CN103210022A - 基于储存稳定的反应性或高反应性聚氨酯组合物具有固定膜的预浸料以及由其制成的复合部件 - Google Patents
基于储存稳定的反应性或高反应性聚氨酯组合物具有固定膜的预浸料以及由其制成的复合部件 Download PDFInfo
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- CN103210022A CN103210022A CN2011800562446A CN201180056244A CN103210022A CN 103210022 A CN103210022 A CN 103210022A CN 2011800562446 A CN2011800562446 A CN 2011800562446A CN 201180056244 A CN201180056244 A CN 201180056244A CN 103210022 A CN103210022 A CN 103210022A
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- polyurethane composition
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 105
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- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
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- POILWHVDKZOXJZ-ARJAWSKDSA-M (z)-4-oxopent-2-en-2-olate Chemical compound C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O POILWHVDKZOXJZ-ARJAWSKDSA-M 0.000 claims description 17
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- NIMLQBUJDJZYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophorone diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1(C)CC(N=C=O)CC(C)(CN=C=O)C1 NIMLQBUJDJZYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 13
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- 239000005057 Hexamethylene diisocyanate Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylene diisocyanate Chemical compound O=C=NCCCCCCN=C=O RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
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- UKLDJPRMSDWDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L [dibutyl(dodecanoyloxy)stannyl] dodecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[Sn](CCCC)(CCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC UKLDJPRMSDWDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
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- WJIOHMVWGVGWJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methyl-n-[4-[(3-methylpyrazole-1-carbonyl)amino]butyl]pyrazole-1-carboxamide Chemical compound N1=C(C)C=CN1C(=O)NCCCCNC(=O)N1N=C(C)C=C1 WJIOHMVWGVGWJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
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- 150000002118 epoxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 6
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- ATOUXIOKEJWULN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,6-diisocyanato-2,2,4-trimethylhexane Chemical compound O=C=NCCC(C)CC(C)(C)CN=C=O ATOUXIOKEJWULN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- QGLRLXLDMZCFBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,6-diisocyanato-2,4,4-trimethylhexane Chemical compound O=C=NCC(C)CC(C)(C)CCN=C=O QGLRLXLDMZCFBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- YPIFGDQKSSMYHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7,7-dimethyloctanoic acid Chemical compound CC(C)(C)CCCCCC(O)=O YPIFGDQKSSMYHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- DOFHXXBIPRPYSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [cyclohexyl(isocyanato)methyl]cyclohexane Chemical class C1CCCCC1C(N=C=O)C1CCCCC1 DOFHXXBIPRPYSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- LTMRRSWNXVJMBA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 2,2-diethylpropanedioate Chemical compound CCC(CC)(C([O-])=O)C([O-])=O LTMRRSWNXVJMBA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- NSPMIYGKQJPBQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4H-1,2,4-triazole Chemical compound C=1N=CNN=1 NSPMIYGKQJPBQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- WHIVNJATOVLWBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butan-2-ylidenehydroxylamine Chemical compound CCC(C)=NO WHIVNJATOVLWBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- CHJMFFKHPHCQIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;octanoate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCC([O-])=O CHJMFFKHPHCQIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
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- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-O phosphonium Chemical compound [PH4+] XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 11
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 10
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- UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-Diphenylmethane Diisocyanate Chemical compound C1=CC(N=C=O)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1 UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- 125000001421 myristyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 5
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920000271 Kevlar® Polymers 0.000 description 4
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- LDDQLRUQCUTJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium fluoride Chemical class [NH4+].[F-] LDDQLRUQCUTJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 4
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- GYZLOYUZLJXAJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglycidyl ether Chemical compound C1OC1COCC1CO1 GYZLOYUZLJXAJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- OBBQDLHBLQTARQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexan-1-amine;hydrate Chemical compound [OH-].CCCCCC[NH3+] OBBQDLHBLQTARQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
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- FPGGTKZVZWFYPV-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylammonium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC FPGGTKZVZWFYPV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- WGTYBPLFGIVFAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetramethylammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].C[N+](C)(C)C WGTYBPLFGIVFAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
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- OUPZKGBUJRBPGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-tris(oxiran-2-ylmethyl)-1,3,5-triazinane-2,4,6-trione Chemical group O=C1N(CC2OC2)C(=O)N(CC2OC2)C(=O)N1CC1CO1 OUPZKGBUJRBPGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- DRDGCDWNOIBRFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [OH-].[NH4+].C(CCCCC)CO Chemical class [OH-].[NH4+].C(CCCCC)CO DRDGCDWNOIBRFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- VBQDSLGFSUGBBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl(triethyl)azanium Chemical compound CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC1=CC=CC=C1 VBQDSLGFSUGBBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NDKBVBUGCNGSJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M benzyltrimethylammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].C[N+](C)(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 NDKBVBUGCNGSJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
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- SDPBQTFSSSPDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentan-1-amine;hydrate Chemical compound [OH-].CCCCC[NH3+] SDPBQTFSSSPDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- NHGXDBSUJJNIRV-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylammonium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC NHGXDBSUJJNIRV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229940073455 tetraethylammonium hydroxide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- QSUJAUYJBJRLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetraethylazanium;fluoride Chemical compound [F-].CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC QSUJAUYJBJRLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- LRGJRHZIDJQFCL-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetraethylazanium;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC LRGJRHZIDJQFCL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- GTDKXDWWMOMSFL-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetramethylazanium;fluoride Chemical compound [F-].C[N+](C)(C)C GTDKXDWWMOMSFL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- LPSKDVINWQNWFE-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrapropylazanium;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].CCC[N+](CCC)(CCC)CCC LPSKDVINWQNWFE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
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- DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene 2,4-diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1N=C=O DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- QVOFCQBZXGLNAA-UHFFFAOYSA-M tributyl(methyl)azanium;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].CCCC[N+](C)(CCCC)CCCC QVOFCQBZXGLNAA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
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Abstract
本发明涉及基于储存稳定的反应性或高反应性聚氨酯组合物的带有固定膜的预浸料和由其制成的复合部件。
Description
本发明涉及基于储存稳定的反应性或高反应性聚氨酯组合物的具有固定膜的预浸料以及由其制成的复合部件。
现有技术
许多复合基质材料不是耐候或UV-稳定的,或在与玻璃-或碳纤维织物或网格布结合时表现出不足的表面品质。因此,常随后涂布复合部件,以在平滑度、颜色、表面结构或其它所需性质方面实现特殊表面改良。
为了表面的改良或着色,油漆纤维复合材料的复合体(成型件)。在大多数情况下,该涂布通过油漆部件进行,如其在车身部件制造中也用SMC部件高度自动化进行。可惜这通常与许多缺陷(由于该复合部件与注塑成型件相比相对高的孔隙率)和废品相关联。通过给表面涂漆的底漆,可以至少部分地消除这些问题,但这些预处理昂贵并通常与提高的VOC(挥发性有机化合物)排放相关联。
但是,该油漆方法非常繁复,因为其与操作技术繁杂相关联。
在Achim Grefenstein的文章"Folienhinterspritzen
statt Lackieren", in Metaloberfläche-Beschichten von Kunststoff und
Metall, 册10/99, Carl Hanser Verlag, München中,描述了在注塑技术中使用薄膜用于表面改良。该薄膜预成型并铺设在注塑模具中。随后将该薄膜与塑料后注塑并由此获得该复合材料的所需表面。
DE
103 09 811描述了一种方法,其中将预成型膜铺在模具中,将纤维增强的预浸料(例如具有热固性或热塑性基质)施加到预成型膜的一面上并在纤维增强的预浸料的塑料固化和冷却后,从模具中取出制成的复合材料。
可以用薄膜-后压制(Hinterpressen)或薄膜-树脂压铸(薄膜RTM)实现薄膜在复合材料表面上的固定。在此,将预成型膜施加到压机的成型模具之一上,将垫形式的纤维状载体铺在该压机模具的配合件上并用适合这种半成品的组成的压制法将该预成型膜与载体粘合。
在与压机的闭式冲压模具(阴模和阳模)相当的闭模中实施薄膜-树脂压铸(薄膜RTM)。在该模具中在其模腔下方铺设预成型膜和纤维垫,即仅纤维增强材料。以已知方式在抽真空的模具中注入树脂与固化剂的混合物,由此浸透该垫并完全填满该薄膜下方的模腔。模具保持关闭直至注入的树脂固化。在开放法,如手动层压或真空法中,这种技术也可行。
例如从EP 0 819 516中已知这样的方法。
用于表面改良的另一方法是IMD法(模内镶件注塑)的一种特殊形式。在此,牵拉已印刷的载体膜经过模内装饰。在关闭半模后,借助注入塑料的压力将载体膜与装饰印记一起成型。在塑料固化并从模具中脱出该部件后,装饰印记附着到制成的部件上,然后除去载体膜。
在EP 1 230 076中,描述了在成型模具中通过薄膜成型施加薄膜的方法。
从EP2024164中获知“一步”法。在此,将含粘合剂的纤维材料的垫状半成品剧烈加热,然后与装饰材料(层压件)粘合并同时在压机中(更确切地说优选在所谓的“冷压机”中)成型。
从EP1669182中获知用于制造复合成型件的方法和装置。在制造至少一层由反应性塑料构成的单层或多层膜(表皮)或复合成型件时,该层通过喷涂到模腔中或喷涂到基底上来施加。
同样描述了用已在模具中的液体凝胶涂料涂覆复合部件或通过共模塑使用热塑性(多层)薄膜 [“In-Mold Decoration Dresses Up Composites”, Dale Brosius, Composites Technology, Aug. 2005]。
从EP 590 702中已获知纤维复合材料,其中热塑性聚合物的挠性膜覆盖浸透粉末的多纤维长丝。该粉末在此具有热塑性聚合物作为基本组分。因此该纤维复合材料应具有特别用于形成高挠性垫的高挠性。没有提及具有脲二酮基团的储存稳定的PUR组合物。
但是,所有上述方法都要求在单独操作中将该薄膜施加到复合材料上。
从DE 102009001793、DE
102009001806和DE 10201029355中获知基于储存稳定的反应性或高反应性聚氨酯组合物的预浸料。但是,这些都没有薄膜涂层。
目的是发现具有改良表面的新型预浸料并简化预浸料和复合部件的制造。
通过具有密切粘合在预浸料表面上的薄膜的储存稳定的基于聚氨酯的预浸料达成了该目的,为了所需表面功能,该薄膜在制造预浸料时已固定到表面上,其中该薄膜产生复合部件的所需表面功能并耐受复合部件制造过程中的温度条件和压力条件。
已经发现,通过根据本发明的预浸料可以简化具有有色、亚光、尤其是平滑、耐划伤或抗静电处理的表面的PU复合部件的制造。
本发明的主题是预浸料,其基本上如下构成
A) 至少一种纤维状载体
和
B) 至少一种反应性或高反应性聚氨酯组合物作为基质材料,
其中所述聚氨酯组合物基本上含有作为粘合剂的具有异氰酸酯反应性官能团的聚合物b)和作为固化剂的内部封端的和/或用封端剂封端的二-或多异氰酸酯a)的混合物,和
C) 至少一种通过所述聚氨酯组合物B)固定到预浸料上的薄膜。
原则上可通过任意方法实施该预浸料的制造。
以合适的方式,通过粉末浸渍,优选通过喷粉法将粉状聚氨酯组合物施加到载体上。流化床烧结法、拉挤成型或喷涂法也可行。优选通过喷粉法将粉末(整体或一部分)施加到纤维状载体上,例如施加到玻璃-、碳-或芳族聚酰胺-纤维网格布(Gelege)或纤维织物的条带上,然后固定。为避免粉末损失,优选直接在喷粉程序后将该用粉末加载的纤维状载体在加热段中(例如用IR辐射器)加热,以使颗粒烧结,在此过程中不应超过80至100℃的温度,以防止高反应性基质材料的反应。这些预浸料可以按需要组合和切割成不同形式。
也可以按照直接熔体浸渍法实施预浸料的制造。预浸料的直接熔体浸渍法的原理在于,首先由其各组分制造反应性聚氨酯组合物B)。然后将该反应性聚氨酯组合物B)的这种熔体直接施加到纤维状载体A)上,换言之用B)的熔体进行纤维状载体A)的浸渍。此后,可以在稍后的时间将冷却的可储存预浸料进一步加工成复合材料。通过根据本发明的直接熔体浸渍法,由于该液体低粘反应性聚氨酯组合物极好润湿载体的纤维,造成纤维状载体的极好浸渍。
也可以使用溶剂进行预浸料的制造。该预浸料制造法的原理随之在于,首先在合适的共同的溶剂中由其各组分制造反应性聚氨酯组合物B)的溶液。然后将反应性聚氨酯组合物B)的这种溶液直接施加到纤维状载体A)上,由此该纤维状载体被这种溶液浸透/浸渍。随后,除去溶剂。优选通过例如热处理或施加真空在低温,优选<
100℃下完全除去溶剂。此后,可以在稍后的时间将再脱除溶剂的该可储存预浸料进一步加工成复合材料。通过本发明的方法,由于该反应性聚氨酯组合物的溶液极好润湿载体的纤维,造成纤维状载体的极好浸渍。
作为适用于本发明的方法的溶剂,可以使用不与反应性聚氨酯组合物反应、对所用反应性聚氨酯组合物的各组分具有足够的溶解能力并可以在溶剂脱除工艺步骤过程中从浸透反应性聚氨酯组合物的预浸料中除去直到微小的痕量(<0.5重量%)的所有非质子液体,其中分离的溶剂的再循环是有利的。
例如,在此可以提及:酮(丙酮、甲乙酮、甲基异丁基酮、环己酮)、醚(四氢呋喃)、酯(乙酸正丙酯、乙酸正丁酯、乙酸异丁酯、碳酸-1,2-异丙二醇酯、丙二醇甲醚乙酸酯)。
优选按照这种溶剂法制造根据本发明的预浸料。
在冷却至室温后,根据本发明的预浸料具有在室温下的极高储存稳定性,只要基质材料具有至少40℃的Tg。根据所含的反应性聚氨酯组合物,这为在室温下至少几天,但该预浸料通常在40℃和更低温度下储存稳定数周。由此制成的预浸料不是粘稠的并因此非常容易操作和进一步加工。根据本发明使用的反应性或高反应性聚氨酯组合物因此表现出在纤维状载体上的极好附着和分布。
在预浸料进一步加工成复合材料(例如通过在升高的温度下压制)的过程中,在通过反应性或高反应性聚氨酯组合物在升高的温度下的交联反应而发生胶凝或整个聚氨酯基质完全固化之前,由于在这种情况下该液态低粘反应性或高反应性聚氨酯组合物在交联反应之前极好润湿载体的纤维,造成纤维状载体的极好浸渍。
可以按需要将如此制成的预浸料组合和切割成不同形式。
为将预浸料合并成单一复合材料和为使基质材料交联成基质,裁剪预浸料,任选缝合或另外固定并在合适的模具中在压力和任选施加真空下压制。在本发明范围内,根据固化时间,在使用反应性基质材料(方案I)时在大约160℃以上的温度下或在使用带有合适的催化剂的高反应性基质材料(方案II)时在100℃以上的温度下进行由预浸料制造复合材料的操作。
根据所用的反应性或高反应性聚氨酯组合物的组成和任选添加的催化剂,可以在宽范围内改变复合部件制造中的交联反应的速率以及基质的性质。
作为基质材料,在本发明范围内,被定义为用于制造预浸料的反应性或高反应性聚氨酯组合物并在预浸料的描述中被定义为通过本发明的方法施加到纤维上的还有反应性或高反应性的聚氨酯组合物。
基质被定义为在该复合材料中交联的由反应性或高反应性聚氨酯组合物构成的基质材料。
载体
在本发明中的纤维状载体由纤维状材料(通常也称作增强纤维)构成。通常,构成该纤维的任何材料都是合适的,但优选使用玻璃、碳、塑料,例如聚酰胺(芳族聚酰胺)或聚酯、天然纤维或矿物纤维材料,如玄武岩纤维或陶瓷纤维(基于氧化铝和/或氧化硅的氧化物纤维)的纤维状材料。也可以使用纤维类型的混合物,例如芳族聚酰胺-和玻璃纤维、或碳-和玻璃纤维的织物组合。同样可以用不同纤维状载体的预浸料制造混杂复合部件。
主要由于其相对低的价格,玻璃纤维是最常用的纤维类型。在此原则上,所有类型的玻璃基增强纤维均是合适的(E-玻璃-、S-玻璃-、R-玻璃-、M-玻璃-、C-玻璃-、ECR-玻璃-、D-玻璃-、AR-玻璃-或中空玻璃纤维)。碳纤维通常用在高性能复合材料中,其中与玻璃纤维相比的较低密度以及同时较高强度也是重要因素。碳纤维(也称作碳纤维)是由含碳原材料制成的工业生产的纤维,其通过热解转化成石墨状构造的碳。区分各向同性和各向异性类型:各向同性纤维仅具有低强度和较低工业重要性,各向异性纤维表现出高强度和刚度同时小的断裂伸长。在此,获自植物和动物材料的所有织物纤维和纤维材料(例如木材-、纤维素-、棉-、大麻-、黄麻-、亚麻-、西沙尔麻-、竹纤维)被称为天然纤维。也与碳纤维类似,芳族聚酰胺纤维具有负的热膨胀系数,即在加热时变短。它们的比强度及其弹性模量明显低于碳纤维。与基质树脂的正膨胀系数结合,可以制造高尺寸稳定的部件。与碳纤维增强塑料相比,芳族聚酰胺纤维复合材料的抗压强度明显更低。芳族聚酰胺纤维的已知品牌是来自DuPont的Nomex®和Kevlar®,或来自Teijin的Teijinconex®、Twaron®和Technora®。由玻璃纤维、碳纤维、芳族聚酰胺纤维或陶瓷纤维制成的载体是特别合适和优选的。该纤维状材料是织物平面构型物品。非织造织物的纺织平面构型物品,以及所谓的针织物,如针织品和纬编织物(Gestricke),以及非针织缕纱(Gebinde),如织物(Gewebe)、网格布或编织物(Geflechte)是合适的。此外,作为载体区分长纤维-和短纤维材料。根据本发明,粗纱和纱线同样是合适的。所有所述材料都适合作为本发明范围内的纤维状载体。在“Composites
Technologien, Paolo Ermanni (第4版), Script zur Vorlesung ETH Zürich, 2007年8月, 第7章”中包含增强材料的综述。
基质材料
原则上,所有通常在室温下也储存稳定的反应性或高反应性聚氨酯组合物适合作为基质材料。根据本发明,合适的聚氨酯组合物由具有可与NCO基团反应的官能团的聚合物b)(粘合剂),也称作树脂和暂时失活,换言之内部封端和/或用封端剂封端的二-或多异氰酸酯,也称作固化剂a)(组分a))的混合物构成。
作为聚合物b)(粘合剂)的官能团,羟基、氨基和硫醇基是合适的,它们与游离异氰酸酯基团加成反应并由此交联和固化聚氨酯组合物。该粘合剂组分必须具有固体树脂性质(玻璃化温度高于室温)。作为粘合剂合适的是具有OH值为20至500毫克KOH/克且平均摩尔质量为250至6000克/摩尔的聚酯、聚醚、聚丙烯酸酯、聚碳酸酯和聚氨酯。特别优选具有OH值为20至150毫克KOH/克且平均分子量为500至6000克/摩尔的含羟基的聚酯或聚丙烯酸酯。当然,也可以使用这样的聚合物的混合物。如此选择具有所述官能团的聚合物b)的量以至于在组分b)的每个官能团上消耗组分a)的0.6至2 NCO当量或0.3至1个脲二酮基团。
作为固化剂组分a),使用被封端剂封端的或内部封端(脲二酮)的二-和多异氰酸酯。
根据本发明使用的二-和多异氰酸酯可以由任意芳族、脂族、脂环族和/或(环)脂族二-和/或多异氰酸酯构成。
作为芳族二-或多异氰酸酯,原则上,所有已知的芳族化合物都合适。特别合适的是1,3-和1,4-苯二异氰酸酯、1,5-萘二异氰酸酯、联甲苯胺二异氰酸酯、2,6-甲苯二异氰酸酯、2,4-甲苯二异氰酸酯(2,4-TDI)、2,4‘-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(2,4‘-MDI)、4,4‘-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、单体二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)和低聚二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(聚合MDI)的混合物、苯二亚甲基二异氰酸酯、四甲基苯二亚甲基二异氰酸酯和三异氰酸根合甲苯。
合适的脂族二-或多异氰酸酯有利地在直链或支链亚烷基残基中具有3至16个碳原子,优选4至12个碳原子,且合适的脂环族或(环)脂族二异氰酸酯有利地在环亚烷基残基中具有4至18个碳原子,优选6至15个碳原子。(环)脂族二异氰酸酯被本领域技术人员充分理解为同时环状和脂族键合的NCO基团,例如在异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯中就是这样的情况。相反,脂环族二异氰酸酯被理解为是指仅具有直接键合到脂环族环上的NCO基团的那些,例如H12MDI。实例是环己烷二异氰酸酯、甲基环己烷二异氰酸酯、乙基环己烷二异氰酸酯、丙基环己烷二异氰酸酯、甲基二乙基环己烷二异氰酸酯、丙烷二异氰酸酯、丁烷二异氰酸酯、戊烷二异氰酸酯、己烷二异氰酸酯、庚烷二异氰酸酯、辛烷二异氰酸酯、壬烷二异氰酸酯、壬烷三异氰酸酯,如4-异氰酸根合甲基-1,8-辛烷二异氰酸酯(TIN)、癸烷二-和三异氰酸酯、十一烷二-和-三异氰酸酯和十二烷二-和-三异氰酸酯。
优选异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(HDI)、二异氰酸根合二环己基甲烷(H12MDI)、2-甲基戊烷二异氰酸酯(MPDI)、2,2,4-三甲基六亚甲基二异氰酸酯/2,4,4-三甲基六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(TMDI)、降冰片烷二异氰酸酯(NBDI)。非常特别优选使用IPDI、HDI、TMDI和/或H12MDI,其中也可使用异氰脲酸酯。4-甲基-环己烷-1,3-二异氰酸酯、2-丁基-2-乙基戊亚甲基二异氰酸酯、3(4)-异氰酸根合甲基-1-甲基环己基异氰酸酯、2-异氰酸根合丙基环己基异氰酸酯、2,4‘-亚甲基双(环己基)二异氰酸酯、1,4-二异氰酸根合-4-甲基-戊烷也合适。
当然,也可以使用二-和多异氰酸酯的混合物。
此外,优选使用可由所述二-或多异氰酸酯或其混合物通过用氨基甲酸酯-、脲基甲酸酯-、脲-、缩二脲-、脲二酮-、酰胺-、异氰脲酸酯-、碳二亚胺-、脲酮亚胺-、噁二嗪三酮-或亚氨基噁二嗪二酮结构连接制成的低聚或多异氰酸酯。特别合适的是异氰脲酸酯,特别是得自IPDI和HDI的。
根据本发明使用的多异氰酸酯是封端的。外部封端剂,例如乙酰乙酸乙酯、二异丙胺、甲基乙基酮肟、丙二酸二乙酯、ε-己内酰胺、1,2,4-三唑、苯酚或取代酚和3,5-二甲基吡唑可用于此。
优选使用的固化剂组分是含有异氰脲酸酯基团和ε-己内酰胺封端的异氰酸酯结构的IPDI加合物。
内部封端也可行并优选使用。通过经由脲二酮结构形成二聚体实现内部封端,所述脲二酮结构在升高的温度下又裂解成为最初存在的异氰酸酯结构并因此开始与粘合剂交联。
任选地,该反应性聚氨酯组合物可含有另外的催化剂。这些是0.001 - 1重量%的量的有机金属催化剂,例如二月桂酸二丁基锡(DBTL)、辛酸锡、新癸酸铋或叔胺,例如1,4-二氮杂双环[2.2.2]-辛烷。这些根据本发明使用的反应性聚氨酯组合物在正常条件下,例如用DBTL催化,自160℃起,通常自大约180℃起固化并被称作方案I。
为了制造反应性聚氨酯组合物,可以以0.05至5重量%的总量添加粉末涂料技术中常见的添加剂,如流平剂,例如聚有机硅或丙烯酸酯,光保护剂,例如位阻胺,抗氧化剂,或如EP
669 353中描述的其它添加剂。可以以总组合物的最多30重量%的量添加填料和颜料,例如二氧化钛。
在本发明范围内,反应性(方案I)是指根据本发明使用的反应性聚氨酯组合物如上所述在自160℃起的温度下,而且根据载体的性质固化。
本发明使用的反应性聚氨酯组合物在正常条件下固化,例如用DBTL催化,自160℃起,通常自大约180℃起固化。根据本发明使用的聚氨酯组合物用于固化的时间通常在5至60分钟内。
在本发明中优选使用由含有反应性的脲二酮基团的聚氨酯组合物B)制成的基质材料B),其基本上含有
a) 至少一种含有脲二酮基团的固化剂,基于脂族、(环)脂族或脂环族的含有脲二酮基团的多异氰酸酯和含羟基的化合物的加聚化合物,其中该固化剂在40℃以下以固体形式存在且在125℃以上以液体形式存在,并具有小于5重量%的游离NCO含量和3-25重量%的脲二酮含量,
b) 至少一种含羟基的聚合物,其在40℃以下以固体形式存在且在125℃以上以液体形式存在,并具有20至200毫克KOH/克之间的OH值,
c) 任选至少一种催化剂,
d) 任选地,由聚氨酯化学已知的助剂和添加剂,
以使这两种组分a)和b)以下述比率存在,即在组分b)的每个羟基上消耗组分a)的0.3至1个,优选0.45至0.55个脲二酮基团。后者相当于0.9至1.1比1的NCO/OH比。
含有脲二酮基团的多异氰酸酯是公知的并例如描述在US 4,476,054、US 4,912,210、US
4,929,724和EP 417 603中。在J.
Prakt. Chem. 336 (1994) 185-200中给出关于异氰酸酯二聚化生成脲二酮的工业相关方法的全面综述。通常,异氰酸酯生成脲二酮的反应在可溶性二聚化催化剂,例如二烷基氨基吡啶、三烷基膦、亚磷酸三酰胺或咪唑存在下进行。所述反应任选在溶剂中,但优选在不存在溶剂的情况下进行,在实现所希望的转化后通过添加催化剂毒物停止该反应。然后通过短程蒸馏除去过量的单体异氰酸酯。如果该催化剂挥发性足够,则可以在脱除单体的过程中从反应混合物中除去催化剂。在这种情况下可放弃添加催化剂毒物。原则上,多种异氰酸酯适用于制造含有脲二酮基团的多异氰酸酯。可以使用上述二-和多异氰酸酯。但是,优选的是任意脂族、脂环族和/或(环)脂族二-和/或多异氰酸酯的二-和多异氰酸酯。根据本发明使用异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(HDI)、二异氰酸根合二环己基甲烷(H12MDI)、2-甲基戊烷二异氰酸酯(MPDI)、2,2,4-三甲基六亚甲基二异氰酸酯/2,4,4-三甲基六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(TMDI)、降冰片烷二异氰酸酯(NBDI)。非常特别优选使用IPDI、HDI、TMDI和/或H12MDI,其中也可以使用异氰脲酸酯。
非常特别优选使用IPDI和/或HDI用于所述基质材料。这些含有脲二酮基团的多异氰酸酯生成含有脲二酮基团的固化剂a)的反应包括游离NCO基团与作为增链剂的含羟基的单体或聚合物,例如聚酯、聚硫醚、聚醚、聚己内酰胺、聚环氧化物、聚酯酰胺、聚氨酯或低分子量二-、三-和/或四元醇和任选作为链终止剂的单胺和/或一元醇的反应,并已经经常被描述(EP
669 353、EP 669 354、DE 30
30 572、EP 639 598或EP
803 524)。
优选的具有脲二酮基团的固化剂a)具有小于5重量%的游离NCO含量和3至25重量%,优选6至18重量%的脲二酮基团含量(作为C2N2O2计算,分子量84)。聚酯和单体二元醇是优选的。除脲二酮基团外,该固化剂还可具有异氰脲酸酯-、缩二脲-、脲基甲酸酯-、氨基甲酸酯-和/或脲-结构。
对含羟基的聚合物b)而言,优选使用具有OH值为20 – 200毫克KOH/克的聚酯、聚醚、聚丙烯酸酯、聚氨酯和/或聚碳酸酯。特别优选使用在40℃以下以固体形式存在和在125℃以上以液体形式存在的具有OH值为30 - 150,平均分子量为500 - 6000克/摩尔的聚酯。这样的粘合剂已经描述在例如EP 669 354和EP
254 152中。当然,也可以使用这样的聚合物的混合物。如此选择含羟基的聚合物b)的量,以至于在组分b)的每个羟基上消耗组分a)的0.3至1,优选0.45至0.55个脲二酮基团。任选地,在本发明的反应性聚氨酯组合物B)中可含有另外的催化剂c)。这些是0.001 - 1重量%的量的有机金属催化剂,例如二月桂酸二丁基锡、辛酸锌、新癸酸铋或叔胺,例如1,4-二氮杂双环[2.2.2]辛烷。这些根据本发明使用的反应性聚氨酯组合物在正常条件下,例如用DBTL催化,自160℃起,通常自大约180℃起固化并被称作方案I。
为了制造本发明的反应性聚氨酯组合物,可以以0.05至5重量%的总量添加粉末涂料技术中常见的添加剂如流平剂,例如聚有机硅或丙烯酸酯,光保护剂,例如位阻胺,抗氧化剂,或例如在EP
669 353中描述的其它助剂。可以以总组合物的最多30重量%的量添加填料和颜料,例如二氧化钛。
根据本发明使用的反应性聚氨酯组合物在正常条件下,例如用DBTL催化,自160℃起,通常自大约180℃起固化。根据本发明使用的反应性聚氨酯组合物提供极好的流动和因此良好的浸渍能力和在固化状态下优异的化学品耐受性。此外,在使用脂族交联剂(例如IPDI或H12MDI)时,还另外实现良好的耐候性。
在本发明中特别优选使用由下列材料制成的基质材料
B) 至少一种含有脲二酮基团的高反应性聚氨酯组合物,其基本上含有
a) 至少一种含有脲二酮基团的固化剂
和
b) 任选至少一种具有NCO基团反应性官能团的聚合物;
c) 0.1至5重量%的至少一种催化剂,其选自以卤离子、氢氧根、烷氧离子或有机或无机酸阴离子为抗衡离子的季铵盐和/或季鏻盐;
和
d) 0.1至5重量%的至少一种助催化剂,其选自
d1) 至少一种环氧化物
和/或
d2) 至少一种金属乙酰丙酮化物和/或季铵乙酰丙酮化物和/或季鏻乙酰丙酮化物;和
e) 任选地,由聚氨酯化学已知的助剂和添加剂。
非常特别使用由下列材料制成的基质材料B)
B) 至少一种含有脲二酮基团的高反应性粉末状聚氨酯组合物作为基质材料,其基本上含有
a) 至少一种含有脲二酮基团的固化剂,所述固化剂基于脂族、(环)脂族或脂环族的含有脲二酮基团的多异氰酸酯和含羟基的化合物的加聚化合物,其中该固化剂在40℃以下以固体形式存在和在125℃以上以液体形式存在并具有小于5重量%的游离NCO含量和3-25重量%的脲二酮含量,
b) 至少一种含羟基的聚合物,其在40℃以下以固体形式存在和在125℃以上以液体形式存在并具有20至200毫克KOH/克之间的OH值;
c) 0.1至5重量%的至少一种催化剂,其选自以卤离子、氢氧根、烷氧离子或有机或无机酸阴离子为抗衡离子的季铵盐和/或季鏻盐;
和
d) 0.1至5重量%的至少一种助催化剂,其选自
d1) 至少一种环氧化物
和/或
d2) 至少一种金属乙酰丙酮化物和/或季铵乙酰丙酮化物和/或季鏻乙酰丙酮化物;和
e) 任选地,由聚氨酯化学已知的助剂和添加剂,
以使这两种组分a)和b)以下述比率存在,即在组分b)的每个羟基上消耗组分a)的0.3至1个,优选0.6至0.9个脲二酮基团。后者相当于0.6-2:1或1.2-1.8:1的NCO/OH比。根据本发明使用的这些高反应性聚氨酯组合物在100至160℃的温度下固化并被称作方案II。
根据本发明,合适的含有脲二酮基团的高反应性聚氨酯组合物含有下述组分的混合物:暂时失活的、即含有脲二酮基团的(内部封端)二-或多异氰酸酯,也称作固化剂a),和根据本发明包含的催化剂c)和d)以及任选另外具有NCO基团反应性官能团的聚合物(粘合剂),也称作树脂b)。催化剂确保含有脲二酮基团的聚氨酯组合物在低温下固化。该含有脲二酮基团的聚氨酯组合物因此是高反应性的。
作为含有脲二酮基团的固化剂组分a)和组分b)使用上文描述的那些。
作为c)下的催化剂,使用以卤离子、氢氧根、烷氧离子或有机或无机酸阴离子为抗衡离子的季铵盐,优选四烷基铵盐和/或季鏻盐。这些的实例是:四甲基甲酸铵、四甲基乙酸铵、四甲基丙酸铵、四甲基丁酸铵、四甲基苯甲酸铵、四乙基甲酸铵、四乙基乙酸铵、四乙基丙酸铵、四乙基丁酸铵、四乙基苯甲酸铵、四丙基甲酸铵、四丙基乙酸铵、四丙基丙酸铵、四丙基丁酸铵、四丙基苯甲酸铵、四丁基甲酸铵、四丁基乙酸铵、四丁基丙酸铵、四丁基丁酸铵和四丁基苯甲酸铵和四丁基乙酸鏻、四丁基甲酸鏻和乙基三苯基乙酸鏻、四丁基鏻苯并三唑盐、四苯基苯酚鏻和三己基十四烷基癸酸鏻、甲基三丁基氢氧化铵、甲基三乙基氢氧化铵、四甲基氢氧化铵、四乙基氢氧化铵、四丙基氢氧化铵、四丁基氢氧化铵、四戊基氢氧化铵、四己基氢氧化铵、四辛基氢氧化铵、四癸基氢氧化铵、十四烷基三己基氢氧化铵、四-十八烷基氢氧化铵、苄基三甲基氢氧化铵、苄基三乙基氢氧化铵、三甲基苯基氢氧化铵、三乙基甲基氢氧化铵、三甲基乙烯基氢氧化铵、甲基三丁基甲醇铵、甲基三乙基甲醇铵、四甲基甲醇铵、四乙基甲醇铵、四丙基甲醇铵、四丁基甲醇铵、四戊基甲醇铵、四己基甲醇铵、四辛基甲醇铵、四癸基甲醇铵、十四烷基三己基甲醇铵、四-十八烷基甲醇铵、苄基三甲基甲醇铵、苄基三乙基甲醇铵、三甲基苯基甲醇铵、三乙基甲基甲醇铵、三甲基乙烯基甲醇铵、甲基三丁基乙醇铵、甲基三乙基乙醇铵、四甲基乙醇铵、四乙基乙醇铵、四丙基乙醇铵、四丁基乙醇铵、四戊基乙醇铵、四己基乙醇铵、四辛基甲醇铵、四癸基乙醇铵、十四烷基三己基乙醇铵、四-十八烷基乙醇铵、苄基三甲基乙醇铵、苄基三乙基乙醇铵、三甲基苯基乙醇铵、三乙基甲基乙醇铵、三甲基乙烯基乙醇铵、甲基三丁基苄醇铵、甲基三乙基苄醇铵、四甲基苄醇铵、四乙基苄醇铵、四丙基苄醇铵、四丁基苄醇铵、四戊基苄醇铵、四己基苄醇铵、四辛基苄醇铵、四癸基苄醇铵、十四烷基三己基苄醇铵、四-十八烷基苄醇铵、苄基三甲基苄醇铵、苄基三乙基苄醇铵、三甲基苯基苄醇铵、三乙基甲基苄醇铵、三甲基乙烯基苄醇铵、四甲基氟化铵、四乙基氟化铵、四丁基氟化铵、四辛基氟化铵、苄基三甲基氟化铵、四丁基氢氧化鏻、四丁基氟化鏻、四丁基氯化铵、四丁基溴化铵、四丁基碘化铵、四乙基氯化铵、四乙基溴化铵、四乙基碘化铵、四甲基氯化铵、四甲基溴化铵、四甲基碘化铵、苄基三甲基氯化铵、苄基三乙基氯化铵、苄基三丙基氯化铵、苄基三丁基氯化铵、甲基三丁基氯化铵、甲基三丙基氯化铵、甲基三乙基氯化铵、甲基三苯基氯化铵、苯基三甲基氯化铵、苄基三甲基溴化铵、苄基三乙基溴化铵、苄基三丙基溴化铵、苄基三丁基溴化铵、甲基三丁基溴化铵、甲基三丙基溴化铵、甲基三乙基溴化铵、甲基三苯基溴化铵、苯基三甲基溴化铵、苄基三甲基碘化铵、苄基三乙基碘化铵、苄基三丙基碘化铵、苄基三丁基碘化铵、甲基三丁基碘化铵、甲基三丙基碘化铵、甲基三乙基碘化铵、甲基三苯基碘化铵和苯基三甲基碘化铵、甲基三丁基氢氧化铵、甲基三乙基氢氧化铵、四甲基氢氧化铵、四乙基氢氧化铵、四丙基氢氧化铵、四丁基氢氧化铵、四戊基氢氧化铵、四己基氢氧化铵、四辛基氢氧化铵、四癸基氢氧化铵、十四烷基三己基氢氧化铵、四-十八烷基氢氧化铵、苄基三甲基氢氧化铵、苄基三乙基氢氧化铵、三甲基苯基氢氧化铵、三乙基甲基氢氧化铵、三甲基乙烯基氢氧化铵、四甲基氟化铵、四乙基氟化铵、四丁基氟化铵、四辛基氟化铵和苄基三甲基氟化铵。这些催化剂可以单独地或以混合物添加。优选使用四乙基苯甲酸铵和/或四丁基氢氧化铵。
催化剂c)的含量可以为0.1至5重量%,优选0.3至2重量%,基于该基质材料的总配制品计。
根据本发明的一个方案包括这样的催化剂c)键合到聚合物b)的官能团上。此外,这些催化剂可以被惰性壳包围并由此包囊。
作为助催化剂d1),使用环氧化物。在此合适的是例如缩水甘油醚和缩水甘油酯、脂族环氧化物、基于双酚A的二缩水甘油醚和甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯。这样的环氧化物的实例是异氰脲酸三缩水甘油酯(TGIC,商品名Araldit 810, Huntsman)、对苯二甲酸二缩水甘油酯和偏苯三酸三缩水甘油酯的混合物(商品名Araldit
PT 910和912, Huntsman)、Versatic 酸的缩水甘油酯(商品名Kardura E10,
Shell)、3,4-环氧环己基甲基-3’,4’-环氧环己烷甲酸酯(ECC)、基于双酚A的二缩水甘油醚(商品名EPIKOTE 828, Shell)、乙基己基缩水甘油醚、丁基缩水甘油醚、季戊四醇四缩水甘油醚(商品名Polypox
R 16, UPPC AG)和具有游离环氧基的其它Polypox类型。也可以使用混合物。优选使用ARALDIT PT 910和912。
作为助催化剂d2),合适的是金属乙酰丙酮化物。这些的实例是单独或混合的乙酰丙酮化锌、乙酰丙酮化锂和乙酰丙酮化锡。优选使用乙酰丙酮化锌。
作为助催化剂d2),此外合适的是季铵乙酰丙酮化物或季鏻乙酰丙酮化物。
这样的催化剂的实例是四甲基乙酰丙酮化铵、四乙基乙酰丙酮化铵、四丙基乙酰丙酮化铵、四丁基乙酰丙酮化铵、苄基三甲基乙酰丙酮化铵、苄基三乙基乙酰丙酮化铵、四甲基乙酰丙酮化鏻、四乙基乙酰丙酮化鏻、四丙基乙酰丙酮化鏻、四丁基乙酰丙酮化鏻、苄基三甲基乙酰丙酮化鏻和苄基三乙基乙酰丙酮化鏻。特别优选使用四乙基乙酰丙酮化铵和/或四丁基乙酰丙酮化铵。当然也可以使用这些催化剂的混合物。
助催化剂d1)和/或d2)的含量可以为0.1至5重量%,优选0.3至2重量%,基于该基质材料的总配制品计。
借助于根据本发明使用的高反应性和因此低温固化聚氨酯组合物B),在100至160℃固化温度下,不仅可节省能量和固化时间,还可以使用许多温度敏感的载体。
在本发明范围内,高反应性(方案II)是指,根据本发明使用的含有脲二酮基团的聚氨酯组合物在100至160℃的温度下并且根据载体的性质固化。该固化温度优选为120至150℃,特别优选130至140℃。根据本发明使用的聚氨酯组合物的固化时间在5至60分钟内。
根据本发明使用的含有脲二酮基团的高反应性聚氨酯组合物B)提供极好的流动和因此良好的浸渍能力和在固化状态下优异的化学品耐受性。此外,在使用脂族交联剂(例如IPDI或H12MDI)时,还另外实现良好的耐候性。
所述基质材料的制造可以如下进行:用于制造聚氨酯组合物B)的所有组分的均化可以在合适的装置,例如可加热的搅拌釜、捏合机或甚至挤出机中进行,在此过程中不应超过120至130℃的温度上限。各组分的混合优选在挤出机中在下述温度下进行:该温度尽管位于各组分的熔融范围以上,但位于开始交联反应的温度以下。此后可以直接由熔体使用或在冷却和制造粉末后使用。也可以在溶剂中通过在前述装置中混合来进行聚氨酯组合物B)的制造。
接着,根据方法,将基质材料B)与载体A)和薄膜C)一起加工成预浸料。
根据本发明用作基质材料的反应性或高反应性聚氨酯组合物基本上由反应性树脂和固化剂的混合物构成。在熔体均化后,这种混合物具有至少40℃的Tg并通常在反应性聚氨酯组合物的情况下仅在160℃以上或在高反应性聚氨酯组合物的情况下在100℃以上反应,生成交联的聚氨酯并由此形成该复合材料的基质。这意味着根据本发明的预浸料在其制成后由载体和施加的作为基质材料的反应性聚氨酯组合物(其以非交联但反应性形式存在)构成。
该预浸料因此储存稳定通常数天和甚至数周,并因此可随时进一步加工成复合材料。这是与上文已描述的反应性且不耐储存的双组分体系的本质区别,因为在涂施后后者立即开始反应和交联产生聚氨酯。
根据本发明的预浸料以及复合部件具有大于50%,优选大于50-70%,特别优选50至65%的纤维体积含量。
作为(多层)膜,可以使用基于热塑性塑料或其混合物或配混物的层压膜,例如热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)、热塑性聚烯烃(TPO)、(甲基)丙烯酸酯类聚合物、聚碳酸酯薄膜(例如来自Sabic
Innovative Plastics的Lexan SLX)、聚酰胺、聚醚酯酰胺、聚醚酰胺、聚偏二氟乙烯(例如来自Soliant, AkzoNobel的Soliant Fluorex薄膜或来自Avery的Avloy)或金属化的或金属薄膜,例如铝、铜或其它材料,其中在制造预浸料时已进行与仍具有反应性或高反应性的含有脲二酮基团的基质体系的粘合。此外,在将预浸料进一步加工成复合材料的固化聚氨酯层压表面时另外进行该薄膜的进一步固定。基于热塑性材料的层压膜既可以整体通过颜料和/或染料着色,也可以印刷或在外表面上或涂布。
该层压膜具有0.2至10毫米之间,优选0.5至4毫米之间的厚度。软化点对储存稳定的高反应性聚氨酯组合物而言在80至260℃之间,优选在110至180℃之间,特别优选在130至180℃之间,对反应性聚氨酯组合物而言在130至220℃之间,并特别优选在160至220℃之间。
例如在WO 2004/067246中也描述了合适的薄膜。
根据本发明,层压膜在预浸料上的固定直接在预浸料的制造中进行。在此,所述薄膜的固定通过如图1中所示通过基质的粘合,通过在预浸料的干燥温度(亚交联温度,这是指基质材料的交联尚未开始的温度)下原位层压预浸料进行。通常在50至110℃的温度下实施这种固定。
也可以如此将层压膜固定到预浸料上:首先在第一步骤中制造预浸料和在第二步骤中将该薄膜施加并固定到已单独制成的预浸料上。所述薄膜的固定通过如图2中所示通过基质的粘合,通过在预浸料的干燥温度(亚交联温度)下层压预浸料进行。通常在50至110℃的温度下实施这种固定。
由此制成的具有层压膜的储存稳定的预浸料也可以与其它预浸料(未层压的)一起用合适的方法,例如高压釜-或压模法加工成层压材料或夹层部件,见图3。
对使用层压膜的一个替代方案是由基于制造根据本发明的储存稳定的预浸料用的反应性或高反应性聚氨酯组合物B)的相同或类似配方的材料单独制造装饰涂料层或薄膜。
根据本发明的预浸料的另一替代方案(和本发明的实施方式)由于明显提高的基质-与-纤维比而具有特殊表面品质。因此,其具有极低的纤维体积含量。在此实施方案中,对于特别平滑和/或有色的复合部件表面,设定< 50%,优选<
40%,特别优选<35%的纤维体积含量。在图4中显示这样的预浸料的示例性制备。
根据本发明的层压预浸料或双层预浸料的制造可以借助已知装置和设备通过反应注射成型(RIM)、增强反应注射成型(RRIM)、拉挤成型法、通过在轧机机架中或借助热刮刀施加溶液或其它方法进行。
本发明的主题还有特别是具有玻璃-、碳-或芳族聚酰胺-纤维的纤维状载体的预浸料的用途。
本发明的主题还有根据本发明的预浸料用于制造船舶建造中、航空航天技术中、汽车制造中和两轮车优选摩托车和自行车中以及在汽车、建筑、医学工程、运动、电-和电子工业、发电装置(例如用于风力发电装置中的转子叶片)领域中的复合材料的用途。
本发明的主题还有由根据本发明制成的预浸料制成的复合部件。根据该薄膜的性质,由本发明的预浸料制成的复合部件具有有色、亚光、特别平滑、耐划伤或抗静电处理的表面。
实施例
所用玻璃纤维网格布和玻璃纤维织物:
在实施例中使用下列玻璃纤维网格布和玻璃纤维织物,并在下文中被称作类型I和类型II。
类型I是来自“Schlösser &
Cramer”的亚麻布-E-玻璃布281 L
型号 3103。该织物具有280克/平方米的面积重量。
类型II GBX 600 型号1023是来自“Schlösser & Cramer”的缝合双轴E-玻璃网格布(-45/+45)。这应被理解为是指相互叠加并彼此呈90度角的两层纤维束。这种结构通过其它纤维(但其不由玻璃构成)固定在一起。玻璃纤维的表面配备有氨基硅烷改性的标准胶料。该网格布具有600克/平方米的面积重量。
反应性聚氨酯组合物
具有下列配方的反应性聚氨酯组合物用于制造预浸料和复合材料。
将经粉碎的该表的原料和染料和/或颜料在预混器中密切混合,然后在挤出机中在最高130℃下均化。此后,这种反应性聚氨酯组合物可根据制造方法用于预浸料的制造。这种反应性聚氨酯组合物随后在研磨后用于通过粉末浸渍法制造预浸料。对于直接熔体浸渍法,可直接使用在挤出机中制成的均化的熔体混合物。
高反应性聚氨酯组合物
具有下列配方的高反应性聚氨酯组合物用于制造预浸料和复合材料。
将经粉碎的该表的原料和染料和/或颜料在预混器中密切混合,然后在挤出机中在最高110℃下均化。此后,这种反应性聚氨酯组合物可根据制造方法用于预浸料的制造。
预浸料的制造
根据DE 102010029355借助于直接熔体浸渍法实施预浸料的制造。
在纤维状载体的熔体浸渍后立即实施薄膜固定,在此过程中小心注意,在预浸料上,在薄膜固定过程中存在的经浸渍的基质材料的温度比该薄膜的玻璃化转变温度高5至20℃之间,以在施加压力时发生薄膜与预浸料之间的粘合。
作为薄膜,例如使用Fluorex 2010(ABS 载体材料)(Soliant)或Senotop薄膜(Senoplast GmbH)。Senotop薄膜本身由数个共挤出的热塑性材料层构成并以A级表面为特征。
DSC测量
用Mettler Toledo DSC 821e根据DIN 53765进行DSC研究(玻璃化转变温度测定和反应焓测量)。
预浸料的储存稳定性
借助DSC研究用玻璃化转变温度和交联反应的反应焓测定预浸料的储存稳定性。
在室温下储存7周不损害该PU预浸料的交联能力。
复合部件制造
在复合压机上通过本领域技术人员已知的压制技术制造复合部件。将借助于直接熔体浸渍法制成的均匀预浸料在台式压机上压制成复合材料。这种台式压机是来自Schwabenthan公司的Polystat 200 T,在120至200℃之间的温度下用其将预浸料压制成相应的复合片材。压力在常压至450巴之间变化。根据部件尺寸、-厚度和聚氨酯组合物和因此在加工温度下的粘度调节,动态压制,即交替施压,经证实可有利于纤维的润湿。
在一个实例中,压机温度在熔融阶段中从90℃提高至110℃,在3分钟熔融阶段后压力提高至440巴,然后在150和440巴之间动态改变(7次,各持续1分钟),在此期间温度连续提高至140℃。接着将温度升至170℃并同时使压力保持在350巴直至在30分钟后从压机中取出复合部件。测试具有纤维体积含量> 50%的硬的刚性、耐化学品和抗冲击的复合部件(片材产品)的固化度(通过DSC测定)。经固化的基质的玻璃化转变温度的测定指示在不同固化温度下的交联进程。在所使用的聚氨酯组合物中,在大约25分钟后完全交联,然后也不再可检出交联反应的反应焓。在完全相同的条件下制造两种复合材料,然后测定和比较它们的性质。
Claims (16)
1.预浸料,其基本上如下构成
A) 至少一种纤维状载体
和
B) 作为基质材料的至少一种反应性或高反应性聚氨酯组合物,
其中所述聚氨酯组合物基本上含有作为粘合剂的具有异氰酸酯反应性官能团的聚合物b)和作为固化剂a)的内部封端的和/或用封端剂封端的二-或多异氰酸酯的混合物,
C) 至少一种通过聚氨酯组合物B)固定到预浸料上的薄膜。
2.根据权利要求1的预浸料,
其中所述基质材料B)具有至少40℃的Tg。
3.根据前述权利要求至少一项的预浸料,
其特征在于,
所述预浸料具有大于50%,优选大于50至70%,特别优选50至65%的纤维体积含量,
或
具有< 50%,优选<
40%,特别优选<35%的纤维体积含量。
4.根据前述权利要求至少一项的预浸料,
其特征在于,
含有基于热塑性塑料或其混合物或配混物,其特别是得自热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)、热塑性聚烯烃(TPO)、(甲基)丙烯酸酯类聚合物、聚碳酸酯、聚酰胺、聚醚酯酰胺、聚醚酰胺、聚偏二氟乙烯的薄膜或多层薄膜,或金属化的或金属薄膜。
5.根据前述权利要求至少一项的预浸料,
其特征在于,
含有具有厚度为0.2至10毫米,优选为0.5至4毫米的薄膜。
6.根据前述权利要求至少一项的预浸料,
其特征在于,
使用具有羟基、氨基和硫醇基的聚合物b),特别是具有OH值为20至500毫克KOH/克且平均摩尔质量为250至6000克/摩尔的聚酯、聚醚、聚丙烯酸酯、聚碳酸酯和聚氨酯。
7.用于制造根据前述权利要求至少一项的预浸料的直接熔体浸渍法,
其特征在于,
使用选自下述的二-或多异氰酸酯作为组分a)的原料化合物:异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(HDI)、二异氰酸根合二环己基甲烷(H12MDI)、2-甲基戊烷二异氰酸酯(MPDI)、2,2,4-三甲基六亚甲基二异氰酸酯/2,4,4-三甲基六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(TMDI)和/或降冰片烷二异氰酸酯(NBDI),特别优选IPDI、HDI、TMDI和/或H12MDI,其中也可使用异氰脲酸酯。
8.根据前述权利要求至少一项的预浸料,
其特征在于,
使用选自下述的外部封端剂用于a)的封端:乙酰乙酸乙酯、二异丙胺、甲基乙基酮肟、丙二酸二乙酯、ε-己内酰胺、1,2,4-三唑、苯酚或取代酚和/或3,5-二甲基吡唑。
9.根据前述权利要求至少一项的预浸料,
其特征在于,
使用异氰脲酸酯基团和ε-己内酰胺封端的异氰酸酯结构的IPDI加合物作为组分a)。
10.根据前述权利要求至少一项的预浸料,
其特征在于,
所述反应性聚氨酯组合物B)含有0.001
- 1重量%的量的另外的催化剂,优选为二月桂酸二丁基锡、辛酸锌、新癸酸铋,和/或叔胺,优选1,4-二氮杂双环[2.2.2]辛烷。
11.根据前述权利要求至少一项的预浸料,
其具有得自至少一种含有脲二酮基团的反应性聚氨酯组合物B)的基质材料,其基本上含有
a) 至少一种含有脲二酮基团的固化剂,所述固化剂基于脂族、(环)脂族或脂环族的含有脲二酮基团的多异氰酸酯和含羟基的化合物的加聚化合物,其中所述固化剂在40℃以下以固体形式存在和在125℃以上以液体形式存在,具有小于5重量%的游离NCO含量和3-25重量%的脲二酮含量,
b) 至少一种含羟基的聚合物,其在40℃以下以固体形式存在和在125℃以上以液体形式存在并具有20至200毫克KOH/克的OH值,
c) 任选至少一种催化剂,
d) 任选地,由聚氨酯化学已知的助剂和添加剂,
以使这两种组分a)和b)以这样的比例存在,即在组分b)的每个羟基上消耗组分a)的0.3至1个,优选0.45至0.55个脲二酮基团。
12.根据权利要求1至9至少一项的预浸料,其具有至少一种含有脲二酮基团的高反应性粉末状聚氨酯组合物B)作为基质材料,其基本上含有
a) 至少一种含有脲二酮基团的固化剂
和
b) 任选至少一种具有NCO基团反应性官能团的聚合物;
c) 0.1至5重量%的至少一种催化剂,其选自以卤离子、氢氧根、烷氧离子或有机或无机酸阴离子作为抗衡离子的季铵盐和/或季鏻盐;
和
d) 0.1至5重量%的至少一种助催化剂,其选自
d1)
至少一种环氧化物
和/或
d2)
至少一种金属乙酰丙酮化物和/或季铵乙酰丙酮化物和/或季鏻乙酰丙酮化物;
e) 任选地,由聚氨酯化学已知的助剂和添加剂。
13.根据前述权利要求1至9或12至少一项的预浸料,其具有至少一种含有脲二酮基团的高反应性粉末状聚氨酯组合物B)作为基质材料,其基本上含有
a) 至少一种含有脲二酮基团的固化剂,所述固化剂基于脂族、(环)脂族或脂环族的含有脲二酮基团的多异氰酸酯和含羟基的化合物的加聚化合物,其中所述固化剂在40℃以下以固体形式存在和在125℃以上以液体形式存在并具有小于5重量%的游离NCO含量和3-25重量%的脲二酮含量,
b) 至少一种含羟基的聚合物,其在40℃以下以固体形式存在和在125℃以上以液体形式存在并具有20至200毫克KOH/克的OH值;
c) 0.1至5重量%的至少一种催化剂,其选自以卤离子、氢氧根、烷氧离子或有机或无机酸阴离子作为抗衡离子的季铵盐和/或季鏻盐;
和
d) 0.1至5重量%的至少一种助催化剂,其选自
d1)
至少一种环氧化物
和/或
d2)
至少一种金属乙酰丙酮化物和/或季铵乙酰丙酮化物和/或季鏻乙酰丙酮化物;
e) 任选地,由聚氨酯化学已知的助剂和添加剂,
以使这两种组分a)和b)以这样的比例存在,即在组分b)的每个羟基上消耗组分a)的0.3至1个,优选0.6至0.9个脲二酮基团。
14.根据前述权利要求1至13至少一项的预浸料的用途,所述预浸料尤其具有玻璃-、碳-或芳族聚酰胺-纤维的纤维状载体。
15.根据权利要求1至14至少一项的预浸料用于制造船舶建造中、航空航天技术中、汽车制造中,用于两轮车,优选摩托车和自行车,在汽车、建筑、医学技术、运动、电-和电子工业、发电厂,例如风力发电厂中的转子叶片领域中的复合材料的用途。
16.由根据权利要求1至13至少一项的预浸料制成的复合部件。
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DE102010041256.2 | 2010-09-23 | ||
DE201010041256 DE102010041256A1 (de) | 2010-09-23 | 2010-09-23 | Prepregs auf der Basis lagerstabiler reaktiven oder hochreaktiven Polyurethanzusammensetzung mit fixierter Folie sowie die daraus hergestellten Composite-Bauteil |
PCT/EP2011/064905 WO2012038201A1 (de) | 2010-09-23 | 2011-08-30 | Prepregs auf der basis lagerstabiler reaktiven oder hochreaktiven polyurethanzusammensetzung mit fixierter folie sowie die daraus hergestellten composite-bauteil |
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CN103210022A true CN103210022A (zh) | 2013-07-17 |
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CN (1) | CN103210022A (zh) |
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DE102014207785A1 (de) | 2014-04-25 | 2015-10-29 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung von lagerstabilen Epoxy-Prepregs und daraus hergestellte Composites auf Basis von radikalisch polymerisierbaren Säuren und Epoxiden |
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EP3162548B1 (de) | 2015-10-30 | 2019-05-15 | Evonik Degussa GmbH | Polyurethan-prepregs mit steuerbarer klebrigkeit |
ES2880621T3 (es) | 2016-12-02 | 2021-11-25 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Productos preimpregnados de poliuretano 1K estables al almacenamiento y cuerpos moldeados a partir de la composición de poliuretano producidos a partir de estos |
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RU2710029C2 (ru) * | 2018-11-15 | 2019-12-24 | Акционерное общество "Информационные спутниковые системы" имени академика М.Ф. Решетнёва" | Способ изготовления гибко-плоского электронагревателя |
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- 2011-08-30 JP JP2013529595A patent/JP2013544899A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2011-08-30 BR BR112013006856A patent/BR112013006856A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2011-08-30 EP EP11757214.9A patent/EP2619257A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2011-08-30 KR KR20137010208A patent/KR20140002633A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2011-08-30 CA CA 2811665 patent/CA2811665A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2011-08-30 US US13/824,035 patent/US20130230716A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2011-09-20 TW TW100133800A patent/TW201226454A/zh unknown
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TW201226454A (en) | 2012-07-01 |
DE102010041256A1 (de) | 2012-03-29 |
JP2013544899A (ja) | 2013-12-19 |
CA2811665A1 (en) | 2012-03-29 |
MX2013003170A (es) | 2013-05-06 |
EP2619257A1 (de) | 2013-07-31 |
US20130230716A1 (en) | 2013-09-05 |
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