CN103223925B - 电动巴士电池更换站 - Google Patents

电动巴士电池更换站 Download PDF

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CN103223925B
CN103223925B CN201210232787.5A CN201210232787A CN103223925B CN 103223925 B CN103223925 B CN 103223925B CN 201210232787 A CN201210232787 A CN 201210232787A CN 103223925 B CN103223925 B CN 103223925B
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electronic bus
unit
battery altering
sailing
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CN103223925A (zh
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朴准奭
金元奎
郑元载
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Industry Academic Cooperation Foundation of Kookmin University
University Industry Cooperation Foundation of Korea Aerospace University
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Industry Academic Cooperation Foundation of Kookmin University
University Industry Cooperation Foundation of Korea Aerospace University
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/12Recording operating variables ; Monitoring of operating variables
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/66Arrangements of batteries
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/30Constructional details of charging stations
    • B60L53/35Means for automatic or assisted adjustment of the relative position of charging devices and vehicles
    • B60L53/36Means for automatic or assisted adjustment of the relative position of charging devices and vehicles by positioning the vehicle
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/30Constructional details of charging stations
    • B60L53/35Means for automatic or assisted adjustment of the relative position of charging devices and vehicles
    • B60L53/37Means for automatic or assisted adjustment of the relative position of charging devices and vehicles using optical position determination, e.g. using cameras
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/60Monitoring or controlling charging stations
    • B60L53/65Monitoring or controlling charging stations involving identification of vehicles or their battery types
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/80Exchanging energy storage elements, e.g. removable batteries
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2200/00Type of vehicles
    • B60L2200/18Buses
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2250/00Driver interactions
    • B60L2250/16Driver interactions by display
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/12Electric charging stations
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/14Plug-in electric vehicles
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/16Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/16Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/167Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for supporting the interoperability of electric or hybrid vehicles, i.e. smartgrids as interface for battery charging of electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04SSYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S30/00Systems supporting specific end-user applications in the sector of transportation
    • Y04S30/10Systems supporting the interoperability of electric or hybrid vehicles
    • Y04S30/14Details associated with the interoperability, e.g. vehicle recognition, authentication, identification or billing
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00Metal working
    • Y10T29/53Means to assemble or disassemble
    • Y10T29/5313Means to assemble electrical device
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00Metal working
    • Y10T29/53Means to assemble or disassemble
    • Y10T29/5313Means to assemble electrical device
    • Y10T29/53135Storage cell or battery
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00Metal working
    • Y10T29/53Means to assemble or disassemble
    • Y10T29/53274Means to disassemble electrical device
    • Y10T29/53278Storage cell or battery

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Arrangement Or Mounting Of Propulsion Units For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Vehicle Cleaning, Maintenance, Repair, Refitting, And Outriggers (AREA)

Abstract

提供一种电动巴士电池更换站。该更换站包括:更换站主体,具有电池更换单元,该电池更换单元用于移除放电后的电池并提供充电后的电池,其中电池更换单元被设计成与设置在电动巴士的顶部的电池更换口连接;成像单元,用于拍摄电动巴士向更换站主体移动以更换放电后的电池时的图像;驶入过程存储单元,用于存储所需要的驶入过程信息,从而电动巴士被精确定位在电池更换单元下方;驶入信息输出单元,用于将电动巴士从成像单元拍摄的图片中获取的驶入状态与存储在驶入过程存储单元中的驶入信息进行比较,并输出驶入信息用于修正电动巴士的驶入状态使其等于驶入过程信息;以及驶入信息提供单元,用于向电动巴士提供由驶入信息输出单元输出的信息。

Description

电动巴士电池更换站
相关申请
本申请根据35U.S.C.§119要求2012年1月31日递交的韩国专利申请10-2012-0010069的韩国专利申请的优先权,其内容结合在此作为参考。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种电动巴士电池更换站,并且特别地,涉及一种能够将放电后的电池更换为充满电的电池的电动巴士电池更换站。
背景技术
电动巴士是指由电能提供动力的巴士。相对于现有的使用石化燃料的汽车而言,电动巴士具有对生态环境友好的特性,其不排放有害气体。因此,对于电动巴士的研究和商品化正进一步加速。
例如,自2010年开始首尔市已经启动世界上第一辆电动巴士,并且正计划推广电动巴士直到2014年。
目前正在商品化的电动巴士一次充电具有很少的续航里程,所以不可避免地这些巴士需要多次停靠电池更换站以获得电能。但是,停靠电池更换站给乘客带来不便,因为以目前的技术而言需要花30分钟来对电池充电。因此,电动巴士被迫于执行短途,从而不需要停靠电池更换站,或者仅执行平坦的路线。
为了解决上述问题,本申请人已经提出了一种电池更换系统,其以预充电的电池来更换放电后的电池。例如,韩国专利申请2011-32024、2011-34994、2011-52913等目前正在韩国专利局待审批。根据所提出的技术,电池通过设置在电动巴士顶部的开口而被迅速地更换,从而电池更换能够在登车的停留时间期间完成。因此,不需要等待电池更换,并且电动巴士能够更有效地运行而不需要考虑路线的长度。
如前所述,当电池被通过设置在电动巴士顶部的用于更换电池的开口而更换时,有必要使得电动巴士定位于与位于上方的更换点相匹配的精确位置,从而能够在很短时间更换电池。
因此,本申请人提出一种电池更换站,其能引导电动巴士以使得电动巴士精确地定位在与更换点相匹配的位置,而不需要任何装置干扰路线。
发明内容
本发明是基于上面的描述而发明的,并且本发明的一个实施方式是提供一种电动巴士电池更换站,该电池更换站引导电动巴士使得电动巴士精确地定位在与更换点匹配的位置,而不需要任何装置干扰路线,从而降低了电池更换的时间。
为了实现本发明的实施方式,提供一种电动巴士电池更换站,包括:更换站主体,具有电池更换单元,该电池更换单元用于移除放电后的电池并提供充电后的电池,其中所述电池更换单元被设计成待与设置在电动巴士的顶部的电池更换口相连接;成像单元,用于拍摄电动巴士向所述更换站主体移动以更换放电后电池的图像;驶入过程存储单元,用于存储所需要的驶入过程信息,从而电动巴士被精确定位在电池更换单元的下方;驶入信息输出单元,用于将从由所述成像单元所拍摄的图像中获取的电动巴士的驶入状态与存储在所述驶入过程存储单元的驶入信息相比较,并输出驶入信息以修正电动巴士的驶入状态与所述驶入过程信息相等;以及驶入信息提供单元,用于将所述驶入信息输出单元输出的信息提供给电动巴士。
所述驶入过程信息可以包括关于驶入路线、驶入方向和每个区段(section)的速度的信息的至少一者。
所述电动巴士电池更换站还可以包括预订检查单元,用于确认电动巴士是否预订了电池更换,并且所述成像单元可以拍摄由所述预订检查单元确认的预订了电动巴士的图像。
所述更换站主体可以包括多个电池更换单元,并且所述更换站主体还可以包括更换位置分配单元,用于在所述多个电池更换单元中选择一个并将所选择的电池更换单元分配给电动巴士以作为更换电池的位置,并且所述驶入信息输出单元输出所述驶入信息,以用于将电动巴士定位于所选择的电池更换单元下方。
根据本发明的电动巴士更换站通过图像处理提供实时信息,该信息用于将驶入以更换电池的电动巴士导引到电池更换点,从而使得电动巴士能被精确地定位于电池更换点。
附图说明
如所附附图所示,从对本发明原理的优选实施方式的更为详细的描述中,本发明前面提到的以及其他特征和优点将更为明显,在不同的视图中相似的标记指代相同的部件。附图并不必须按照比例,而是为了强调说明本发明的原理。在附图中:
图1至图3是显示根据本发明的示例实施方式的电动巴士电池更换站的示意图;
图4是显示根据示例实施方式的电动巴士电池更换站的方框图;
图5显示了存储在驶入过程存储单元中的示例驶入过程信息;以及
图6至图8是解释由根据本发明的示例实施方式的驶入信息输出单元输出驶入信息的方法的示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将参考显示出一些实施方式的附图来更加全面地描述各种实施方式。本发明的思想可能以不同形式实施,并不应当被限制为所列出的实施方式。相反,向本领域技术人员提供这些实施方式是为了充分、完整的公开并且全面覆盖本发明的思想。在附图中,层和区域的大小和相对大小可能被放大以示清楚。
下面,本发明原理的特定实施方式将参考附图描述。
图1至图3是显示根据本发明的示例实施方式的电动巴士电池更换站100的示意图,图4是显示根据示例实施方式的电动巴士电池更换站100的方框图。
参考图1至图4,根据本发明的电动巴士电池更换站100包括:更换站主体10、成像单元20、驶入过程存储单元30、驶入信息输出单元40、驶入信息提供单元50、预订检查单元60以及更换位置分配单元70。
所述更换站主体10是其中执行更换操作的结构。当电动巴士驶入更换站主体10中时,更换站主体10将放电后的电池更换成充电后的电池。该更换站主体10包括电池更换单元11,用于更换电池。该电池更换单元11与位于电动巴士顶部的电池更换口相连接,并且通过该更换口将放电后的电池更换为充电后的电池。为了实现此点,电池更换单元11被设计成能与位于电动巴士顶部的口连接,并且包括用于电池的移除或安装的电池更换机械手(未示出)。该更换站主体10可以包括多个电池更换单元11,通过同时为若干电动巴士提供充电后的电池从而有助于节约时间。
对该更换站主体10的结构或形状并不限制。该更换站主体10可以具有多种结构或形状,只要更换站主体10能够使得电动巴士方便地驶入或驶出并且能够执行电池更换操作。根据该示例实施方式,如图1至图4所示,所述更换站主体10被配置成具有与路面垂直的垂直主体以及从该垂直主体的顶部延伸到路面的水平主体。因此,即使在恶劣天气下,该更换站主体10也能够更换电池。
所述成像单元20用于对驶入更换站主体10的电动巴士拍摄图像以用于电池更换。为了实现此点,该成像单元20包括摄像头,各种类型的摄像头均可以使用以用于拍摄图像。例如,可以使用CCD或CMOS摄像头。当电动巴士驶入更换站主体10时,该成像单元20获取电动巴士的图像。该成像单元20可以仅包括一个摄像头,也可以包括多个摄像头。这些摄像头设置在每个区段,从而摄像头能够拍摄电动巴士经过每个区段的图像。
由成像单元20所拍摄的图像被用作标准以分析电动巴士的前进,并且将该信息输出以用于将电动巴士导引到电池更换单元11下方的精确位置。为了实现此点,成像单元20的摄像头位于能够拍摄到驶入方向、电动车的驶入点等的图像的位置,并且被配置成能够改变角度从而以不同角度或方向拍摄图像。
所述驶入过程存储单元30存储驶入过程信息,该信息是电动巴士精确定位于电池更换单元11下方所需要的。所述驶入过程信息是指电动巴士到达电池更换单元11的过程中所需要的过程信息。下面,将详细地解释驶入过程信息。
图5显示了存储在驶入过程存储单元30中的示例驶入过程信息。
参考图5,该驶入过程信息包括关于驶入路线、驶入方向和每个区段的速度的信息。关于驶入路线a的信息是从电动巴士的驶入起点到电池更换单元11下方的精确点的路线。驶入过程存储单元30根据电动巴士的驶入点存储每个驶入路线a,驶入路线a用于使得电动巴士位于电池更换单元11下方的精确点。
驶入点b是电动巴士基于驶入路线的相对位置。例如,驶入过程存储单元30可以存储关于电动巴士的位置信息作为驶入点b,其为当电动巴士位于驶入路线中心的电动巴士的位置。
驶入方向c为电动巴士的方向,该方向指示电动巴士是否径直接近电池更换单元11,换句话说,电动巴士是否转向。每个区段的速度d指示当根据距离电池更换单元11的距离将驶入路线a分成均匀区段时在每个区段的电动巴士的推荐速度。每个区段的速度d提供关于减速的信息,其能够使得电动巴士精确停靠在电池更换单元11的下方。例如,如图5所示,每个区段的速度应该随着电池更换单元11越来越近而降低。
在更换站主体10具有多个电池更换单元11的情况下,驶入过程存储单元30存储关于每个电池更换单元11的驶入过程信息。因为每个电池更换单元11的位置彼此不同,所以驶入过程信息可以借助每个电池更换单元11的位置而被单独确定。
所述驶入信息输出单元40将驶入更换站主体10的电动巴士的驶入状态与存储在驶入过程存储单元30中的驶入过程信息相比较。电动巴士的驶入状态是从成像单元20所拍摄的图像中获得的。然后,驶入信息输出单元40将驶入信息输出用于修正电动巴士的驶入状态,使得电动巴士的驶入状态与驶入过程信息相等。接下来,参考图6至图6,解释由根据本发明的示例实施方式的驶入信息输出单元40输出驶入信息的方法。
图6至图8是解释由根据本发明的示例实施方式的驶入信息输出单元40输出驶入信息的方法的示意图。此外,存储在驶入过程存储单元30中的驶入过程信息以虚线显示以与以实线显示的当前驶入状态比较。
参考图6至图8,驶入信息输出单元40通过分析由成像单元20拍摄的图像而获取电动巴士驶入的开始点,并基于存储在驶入过程存储单元30中的信息输出对应于该点的驶入路线。当电动巴士面向电池更换单元11移动时,驶入信息输出单元40依次将基于成像单元20所拍摄的图像的电动巴士的当前驶入点b、驶入方向c和每个区段的速度d与存储在驶入过程存储单元30中的信息进行比较。在比较的结果为不匹配的情况下,驶入信息输出单元40输出该信息用于修正当前驶入状态,以使其等于驶入过程存储单元30中所存储的信息。
例如,在驶入点b彼此不匹配的情况下,驶入信息输出单元40会找出驶入点b在向右和向左方向上的不匹配的程度,并输出电动巴士应该移动的距离和方向以使得彼此匹配。在驶入方向c或者每个区段的速度d彼此不匹配的情况下,驶入信息输出单元40分别输出电动巴士应该转弯的方向和角度以及电动巴士应该减速的速度。
再次参考图1至图4,驶入信息提供单元50向电动巴士提供驶入信息输出单元40输出的信息,从而电动巴士可以基于所提供的信息来修正驶入状态。为了实现此点,驶入信息提供单元50包括无线通信装置。可以使用各种无线通信的方法作为该无线通信装置,包括CDMA。所提供的驶入信息可以被显示在位于电动巴士的显示屏上。
根据本发明的示例实施方式的电动巴士更换站100还可以包括预订检查单元60,从而仅当预订了电池更换的电动巴士驶入更换站主体10时,电动巴士电池更换站100才拍摄电动巴士的图像并提供信息以引导电动巴士。也就是说,当检测到电动巴士的驶入时,预订检查单元60传输一信号给电动巴士以检查该电动巴士是否已经预订了电池更换,并且从该电动巴士接收作为响应的信号。仅当确认了电动巴士已经预订了时,才操作成像单元20和驶入信息输出单元40,从而降低了通信负荷和功率消耗。
在更换站主体10包括多个电池更换单元11的情况下,更换位置分配单元70从多个电池更换单元11中选择一个并将所选择的电池更换单元11分配给电动巴士作为更换电池的位置。为了实现此点,更换站主体10存储关于电池更换单元11的电池更换状态的信息,其有助于减少电池更换的等待时间,并通过相对来说便于接入地分配电池更换单元11而使得电动巴士电池更换站100有效地管理。此外,在预先分配的电池更换单元11需要改变时,更换位置分配单元70可以重新分配电池更换单元11。
所述驶入信息输出单元40输出驶入信息以将电动巴士引导到由分配单元70所分配的电池更换单元11下方的精确点。为了实现此点,驶入信息输出单元40输出基于存储在驶入过程存储单元30中的驶入过程信息的驶入信息,其对应于所分配的电池更换单元11。
前面介绍的仅是根据本发明的电动巴士电池更换站100的示例性实施方式。本发明并不限制于上述示例实施方式。对于本领域普通技术人员而言,可以很容易做出各种改变和修改,而不脱离如所附权利要求中限定的本发明的基本原理和范围。

Claims (3)

1.一种电动巴士电池更换站,包括:
更换站主体,该更换站主体具有电池更换单元,该电池更换单元用于移除放电后的电池并提供充电后的电池,其中所述电池更换单元被设计成与设置在电动巴士的顶部的电池更换口连接;
成像单元,用于拍摄电动巴士向所述更换站主体移动以更换放电后的电池时的图像;
驶入过程存储单元,用于存储所需要的驶入过程信息,从而所述电动巴士被精确定位在所述电池更换单元下方;
驶入信息输出单元,用于将所述电动巴士从所述成像单元拍摄的图片中获取的驶入状态与存储在所述驶入过程存储单元中的驶入信息进行比较,并输出驶入信息用于修正所述电动巴士的驶入状态使其等于所述驶入过程信息;以及
驶入信息提供单元,用于向所述电动巴士提供由所述驶入信息输出单元输出的信息,
其中所述驶入过程信息包括以下信息中的至少一者:驶入路线、驶入点、驶入方向和每个区段的速度,
其中所述驶入信息包括以下信息中的至少一者:距离信息、方向信息、角度信息和速度信息。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电动巴士电池更换站,还包括:预订检查单元,用于确定所述电动巴士是否预订了电池更换,并且其中所述成像单元拍摄由所述预订检查单元确认有预订的电动巴士的图像。
3.根据权利要求1所述的电动巴士电池更换站,其中所述更换站主体包括多个电池更换单元,并且该更换站还包括更换位置分配单元,用于在所述多个电池更换单元之中选择一个电池更换单元并将所选择的电池更换单元分配给所述电动巴士以作为更换电池的位置;
并且其中所述驶入信息输出单元输出所述驶入信息,用于将所述电动巴士定位于所选择的电池更换单元的下方。
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