CN103210531A - Battery electrode and manufacturing method thereof, non-aqueous electrolyte battery, battery pack, and active material - Google Patents

Battery electrode and manufacturing method thereof, non-aqueous electrolyte battery, battery pack, and active material Download PDF

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CN103210531A
CN103210531A CN2012800036498A CN201280003649A CN103210531A CN 103210531 A CN103210531 A CN 103210531A CN 2012800036498 A CN2012800036498 A CN 2012800036498A CN 201280003649 A CN201280003649 A CN 201280003649A CN 103210531 A CN103210531 A CN 103210531A
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active material
alkaline polymer
particle
electrode
lto
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CN103210531B (en
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山本大
岩崎拓哉
原田康宏
稻垣浩贵
佐竹秀喜
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Toshiba Corp
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Toshiba Corp
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
    • H01M4/0402—Methods of deposition of the material
    • H01M4/0404—Methods of deposition of the material by coating on electrode collectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
    • H01M4/1391—Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/362—Composites
    • H01M4/366—Composites as layered products
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
    • H01M4/485—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • H01M4/621—Binders
    • H01M4/622—Binders being polymers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)

Abstract

Provided is a battery electrode which, in one embodiment, contains a collector and an active material layer provided on the collector. The active material layer contains a basic polymer and particles of a lithium titanate compound having a spinel structure. Here, the basic polymer covers at least one part of the surface of the lithium titanate compound particles.

Description

Electrode for cell and manufacture method thereof, nonaqueous electrolyte battery, power brick and active material
Technical field
Present embodiment relates to electrode for cell and manufacture method, nonaqueous electrolyte battery, power brick and active material.
Background technology
Use lithium-titanium composite oxide to have the advantage that stably to carry out fast charging and discharging as the nonaqueous electrolyte battery of active material.In addition, to compare the life-span as the battery of active material also long for such battery and carbon-based materials such as using graphite.But, use lithium-titanium composite oxide to compare as the battery of active material with using carbon-based material as the battery of active material, the gas that produces when discharging and recharging or when storing is more.Particularly, produce a large amount of gas at the use initial stage.In addition, at high temperature also produce a large amount of gas during storage batteries.If produce a large amount of gas then cell expansion.Thus, the problem that rises cycle characteristics is descended because of internal resistance is arranged.
The prior art document
Patent documentation
Patent documentation 1: TOHKEMY 2005-317512 communique
Patent documentation 2: TOHKEMY 2008-91326 communique
Patent documentation 3: TOHKEMY 2010-192403 communique
Non-patent literature
Non-patent literature 1:K.Zaghib, M.Simoneau, M.Armand, and M.Gautheir, Journal of Power Sources81-82300(1999)
Summary of the invention
The problem that invention will solve
Even the invention provides a kind of electrode for cell that uses in also non-bloating, the nonaqueous electrolyte battery with good cycle characteristics and this battery and active material of manufacture method and power brick and use thereof thereof of at high temperature storing.
Be used for solving the means of problem
According to an execution mode, can provide the electrode for cell that comprises collector body and be located at the active material layer on the collector body.Active material layer comprises particle and the alkaline polymer of the lithium titanate compound with spinel structure.Wherein, alkaline polymer covers at least a portion on lithium titanate compound particles surface.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the electrode manufacturing method in the 1st method of the 2nd execution mode.
The schematic diagram of contained particle in Fig. 2 electrode that to be expression make by the flow process of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is the flow chart of the electrode manufacturing method in the 2nd method of the 2nd execution mode.
The schematic diagram of contained particle in Fig. 4 electrode that to be expression make by the flow process of Fig. 3.
Fig. 5 is the cutaway view of the platypelloid type nonaqueous electrolyte battery of the 3rd execution mode.
Fig. 6 is the amplification view of the A portion of Fig. 5.
Fig. 7 is the exploded perspective view of the power brick of the 4th execution mode.
Fig. 8 is the calcspar of circuit of the power brick of presentation graphs 7.
Embodiment
Have the lithium titanate compound (hereinafter referred to as " LTO ") of spinel structure when battery has been carried out discharging and recharging, size and the structure of lattice change hardly.Therefore, use the battery of LTO to have very high cyclical stability.In addition, during because of some accident short circuit, short position forms discharge condition rapidly, and resistance is increased at battery.Consequently, can prevent that a large amount of electric currents from flowing.Thereby, can prevent the abnormal heating of battery.Explanation thus uses LTO to have good cyclical stability and fail safe as the battery of active material.
But, use LTO particularly to produce a large amount of gas at the use initial stage as the battery of active material.Think that its reason is because LTO has hydroxyl (OH-) and hydroxyl radical free radical solid acid points (acid site is also referred to as acid sites) such as (OH).In LTO, can there be isolated OH or the OH of more weak ground hydrogen bonding accordingly with these solid acid points.It is believed that these OH become hydrogen source and produce hydrogen.In addition, think and produced hydrogen by solid acid point reduction because of the water of sneaking in battery micro-ly.It is more that LTO and graphite based material are compared adsorbed water.Therefore, think and use the battery of LTO to produce a large amount of hydrogen.
Usually, electrode material at high temperature is dried and is manufactured under dry environment.But, be difficult to remove fully adsorbed water.Moisture can be sneaked in the assembling procedure of the manufacturing process of raw material or battery.Thereby from the viewpoint of raw-material character and cost, it is difficult that chemistry is removed fully.On the other hand, when the OH that removes the LTO surface by dehydration or adsorbed water, need carry out the heating more than 300 ℃.From the stable on heating viewpoint of other component parts of battery, not preferably after the battery manufacturing with heat more than 300 ℃, drying.Thereby, remove fully adsorbed water, and the generation that suppresses hydrogen thus fully be difficult.
Thereby, use the battery of LTO to produce a large amount of hydrogen.The generation of hydrogen particularly is significant under high-temperature storage.When having produced hydrogen in a large number, cell expansion, cycle characteristics descends.
Therefore, present inventors by in active material layer, containing alkaline polymer with at least a portion neutralization of the solid acid point of LTO.Thus, can suppress the influence of solid acid point, suppress gas and produce.In addition, can improve cycle characteristics.
Below, describe with reference to electrode, its manufacture method, the nonaqueous electrolyte battery that uses this electrode, power brick and the active material of accompanying drawing to each execution mode.Have, for the general formation mark same-sign in the execution mode, and the repetitive description thereof will be omitted again.
(the 1st execution mode)
The electrode for cell of the 1st execution mode comprises collector body and the active material layer that is located on the collector body.Active material layer contains particle and the alkaline polymer of LTO.Alkaline polymer covers at least a portion of the particle surface of LTO.LTO can use formula Li xTi yO 12(3≤x≤8,4≤y≤6) expression.
In active material layer, at least a portion of the particle surface of LTO is covered by alkaline polymer.Thus, the solid acid on the surface of LTO point is neutralized, and isolated OH or the influence of hydrogen bond weaken.Consequently, can remove moisture by in the temperature range that does not influence battery, carrying out drying.Therefore, can suppress gas produces.In addition, also can suppress tunicle and form, also can suppress resistance thus increases.Thereby, can improve the storage characteristics of battery.In addition, by making the solid acid point deactivation of LTO, the irreversible capacity of battery reduces, and also can improve efficiency for charge-discharge.
The particle of LTO can be primary particle, also can be the offspring that the primary particle aggegation forms.In order to reduce specific area, be preferably the shape of offspring.When offspring, electrode manufacturing stability of slurry height.In addition, little with the contact area of electrolyte, therefore can suppress the reaction with electrolyte.
For the state that at least a portion of the particle surface of LTO is covered by alkaline polymer, for example be included at least a portion on surface of the primary particle of LTO and any one or the two in the offspring bonding and/or adhere to alkaline polymer.Perhaps, also be included in the state of impregnation alkaline polymer in the hole of LTO particle.The thickness that is attached to the alkaline polymer on the LTO is preferably and conductivity is descended and does not hinder the embedding of Li and take off the degree of embedding.
Exist the situation of alkaline polymer to confirm by measuring electrode surface with IR assay method or Raman assay method in the active material layer.In addition, the situation of alkaline polymer covering LTO can be confirmed by transmission electron microscope (TEM) or scanning electron microscope (SEM).
Have, the solid acid point that does not need LTO is had all neutralizes again, as long as at least a portion neutralization just can.
Alkaline polymer can be conductivity, also can be non-conductive.Alkaline polymer is with respect to the gross mass of LTO contained in the active material layer, preferably with more than the 0.01 quality % and the ratio below the 10 quality % contain.Here, the gross mass of so-called LTO has referred to remove the quality that is attached to the alkaline polymer on the LTO particle and the value that obtains.By containing the alkaline polymer more than the 0.01 quality %, in accessing and the effect of solid acid point.On the other hand, be defined as below the 10 quality % by the content with alkaline polymer, can prevent the decline of the conductivity of electrode body.
The content of the alkaline polymer in the active material layer can use effluent gases analytic approach (EGA) and utilize pyrolysis gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) of double-clicking combination (double shot) method to measure.Perhaps, can measure by various Instrumental Analysis such as organic element analysis devices.
Alkaline polymer is not limited thereto, and has more than 100 and the polymer of the molecular weight below 100000 but be preferably.The alkaline polymer of molecular weight more than 100 has intensity and the caking property of the lattice dimensions variation that can resist the active material when discharging and recharging.The alkaline polymer of molecular weight below 100000 do not hinder lithium ion conductive and the electron conduction of active material.More preferably have more than 500 and the alkaline polymer of the molecular weight below 5000.
Can use amines as alkaline polymer.Amines is not limited thereto, but is preferably nitrogenous heteroaromatic compound.By using nitrogenous heteroaromatic compound can access high coverage effect.Nitrogenous heteroaromatic compound can use a kind of compound separately, also can be used in combination compound more than 2 kinds.
Example as preferred nitrogenous heteroaromatic compound, comprise quinoline, isoquinolin, acridine, phenanthridines, phenanthroline, acetylpyridine, phenylpyridine, 2,6-, two-tert-butyl group-4-picoline, pyridazine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, cinnolines, phthalazines, the quinazoline quinoxaline, the methyl pyridazine, the acetyl pyridazine, the phenyl pyridazine, methylpyrimidine, the acetyl pyrimidine, phenyl pyrimidine, methylpyrazine, acetylpyrazine, phenylpyridine, triazine, phentriazine, the methyl triazine, the acetyl triazine, the phenyl triazine, tetrazine, the methyl tetrazine, the acetyl tetrazine, the phenyl tetrazine, the pyrroles, methylpyrrole, vinyl pyrrole, methylpyrrole, acetyl pyrrole, phenylpyrrole, indoles, methyl indol, carbazole, methyl carbazole oxazole, thiazole isoxazole benzoxazole, benzoisoxazole, anthroxan, benzothiazole, benzisothiazole, imidazoles, pyrazoles oxadiazole, thiadiazoles oxadiazole, the N-methylimidazole, the N-phenylimidazole, the N-vinyl imidazole, the N-acetyl imidazole, benzimidazole, different indazole, indazole and benzo furazan.
The such imidazole salts of polybenzimidazoles is high preferred because of polymer strength.In addition, the such pyridine based compound of polyvinylpyridine is high preferred because of the effect that suppresses solid acid.
Active material layer preferably further contains at least a kind in cellulose ether compound and the copolymer rubber.Can use cellulose ether compound and copolymer rubber as binding agent.Also can use cellulose ether compound as the thickener of binding agent.
Cellulose ether compound and copolymer rubber have the character that covers particle.Thereby, in active material, when in cellulose ether compound and the copolymer rubber at least a kind further exists with LTO and alkaline polymer, can obtain higher coverage effect by the cooperative effect with alkaline polymer.Consequently, the solid acid by further reduction LTO can further suppress moisture to the absorption of LTO.
A little less than the cellulose ether compound opposing acidity.Therefore, decomposed by solid acid easily.So, be difficult to as the material that covers LTO.But according to present embodiment, the solid acid of LTO can be neutralized by alkaline polymer.Therefore, can use cellulose ether compound as the material that covers LTO.
Cellulose ether compound and copolymer rubber also can use separately, but more preferably use the two.The viscosity of copolymer rubber is low, exists with the state that is dispersed in the solvent., by adding cellulose ether compound with copolymer rubber, viscosity is increased.Thus, can improve the effect that covers LTO.Consequently, can further improve the effect that suppresses solid acid.
In addition, cellulose ether compound and copolymer rubber also play a role as binding agent.Therefore, can improve the caking property of active material layer.As mentioned above, cellulose ether compound and copolymer rubber have the character that covers particle.Therefore, in active material layer, cover the particle of active material or conductive agent.Thereby in active material layer, particle is bonded together by the face contact each other.Thus, can improve the viscoplasticity of active material layer.Consequently, can improve the patience to change in volume of active material layer.Thereby, can suppress the distortion of electrode.In addition, can suppress active material layer peeling off on the collector foil.
So, by in active material layer, containing at least a kind that is selected from cellulose ether compound and the copolymer rubber, can suppress active material and electrolytical reaction.In addition, also can suppress peeling off of active material layer.Therefore, can further improve the cycle characteristics of battery.
As the example of preferred cellulose ether compound, comprise the alkali metal salt of the above-mentioned cellulosic cpd that carboxymethyl cellulose, carboxyethyl cellulose and hydroxyethylcellulose and lithium salts, sodium salt and sylvite are such and the ammonium salt of above-mentioned cellulosic cpd.
As the example of preferred copolymer rubber, comprise styrene-conjugated diene copolymer that BS rubber is such; Acrylonitrile-conjugated diene copolymer rubber that acrylonitrile-butadiene copolymer rubber is such; The silicon rubber that polysiloxane is such; The polymer of alkyl acrylate; The acrylate rubber that is obtained by the copolymerization of alkyl acrylate and ethylenic unsaturated carboxylic acid or other ethylenically unsaturated monomers; The fluorubber that vinylidene fluoride copolymers rubber is such.
In the present embodiment, the particle diameter of LTO or BET specific area have no particular limits.No matter be the LTO with what kind of particle diameter or specific area, can both obtain same effect.
Cellulose ether compound is preferably with respect to the gross mass of LTO contained in the active material layer, contains with the ratio of 0.5 quality %～5 quality %.Here, the gross mass of so-called LTO has referred to remove the quality of the alkaline polymer that adheres to and the value that obtains.By containing more than the 0.5 quality %, while slurry thickening is stably covered particle surface.On the other hand, by containing with the content below the 5 quality %, can prevent the electron conduction that too much caused by overlay capacity and the decline of ionic conductivity.
Copolymer rubber is preferably with respect to the gross mass of LTO contained in the active material layer, contains with the ratio of 0.5 quality %～10 quality %.Here, the gross mass of so-called LTO has referred to remove the quality of the alkaline polymer that adheres to and the value that obtains.By in active material layer, containing more than the 0.5 quality %, can guarantee and the caking property of collector body, obtain good cycle characteristics.
On the other hand, by in active material layer, containing with the content below the 10 quality %, can keep electron conduction and ionic conductivity, guarantee the flowability of electrode slurry simultaneously.Thereby, can easily slurry be coated on the collector body.
The existence of the cellulose ether compound in the active material layer can be confirmed by observing electrode surface with scanning electron microscope or transmission electron microscope.
The content of the cellulose ether compound in the active material layer can use effluent gases analytic approach (EGA) and utilize the thermal decomposition GC/MS that double-clicks combined method to measure.Perhaps, can measure by various Instrumental Analysis such as organic element analysis devices.
The existence of the copolymer rubber in the active material layer can be confirmed by observing electrode surface with scanning electron microscope or transmission electron microscope.
The content of the copolymer rubber in the active material layer can use effluent gases analytic approach (EGA) and utilize the thermal decomposition GC/MS that double-clicks combined method to measure.Perhaps, can measure by various Instrumental Analysis such as organic element analysis devices.
According to above execution mode, can be provided for having realized improving the electrode of the battery of storage characteristics and cycle characteristics.
(the 2nd execution mode)
Then, the manufacture method to the electrode of the 1st execution mode describes.This manufacture method comprises by coating sizing-agent on the collector body surface and carries out the operation that drying forms active material layer.
＜the 1 method＞
As the 1st method, the method for with alkaline polymer the LTO particle being handled in advance and use LTO particle after this processing to make electrode is described.
The 1st manufacture method comprises: is dispersed in the solution that contains alkaline polymer by the particle with LTO, thus the operation of modulation dispersion liquid; The particle of LTO by will being attached with alkaline polymer separates from dispersion liquid and carries out drying, thus the operation of the particle of the LTO that at least a portion that obtains the surface is covered by alkaline polymer; And modulation contains the operation of slurry of the particle of the LTO that at least a portion on surface covered by alkaline polymer.
The flow process of the 1st method example shown in Fig. 1.In the example of Fig. 1, be dispersed in by the powder with LTO and modulate dispersion liquid (S21) in the alkaline polymer solution.At this moment, in order to promote the impregnation of alkaline polymer solution in the hole of the particle of LTO, also can reduce pressure to dispersion liquid.
Then, filter dispersion liquid, separate particles, the drying (S22) of the LTO that will be covered by alkaline polymer.Thus, obtain the particle of the LTO that at least a portion on surface covered by alkaline polymer.Drying can be heat drying.Heating-up temperature is different because of the difference of the kind of alkaline polymer, but is preferably 60～400 ℃ scope, for example can be defined as about 350 ℃.
Have again, in the LTO that is covered by alkaline polymer, preferred alkaline polymer with respect to the gross mass of LTO with more than the 0.01 quality % and the ratio below the 10 quality % contain.During alkaline polymer more than containing 0.01 quality %, in accessing and the effect of solid acid point.According to the 1st method, by covering the LTO particle with alkaline polymer in advance, can make the major part that is present in the alkaline polymer in the active material layer be present in the surface of LTO particle.Therefore, the content of alkaline polymer can be set in below the 10 quality %.The concentration of used alkaline polymer solution changes the content of alkaline polymer in the time of can modulating dispersion liquid by adjustment.Perhaps, the condition when separating LTO by changing from dispersion liquid is adjusted the amount that is attached to the alkaline polymer solution on the LTO, also can change this content.
Then, will be mixed (S23) by LTO and the conductive agent that alkaline polymer covers.This mixture is added in the dispersion solvent of slurry modulation usefulness modulation dispersion liquid (S24).Interpolation, cellulose mixture ether compound (S25) in this dispersion liquid.In addition, by interpolation, mixed copolymer rubber (S26), obtain electrode modulation slurry (S27).
The slurry that so obtains is coated on the one or both sides of the collector body that is constituted by metal forming, carries out drying, form active material layer thus.Then, by active material layer is pressurizeed with collector body, can access electrode.
The sectional schematic diagram of the LTO particle in the active material layer of making by the 1st method shown in Fig. 2.As shown in Figure 2, the offspring 5 of LTO is covered by alkaline polymer layer 6, and in addition, this alkaline polymer layer 6 is covered by the mixed layer 7 of binding agent such as cellulose ether compound and copolymer rubber and conductive agent.
Have again, in the example of Fig. 1, used cellulose ether compound and copolymer rubber the two, but also can only use wherein any one or also can neither use.In addition, also can substitute them and use other binding agent.
＜the 2 method＞
Then, as the 2nd method, the method for making electrode to using LTO and alkaline polymer separately respectively describes.
The 2nd manufacture method comprises: be dispersed in the operation of modulating dispersion liquid in the solution that contains alkaline polymer and the operation of using this dispersion liquid to modulate slurry by the particle that makes LTO.
The flow process of the 2nd method example shown in Fig. 3.In the example of Fig. 3, the powder of LTO is mixed (S41) with conductive agent.Then, this mixture is dispersed in the alkaline polymer solution modulation dispersion liquid (S42).At this moment, in order to promote alkaline polymer solution to the intrapore impregnation of LTO, also can reduce pressure to dispersion liquid.
Then, interpolation, cellulose mixture ether compound (S43) in this dispersion liquid.Further interpolation, mixed copolymer rubber (S44).Thus, obtain electrode modulation slurry (S45).
Have again, when not using additive such as conductive agent or binding agent, the modulation of dispersion liquid can be omitted.
The slurry that so obtains is coated on the one or both sides of the collector body that is constituted by metal forming, and carries out drying, form active material layer thus.Then, by active material layer is pressurizeed with collector body, can access electrode.In the active material layer of so making, at least a portion of the particle surface of LTO is covered by alkaline polymer.
The sectional schematic diagram of the LTO particle in the active material layer made from the 2nd method shown in Fig. 4.As shown in Figure 4, the offspring 5 of LTO is covered by the mixed layer 8 of binding agents such as cellulose ether compound and copolymer rubber, conductive agent and alkaline polymer.
Have again, in the example of Fig. 3, use cellulose ether compound and copolymer rubber the two, but also can only use wherein any one or also can neither use.In addition, also can substitute them and use other binding agent.
In addition, in the 2nd method, in obtaining and the effect of the solid acid point of LTO, the content of alkaline polymer is preferably more than the 0.05 quality % with respect to the gross mass of LTO contained in the active material layer.Here, the gross mass of so-called LTO has referred to remove the quality of the alkaline polymer that adheres to and the value that obtains.The content of alkaline polymer can wait to adjust by the concentration of change alkaline polymer solution and the mixing ratio of this solution and LTO.
In the active material layer made from above manufacture method, there is alkaline polymer at least a portion on the LTO surface, and at least a portion of the solid acid point of LTO is neutralized.Thus, can the be inhibited electrode of absorption of LTO and moisture.
In addition, in the method for present embodiment, preferably use cellulose ether compound and/or copolymer rubber as binding agent.Because cellulose ether compound and copolymer rubber are dispersed in the water, so alternative organic solvent and make water make solvent with slurry as electrode.Thereby, have and can reduce cost and carrying capacity of environment, and advantage that can simplified apparatus.
According to above execution mode, can provide a kind of manufacture method of the electrode for the manufacture of the battery that has improved storage characteristics and cycle characteristics.
(the 3rd execution mode)
In the 3rd execution mode, provide a kind of and contain electrode in above-mentioned the 1st execution mode as negative pole, further contain the nonaqueous electrolyte battery of positive pole and nonaqueous electrolyte, barrier film and external packing component.
An example of rechargeable nonaqueous electrolytic battery shown in Fig. 5.Fig. 5 is the sectional schematic diagram of the rechargeable nonaqueous electrolytic battery 1 of platypelloid type.Fig. 6 is the amplification view of the A portion of Fig. 5.Have, each figure is that its shape and size, ratio etc. have difference with actual device for the schematic diagram of the explanation that promotes execution mode and its understanding again, but these design alterations that can suit with reference to the following description and technique known.
Nonaqueous electrolyte battery 1 possesses rolled electrode group 9.Rolled electrode group 9 is incorporated in the external packing component 10.In external packing component 10, also be filled with nonaqueous electrolyte (not shown).
Rolled electrode group 9 is made of negative pole 11, barrier film 12 and anodal 13 as shown in Figure 6.To be wound into vortex shape with the sandwich that negative pole 11, barrier film 12, positive pole 13, the sequential cascade of barrier film 12 form, carry out press molding, form rolled electrode group 9 thus.
As shown in Figure 5, near the outer circumference end of rolled electrode group 9, negative terminal 14 is connected with negative pole 11, and positive terminal 15 is connected with anodal 13.
External packing component 3 can use laminated film outer packaging bag processed.The peristome of the state heat-sealing laminated film outer packaging bag processed by stretching out with negative terminal 14 and positive terminal 15, rolled electrode group 9 and nonaqueous electrolyte are sealed.
＜negative pole＞
As shown in Figure 6, negative pole 11 possesses negative electrode collector 11a and negative electrode active material layer 11b.Conductive agent and binding agent that negative electrode active material layer 11b comprises negative electrode active material and adds arbitrarily.Negative electrode active material layer 11b is arranged on the one or both sides of negative electrode collector 11a.
As negative pole 11, can use the electrode of the 1st execution mode.In such negative pole, the solid acid of LTO point is neutralized, isolated minimizings such as OH.Thereby, use the nonaqueous electrolyte battery of such negative pole can suppress the gas generation, have good cycle characteristics.
Negative electrode active material layer preferably further contains at least a kind in cellulose ether compound and the copolymer rubber.More preferably contain cellulose ether compound and copolymer rubber the two.By contain them the two, can when improve covering the effect of particle surface, improve active material particle adaptation each other and the adaptation of collector foil and active material particle.Distortion and the peeling off of electrode of the electrode that the lattice change in volume of LTO that thus, can be when discharging and recharging causes are suppressed.Thereby, can improve cycle characteristics.
As negative electrode active material, also can use other active material with LTO.As the example of other active material, comprise nanotube/nanofiber type titanium dioxide TiO 2, the ramsdellite structure lithium titanate be Li 2Ti 3O 7, monoclinic titanium dioxide is TiO 2(B).These active materials because proportion etc. all approaches with LTO, mix easily and disperse, so can suitably use.
Conductive agent can improve the current collection performance of active material, suppresses the contact resistance with collector body.As the example of conductive agent, comprise carbonaceous things such as acetylene black, carbon black, graphite.
Binding agent is that the gap of the negative electrode active material that disperses for landfill cooperates, and active material and conductive agent are bonded together.As the example of binding agent, can use polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), Kynoar (PVdF).Even use these binding agents, also can access the effect of utilizing alkaline polymer to suppress solid acid.But, when in negative pole, containing cellulose ether compound or copolymer rubber, owing to they play a role as binding agent, so also can not use other binding agent.
In negative electrode active material layer, it is above and 96 mass parts are following, 0.01 mass parts is above and 5 mass parts are following, 2 mass parts are above and 30 mass parts are following, and 2 mass parts are above and below 20 mass parts that the content of preferred active material, alkaline polymer, conductive agent and binding agent is respectively 68 mass parts.
The effect of solid acid if the content of alkaline polymer more than 0.01 mass parts, then can be inhibited.If the content of conductive agent is more than 2 mass parts, then the current collection performance of negative electrode active material layer is good.In addition, if the content of binding agent more than 2 mass parts, then the caking property height of negative electrode active material layer and collector body can be expected good cycle characteristics.On the other hand, in order to ensure electron conduction and ionic conductivity, alkaline polymer is preferably below 5 mass parts.In addition, in order to make the nonaqueous electrolyte battery high capacity, conductive agent is preferably below 10 mass parts, and binding agent is preferably below 10 mass parts.
About negative electrode collector 11a, can use in the embedding of the lithium of negative electrode active material and take off the material of electrochemical stability under the embedding current potential.Negative electrode collector 11a is preferably by copper, nickel, stainless steel, aluminium or contain the aluminium alloy that is selected from more than one elements among Mg, Ti, Zn, Mn, Fe, Cu and the Si and make.The thickness of negative electrode collector 11a is preferably 5～20 μ m.Negative electrode collector 11a with such thickness can obtain intensity and the light-weighted balance of negative pole.
Negative terminal 14 for example can take off that material electrochemical stability and that have conductivity forms under the embedding current potential by embedding at the Li of negative electrode active material.Specifically, can or contain the aluminium alloy that is selected from more than one elements among Mg, Ti, Zn, Mn, Fe, Cu and the Si by copper, nickel, stainless steel, aluminium forms.As negative terminal 14, in order to reduce the contact resistance with negative electrode collector 11a, preferably by forming with negative electrode collector 11a identical materials.
Negative pole 11 can be by making of illustrating in above-mentioned the 2nd execution mode like that.By electrode slurry is coated on the collector body, and dry and form negative electrode active material layer, pressurize then, make negative pole 11 thus.Perhaps, also can make negative electrode active material layer, and it is formed on the collector body by active material, alkaline polymer, conductive agent and binding agent are formed graininess, make negative pole 11 thus.
＜anodal＞
As shown in Figure 6, anodal 13 possess positive electrode collector 13a and positive electrode active material layer 13b.Conductive agent and binding agent that positive electrode active material layer 13b contains positive active material and adds arbitrarily.Positive electrode active material layer 13b can be located on the one or both sides of positive electrode collector 13a.
As positive active material, for example can use oxide, sulfide or polymer.As the example of oxide and sulfide, comprise the manganese dioxide (MnO that embeds lithium 2), iron oxide, cupric oxide, nickel oxide, complex Li-Mn-oxide (Li for example xMn 2O 4Or Li xMnO 2), lithium nickel composite oxide (Li for example xNiO 2), lithium cobalt composite oxide (Li for example xCoO 2), lithium/nickel/cobalt composite oxide (LiNi for example 1-yCo yO2), lithium manganese cobalt composite oxide (Li for example xMn yCo 1-yO 2), have the li-mn-ni compound oxide (Li for example of spinel structure xMn 2-yNi yO 4), have the Lithium Phosphor Oxide (Li for example of olivine structural xFePO 4, Li xFe 1-yMn yPO 4, Li xCoPO 4), ferric sulfate ［ Fe 2(SO 4) 3, barium oxide (V for example 2O 5) and the lithium nickel cobalt manganese composite oxides.Here, 0＜x≤1,0＜y≤1.As active material, these compounds can use separately, perhaps also can be used in combination multiple compound.
As the example of polymer, comprise conductive polymer material or disulphide based polymer material that polyaniline and polypyrrole are such.
In addition, can also use sulphur (S) or fluorocarbons as positive active material.
As the example of preferred positive active material, comprise the complex Li-Mn-oxide (Li that cathode voltage is high xMn 2O 4), lithium nickel composite oxide (Li xNiO 2), lithium cobalt composite oxide (Li xCoO 2), lithium/nickel/cobalt composite oxide (LiNi 1-yCo yO 2), have the li-mn-ni compound oxide (Li of spinel structure xMn 2-yNi yO 4), lithium manganese cobalt composite oxide (Li xMn yCo 1-yO 2), LiFePO4 (Li xFePO 4) and the lithium nickel cobalt manganese composite oxides.Here, 0＜x≤1,0＜y≤1.
Using under the situation of normal temperature fuse salt as the nonaqueous electrolyte of battery, as the example of preferred active material, comprise LiFePO4, Li xVPO 4F(0≤x≤1), complex Li-Mn-oxide, lithium nickel composite oxide and lithium/nickel/cobalt composite oxide.These compounds are because reactive low with the normal temperature fuse salt, so can improve cycle characteristics.
The specific area of positive active material is preferably 0.1m 2Above and the 10m of/g 2Below/the g.Has 0.1m 2The positive active material of the specific area that/g is above can fully be guaranteed the clamped point of the embedding of lithium ion/take off.Has 10m 2The positive active material of the specific area that/g is following is handled on industrial production easily, and can guarantee the favorable charge-discharge cycle performance.
Binding agent is bonded together active material and collector body.As the example of binding agent, comprise that polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), Kynoar (PVdF), fluorine are rubber.
Conductive agent can improve current collection performance, and suppresses the contact resistance of active material and collector body, therefore can cooperate as required.As the example of conductive agent, comprise acetylene black, carbon black, the such carbonaceous thing of graphite.
In positive electrode active material layer, positive active material and binding agent preferably respectively with more than the 80 quality % and below the 98 quality %, more than the 2 quality % and the ratio below the 20 quality % cooperate.
Be amount more than the 2 quality % by making binding agent, can obtain sufficient pole strength.In addition, by making them below 20 quality %, can reduce the use level of the insulator of electrode, reduce internal resistance.
Adding under the situation of conductive agent, active material, binding agent and conductive agent preferably respectively with more than the 77 quality % and below the 95 quality %, more than the 2 quality % and below the 20 quality % and more than the 3 quality % and the ratio below the 15 quality % cooperate.Be amount more than the 3 quality % by making conductive agent, can bring into play above-mentioned effect.In addition, by making them below 15 quality %, can reduce the decomposition of the lip-deep nonaqueous electrolyte of anodal conductive agent under the high temperature preservation.
Positive electrode collector 13a is preferably aluminium foil or contains the alloy foil that is selected from more than one elements among Mg, Ti, Zn, Ni, Cr, Mn, Fe, Cu and the Si.The thickness of aluminium foil or alloy foil is preferably more than the 5 μ m and below the 20 μ m, more preferably below the 15 μ m.The purity of aluminium foil is preferably more than the 99 quality %.The content of transition metal such as contained iron, copper, nickel, chromium is preferably below the 1 quality % in aluminium foil or the alloy foil.
Positive terminal 15 for example can by with respect to the current potential of lithium ion metal more than 3V and below the 5V, more than the preferred 3.0V and the material that has electrical stability and conductivity in the scope below the 4.25V form.Specifically, can be formed by aluminium or the aluminium alloy that contains elements such as Mg, Ti, Zn, Ni, Cr, Mn, Fe, Cu, Si.For positive terminal 15, in order to reduce the contact resistance with positive electrode collector 13a, preferably by forming with positive electrode collector 13a identical materials.
For positive pole 13, for example be suspended in the appropriate solvent modulation slurry by the conductive agent with active material, binding agent and cooperation as required, this slurry is coated on the positive electrode collector, carry out drying and form positive electrode active material layer, implement pressurization then, make anodal 13 thus.Also can form graininess by the conductive agent with active material, binding agent and cooperation as required, make positive electrode active material layer, and it is formed on the collector body, make anodal 13 thus.
＜nonaqueous electrolyte＞
As nonaqueous electrolyte, can use aqueous nonaqueous electrolyte or gel nonaqueous electrolyte.Aqueous nonaqueous electrolyte can be by modulating electrolyte dissolution in organic solvent.The gel nonaqueous electrolyte can be modulated by making aqueous electrolyte and compoundization of macromolecular material.
Electrolytical concentration in the aqueous nonaqueous electrolyte is preferably the scope that 0.5mol/L is above and 2.5mol/L is following.
As electrolytical example, comprise lithium perchlorate (LiClO 4), lithium hexafluoro phosphate (LiPF 6), LiBF4 (LiBF 4), hexafluoroarsenate lithium (LiAsF 6), trifluoromethanesulfonic acid lithium (LiCF 3SO 3) and two (fluoroform sulphonyl) imines lithium ［ LiN(CF 3SO 2) 2Such lithium salts and their mixture.Even electrolyte is preferably under high potential also dysoxidizable electrolyte, more preferably LiPF 6
As representative examples of organic, comprise propylene carbonate (PC), ethylene carbonate (EC), the such cyclic carbonate of vinylene carbonate; Diethyl carbonate (DEC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), the such linear carbonate of methyl ethyl carbonate (MEC); Oxolane (THF), 2 methyltetrahydrofurans (2MeTHF), the such cyclic ether of dioxolane (DOX); Dimethoxy-ethane (DME), the such chain ether of diethoxyethane (DEE); Gamma-butyrolacton (GBL); Acetonitrile (AN); And sulfolane (SL).These organic solvents can use separately also can form the mixed solvent use.
As the example of macromolecular material, comprise Kynoar (PVdF), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO).
Perhaps, as nonaqueous electrolyte, also can use the normal temperature fuse salt (being ionic melt) that contains lithium ion, polymer solid electrolyte, inorganic solid electrolyte etc.
The normal temperature fuse salt refers in the organic salt that constitutes by organic substance cation and anion, the compound that can exist as liquid under normal temperature (for example 15～25 ℃).As the normal temperature fuse salt, comprise the normal temperature fuse salt that exists as liquid with monomer, by with electrolyte mix be liquid the normal temperature fuse salt, become the normal temperature of liquid fuse salt in the organic solvent by being dissolved in.The fusing point of the normal temperature fuse salt that generally, uses in the nonaqueous electrolyte battery is below 25 ℃.In addition, the organic substance cation generally has the quaternary ammonium skeleton.
Polymer solid electrolyte can pass through electrolyte dissolution in macromolecular material its solidification to be modulated.
Inorganic solid electrolyte is the solid matter with lithium-ion-conducting.
＜barrier film＞
As barrier film, for example can use the porous film that formed by polyethylene, polypropylene, cellulose and Kynoar materials such as (PVdF) or synthetic resin nonwoven fabrics processed etc.Wherein, the porous film that is formed by polyethylene or polypropylene melts at a certain temperature, can breaking current.So, from improving the viewpoint of fail safe, preferred such porous film.
＜external packing component＞
As external packing component 10, can use bag-like container or the metal container made of laminated film system.The thickness of laminated film is preferably below the 0.5mm, more preferably below the 0.2mm.The thickness that metal system is held is preferably below the 1mm, more preferably below the 0.5mm, more preferably below the 0.2mm.
As the shape of external packing component 10, can list platypelloid type (slim), square, cylinder type, Coin shape, button type etc.External packing component, according to battery size, for example can list the compact battery of lift-launch in mobile electronic apparatus etc. with external packing component, carry two take turns so that four-wheel automobile etc. in the large-sized battery external packing component.
About laminated film, can use the plural layers that between resin bed, clip metal level.For lightweight, the preferred aluminium foil of metal level or alloy foil.About resin bed, can use for example polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), nylon, PETG macromolecular materials such as (PET).Laminated film can be sealed to form the shape that shape is external packing component by heat fusing is bonding.
The metal container made can be by making such as aluminum or aluminum alloy.Aluminium alloy is preferably the alloy of elements such as containing magnesium, zinc, silicon.When in alloy, containing transition metal such as iron, copper, nickel, chromium, preferably make its content below 1 quality %.Thus, can improve long-term reliability, thermal diffusivity under the hot environment by leaps and bounds.
According to above execution mode, can provide the nonaqueous electrolyte battery that has improved storage characteristics and cycle characteristics.
(the 4th execution mode)
Then, describe with reference to the power brick of accompanying drawing to the 4th execution mode.Power brick has the nonaqueous electrolyte battery (monocell) of one or more above-mentioned the 3rd execution modes.When comprising a plurality of monocell, each monocell fetches configuration by being electrically connected in series or in parallel.
An example that comprises the power brick 40 of a plurality of platypelloid type batteries shown in Figure 5 shown in Fig. 7 and 8.Fig. 7 is the exploded perspective view of power brick 40.Fig. 8 is the calcspar of circuit of the power brick of presentation graphs 7.
A plurality of monocells 16 pass through with negative terminal 14 and the positive terminal 15 outstanding to the outside all stacked towards the mode of equidirectional, and bind with jointing tape 17, thereby constitute Battery pack 18.These monocells 16 in series are electrically connected as shown in Figure 8 mutually.
Printed wiring board 19 relatively disposes with monocell 16 sides that negative terminal 14 and positive terminal 15 are given prominence to.Printed wiring board 19 be equipped with thermistor 20, protective circuit 21 as shown in Figure 8 and to the energising of external equipment with terminal 22.Have, for fear of being connected with the wiring of Battery pack 18 is unwanted, the one side relative with Battery pack 18 at printed wiring board 19 is equipped with insulation board (not shown) again.
Side of the positive electrode lead-in wire 23 is connected on the undermost positive terminal 15 that is positioned at Battery pack 18, and its front end is inserted in the side of the positive electrode connector 24 of printed wiring board 19, and is electrically connected.Negative side lead-in wire 25 is connected on the negative terminal 14 of the superiors that are positioned at Battery pack 18, and its front end is inserted in the negative side connector 26 of printed wiring board 19, and is electrically connected.These connectors 24,26 are connected with protective circuit 21 by being formed on the wiring 27,28 on the printed wiring board 19.
Thermistor 20 is to use for the temperature that detects monocell 16.Its detection signal is sent to protective circuit 21.Protective circuit 21 can under defined terms, interdict protective circuit 21 and to the energising of external equipment with the wiring 29a of the side of the positive electrode between the terminal 22 and negative side wiring 29b.Defined terms for example refers to that the detected temperatures of thermistor 20 reaches set point of temperature when above.When in addition, defined terms refers to detect the overcharging of monocell 16, overdischarge, overcurrent etc.This detection of overcharging etc. is carried out or monocell 16 integral body is carried out each monocell 16.When detecting each monocell 16, can detect cell voltage, also can detect positive electrode potential or negative pole current potential.In the latter case, in each monocell 16, insert the lithium electrode that is used as reference electrode.Under the situation of Fig. 7 and Fig. 8, connect the wiring 30 that voltage detecting are used at monocell 16 respectively, by these wirings 30 detection signal is sent to protective circuit 21.
Three sides of the Battery pack 18 the side outstanding except positive terminal 15 and negative terminal 14 are prepared the screening glass 31 that is made of rubber or resin respectively.
Battery pack 18 is incorporated in the accommodating container 32 with each screening glass 31 and printed wiring board 19.That is to say, prepare screening glass 31 respectively at the both sides' of the long side direction of accommodating container 32 medial surface and the medial surface of short side direction respectively, at the medial surface preparation printed wiring board 19 of the opposition side of short side direction.Battery pack 18 is positioned at the space that protected 31 and printed wiring board 19 surrounds.Lid 33 is installed in the upper surface of accommodating container 32.
Have again, for fixing of Battery pack 18, also can substitute jointing tape 17 and the use shrink belt.In such cases, screening glass is configured in the two sides of Battery pack, after shrink belt is twined, by making the shrink belt thermal contraction Battery pack is tied up.
In Fig. 7, Fig. 8, the form that monocell 16 is connected in series is shown, but also can be connected in parallel in order to increase battery capacity.Perhaps, also can combined serial connect and be connected in parallel.Can also be with the power brick serial or parallel connection connection again that combines.
In addition, the form of power brick can be according to the suitable change of purposes.The power brick of present embodiment is suitable for requiring the purposes of cell excellent in cycle characteristics when taking out big electric current.Specifically, can be used as the power supply of digital camera or as for example two taking turns and even the hybrid vehicle, two of four-wheel is taken turns and even the vehicle mounted battery of the electric motor car of four-wheel and moped uses.Particularly, being suitable as the vehicle mounted battery uses.
According to above execution mode, can provide the power brick that has improved storage characteristics and cycle characteristics.
(the 5th execution mode)
In the 5th execution mode, provide the particle that comprises LTO and the active material of alkaline polymer that at least a portion of this particle surface is covered.
The LTO that at least a portion on surface is covered by alkaline polymer passes through the solid acid point on neutralization surface, and isolated OH or the influence power of hydrogen bond weaken.Consequently, in the manufacture process of battery, when removing moisture by drying, can promote removing of moisture.Thereby, can suppress the generation of gas, the decline of electrode performance, the rising of internal resistance and the deterioration of nonaqueous electrolyte.Thereby, can help to improve the cycle characteristics of battery.In addition, by making the solid acid point deactivation of LTO, can suppress the minimizing of the irreversible capacity of battery.Therefore, can improve efficiency for charge-discharge.
What the active material in the present embodiment was put down in writing in can the 1st method by above-mentioned the 2nd execution mode makes like that.That is to say, be dispersed in the alkaline polymer solution by the particle that makes LTO and modulate dispersion liquid, from this dispersion liquid, separate the particle of the LTO that is covered by alkaline polymer, can make active material thus.
According to above execution mode, can be provided for making the active material of the nonaqueous electrolyte battery that has improved storage characteristics and cycle characteristics.
Embodiment
Below, based on embodiment above-mentioned execution mode is described in detail.Have, the evaluation of the crystalline phase of LTO and the deduction of crystal structure are undertaken by using the Alpha-ray powder X-ray diffractometry of Cu-K again.In addition, use BET method measurement the specific area.In addition, utilize the ICP method that the composition of product is analyzed, confirm to obtain object.
＜embodiment 1＞
(making of negative pole)
Use LTO, make negative pole by step shown in Figure 1.At first, use N, N-dimethylacetylamide dilution polybenzimidazoles (PBI) solution obtains the solution that concentration is 20 quality %.In this solution, mix the LTO of 10g, stir then.The dispersion liquid of the white that obtains is filtered, and the separating solids composition makes its dry 2 hours under 140 ℃.Thus, obtain the LTO that covered by PBI.The content of PBI is 0.03 quality % with respect to the LTO before covering.
In the powder of the covering LTO that obtains, the acetylene black of mixing 10 quality % with respect to the gross mass of LTO is as conductive agent, with this mixture of aqueous dispersion.Have, the gross mass of so-called LTO has referred to remove the quality of the PBI that adheres to and the gross mass that obtains here again.In this dispersion liquid, add, mix the carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) of 2.5 quality % as thickener with respect to the gross mass (removing the quality of PBI) of LTO.Then, in this dispersion liquid, the BS rubber (SBR) that mixes 2.5 quality % with respect to the gross mass (removing the quality of PBI) of LTO obtains slurry as binding agent.Use scraper that this slurry is coated on the collector body that is made of aluminium foil.Under vacuum, with 130 ℃, be dried 12 hours, obtain negative pole.
(anodal making)
The stratiform rock salt cobalt acid lithium (LiCoO that mixes the powder of 85 mass parts 2) as the acetylene black of the graphite of positive active material, 5 mass parts and 5 mass parts as the PVdF of conductive agent, 5 mass parts as binding agent, the cathode agent that mixes is joined among the NMP, be coated on the collector body that the aluminium foil by thick 15 μ m constitutes, and carry out drying.Then, carry out pressurized treatments, make anodal.
(making of rechargeable nonaqueous electrolytic battery)
The positive pole made and negative pole are carried out stacked in the mode that clips barrier film, this sandwich is rolled into vortex shape with negative pole in the mode of outer circumferential side, make the electrode group.
As barrier film, use the barrier film that is formed by polyethylene porous film processed and cellulose.
Mixed in the mixed solvent of ethylene carbonate and diethyl carbonate with 1.0mol/l dissolving lithium hexafluoro phosphate, modulation nonaqueous electrolyte solution in the ratio of counting 1: 2 with volume ratio.
The electrode group of making and the non-aqueous electrolytic solution that modulates are accommodated in the container of aluminium lamination compacting the assembling rechargeable nonaqueous electrolytic battery.In addition, adjust positive pole and negative pole coating weight, so that the capacity of the integral body of the secondary cell that assembles reaches 1000mAh.
＜embodiment 2＞
As binding agent, replace SBR, use the Kynoar (PVDF) of 10 quality % with respect to the gross mass (removing the quality of PBI) of LTO, in addition, make rechargeable nonaqueous electrolytic battery similarly to Example 1.
＜embodiment 3＞
As binding agent, do not use CMC and SBR, use the PVDF of 10 quality % with respect to the gross mass (removing the quality of PBI) of LTO, in addition, make rechargeable nonaqueous electrolytic battery similarly to Example 1.
＜embodiment 4＞
Except not using CMC, make rechargeable nonaqueous electrolytic battery similarly to Example 1.
＜embodiment 5＞
Use LTO, make electrode by step shown in Figure 3, use this electrode to make rechargeable nonaqueous electrolytic battery.
At first, with respect to LTO, be that 10 quality % mix acetylene black as conductive agent by quality ratio.In addition, use N, N-dimethylacetylamide dilution PBI solution is made the solution that concentration is 20 quality %, obtains this solution.In said mixture, add this solution with respect to LTO with the ratio of 30 quality %, and stir.
In this mixture, with respect to the gross mass of LTO with the ratio mixed C MC of 2.5 quality % as thickener.In addition, mix SBR as binding agent with respect to the gross mass of LTO with the ratio of 2.5 quality %.In addition, mix acetylene black as conductive agent with respect to the gross mass of LTO with the ratio of 10 quality %, obtain slurry.Use this slurry, make electrode and rechargeable nonaqueous electrolytic battery similarly to Example 1.
＜comparative example 1＞
In LTO, as conductive agent, mix acetylene black with respect to the gross mass of LTO with the ratio of 10 quality %.By obtaining dispersion liquid with this mixture of aqueous dispersion.In this dispersion liquid, as thickener, with respect to the gross mass of LTO with the ratio of 2.5 quality % add, mixed C MC.Then, as binding agent, mix SBR with respect to the gross mass of LTO with the ratio of 2.5 quality %, obtain slurry.Use this slurry, make the electrode of alkali-free polymer.The manufacture method of electrode is identical with embodiment 1.Use this electrode, make rechargeable nonaqueous electrolytic battery similarly to Example 1.
＜comparative example 2＞
Except not using CMC, similarly make rechargeable nonaqueous electrolytic battery with comparative example 1.
＜comparative example 3＞
Do not use CMC and SBR, use PVDF as binding agent with respect to the gross mass of LTO with the ratio of 10 quality %, in addition, similarly make rechargeable nonaqueous electrolytic battery with comparative example 1.
＜discharge and recharge for the first time test＞
Use the battery of embodiment 1～5 and comparative example 1～3 to discharge and recharge test, measure first charge/discharge capacity.The current value that discharges and recharges with 1000mA carries out in the scope of 1.5V～3V.The capacity of measuring is calculated as the capacity density (mAh/g) of the unit mass of removing other parts such as collector body, conductive agent, additive, alkaline polymer LTO afterwards.It the results are shown in Table 1.
＜the evaluation of expanding＞
Use the battery of embodiment 1～5 and comparative example 1～3, under 65 ℃ hot environment, carry out the accelerated test that gas produces.Measure the cell thickness after discharging and recharging for the first time, after adjusting to the charged state of regulation, in 65 ℃ thermostat with 4 weeks of battery storage.Measure the cell thickness after storing, calculate the ratio with respect to the cell thickness before the storage test.
The mensuration of the capacity sustainment rate the after＜storage test＞
Use the battery of embodiment 1～5 and comparative example 1～3, the capacity sustainment rate after the mensuration storage test.Battery after the storage test of using in the above-mentioned expansion evaluation is charged the capacity when measuring current value with 1000mA and discharging into 1.5V.Discharge capacity when discharging and recharging for the first time is that benchmark is calculated the capacity sustainment rate.
The evaluation of＜flash-over characteristic＞
Use the battery of embodiment 1～5 and comparative example 1～3, under 60 ℃ hot environment, carry out the accelerated test of electrode degradation.Carry out 100 circulation repeated charge (with charge/discharge as 1 circulation), investigation discharge capacity sustainment rate.Discharging and recharging at the voltage between both positive and negative polarity is to carry out under the potential range of 1.5V～3.0V, the condition that discharge current value is 1000mA.Be that benchmark is calculated the capacity sustainment rate with the first discharge capacity by 1000mA.In addition, measure cell resistance after discharging and recharging for the first time and the cell resistance after 100 circulations, calculate 100 cell resistance climbings after the circulation.
＜result＞
Table 1
Figure BDA00003179974100211
Embodiment 1～5 compares with comparative example 1～3, and first discharge capacity is not found big difference.Confirm thus, namely use alkaline polymer to cover also not hinder and discharge and recharge reaction, do not damage capacity.
Embodiment 1～5 compares with comparative example 1～3, and the rate of change that constant temperature stores the cell thickness after 4 weeks is little.Therefore show: the battery of embodiment 1～5 is compared the generation that has more suppressed gas with the battery of comparative example 1～3.In addition, embodiment 1～5 compares with comparative example 1～3, the capacity sustainment rate height after the storage.Think that this is because produce by suppressing gas, has guaranteed the closed state between electrode and barrier film.Therefore show: by in active material layer, containing LTO and alkaline polymer, can suppress moisture and produce to the gas that causes of sneaking in the battery, suppress to follow the capacity deterioration of cell expansion.
In addition, embodiment 1～5 compares with comparative example 1～3, the discharge capacity sustainment rate height after 100 circulations.Show thus: by in active material layer, containing LTO and alkaline polymer, can suppress the reaction of electrode and nonaqueous electrolyte, suppress the deterioration of battery performance.
In addition, embodiment 1～5 compares with comparative example 1～3, and the resistance climbing after 100 circulations is low.Show thus: by contain LTO and alkaline polymer in active material layer, the resistance that can suppress electrode rises.In addition, use together among the embodiment 1 and 5 of CMC and SBR, the resistance climbing after 100 circulations is low especially, shows by use CMC and SBR further to be inhibited effect that resistance rises.
Several embodiments of the present invention is illustrated, but these execution modes are to point out as an example that its intention is not to limit scope of invention.These novel execution modes can also other multiple mode be implemented, and in the scope that does not break away from the invention main idea, can carry out multiple omission, displacement, change.These execution modes and distortion thereof are included in scope of invention or the main idea, are included in simultaneously in the invention and its impartial scope that claims put down in writing.
Symbol description
1: rechargeable nonaqueous electrolytic battery, 5:LTO particle, 6: the alkaline polymer layer; 7: the mixed layer of binding agent and conductive agent, 8: the mixed layer of binding agent, conductive agent and alkaline polymer, 9: the electrode group; 10: external packing component, 11: negative pole, 12: barrier film; 13: positive pole, 14: negative terminal, 15: positive terminal; 16: monocell, 19: printed wiring board, 20: thermistor; 21: protective circuit, 32: accommodating container, 40: power brick.

Claims (10)

1. electrode for cell, it comprises collector body and is located at active material layer on the described collector body,
Wherein, described active material layer comprises particle and the alkaline polymer of the lithium titanate with spinel structure;
Described alkaline polymer covers at least a portion of the particle surface of described lithium titanate compound.
2. electrode for cell according to claim 1, wherein, described alkaline polymer is amines.
3. electrode for cell according to claim 1 and 2, wherein, described alkaline polymer contains nitrogenous heteroaromatic compound.
4. according to each described electrode for cell in the claim 1～3, wherein, described active material layer also contains at least a kind in cellulose ether compound and the copolymer rubber.
5. nonaqueous electrolyte battery, it comprises:
The negative pole that is constituted by each described electrode for cell in the claim 1～4;
Anodal; And
Nonaqueous electrolyte.
6. power brick, the accommodating container that it comprises the described nonaqueous electrolyte battery of claim 5 and takes in described nonaqueous electrolyte battery.
7. the manufacture method of an electrode for cell, it comprises by coating sizing-agent on the surface of collector body and carries out the operation that drying forms active material layer, described active material layer contains the particle of the lithium titanate compound with spinel structure, and at least a portion of the particle surface of this lithium titanate compound is covered by alkaline polymer.
8. manufacture method according to claim 7, it further comprises:
Be dispersed in the solution that contains described alkaline polymer by the particle with described lithium titanate compound, thus the operation of modulation dispersion liquid;
The particle of the lithium titanate compound by will being attached with described alkaline polymer separates from described dispersion liquid and carries out drying, thus the operation of the particle of the lithium titanate compound that at least a portion that obtains the surface is covered by described alkaline polymer; And
The operation of the described slurry of the particle of the lithium titanate compound that at least a portion that modulation contains described surface is covered by described alkaline polymer.
9. manufacture method according to claim 7, it further comprises: is dispersed in the solution that contains described alkaline polymer by the particle with described lithium titanate compound, thus the operation of modulating described slurry.
10. active material for battery, the alkaline polymer that it comprises the particle of the lithium titanate compound with spinel structure and covers at least a portion of described particle surface.
CN201280003649.8A 2011-02-17 2012-02-10 Electrode for cell and manufacture method, nonaqueous electrolyte battery, power brick and active substance Active CN103210531B (en)

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