CN103232629A - 低成本绝缘橡胶电缆料及其制备工艺 - Google Patents

低成本绝缘橡胶电缆料及其制备工艺 Download PDF

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CN103232629A
CN103232629A CN2013101400257A CN201310140025A CN103232629A CN 103232629 A CN103232629 A CN 103232629A CN 2013101400257 A CN2013101400257 A CN 2013101400257A CN 201310140025 A CN201310140025 A CN 201310140025A CN 103232629 A CN103232629 A CN 103232629A
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张新
张勇
郭俭旭
王昆
潘明星
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Jiangsu Hengtong Power Cable Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开一种低成本绝缘橡胶电缆料及其制备工艺,由以下重量份的组分组成:氯化聚乙烯8~14份,乙烯-辛烯共聚物弹性体15~21份,改性煅烧陶土15~31份,800#石蜡基橡胶油5~8份,活性氧化镁0.5~1份,超细滑石粉4~7份,活性氧化锌1~2份,环保稳定剂0.3~0.6份,微晶蜡1~2份,钛白粉0.5~1份,4,4′双(α,α二甲基苄基)二苯胺0.5~0.8份,过氧化二异丙苯1~2份,三聚氰酸三烯丙酯1~1.5份;所述乙烯-辛烯共聚物弹性体中辛烯单体的质量份数超过20%。本发明其有利于无机粉体添加均匀,工艺范围广泛,连续硫化温度在190℃~210℃之间仍然保持较高的断裂伸长率,也大大降低成本。

Description

低成本绝缘橡胶电缆料及其制备工艺
技术领域
本发明涉及低成本绝缘橡胶电缆料及其制备工艺,还涉及该低成本绝缘橡胶电缆料的制备工艺。
背景技术
橡胶绝缘中常用的是三元乙丙作为基料,用硫化剂DCP和硫化促进剂TAC,混炼胶的缺点是:断裂伸长率较低,在硫化过程中工艺范围较窄,若挤出时温度过高很容易断裂伸长率不合格。
发明内容
本发明的第一个目的是提供低成本绝缘橡胶电缆料,其有利于无机粉体添加均匀,工艺范围广泛,连续硫化温度在190℃~210℃之间仍然保持较高的断裂伸长率,也大大降低成本。
本发明的第二个目的是提供上述低成本绝缘橡胶电缆料的制备工艺。
为达到上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案是:一种低成本绝缘橡胶电缆料,由以下重量份的组分组成:
氯化聚乙烯(CPE)                        8~14份,
乙烯-辛烯共聚物弹性体(POE)             15~21份,
改性煅烧陶土                              15~31份,
800#石蜡基橡胶油                          5~8份,
活性氧化镁                                0.5~1份%,
超细滑石粉                                4~7份,
活性氧化锌                                1~2份,
环保稳定剂                                0.3~0.6份,
微晶蜡                                    1~2份,
钛白粉                                    0.5~1份,
4,4′双(α,α二甲基苄基)二苯胺              0.5~0.8份,
过氧化二异丙苯                            1~2份,
三聚氰酸三烯丙酯                          1~1.5份;
所述乙烯-辛烯共聚物弹性体中辛烯单体的质量份数超过20%。
上述低成本绝缘橡胶电缆料技术方案中的进一步改进方案如下:
上述方案中,由以下百分含量的组分组成:
氯化聚乙烯(CPE)                        12~14份,
乙烯-辛烯共聚物弹性体(POE)             18~20份,
改性煅烧陶土                              15~31份,
800#石蜡基橡胶油                          5~7份,
活性氧化镁                                0.8份,
超细滑石粉                                5~7份,
活性氧化锌                                1~1.5份,
环保稳定剂                                0.45~0.55份,
微晶蜡                                    1.5~2份,
钛白粉                                    0.7~0.9份,
4,4′双(α,α二甲基苄基)二苯胺               0.5~0.6份,
过氧化二异丙苯                             1.5份,
三聚氰酸三烯丙酯                           1.2~1.3份。
为达到上述目的,上述低成本绝缘橡胶电缆料的制备工艺,包括以下步骤:
步骤一. 先将氯化聚乙烯(CPE)8~14份、乙烯-辛烯共聚物弹性体(POE)15~21份按重量百分数在90~110℃密炼机中混炼4~5min,混合均匀;
步骤二. 在所述密炼机中再加入800#石蜡基橡胶油5~8份、活性氧化镁0.5~1份、活性氧化锌1~2份、环保稳定剂0.3~0.6份、微晶蜡1~2份、钛白粉0.5~1份、4,4′双(α,α二甲基苄基)二苯胺0.5~0.8份,混炼2~3min;
步骤三. 然后,将改性煅烧陶土15~31份、超细滑石粉4~7份加入所述密炼机中混炼3~5min,密炼机排出混炼胶料;
步骤四. 将所述混炼胶料在开炼机上薄通1~2次,同时摆胶2~3次,然后经一滤网过滤橡胶; 
步骤五.  将过滤好的橡胶存放24小时后将胶料重新放入密炼机混炼,同时加入硫化剂过氧化二异丙苯1~2份、三聚氰酸三烯丙酯1~1.5份混炼2~3min左右排料。
上述制备工艺技术方案中的进一步改进方案如下:
上述方案中,所述步骤四中滤网为三层滤网,分别为40目、80目和40目。
由于上述技术方案的运用,本发明与现有技术相比具有下列优点:
1. 本发明低成本绝缘橡胶电缆料及其制备工艺,其采用辛烯单体的质量份数超过20%~30%的乙烯-辛烯共聚物弹性体(POE)15~21份与氯化聚乙烯(CPE)8~14份作为基料,由于质量份数超过20%~30%的乙烯-辛烯共聚物弹性体的门尼为17粘度较低,温度升高时,混炼胶变得很软;有利于无机粉体添加均匀的混入其基料中,提高了相容性,而且添加了氯化聚乙烯(CPE)后,由于氯化聚乙烯(CPE)门尼较高,克服了混炼胶在混炼时摆胶困难,避免了三辊压延机上开条出片容易拉断的缺陷,提高物理机械性能,在保证电性能的前提下,使工艺性能得到很大提高;其次,质量份数超过20%~30%的乙烯-辛烯共聚物弹性体(POE)15~21份与氯化聚乙烯(CPE)8~14份作为基料,门尼粘度较低,在添加相同的填充材料,达到相同门尼粘度时所需要的增塑剂较少,这样可以提高混炼胶的耐热、耐候。
2. 本发明低成本绝缘橡胶电缆料及其制备工艺,其针对两种橡胶作为基料是基于两种材料各有优缺点,通过并用达到互补的目的,氯化聚乙烯(CPE)其物理机械性能较高,可以提高并用胶的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率,在保证物理机械性能的前提下增加填充材料用量,达到降低成本的目的;添加乙烯-辛烯共聚物弹性体(POE),因其为饱和非极性橡胶,并用后可以提高橡胶的电气性能;复合钙锌稳定剂提高了氯化聚乙烯硫化时放出氯化氢气体的分解温度;氧化镁在体系中起到吸酸剂的功能,吸收氯化聚乙烯高温硫化产生的氯化氢气体;氧化锌主要是提高乙烯-辛烯共聚物耐温等级;由于乙烯-辛烯共聚物弹性体和氯化聚乙烯都为饱和橡胶,两者可以共用同一种硫化体系(硫化剂:过氧化二异丙苯;硫化促进剂:三聚氰酸三烯丙酯),且生成的分子链都为碳-碳键,由于碳-碳键能较大,耐热、和耐老化性能得到明显提高。
3. 本发明低成本绝缘橡胶电缆料及其制备工艺,其乙烯-辛烯共聚物弹性体(POE)与氯化聚乙烯(CPE)都为主链不含双键的饱和橡胶,他们有共硫化特性,选用DCP作为硫化剂,添加共硫化剂三聚氰酸三烯丙酯(TAC);采用DCP作为硫化体系时,交联和断裂同时发生,为抑制断裂反应,可添加具有官能团的共硫剂,共硫化剂可大大加快硫化速度,提高交联密度,改善硫化胶的耐温性能。CPE本身没有双键,也没有交联结构的点,完全靠过氧化物来交联,在硫化时的高温使过氧化物分解产生的游离基,夺取CPE 长链分子上的氢而出现CPE 的游离基,在硫化助剂TAC 的帮助下,使两个大分子链的游离基连接起来,形成交联网状结构,从而使CPE 橡胶硫化。在此过程中由于极性分子的作用会有HCl分子的产生,这种HCl 气体不仅妨碍了胶体硫化,而且容易使CPE 橡胶产生类似海绵状孔隙而是其物理机械性能恶化。活性氧化镁的加入有效地克服了这一问题。所以氧化镁是很好的吸酸剂、硫化促进剂、CPE热稳定剂。活性氧化锌可以明显提高硫化速度和交联程度。
4. 本发明低成本绝缘橡胶电缆料及其制备工艺,其乙烯-辛烯共聚物弹性体(POE)与氯化聚乙烯(CPE)都为主链不含双键的饱和橡胶,他们有共硫化特性,选用DCP作为硫化剂,添加共硫化剂三聚氰酸三烯丙酯(TAC);采用DCP作为硫化体系时,交联和断裂同时发生,为抑制断裂反应,可添加具有官能团的共硫剂,共硫化剂可大大加快硫化速度,提高交联密度,改善硫化胶的耐温性能。CPE本身没有双键,也没有交联结构的点,完全靠过氧化物来交联,在硫化时的高温使过氧化物分解产生的游离基,夺取CPE 长链分子上的氢而出现CPE 的游离基,在硫化助剂TAC的帮助下,使两个大分子链的游离基连接起来,形成交联网状结构,从而使CPE 橡胶硫化。在此过程中由于极性分子的作用会有HCl分子的产生,这种HCl 气体不仅妨碍了胶体硫化,而且容易使CPE 橡胶产生类似海绵状孔隙而是其物理机械性能恶化。活性氧化镁的加入有效地克服了这一问题。所以氧化镁是很好的吸酸剂、硫化促进剂、CPE热稳定剂。活性氧化锌可以明显提高POE的硫化速度和交联程度。
5. 本发明低成本绝缘橡胶电缆料制备工艺,其步骤四经一滤网过滤橡胶,薄通快速降低密炼机排出胶料的温度,提高混炼效果,同时通过薄通,可有效的切断橡胶分子链,降低胶料的门尼粘度;摆胶目的是使各种配合剂完全而均匀地分散于生胶中,保证胶料性能均匀一致,即胶料的任何一部分都含有相同数量的组分,不致于因配合剂局部集中而出现胶料性能不一;虑橡目的是为了除去混炼胶中粒径较大的杂质,提高混炼胶的电气性能。
6. 本发明低成本绝缘橡胶电缆料制备工艺,其步骤五将过滤好的橡胶存放24小时后将胶料重新放入密炼机混炼,停放24小试消除混炼时所产生的内应力,减少胶料的收缩;并且停放过程中配合剂仍在橡料中继续扩散,提高了分散的均匀性,同时能使橡胶与补强剂之间进一步生成结合橡胶,提高补强效果。
具体实施方式
实施例1. 一种低成本绝缘橡胶电缆料,材料各组份配方为:氯化聚乙烯(CPE)12公斤,乙烯-辛烯共聚物弹性体(POE)19公斤, 800#石蜡基橡胶油 5公斤,活性氧化镁0.8公斤,氧化锌1.5公斤, 超细滑石粉5公斤,环保稳定剂 0.5公斤,微晶蜡1.5公斤,钛白粉 0.8公斤,改性煅烧陶土25公斤,4,4′双 (α ,α 二甲基苄基 )二苯胺0.6公斤,过氧化二异丙苯1.5公斤,三聚氰酸三烯丙酯1.2公斤。
上述乙烯-辛烯共聚物弹性体中辛烯单体的质量份数超过20%。
制备方法:先将氯化聚乙烯(CPE)、乙烯-辛烯共聚物弹性体(POE)按重量百分数在90~110℃密炼机中混炼4-5min,两种材料混合均匀;800#石蜡基橡胶油、活性氧化镁、活性氧化锌、环保稳定剂、微晶蜡、钛白粉、防老剂4,4′双(α,α二甲基苄基)二苯胺,混炼2-3min;然后将改性煅烧陶土、超细滑石粉,混炼3-5min;密炼机排料,将混炼胶在开炼机上薄通1~2次,同时摆胶2~3次,然后滤橡(三层滤网的目数分别为:40目、80目、40目),将过滤好的橡胶存放24小时后将胶料重新放入密炼机混炼,同时加入硫化剂过氧化二异丙苯、硫化助剂三聚氰酸三烯丙酯混炼2~3min左右排料,将混炼胶在开炼机上薄通1~2次,同时摆胶2~3次,在三辊压延机上开条出片,橡页经过冷却辊冷却,经过粉箱后制得成品。
本实例制备的低成本绝缘橡胶电缆材料,性能检测数据如下:
Figure 2013101400257100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
老化条件: 135±1℃×168小时。
实施例2. 一种低成本绝缘橡胶电缆料,材料各组份配方为:氯化聚乙烯(CPE)12公斤,乙烯-辛烯共聚物弹性体(POE)19公斤,800#石蜡基橡胶油 7公斤,活性氧化镁0.8公斤,氧化锌1.5公斤,超细滑石粉7公斤,环保稳定剂 0.5公斤,微晶蜡1.5公斤,钛白粉 0.8公斤,改性煅烧陶土30公斤,4,4′双(α,α二甲基苄基 )二苯胺0.6公斤,过氧化二异丙苯1.5公斤,三聚氰酸三烯丙酯1.2公斤。
上述乙烯-辛烯共聚物弹性体中辛烯单体的质量份数超过20%。
制备方法与实施例1中相同。
本实例制备的低成本绝缘橡胶电缆材料,性能检测数据如下:
老化条件: 135±1℃×168小时。
实施例3. 一种低成本绝缘橡胶电缆料,材料各组份配方为:氯化聚乙烯(CPE)14公斤,乙烯-辛烯共聚物弹性体(POE)19公斤, 800#石蜡基橡胶油 5公斤,活性氧化镁0.8公斤,氧化锌1.0公斤, 超细滑石粉5公斤,环保稳定剂 0.5公斤,微晶蜡2公斤  钛白粉 0.8公斤,改性煅烧陶土25公斤,防老剂4,4′ 双 (α ,α 二甲基苄基 )二苯胺0.5公斤,硫化剂过氧化二异丙苯1.5公斤,硫化助剂三聚氰酸三烯丙酯1.2公斤。
上述乙烯-辛烯共聚物弹性体中辛烯单体的质量份数超过20%。
本实例制备的低成本绝缘橡胶电缆材料,性能的检测数据如下:
Figure 2013101400257100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
老化条件: 135±1℃×168小时。
综上,本发明低成本绝缘橡胶电缆料及其制备工艺,其采用辛烯单体的质量份数超过20%~30%的乙烯-辛烯共聚物弹性体(POE)15~21份与氯化聚乙烯(CPE)8~14份作为基料,由于质量份数超过20%~30%的乙烯-辛烯共聚物弹性体的门尼为17粘度较低,温度升高时,混炼胶变得很软;有利于无机粉体添加均匀的混入其基料中,提高了相容性,而且添加了氯化聚乙烯(CPE)后,由于氯化聚乙烯(CPE)门尼较高,克服了混炼胶在混炼时摆胶困难,避免了三辊压延机上开条出片容易拉断的缺陷,提高物理机械性能,在保证电性能的前提下,使工艺性能得到很大提高;其次,质量份数超过20%~30%的乙烯-辛烯共聚物弹性体(POE)15~21份与氯化聚乙烯(CPE)8~14份作为基料,门尼粘度较低,在添加相同的填充材料,达到相同门尼粘度时所需要的增塑剂较少,这样可以提高混炼胶的耐热、耐候。
上述实施例只为说明本发明的技术构思及特点,其目的在于让熟悉此项技术的人士能够了解本发明的内容并据以实施,并不能以此限制本发明的保护范围。凡根据本发明精神实质所作的等效变化或修饰,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (4)

1. 一种低成本绝缘橡胶电缆料,其特征在于:由以下重量份的组分组成:
氯化聚乙烯(CPE)                        8~14份,
乙烯-辛烯共聚物弹性体(POE)             15~21份,
改性煅烧陶土                              15~31份,
800#石蜡基橡胶油                          5~8份,
活性氧化镁                                0.5~1份%,
超细滑石粉                                4~7份,
活性氧化锌                                1~2份,
环保稳定剂                                0.3~0.6份,
微晶蜡                                    1~2份,
钛白粉                                    0.5~1份,
4,4′双(α,α二甲基苄基)二苯胺              0.5~0.8份,
过氧化二异丙苯                            1~2份,
三聚氰酸三烯丙酯                          1~1.5份;
所述乙烯-辛烯共聚物弹性体中辛烯单体的质量份数超过20%。
2. 根据权利要求1所述的低成本绝缘橡胶电缆料,其特征在于:由以下百分含量的组分组成:
氯化聚乙烯(CPE)                        12~14份,
乙烯-辛烯共聚物弹性体(POE)             18~20份,
改性煅烧陶土                              15~31份,
800#石蜡基橡胶油                          5~7份,
活性氧化镁                                0.8份,
超细滑石粉                                5~7份,
活性氧化锌                                1~1.5份,
环保稳定剂                                0.45~0.55份,
微晶蜡                                    1.5~2份,
钛白粉                                    0.7~0.9份,
4,4′双(α,α二甲基苄基)二苯胺              0.5~0.6份,
过氧化二异丙苯                            1.5份,
三聚氰酸三烯丙酯                          1.2~1.3份。
3. 如权利要求1所述的低成本绝缘橡胶电缆料的制备工艺,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
步骤一. 先将氯化聚乙烯(CPE)8~14份、乙烯-辛烯共聚物弹性体(POE)15~21份按重量百分数在90~110℃密炼机中混炼4~5min,混合均匀;
步骤二. 在所述密炼机中再加入800#石蜡基橡胶油5~8份、活性氧化镁0.5~1份、活性氧化锌1~2份、环保稳定剂0.3~0.6份、微晶蜡1~2份、钛白粉0.5~1份、4,4′双(α,α二甲基苄基)二苯胺0.5~0.8份,混炼2~3min;
步骤三. 然后,将改性煅烧陶土15~31份、超细滑石粉4~7份加入所述密炼机中混炼3~5min,密炼机排出混炼胶料;
步骤四. 将所述混炼胶料在开炼机上薄通1~2次,同时摆胶2~3次,然后经一滤网过滤橡胶; 
步骤五.  将过滤好的橡胶存放24小时后将胶料重新放入密炼机混炼,同时加入硫化剂过氧化二异丙苯1~2份、三聚氰酸三烯丙酯1~1.5份混炼2~3min左右排料。
4. 根据权利要求3所述的制备工艺,其特征在于:所述步骤四中滤网为三层滤网,分别为40目、80目和40目。
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