CN107217173A - Titanium alloy and its preparation technology with high-strength high-plastic and good fracture toughness - Google Patents
Titanium alloy and its preparation technology with high-strength high-plastic and good fracture toughness Download PDFInfo
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- CN107217173A CN107217173A CN201710389685.7A CN201710389685A CN107217173A CN 107217173 A CN107217173 A CN 107217173A CN 201710389685 A CN201710389685 A CN 201710389685A CN 107217173 A CN107217173 A CN 107217173A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C14/00—Alloys based on titanium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/002—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working by rapid cooling or quenching; cooling agents used therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/16—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of other metals or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/18—High-melting or refractory metals or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/183—High-melting or refractory metals or alloys based thereon of titanium or alloys based thereon
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of titanium alloy with high-strength high-plastic and good fracture toughness and its preparation technology, belong to materials science field.Weight percentage, the titanium alloy, which is constituted, is：Al 2.5~6.0%, Mo 6.5~8.5%, V 0~3.0%, Cr 1.5~4.5%, Fe 0.7~2.0%, Zr 0~2.5%, O 0.05~0.2%, surplus is Ti and inevitable impurity.Titanium alloy with the composition characteristic can obtain more than 1450MPa tensile strength by suitably deforming and being heat-treated, while elongation percentage is not less than 5% and fracture toughness is not less than
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to materials science field, and in particular to a kind of with high-strength high-plastic and good fracture toughness
Titanium alloy and its preparation technology.
Background technology
Titanium alloy extensively should due to its high specific strength, excellent corrosion resistance and certain high-temperature oxidation resistance
For Aero-Space, petrochemical industry and marine equipment technology field.
When titanium alloy as structural member in use, not only to consider the intensity and plasticity of material in some application scenarios, also
Consider its damage tolerance performance, that is, want the fracture toughness (high plane fracture toughness) of certain level and less than a certain limit value
Crack propagation velocity；When strength level phase at the same time, it is desirable to which the fracture toughness of material is high as far as possible.Different structural members are to material
The strength level of material requires different.Only have nearly β or richness β diphasic titanium alloys to be relatively easy in heavy in section in titanium alloy
The tensile strength of 1200MPa even more highs is obtained in size (tens to hundreds of millimeters) component, and keep enough elongation percentage and
Certain fracture toughness.The high strength titanium alloy applied to heavy in section structural member mainly has two kinds at present：One kind is Ti-10V-
2Fe-3Al (domestic trade mark TB6) alloy, alloy replacing high strength steel and applied to Boeing 777 airplane undercarriage, it resists
Tensile strength index is 1190MPa, and corresponding plastic requirement is not less than 4% (4D), and fracture toughness requirement is not less thanAnother is VT22 (domestic trade mark TC18) and its similar alloy, including VST55531,
Timetal5553 and Timetal18." intensity-plasticity-fracture toughness " matching of this alloy is better than Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al
Elongation percentage is up to 10% when tensile strength is 1360MPa for alloy, wherein VST55531 alloys, and fracture toughness is then reachable
But, require higher in forging tensile strength, such as when reaching 1450MPa, existing titanium alloy can not still be met by force
The requirement that degree is taken into account with plasticity, fracture toughness.Such as above-mentioned Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al alloys tensile strength 1450MPa with
The brittle failure that elongation percentage is less than 3% occurred when upper.VT22 titanium alloys and its derivative the alloy plasticity when intensity reaches 1450MPa
It is difficult to take into account with fracture toughness, if meeting the index request of elongation percentage more than 5%, fracture toughness then can be relatively low. TB10
(Ti-5Mo-5V-2Cr-3Al), Ti-B19 (Ti-5Mo-5V-4Cr-2Zr-3Al) alloys have similar feelings with VT22 titanium alloys
Condition.Then β-C (Ti-3Al-8V-6Cr-4Mo-4Zr) carry out timeliness as a kind of high intensity beta titanium alloy in 900 DEG C of solid solutions
Result in more than 1400MPa tensile strength andFracture toughness, but elongation percentage be less than 5%.β-21S
(Ti-15Mo-3Al-2.7Nb-0.25Si) situation of alloy is similar, and due to Mo high addition so that alloy melting becomes
It is difficult.
The content of the invention
For the shortcomings of the prior art, it is an object of the invention to provide one kind have it is high-strength high-plastic and
The titanium alloy and its preparation technology of good fracture toughness, the present invention are prepared for while having good tensile strength, elongation percentage and breaking
Toughness, and the titanium alloy forging with good process performance are split, respective strengths level is substituted in some fields to titanium alloy material
The application of steel has great importance.
To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is as follows：
A kind of titanium alloy with high-strength high-plastic and good fracture toughness, weight percentage, titanium alloy composition
For：Al 2.5~6.0%, Mo 6.5~8.5%, V 0~3.0%, Cr 1.5~4.5%, Fe 0.7~2.0%, Zr 0~
2.5%, O 0.05~0.2%, surplus is Ti and inevitable impurity.
In the titanium alloy, Cr and Fe contents sum is 3.5~6.0wt.%.
In the titanium alloy, the ratio between Mo contents and Fe+Cr contents are 1.3~2.2.
The transformation temperature T of the titanium alloyβ800 DEG C≤T should be metβ≤870℃。
In the titanium alloy, equivalent thickness of aluminium AlEq≤ 7, the equivalent thickness of aluminium is determined according to formula (1)；
AlEq=CAl+0.17CZr+10CO(1)；
In formula (1)：CAlFor Al weight percentage, CZrFor Zr weight percentage, COContain for O weight percent
Amount.
In the titanium alloy, molybdenum equivalent MoEqScope be 14~18 between, the molybdenum equivalent according to formula (2) determine；
MoEq=CMo+0.67CV+1.25CCr+2.5CFe(2)；
In formula (2)：CMoFor Mo weight percentage, CVFor V weight percentage, CFeContain for Fe weight percent
Amount, CCrFor Cr weight percentage.
The preparation technology of titanium alloy of the present invention with high-strength high-plastic and good fracture toughness, comprises the following steps：
(1) dispensing is entered by required alloying component, electrode pressing prepares alloy cast ingot by melting at least twice.
(2) thermal deformation field：Cogging forging is carried out to ingot casting in step (1), many fire time forgings is then carried out or rolls
System；One in following two thermal deformation techniques is taken in the last time forging or rolling of many fire time forgings or rolling
Kind：The first is：Blank heating applies more than 50% deflection to more than transformation temperature 15~40 DEG C, then；It is for second：
Blank heating applies more than 15% deflection to 40~100 DEG C below transformation temperature, then.
(3) it is heat-treated：Including solution treatment and Ageing Treatment；Solid solution temperature is 20~50 below alloy phase change point
DEG C, soaking time is 1-4 hours, then quick cooling；Component by solution treatment carries out Ageing Treatment, Ageing Treatment temperature
Degree is more than 480 DEG C, and soaking time is 4-24 hours, is then cooled down.
The design principle of the present invention is as follows：
The present invention highlights the addition of (Fe+Cr), when adding the β phase stable elements of identical mass percent, can obtain
β phases stabilizing power and solid solution strengthening effect that must be stronger, be conducive to improving heavy in section when alloy is used for heavy in section size members
The quenching degree of component.Here heavy in section size members refer to the component that section minimum dimension is more than 150mm.
Fe addition is defined in the present invention, Fe is the normal segregation element in titanium alloy, and content is too high can be strong due to its
Segregation trend and bring difficulty to alloy melting, content is too low, and then it is for solution strengthening, stable β phases and promotes high temperature
The effect of diffusion is then insufficient.Present invention provide that Fe contents for the experienced alloy melting producer degree of segregation
It is controllable.
Invention provides for Cr addition.Cr is similar with Fe, is also normal segregation element.The too low then solution strengthening of amount with
The effect of stable β phases is not obvious, and amount is too high then also to come difficult to smelting zone.
The present invention highlights Mo and (Fe+Cr) addition that cooperates with, and defines adding proportion, and its effect has four：1. Mo
Addition can suppress the ordering trend of Fe and Cr in the alloy, it is to avoid the embrittlement that alloy is likely to occur；2. Mo addition can be with
Suppress the roughening of alloy α phases when being cooled to two-phase section by β phase regions, transgranular needle-like primary alpha phase and crystal boundary strip primary alpha phase is got over
Detailed rules and regulations more easily crush it and realize isometry after deformation after unloading and heat treatment process, and it, which is distributed, also gets over disperse；It is tiny more
Scattered primary alpha phase plays the role of pinning β sub boundaries, is conducive to refining β subgrains, improves the plasticity of material；3. exist with Fe, Cr
Normal segregation characteristic in titanium alloy is different, and Mo is negative segregation element, and the effect of its segregation effect and Fe, Cr segregation can be mutual
A part is offset, so as to reduce the negative effect uneven to alloy property of Fe, Cr component segregation；4. with steady as isomorphism β phases
Determine element, solid solution strengthening effects of the Mo than V is higher, therefore identical reinforcing effect can be obtained with few addition.
Invention provides for Mo addition, when addition is too low, four kinds of above-mentioned effects are insufficient.Other Mo is mono-
Matter fusing point is high, it is necessary to is added in the form of intermediate alloy, when addition is too high, can bring difficulty to alloy melting.
It is 0~3.0% invention provides for V addition.V is the isomorphism β phase stable element similar with Mo, relatively
In Mo addition, advantageously solid solubility is higher than Mo in α phases for it, and the rise of caused high temperature hot deformation resistance is weaker；And it is unfavorable
Be that solid solution strengthening effect is weak and β phase stablizing effects are slightly worse, in addition without suppressing primary α when β phase regions are cooled to two-phase section
The effect grown up.Therefore supplement when V can add not enough as Fe, Cr and Mo element.
Invention provides for Al addition, its effect has three：1. solution strengthening, 2. adjusts transformation temperature, 3. improves β steady
Determine solid solubility of the element in α phases.The too low then solid solution strengthening effect of Al content is not obvious, and transformation temperature may be caused relatively low, no
Beneficial to the development of thermal deformation technique.Segregation into α phases can occur in ag(e)ing process for Al, have ordering during too high levels
Trend, is harmful to the fracture toughness of material.
It is 3.5~6.0% invention provides for Cr and Fe contents sum.Required reinforcing can not be reached when content is relatively low
Effect, when the higher then melting difficulty of content is increased.
Invention provides for the molybdenum equivalent of alloy.It can make it that alloy phase change point is relatively low and thermal deformation is anti-when molybdenum equivalent is too high
Power is excessive, is unfavorable for the development of thermal deformation technique；When molybdenum equivalent is relatively low, required solid solution strengthening effect can not reached, made
Obtain alloy strength relatively low.
Invention provides for the equivalent thickness of aluminium value Al of alloyEqNo more than 7.When the equivalent thickness of aluminium reaches more than 7, alloy is in timeliness mistake
There is ordering tendency in journey, this can cause fracture toughness to reduce.Due to segregations of the Al into α phases can occur in ag(e)ing process,
This can make it that Al content actually can be higher than the overall Al content of alloy in α phases.Other Al cooperates with promotion α with Zr, O2Mutually separate out
Effect, it is therefore desirable to control its overall content.
Invention provides for the transformation temperature of alloy.Transformation temperature is higher, then solution heat treatment temperature is often also higher, then just
The easier roughening of raw α phases, this is harmful to the plasticity of material.And the more low then two-phase section deformation window of transformation temperature is smaller, more it is unfavorable for
The development of thermal deformation technique.
The alloy of the present invention, its alloy melting raw material selection can refer to general titanium alloy, wherein Fe can with Mo-Fe or
The form of V-Fe intermediate alloys is added.The alloy of the present invention, when preparing diameter 250mm above large scale ingot castings and last time
When melting uses vacuum consumable smelting, it should according to Fe additions number on the basis with reference to conventional titanium alloy smelting technique
The electrode melting speed of upper appropriate reduction fusion process is to reduce pool depth, so as to control the segregation of Fe elements.With success
Ti-1023 alloy melting experiences the producer may be referred to the alloy smelting technology set smelting parameter.
The alloy of the present invention, to obtain enough elongation percentage and maximizing fracture toughness, can take following thermal change
Shape forging or rolling mill practice：First, cogging is forged；2nd, follow-up forging；3rd, two-phase section is deformed, and deflection is more than 50%；
4th, monophase field is deformed, and deformation amount controlling is more than 50%；5th, two-phase section is deformed, and deflection is more than 15%.
The alloy of the present invention, to maximize fracture toughness, can take following thermal deformation technique：First, cogging is forged
Make；2nd, follow-up forging；3rd, two-phase section is deformed, and cumulative deformation is more than 50%；4th, monophase field is forged, and cumulative deformation exists
More than 50%, water quenching.
The alloy of the present invention, to obtain enough elongation percentage, solution heat treatment temperature should less than 30 DEG C of transformation temperature with
On.
The invention has the advantages that and beneficial effect：
1st, the present invention is arranged in pairs or groups by the addition of Mo+ (Fe, Cr)+V+Zr and Al in Ti alloys, obtain have concurrently it is high-strength
The heavy in section titanium alloy of degree, high-ductility and good fracture toughness.Titanium alloy of the present invention can obtain splendid comprehensive mechanical property
Match somebody with somebody, when reaching 1450MPa such as tensile strength, elongation percentage >=5%,Compared to similar
The TB6 alloys of application target, main addition V and Fe, titanium alloy of the present invention has higher molybdenum equivalent, the equivalent thickness of aluminium and transformation temperature,
Strength level is also higher.
2nd, alloy of the invention is compared with the VT22 with same application target and by its derivative series alloy, is had
There are higher Mo additions, Cr+Fe addition is also higher, while molybdenum equivalent is also higher.Therefore titanium alloy of the present invention can be obtained
Higher strength level.And transformation temperature is similar, therefore with similar processing performance.
3rd, alloy of the invention is suitably applied the load-carrying construction part of various requirement high intensity and excellent toughness, such as fixed
The forge piece applied on fuselage, wing and the undercarriage of wing aircraft, it can also be used to which the various requirement damage used on helicopter is held
The structural member of sex-limited energy, and require the fastener rod silk material of superhigh intensity and good plasticity.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in detail with reference to embodiments.
The alloying component of each embodiment is shown in Table 1.By three vacuum consumable smeltings, it is prepared for composition shown in table 1
Alloy cast ingot, its transformation temperature is measured using metallographic method.Ingot casting through excessive fire time flat-die forging, embodiment 1,2,3 and 5 it is last
Once forging is in two-phase section, and heating-up temperature is 750 DEG C, and deflection is 40%.And the last time forging of embodiment 4 is used
Two kinds of techniques：1. the two-phase section forging (deflection is 30%) and the 2. monophase field forging (deformation of 850 DEG C of heating of 750 DEG C of heating
Measure as 60%).All embodiments finally obtain 60 × 60 × L (length) bar-shaped square billet.Solid solution and timeliness are carried out to forging
Heat treatment, tests its tensile property and fracture toughness, the mechanical property after heat treatment is given in Table 2, wherein σ0.2、σb、δ5、ψ
And KICRespectively yield strength, tensile strength, elongation percentage, the contraction percentage of area and plane fracture toughness.
The embodiment 1-5 of table 1 alloying component
Table 2 corresponds to embodiment 1-5 material mechanical performance
Claims (8)
1. a kind of titanium alloy with high-strength high-plastic and good fracture toughness, it is characterised in that：Weight percentage, the titanium
Alloy is constituted：Al 2.5~6.0%, Mo 6.5~8.5%, V 0~3.0%, Cr 1.5~4.5%, Fe 0.7~
2.0%, Zr 0~2.5%, O 0.05~0.2%, surplus is Ti and inevitable impurity.
2. the titanium alloy according to claim 1 with high-strength high-plastic and good fracture toughness, it is characterised in that：The titanium is closed
Jin Zhong, Cr and Fe content sum are 3.5~6.0wt.%.
3. the titanium alloy according to claim 1 with high-strength high-plastic and good fracture toughness, it is characterised in that：The titanium is closed
The ratio between Jin Zhong, Mo content and Fe+Cr contents are 1.3~2.2.
4. the titanium alloy according to claim 1 with high-strength high-plastic and good fracture toughness, it is characterised in that：The titanium is closed
Jin Zhong, equivalent thickness of aluminium AlEq≤ 7, the equivalent thickness of aluminium is determined according to formula (1)；
AlEq=CAl+0.17CZr+10CO(1)；
In formula (1)：CAlFor Al weight percentage, CZrFor Zr weight percentage, COFor O weight percentage.
5. the titanium alloy according to claim 1 with high-strength high-plastic and good fracture toughness, it is characterised in that：The titanium is closed
Jin Zhong, molybdenum equivalent MoEqScope be 14~18 between, the molybdenum equivalent according to formula (2) determine；
MoEq=CMo+0.67CV+1.25CCr+2.5CFe(2)；
In formula (2)：CMoFor Mo weight percentage, CVFor V weight percentage, CFeFor Fe weight percentage, CCr
For Cr weight percentage.
6. the titanium alloy according to claim 1 with high-strength high-plastic and good fracture toughness, it is characterised in that：The titanium is closed
The transformation temperature T of goldβ800 DEG C≤T should be metβ≤870℃。
7. the preparation technology of the titanium alloy according to claim 1 with high-strength high-plastic and good fracture toughness, its feature
It is：The technique comprises the following steps：
(1) carried out by required alloying component after dispensing, electrode pressing by melting at least twice, prepare alloy cast ingot；
(2) thermal deformation field：Cogging forging is carried out to ingot casting in step (1), many fire time forgings is then carried out or rolls；
(3) it is heat-treated：Including solution treatment and Ageing Treatment；Solid solution temperature is 20~50 DEG C below alloy phase change point, to protect
It is warm 1-5 hours, then cool down；Component by solution treatment carries out Ageing Treatment, and aging temperature is more than 480 DEG C, insulation
4-24 hours, then cool down.
8. the preparation technology of the titanium alloy according to claim 7 with high-strength high-plastic and good fracture toughness, its feature
It is：In step (2), following two thermal deformations are taken in the last time forging or rolling of many fire time forgings or rolling
One kind in technique：
The first is：Blank heating applies more than 50% deflection to more than transformation temperature 15~40 DEG C, then；
It is for second：Blank heating applies more than 15% deflection to 40~100 DEG C below transformation temperature, then.
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| CN107747002A (en) * | 2017-11-01 | 2018-03-02 | 五华县新锐科技有限公司 | A kind of titanium alloy and its manufacture method applied to sporting goods |
| CN108486410A (en) * | 2018-05-24 | 2018-09-04 | 北京航空航天大学 | A kind of superelevation strength and ductility product low-cost titanium alloy and the preparation method and application thereof |
| CN108588606A (en) * | 2018-05-24 | 2018-09-28 | 太原理工大学 | A kind of process of the high tough beta-titanium alloy crystal grain of rapid refinement |
| CN108977693A (en) * | 2018-08-03 | 2018-12-11 | 燕山大学 | A kind of recrystallization high-strength titanium alloy and preparation method thereof |
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