low unrelieved stress: residual-stress value≤50MPa, and described Al-alloy products contains following compositions by weight percentage:
Zn:5.5 ~ 10.0, Mg:1.5 ~ 2.8, Cu:1.5 ~ 2.5, Cr:0.05 ~ 0.50, Mn:0.05 ~ 0.50, Zr:0.01 ~ 0.20, and the rest is Al, subsidiary element and impurity, meet simultaneously:
(a)10.0≤Zn+Mg+Cu≤14.0；
(b)4.4≤(Zn/Mg)+Cu≤6.5；
(c) 0.10≤Cr+Mn+Zr≤0.60; With
(d)Cr≤Mn≤Cr+0.20。
2. be according to claim 1ly suitable for structure-function integration Al-alloy products, it contains following compositions by weight percentage:
Zn:6.2 ~ 9.0, Mg:1.8 ~ 2.4, Cu:1.6 ~ 2.3, Cr:0.05 ~ 0.20, Mn:0.10 ~ 0.30, Zr:0.03 ~ 0.15, and the rest is Al, subsidiary element and impurity, meet simultaneously:
(a)10.2≤Zn+Mg+Cu≤12.8；
(b)4.6≤(Zn/Mg)+Cu≤6.1；
(c) 0.34≤Cr+Mn+Zr≤0.48; With
(d)Cr≤Mn≤Cr+0.17。
3. be according to claim 1 and 2ly suitable for structure-function integration Al-alloy products, wherein said subsidiary element comprises the subsidiary element of at least one microalloying be selected from Ti, Ni, Ag, Sc, Er and Hf, need meet: the content of described micro alloying element meets 0.34wt%≤[Cr+Mn+Zr+ (at least one in Ti, Ni, Ag, Sc, Er and Hf)]≤0.48wt%.
4. be according to claim 1 and 2ly suitable for structure-function integration Al-alloy products, wherein said impurity contains: Fe≤0.50wt%, Si≤0.50wt%.
5. be according to claim 4ly suitable for structure-function integration Al-alloy products, wherein said impurity contains: Fe≤0.40wt%, Si≤0.20wt%.
6. be according to claim 1 and 2ly suitable for structure-function integration Al-alloy products, wherein, other subsidiary element except Ti, Ni, Ag, Sc, Er and Hf and other impurity elements except Fe and Si often plant≤0.10wt%, and the summation≤0.20wt% of other subsidiary element wherein said and other impurity element.
7. be according to claim 6ly suitable for structure-function integration Al-alloy products, wherein, other subsidiary element except Ti, Ni, Ag, Sc, Er and Hf and other impurity elements except Fe and Si often plant≤0.05wt%, and the summation≤0.12wt% of other subsidiary element wherein said and other impurity element.
8. be according to claim 1 and 2ly suitable for structure-function integration Al-alloy products, the Cu content in wherein said Al-alloy products is less than or equal to Mg content.
9. according to any one of claim 1 or 2, be suitable for structure-function integration Al-alloy products, the cross section minimum thickness of wherein said Al-alloy products is 0.1 ~ 200mm, and described Al-alloy products is extruded product, drawing goods, rolled product, forged article or cast product.
10. produce a kind of method being suitable for structure-function integration Al-alloy products, it comprises the following steps:
(1) according to the composition in the Al-alloy products according to any one of claim 1 ~ 9 and content, semicontinuous casting ingot casting or die casting is manufactured;
(2) homogenizing thermal treatment is carried out to gained ingot casting or foundry goods;
(3) carry out one or many deformation processing to through the heat treated ingot casting of homogenizing, thus obtain the alloy product of required specification;
(4) solution heat treatment is carried out to deformation processing part or through the heat treated foundry goods of homogenizing;
(5) by the rapid cool to room temperature of alloy product through solution heat treatment; With
(6) aging strengthening model is carried out to obtain the coupling of key property to the alloy product of cool to room temperature, to obtain required structure-function integration Al-alloy products.
11. methods according to claim 10, wherein in step (1), adopt melting, degasification, except to be mingled with and the mode of semicontinuous casting carries out the manufacture of ingot casting; In fusion process, analyzed by online composition detection, supplement the proportioning between adjustment alloying element fast, and complete whole ingot casting manufacturing processedes.
12. methods according to claim 10, wherein in step (1), the mode being also included in semicontinuous casting carries out ingot casting crystallizer position used or applying electromagnetic field, ultrasonic field or mechanical stirring near it.
13. methods according to claim 10, wherein in step (2), described homogenizing thermal treatment is undertaken by one or more groups being selected from the mode of lower group:
(1) within the scope of 460 ~ 480 DEG C, the single-stage homogenizing thermal treatment of 12 ~ 60h is carried out;
(2) within the scope of 400 ~ 490 DEG C, the two-step homogenization thermal treatment that total time is 12 ~ 60h is carried out;
(3) within the scope of 400 ~ 490 DEG C, the multistage uniform heat-transmission process that total time is 12 ~ 60h is carried out; With
(4) within the scope of 360 ~ 490 DEG C, the slow continuous warming homogenizing thermal treatment that total time is 24 ~ 72h is carried out.
14. methods according to claim 10, wherein in step (3), described one or many deformation processing adopt be selected from a kind of in extruding, drawing, forging, rolling or and the mode that combines carry out, preheating temperature before the processing of thermal distortion is each time 380 ~ 450 DEG C, and warm up time is 1 ~ 6h.
15. methods according to claim 10, wherein in step (3), described one or many thermal distortion processing adopts the mode being selected from extruding to carry out, wherein, take the mode of extrusion speed, and combine extruding tool and mould optimization design, accurately to control recrystallized structure ratio and deformable member surface quality and tolerance of dimension in alloy product.
16. methods according to claim 10, wherein in step (4), described solution heat treatment need regulate and control recrystallized structure ratio in goods further according to performance requriements, and is undertaken by one or more groups in the mode that is selected from lower group:
(1) goods are carried out to the single-stage solution heat treatment of 1 ~ 12h within the scope of 450 ~ 478 DEG C;
(2) within the scope of 440 ~ 485 DEG C, the double_stage guide thermal treatment that total time is 1 ~ 12h is carried out to goods;
(3) within the scope of 440 ~ 485 DEG C, the multistage solution heat treatment that total time is 1 ~ 12h is carried out to goods; With
(4) within the scope of 420 ~ 485 DEG C, the slow continuous warming solution heat treatment that total time is 1 ~ 12h is carried out.
17. methods according to claim 16, wherein, adopt slow continuous warming solution heat treatment in the temperature range being raised to solution heat treatment from room temperature, and temperature rise rate≤2 DEG C/min, temperature reaches the effective heating time after 460 DEG C
wherein D is Al-alloy products cross section equivalence circular diameter.
18. methods according to claim 10, wherein in step (5), use be selected from the quenching of heat-eliminating medium immersion, spray-type quenching, a kind of in strong wind cooling or and the mode of combination alloy product is cooled to room temperature rapidly.
19. methods according to claim 10, wherein in step (6), alloy goods carry out three-step aging thermal treatment: first step aging temperature is 105 ~ 125 DEG C, insulation 1 ~ 24h; In 0.2 ~ 2h, continuous warming is to second stage aging strengthening model temperature 165 ~ 200 DEG C afterwards, and insulation 0.2 ~ 8h, adopts the mode of water-cooled or air cooling to cool fast, be cooled to room temperature or room temperature to 0 DEG C; Third stage aging temperature is 100 ~ 140 DEG C, insulation 1 ~ 36h.
20. methods according to claim 19, wherein said three-step aging thermal treatment is: first step aging temperature is 110 ~ 120 DEG C, insulation 4 ~ 16h; In 0.5 ~ 1h, continuous warming is to second stage aging strengthening model temperature 170 ~ 185 DEG C afterwards, and insulation 0.5 ~ 3h, adopts the mode of water-cooled or air cooling to cool fast; Third stage aging temperature is 115 ~ 125 DEG C, insulation 8 ~ 28h.
21. methods according to claim 10, wherein between step (5) and (6), also can comprise the following steps: the pre-treatment of distortion total amount in 1 ~ 5% scope is carried out to the alloy product of cool to room temperature, and coordinate straightening processing, to control the linearity equidimension precision of goods while effectively eliminating the residualinternal stress in goods.
22. methods according to claim 21, wherein said pre-treatment is preliminary draft or precompression.
23. methods according to claim 21, the mode that wherein said straightening processing adopts the roller that commutates repeatedly to rectify is carried out.
24. Al-alloy products manufactured by method according to any one of claim 10 ~ 23, yield strength >=the 570MPa of wherein said Al-alloy products, and meeting relation between yield strength σ (units MPa) and conductivity gamma (unit %IACS): σ+10 γ >=950, thermal conductivity is more than or equal to 140W/ (m.K).
25. Al-alloy products according to claim 24, yield strength >=the 590MPa of wherein said Al-alloy products, and meeting relation between yield strength σ (units MPa) and conductivity gamma (unit %IACS): σ+10 γ >=985, thermal conductivity is more than or equal to 155W/ (m.K).
26. Al-alloy products according to claim 24 or 25, wherein said Al-alloy products by be selected from mechanical workout, chemical milling processing, electrospark machining, laser processing and combination thereof mode be processed into final component.
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