CN103202266A - Method for increasing yield of field ecologically bred wood frogs in the Changbai Mountain - Google Patents
Method for increasing yield of field ecologically bred wood frogs in the Changbai Mountain Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for increasing yield of field ecologically bred wood frogs in the Changbai Mountain, and aims to solve the problem about low yield of the field ecologically bred wood frogs in the Changbai Mountain. The method includes: (1) hatching fertilized eggs; (2) breeding tadpoles; (3) breeding metamorphosized tadpoles; (4) cultivating one-year-old froglets; (5) overwintering frogs populations; and (6) catching commercial frogs. By the method, the average yield for test demonstrated unit area is 24.54 frogs/hm<2>, is increased by 77.83% as compared with the average yield which is 13.8 frogs/hm<2> of current farmers, and is increased by 29.16% as compared with the highest yield which is 19 frogs/hm<2>of the current farmers. The method is applied in the breeding field of the frogs in the Changbai Mountain.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method that improves Changbai Mountain forest frog culture output.
Background technology
Four subspecies China forest frog (Rana chensinensis), that is: China forest frog nominate subspecies (Rana chensinensis chensinensis), China forest frog Kangding subspecies (Rana chensinensis kangdingensis), in China forest frog Lanzhou subspecies (Rana chensinensis lanzhouensis) and the China forest frog Changbai Mountain subspecies (Rana chensinensis changbaishanensis), Changbai Mountain subspecies (claiming the Changbai Mountain wood frog usually) build is maximum and stout and strong, be the wild economic batrachia of China's economic worth maximum, mainly be distributed in the northeast Changbaishan area.Long-term excessive seizure makes wild resource fall sharply, and is put into " Chinese animals on the brink of extinction Red Data Book " at present, watches for animals for national secondary is wild.Driven by its higher economic interests, since the eighties in 20th century, Changbaishan area foster frog industry development of a mass character is rapid, according to the preliminary statistics, only the peasant household of the open-air ecologic breeding pattern of east of Jilin province mountain area, upper level foundation " two mountains press from both sides a river " reaches 1731 families, and cultured area is 370,000 hm
2Practice shows that economy, society and the ecological benefits of culturing the Changbai Mountain wood frog are all more remarkable, and to promoting the mountain area economy development, the resource that saves the wild animals is kept regional bio-diversity and the ecological balance, all has positive role.
From investigation result, the output of the open-air ecologic breeding of Changbai Mountain wood frog is generally on the low side at present, and 2 ages, above commodity frog annual output was 13.8/hm
2, the raiser that output is the highest also has only 19/hm
2, minimum only 3/hm
2, have 67.3% raiser to be lower than 10/hm
2Cause the lower main cause of output: the one, the fertilized egg hatching rate is lower, is generally 20%～40%, and part raiser is lower than 10%; The 2nd, the breed survival rate of tadpole is lower, and on average 40%～60%, part raiser is about 20%～30%; The 3rd, the distortion ratio of tadpole is lower, generally 20%～40%; Four be 1 age froglet survival rate lower, all below 10%; The 5th, the survival rate of wood frog overwintering population is lower, mostly is lower than 50% even all dead; The 6th, the rate of recapture of the commodity frog is lower, generally below 1%.The comprehensive function of above-mentioned factor causes the output of the open-air ecologic breeding of Changbai Mountain wood frog on the low side for a long time, and then also has influence on the raising of economic benefit.The following open-air ecologic breeding output of Changbai Mountain wood frog and the economic benefit of improving, solving above-mentioned " six is low " is one of important channel, but the present method that still lacks a kind of strong operability, effect stability instructs the ecologic breeding of the open-air high-yield and high-efficiency of Changbai Mountain wood frog.
Summary of the invention
The present invention will solve the problem that the open-air ecologic breeding of Changbai Mountain wood frog yields poorly, and the method that improves the open-air ecologic breeding output of Changbai Mountain wood frog is provided.
The present invention improves the method for the open-air ecologic breeding output of Changbai Mountain wood frog, is undertaken by following steps:
Making and the distribution method of one, method for incubating oosperm: a, hatching basket: the hatching basket forms with the batten braiding, is shaped as cylindrically, and the height of hatching basket is 40～50cm, and diameter is 80～100cm; The hatching basket is placed on the central authorities of hatchery, hatching basket bottom bed hedgehopping 10～15cm, the external stability of hatching basket; The density that arranges of hatching basket is per 10～12m
2The hatching water surface is placed 6～8 hatching baskets; B, put ovum: when the water temperature of hatchery reaches 5～6 ℃, throw in frog's egg, throw in 5～7 frog's egg groups in each hatching basket, the frog's egg grain adds up to 6000～9000; C, hatching regulating and controlling water quality: during incubation, changed water once in 2 days, the depth of water in the hatching basket is 20～25cm; D, remove hatching basket: the spilting of an egg will hatch after 5～7 days and basket be removed;
Two, tadpole cultural method: the e quicklime sterilization of cleaning up the pond; F, put tadpole in a suitable place to breed: put in a suitable place to breed preceding 5～7 days tadpole, execute the fertilizer of fermentation maturity to the pond; Throw in tadpole then, throwing in the tadpole time is that the spilting of an egg began the back 11～13 days, and tadpole health total length reaches 8～10mm, and the breeding density of tadpole is: the tadpole breeding density less than 15 ages in days is 3000～4000/m
2, the tadpole breeding density of 15～25 ages in days is 800～1000/m
2, the tadpole breeding density of 30～40 ages in days is 500～700/m
2, be 200～300/m greater than the tadpole breeding density of 40 ages in days
2G, throwing are raised: feed mixes the back boiling by concentrated feed and green fodder in 3: 2 ratio of mass ratio and forms; Feeding method is to take the edge to disperse the method for throwing something and feeding; Feeding volume is for less than throwing something and feeding once 9～10 of tadpole every days of 15 ages in days, and one day total feeding volume is that 20～60g is raised in per 100 tadpoles throwing; Respectively throw something and feed once greater than tadpole point every days 7 of 25 ages in days, 12 and 19, one day total feeding volume is that per 100 tadpoles are thrown and raise 80～100g, and wherein 19 feeding volume is 60% of total feeding volume; H, pour water: adopt single filling method to pour water, before tadpole 30 ages in days, the depth of water of pouring water daytime is 5～10cm, night or the cloudy day depth of water 20～30cm that pours water; After tadpole 30 ages in days, the depth of water of pouring water 30～40cm; I, management: between feeding period, the full pond float quicklime slurry every 10～15 days, applied amount is 30～40g/m
3, Chi Shui pH value is 7.5～8.5; When the not enough 2.0mg/L of the dissolved oxygen content of Chi Shuizhong, inject new water;
Three, abnormal tadpole cultural method: j, abnormal tadpole culture the pond to build the position are that the area of river alongshore, woods edge or hypsography low-lying is built, and single pond specification is long 5m, wide 2m; The bottom, pond is built slope-shaped, and than reducing to 5%～8%, abnormal tadpole is cultured profundal zone, pond area and accounts for 30% of the gross area, and the depth of water is at 30～40cm; The phytal zone area accounts for 70% of the gross area, and the depth of water is at 1～5cm; The water temperature that abnormal tadpole is cultured the pond is 19～22 ℃; Rationally putting in a suitable place to breed of k, abnormal tadpole: when the tadpole as 5%～10% began metamorphosis, soon tadpole was pulled out and is placed on abnormal tadpole breed pond; The cultivation density that abnormal tadpole is cultured the pond is 350～500/m
2L, adjusting water level: reduce abnormal tadpole culturing pool position daytime, making the phytal zone depth of water is 3cm, fill with water and abnormal tadpole will be cultured the pond at night; During water filling, the temperature difference of the inside and outside water in pond is 2～3 ℃; M, mend to throw feed: respectively throw something and feed once every day 9～10 points, 15～16, feeding volume is 50～75g feed of throwing something and feeding of per 100 tadpoles;
Four, 1 age the froglet breeding method: n, abnormal later stage mend in good time and throw feed: when abnormal tadpole is cultured tadpole in the pond and has 80%～90% to finish metamorphosis, respectively throw something and feed once every day 9～10 points, 15～16, feeding volume is per 100 tadpoles 50～75g that throw something and feed, throw in the feed, concentrated feed accounts for the ratio of gross weight and classifies 80% as, and the shared ratio of green fodder is 20%; The feeding and management of o, enforcement science: the froglet of collecting abnormal one-tenth transports in the mountain forest, sprays water in the mountain forest meadow then, and be transferred to survive the winter water body with froglet mid-October;
Five, one or more in wood frog population wintering method kind of the frog that is that natural river course is survived the winter, artificial dyke is survived the winter and little reservoir is survived the winter;
Six, commodity frog recapture method is that land recapture, water body are fished for, advance the mountain recapture early winter and subglacial in winter one or more in fishing for.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
One, the method for the open-air ecologic breeding output of raising Changbai Mountain wood frog provided by the invention, be at the lower actual conditions of the open-air ecologic breeding hatchability of fertile eggs of Changbai Mountain wood frog in the past, by adopting the method for incubating oosperm basket hatching, overcome the existing drawback of traditional method for incubating oosperm effectively, improved the fertilized egg hatching rate significantly.Adopt incubating oosperm basket hatching m of the present invention, the incubation rate average out to 91.8% (87.4%～96.2%) of 2001～2012 years incubating oosperm baskets in the open-air ecologic breeding test region of Changbai Mountain, big spring, Liuhe County, Jilin Province wood frog is 20%～40% apparently higher than the incubation rate that adopts traditional hatching m.
Two, the method for the open-air ecologic breeding output of raising Changbai Mountain wood frog provided by the invention, be to culture the lower problem of survival rate at the open-air ecologic breeding tadpole of Changbai Mountain wood frog in the past, integrated and integrated application by new technologies and methods, overcome the existing drawback of traditional cultural method effectively, the breed survival rate of tadpole is obviously improved.Adopt tadpole cultural method of the present invention, the tadpole in 2001～2012 years in the open-air ecologic breeding test region of Changbai Mountain, big spring, Liuhe County, Jilin Province wood frog is cultured survival rate average out to 86.7% (77.6%～93.6%), is 40%～60% apparently higher than the survival rate that adopts conventional method to culture.
Three, the method for the open-air ecologic breeding output of raising Changbai Mountain wood frog provided by the invention, it is the lower problem of tadpole distortion ratio at the open-air ecologic breeding of Changbai Mountain wood frog in the past, integrated application by multiple new method, overcome the existing drawback of traditional cultural method effectively, can obviously improve the distortion ratio of tadpole.Adopt abnormal tadpole cultural method of the present invention, the tadpole distortion ratio average out to 80.3% (71.8%～89.4%) in 2001～2012 years in the open-air ecologic breeding test region of Changbai Mountain, big spring, Liuhe County, Jilin Province wood frog is 20%～40% apparently higher than the distortion ratio that adopts conventional method to culture.
Four, the method for the open-air ecologic breeding output of raising Changbai Mountain wood frog provided by the invention, be at the open-air ecologic breeding of Changbai Mountain wood frog in the past 1 age the froglet breeding method, less and the lower problem of 1 froglet survival rate in age of abnormal young frog specification, by with 1 age froglet nurturing period project forwardly to the abnormal later stage of tadpole, change the do not throw something and feed integrated application of multiple new methods such as conventional method of feed of tadpole period of metamorphosis, overcome the existing drawback of traditional breeding method effectively, thus improved the abnormal young frog specification and 1 age the froglet survival rate.Adopt of the present invention 1 age the froglet breeding method, the average specification of 2001～2012 years abnormal froglets in the open-air ecologic breeding test region of Changbai Mountain, big spring, Liuhe County, Jilin Province wood frog is 3.74g (1.71～4.57g), specification apparently higher than the traditional breeding method of employing is 1.5g, 1 age froglet survival rate average out to 31.7% (24.2%～43.6%), also apparently higher than the survival rate that adopts traditional breeding method namely 10%.
Five, the method for the open-air ecologic breeding output of raising Changbai Mountain wood frog provided by the invention, it is the population that survives the winter (comprise the commodity frog that 1 age froglet, 2 ages are above and the 3 ages above all) problem that survival rate is lower at the open-air ecologic breeding of Changbai Mountain wood frog in the past, by to the transformation of traditional hibernacle and be aided with the overwinter management measure of enforcement science, the survival rate of wood frog overwintering population is obviously improved.Adopt wood frog overwintering method of the present invention, 2001～2012 years wood frog natural river courses in the open-air ecologic breeding of Changbai Mountain, big spring, Liuhe County, Jilin Province wood frog test region are survived the winter, the artificial overall survival rate average out to 73.7% (63.7%～87.2%) that dyke is survived the winter and little reservoir is survived the winter, wherein, the artificial dyke survival rate average out to 88.3% (82.6%～92.7%) of surviving the winter; The overwintering survival rate of the little reservoir kind frog, bulk storage method average out to 95.2% (94.6%～98.3%), cage are thrown in method average out to 98.6% (96.4%～100%).Overall overwintering survival rate is 50% apparently higher than the overwintering survival rate that adopts conventional method.
Six, the method for the open-air ecologic breeding output of raising Changbai Mountain wood frog provided by the invention, it is the lower problem of the commodity frog rate of recapture at the open-air ecologic breeding of Changbai Mountain wood frog in the past, by improving traditional recapture method, explore on water body and land, the mountain with suiting measures to local conditions with the mountain under the three-dimensional recapture method that combines, its effect increases greatly.Adopt commodity frog recapture method of the present invention, the open-air ecologic breeding of Changbai Mountain, big spring, Liuhe County, Jilin Province wood frog test region was total to 132518 of the recapture commodity frogs in 2001～2012 years, and the overall rate of recapture is 3.834%; 11043 of the annual recapture commodity frogs, the annual rate of recapture is 3.522%.The overall rate of recapture is 1% apparently higher than the rate of recapture that adopts conventional method.
Adopt the method for the open-air ecologic breeding output of raising provided by the invention Changbai Mountain wood frog, set up open-air ecologic breeding experiment and demonstration district 450hm in forest frog culture base, Changbai Mountain, big spring, Liuhe County, Jilin Province
2, carry out 2001～2012 years of experiment and demonstration 132518 of the recapture commodity frogs altogether, 11043 of recaptures every year on average, 24.54/hm of reduced unit's area output average out to
2, than present raiser's 13.8/hm of average yield
2Improve 77.83%, also than raiser's 19/hm of maximum output
2Improve 29.16%.Therefore, the method for the open-air ecologic breeding output of raising of the present invention Changbai Mountain wood frog be science with feasible.
Embodiment
Embodiment one: present embodiment improves the method for the open-air ecologic breeding output of Changbai Mountain wood frog, is undertaken by following steps:
Making and the distribution method of one, method for incubating oosperm: a, hatching basket: the hatching basket forms with the batten braiding, is shaped as cylindrically, and the height of hatching basket is 40～50cm, and diameter is 80～100cm; The hatching basket is placed on the central authorities of hatchery, hatching basket bottom bed hedgehopping 10～15cm, the external stability of hatching basket; The density that arranges of hatching basket is per 10～12m
2The hatching water surface is placed 6～8 hatching baskets; B, put ovum: when the water temperature of hatchery reaches 5～6 ℃, throw in frog's egg, throw in 5～7 frog's egg groups in each hatching basket, the frog's egg grain adds up to 6000～9000; C, hatching regulating and controlling water quality: during incubation, changed water once in 2 days, the depth of water in the hatching basket is 20～25cm; D, remove hatching basket: the spilting of an egg will hatch after 5～7 days and basket be removed;
Two, tadpole cultural method: the e quicklime sterilization of cleaning up the pond; F, put tadpole in a suitable place to breed: put in a suitable place to breed preceding 5～7 days tadpole, execute the fertilizer of fermentation maturity to the pond; Throw in tadpole then, throwing in the tadpole time is that the spilting of an egg began the back 11～13 days, and tadpole health total length reaches 8～10mm, and the breeding density of tadpole is: the tadpole breeding density less than 15 ages in days is 3000～4000/m
2, the tadpole breeding density of 15～25 ages in days is 800～1000/m
2, the tadpole breeding density of 30～40 ages in days is 500～700/m
2, be 200～300/m greater than the tadpole breeding density of 40 ages in days
2G, throwing are raised: feed mixes the back boiling by concentrated feed and green fodder in 3: 2 ratio of mass ratio and forms; Feeding method is to take the edge to disperse the method for throwing something and feeding; Feeding volume is for less than throwing something and feeding once 9～10 of tadpole every days of 15 ages in days, and one day total feeding volume is that 20～60g is raised in per 100 tadpoles throwing; Respectively throw something and feed once greater than tadpole point every days 7 of 25 ages in days, 12 and 19, one day total feeding volume is that per 100 tadpoles are thrown and raise 80～100g, and wherein 19 feeding volume is 60% of total feeding volume; H, pour water: adopt single filling method to pour water, before tadpole 30 ages in days, the depth of water of pouring water daytime is 5～10cm, night or the cloudy day depth of water 20～30cm that pours water; After tadpole 30 ages in days, the depth of water of pouring water 30～40cm; I, management: between feeding period, the full pond float quicklime slurry every 10～15 days, applied amount is 30～40g/m
3, Chi Shui pH value is 7.5～8.5; When the not enough 2.0mg/L of the dissolved oxygen content of Chi Shuizhong, inject new water;
Three, improve the abnormal tadpole cultural method of the open-air ecologic breeding output of Changbai Mountain wood frog: j, abnormal tadpole and culture the pond to build the position be that the area of river alongshore, woods edge or hypsography low-lying is built, single pond specification is long 5m, wide 2m; The bottom, pond is built slope-shaped, and than reducing to 5%～8%, abnormal tadpole is cultured profundal zone, pond area and accounts for 30% of the gross area, and the depth of water is at 30～40cm; The phytal zone area accounts for 70% of the gross area, and the depth of water is at 1～5cm; The water temperature that abnormal tadpole is cultured the pond is 19～22 ℃; Rationally putting in a suitable place to breed of k, abnormal tadpole: when the tadpole as 5%～10% began metamorphosis, soon tadpole was pulled out and is placed on abnormal tadpole breed pond; The cultivation density that abnormal tadpole is cultured the pond is 350～500/m
2L, adjusting water level: reduce abnormal tadpole culturing pool position daytime, making the phytal zone depth of water is 3cm, fill with water and abnormal tadpole will be cultured the pond at night; During water filling, the temperature difference of the inside and outside water in pond is 2～3 ℃; M, mend to throw feed: respectively throw something and feed once every day 9～10 points, 15～16, feeding volume is 50～75g feed of throwing something and feeding of per 100 tadpoles;
Four, improve the open-air ecologic breeding output of Changbai Mountain wood frog 1 age the froglet breeding method: n, abnormal later stage mend in good time and throw feed: when abnormal tadpole is cultured tadpole in the pond and has 80%～90% to finish metamorphosis, respectively throw something and feed once every day 9～10 points, 15～16, feeding volume is per 100 tadpoles 50～75g that throw something and feed, throw in the feed, concentrated feed accounts for the ratio of gross weight and classifies 80% as, and the shared ratio of green fodder is 20%; The feeding and management of o, enforcement science: the froglet of collecting abnormal one-tenth transports in the mountain forest, sprays water in the mountain forest meadow then, and be transferred to survive the winter water body with froglet mid-October;
Five, one or more in the wood frog population wintering method that improves the open-air ecologic breeding output of Changbai Mountain wood frog kind of the frog that is that natural river course is survived the winter, artificial dyke is survived the winter and little reservoir is survived the winter;
Six, the commodity frog recapture method that improves the open-air ecologic breeding output of Changbai Mountain wood frog is that land recapture, water body are fished for, advance the mountain recapture early winter and subglacial in winter one or more in fishing for.
The beneficial effect of present embodiment:
One, the method for the open-air ecologic breeding output of raising Changbai Mountain wood frog that provides of present embodiment, be at the lower actual conditions of the open-air ecologic breeding hatchability of fertile eggs of Changbai Mountain wood frog in the past, by adopting the method for incubating oosperm basket hatching, overcome the existing drawback of traditional method for incubating oosperm effectively, improved the fertilized egg hatching rate significantly.Adopt the incubating oosperm basket hatching m of present embodiment, the incubation rate average out to 91.8% (87.4%～96.2%) of 2001～2012 years incubating oosperm baskets in the open-air ecologic breeding test region of Changbai Mountain, big spring, Liuhe County, Jilin Province wood frog is 20%～40% apparently higher than the incubation rate that adopts traditional hatching m.
Two, the method for the open-air ecologic breeding output of raising Changbai Mountain wood frog that provides of present embodiment, be to culture the lower problem of survival rate at the open-air ecologic breeding tadpole of Changbai Mountain wood frog in the past, integrated and integrated application by new technologies and methods, overcome the existing drawback of traditional cultural method effectively, the breed survival rate of tadpole is obviously improved.Adopt the tadpole cultural method of present embodiment, the tadpole in 2001～2012 years in the open-air ecologic breeding test region of Changbai Mountain, big spring, Liuhe County, Jilin Province wood frog is cultured survival rate average out to 86.7% (77.6%～93.6%), is 40%～60% apparently higher than the survival rate that adopts conventional method to culture.
Three, the method for the open-air ecologic breeding output of raising Changbai Mountain wood frog that provides of present embodiment, it is the lower problem of tadpole distortion ratio at the open-air ecologic breeding of Changbai Mountain wood frog in the past, integrated application by multiple new method, overcome the existing drawback of traditional cultural method effectively, can obviously improve the distortion ratio of tadpole.Adopt the abnormal tadpole cultural method of present embodiment, the tadpole distortion ratio average out to 80.3% (71.8%～89.4%) in 2001～2012 years in the open-air ecologic breeding test region of Changbai Mountain, big spring, Liuhe County, Jilin Province wood frog is 20%～40% apparently higher than the distortion ratio that adopts conventional method to culture.
Four, the method for the open-air ecologic breeding output of raising Changbai Mountain wood frog that provides of present embodiment, be at the open-air ecologic breeding of Changbai Mountain wood frog in the past 1 age the froglet breeding method, less and the lower problem of 1 froglet survival rate in age of abnormal young frog specification, by with 1 age froglet nurturing period project forwardly to the abnormal later stage of tadpole, change the do not throw something and feed integrated application of multiple new methods such as conventional method of feed of tadpole period of metamorphosis, overcome the existing drawback of traditional breeding method effectively, thus improved the abnormal young frog specification and 1 age the froglet survival rate.Adopt present embodiment 1 age the froglet breeding method, the average specification of 2001～2012 years abnormal froglets in the open-air ecologic breeding test region of Changbai Mountain, big spring, Liuhe County, Jilin Province wood frog is 3.74g (1.71～4.57g), specification apparently higher than the traditional breeding method of employing is 1.5g, 1 age froglet survival rate average out to 31.7% (24.2%～43.6%), also apparently higher than the survival rate that adopts traditional breeding method namely 10%.
Five, the method for the open-air ecologic breeding output of raising Changbai Mountain wood frog that provides of present embodiment, it is the population that survives the winter (comprise the commodity frog that 1 age froglet, 2 ages are above and the 3 ages above all) problem that survival rate is lower at the open-air ecologic breeding of Changbai Mountain wood frog in the past, by to the transformation of traditional hibernacle and be aided with the overwinter management measure of enforcement science, the survival rate of wood frog overwintering population is obviously improved.Adopt the wood frog overwintering method of present embodiment, 2001～2012 years wood frog natural river courses in the open-air ecologic breeding of Changbai Mountain, big spring, Liuhe County, Jilin Province wood frog test region are survived the winter, the artificial overall survival rate average out to 73.7% (63.7%～87.2%) that dyke is survived the winter and little reservoir is survived the winter, wherein, the artificial dyke survival rate average out to 88.3% (82.6%～92.7%) of surviving the winter; The overwintering survival rate of the little reservoir kind frog, bulk storage method average out to 95.2% (94.6%～98.3%), cage are thrown in method average out to 98.6% (96.4%～100%).Overall overwintering survival rate is 50% apparently higher than the overwintering survival rate that adopts conventional method.
Six, the method for the open-air ecologic breeding output of raising Changbai Mountain wood frog that provides of present embodiment, it is the lower problem of the commodity frog rate of recapture at the open-air ecologic breeding of Changbai Mountain wood frog in the past, by improving traditional recapture method, explore on water body and land, the mountain with suiting measures to local conditions with the mountain under the three-dimensional recapture method that combines, its effect increases greatly.Adopt the commodity frog recapture method of present embodiment, the open-air ecologic breeding of Changbai Mountain, big spring, Liuhe County, Jilin Province wood frog test region was total to 132518 of the recapture commodity frogs in 2001～2012 years, and the overall rate of recapture is 3.834%; 11043 of the annual recapture commodity frogs, the annual rate of recapture is 3.522%.The overall rate of recapture is 1% apparently higher than the rate of recapture that adopts conventional method.
The method of the open-air ecologic breeding output of raising Changbai Mountain wood frog that the employing present embodiment provides has been set up open-air ecologic breeding experiment and demonstration district 450hm in forest frog culture base, Changbai Mountain, big spring, Liuhe County, Jilin Province
2, carry out 2001～2012 years of experiment and demonstration 132518 of the recapture commodity frogs altogether, 11043 of recaptures every year on average, 24.54/hm of reduced unit's area output average out to
2, improve 77.83% than present raiser's 13.8/hm2 of average yield, also than raiser's 19/hm of maximum output
2Improve 29.16%.Therefore, the method for the open-air ecologic breeding output of the raising Changbai Mountain wood frog of present embodiment be science with feasible.
Embodiment two: what present embodiment and embodiment one were different is that the described batten of step 1 is false indigo stem, shrub lespedeza bar or willow Strip.Other steps are identical with embodiment one with parameter.
Embodiment three: present embodiment is different with embodiment one or two when being the described input frog's egg of step 1 according to the egg-laying time of wood frog, and the frog's egg that produces in 2 days is hatched with the pond, and is neat to guarantee the wood frog embryonic development.Other steps are identical with embodiment one or two with parameter.
Embodiment four: present embodiment is different with one of embodiment one to three is that the sterilization of cleaning up the pond of the described quicklime of step 2 is clean up the pond sterilization or be with the water sterilization of cleaning up the pond of dry method; Wherein dry method is cleaned up the pond sterilization method for to put in a suitable place to breed preceding 10～15 days tadpole, executes lump lime, and applied amount is 1.5～2.0kg/m2, carries out the dry method sterilization of cleaning up the pond; Band water is cleaned up the pond sterilization method for to put in a suitable place to breed preceding 10～15 days tadpole, executes lump lime, and applied amount is 200～300g/m3.Other steps are identical with one of embodiment one to three with parameter.
Embodiment five: what present embodiment was different with one of embodiment one to four is that the described applied amount from the farmyard manure of fermentation maturity to the pond that execute of step 2 is 1.2～1.5kg/m2.Other steps are identical with one of embodiment one to four with parameter.
Embodiment six: what present embodiment was different with one of embodiment one to five is that the described concentrated feed of step 2 is 8: 6: 5 by soya-bean cake, corn flour, wheat bran and Chinese sorghum face in mass ratio: 1 ratio mixes, and green fodder is the green grass of chopping.Other steps are identical with one of embodiment one to five with parameter.
Embodiment seven: present embodiment is different with one of embodiment one to six is that tadpole is pulled out described in the step 3 is placed on abnormal tadpole to culture the time of fishing in pond be early morning every day or at dusk.Other steps are identical with one of embodiment one to six with parameter.
Embodiment eight: present embodiment is different with one of embodiment one to seven is that the survive the winter method of kind of the frog of rapid five described little reservoirs is: one, shallow water is supported temporarily: storage pond, holding pond arranges the diagonal formula entery and delivery port, and adds block; High 50～the 60cm of abutment wall wall of storage pond, holding pond, long 5m, wide 3m keeps the storage pond, holding pond depth of water 10～20cm; The input density of planting the frog in the storage pond, holding pond is 600～700/m2, supports temporarily to below the water temperature to 5 ℃ the time, is transferred to little reservoir and survives the winter; During kind of the frog is supported temporarily, respectively throw something and feed the artificial yellow mealworm of cultivating once at 17 and 22 of every day, feeding volume is the 15～30g that throws something and feeds of per 100 kind frogs at every turn; Two, planting the frog throws in: adopt bulk storage method or cage input method to throw in kind of a frog; The bulk storage method at first crops straw, wormwood or branch are bundled into grass, in put stone and sink to little reservoir bottom, will plant the frog then and render in the little reservoir with the density of 400～500/m2; Cage input method is thrown in cage for planting the frog earlier, and then cage is rendered in the reservoir, and the length of cage is respectively 70cm, 60cm and 30cm, survive the winter 500 of wood frogs of each cage dress.Other steps are identical with one of embodiment one to seven with parameter.
Embodiment nine: what present embodiment was different with one of embodiment one to eight is that the method that rapid five described natural river courses are survived the winter is: one, create the required necessary condition of suitable wood frog overwintering and suitable ecotope; Two, the wood frog of guaranteeing to enter in the river is soaked into hibernacle.Other steps are identical with one of embodiment one to eight with parameter.
Embodiment ten: what present embodiment was different with one of embodiment one to nine is that the method that rapid five described artificial dykes are survived the winter is: one, build artificial dyke: select the zone that the wood frog branch is concentrated in the culturing area to build some little dykes, guarantee that the interior wood frog of the above 500m scope of dyke can both enter the dyke water body and survive the winter, and whole little dyke all to be built the same side in river course in; Two, specification and the quantity of artificial dyke: each dyke water surface is at 200～300m
2, the degree of depth of dyke is with winter during the maximum ice layer thickness, and subglacial does not freeze water layer and remains on 1～1.2m and get final product; Three, the method that solves the problem of water entry of wood frog overwintering population is at the beginning of the wood frog entry 3～5 days, uses water pumper 24h every day; Maybe will survive the winter the interim enclosure of wood frog population on the sandstone ground of artificial dyke edge thing; Other steps are identical with one of embodiment one to nine with parameter.
Embodiment 11: present embodiment is different with one of embodiment one to ten is that the method for rapid six described land recaptures is: place obstacles method or dig pit and establish a bag method of ditching, wherein the ditching method of placing obstacles be under late September to the early October wood frog in front of the mountains, during wood frog is gone down the hill on the way in the culture zone, bury a timber underground every 1.5～2m, tie up to Polypropylence Sheet on the rod securely, form fence, the fence height is 80～100cm, perpendicular to the ground, bottom 20～the 30cm that buries, coming to and dig a ditch parallel with fence, furrow width 80～100cm apart from Polypropylence Sheet 30～50cm place far away wood frog then, dark 40～50cm can catch the commodity frog; Bag method of establishing of digging pit is dug several diameters and the degree of depth all at the heatable adobe sleeping platform of 40～50cm in the way of going down the hill wood frog, puts gunnysack in the hole, and the gunnysack mouth opens big or small consistent with the hole, and m seq receipts are caught then.Other steps are identical with one of embodiment one to ten with parameter.
Embodiment 12: present embodiment is different with one of embodiment one to 11 is that the method that rapid six described water bodys are fished for is the urn laws on arrests, turns over that stone method, net are caught, electric fishing, draws nest method, grass trapping or blocking cut-off process.Other steps are identical with one of embodiment one to 11 with parameter.
Embodiment 13: present embodiment is different with one of embodiment one to 12 is during rapid six methods of advancing the mountain recapture described early winter are early November to the middle ten days, go up a hill and turn over leaf, relieve the burden, remove withered tree and the loose mount of pruning, catch the commodity frog that hides inside.Other steps are identical with one of embodiment one to 12 with parameter.
Embodiment 14: what present embodiment was different with one of embodiment one to 13 is that the method that rapid six described winters, subglacial was fished for is opened for the ice sheet of the water body of will surviving the winter, with the write by hand net or draw in the net to fish for gregarious wood frog for a short time, with wherein 1 age froglet be put back into the water body of surviving the winter, only choose the commodity frog.Other steps are identical with one of embodiment one to 13 with parameter.
By following verification experimental verification beneficial effect of the present invention:
Test 1, this test have been set up open-air ecologic breeding experiment and demonstration district 450hm in forest frog culture base, Changbai Mountain, big spring, Liuhe County, Jilin Province
2,
This test improves the method for the open-air ecologic breeding output of Changbai Mountain wood frog, is undertaken by following steps:
Making and the distribution method of one, method for incubating oosperm: a, hatching basket: the hatching basket forms with the willow Strip braiding, is shaped as cylindrically, and the height of hatching basket is 45cm, and diameter is 90cm; The hatching basket is placed on the central authorities of hatchery, hatching basket bottom bed hedgehopping 10～15cm, the external stability of hatching basket; The density that arranges of hatching basket is every 11m
2The hatching water surface is placed 7 hatching baskets; B, put ovum: when the water temperature of hatchery reaches 5～6 ℃, throw in frog's egg, throw in 6 frog's egg groups in each hatching basket, the frog's egg grain adds up to 6000～9000; C, hatching regulating and controlling water quality: during incubation, changed water once in 2 days, the depth of water in the hatching basket is 20～25cm; D, remove hatching basket: the spilting of an egg will hatch after 5～7 days and basket be removed;
Two, tadpole cultural method: the e quicklime sterilization of cleaning up the pond; F, put tadpole in a suitable place to breed: put in a suitable place to breed preceding 5～7 days tadpole, execute the farmyard manure of fermentation maturity to the pond, applied amount is 1.2～1.5kg/m
2Throw in tadpole then, throwing in the tadpole time is that the spilting of an egg began the back 11～13 days, and tadpole health total length reaches 8～10mm, and the breeding density of tadpole is: the tadpole breeding density less than 15 ages in days is 3000～4000/m
2, the tadpole breeding density of 15～25 ages in days is 800～1000/m
2, the tadpole breeding density of 30～40 ages in days is 500～700/m
2, be 200～300/m greater than the tadpole breeding density of 40 ages in days
2G, throwing are raised: feed mixes the back boiling by concentrated feed and green fodder in 3: 2 ratio of mass ratio and forms; Feeding method is to take the edge to disperse the method for throwing something and feeding, and namely throw more the waterside, and throw or do not throw middle lacking.When throwing something and feeding, feed is pinched into bulk, divide some rickles to render to the phytal zone all around in pond; Less than throwing something and feeding once 9～10 of tadpole every days of 15 ages in days, one day total feeding volume is that per 100 tadpoles are thrown and raise 20～60g; Respectively throw something and feed once greater than tadpole point every days 7 of 25 ages in days, 12 and 19, one day total feeding volume is that per 100 tadpoles are thrown and raise 80～100g, and wherein 19 feeding volume is 60% of total feeding volume; H, pour water: adopt single filling method to pour water, before tadpole 30 ages in days, the depth of water of pouring water daytime is 5～10cm, night or the cloudy day depth of water 20～30cm that pours water; After tadpole 30 ages in days, the depth of water of pouring water 30～40cm; I, management: between feeding period, the full pond float quicklime slurry every 10～15 days, applied amount is 30～40g/m
3, Chi Shui pH value is 7.5～8.5; When the not enough 2.0mg/L of the dissolved oxygen content of Chi Shuizhong, inject new water; Wherein concentrated feed is 8: 6: 5 by soya-bean cake, corn flour, wheat bran and Chinese sorghum face in mass ratio: 1 ratio mixes, and green fodder is the green grass of chopping.
Three, improve the abnormal tadpole cultural method of the open-air ecologic breeding output of Changbai Mountain wood frog: j, abnormal tadpole and culture the pond to build the position be that the area of river alongshore, woods edge or hypsography low-lying is built, single pond specification is long 5m, wide 2m; The bottom, pond is built slope-shaped, and than reducing to 5%～8%, abnormal tadpole is cultured profundal zone, pond area and accounts for 30% of the gross area, and the depth of water is at 30～40cm; The phytal zone area accounts for 70% of the gross area, and the depth of water is at 1～5cm; The water temperature that abnormal tadpole is cultured the pond is 19～22 ℃; Rationally putting in a suitable place to breed of k, abnormal tadpole: when the tadpole as 5%～10% began metamorphosis, soon tadpole was pulled out and is placed on abnormal tadpole breed pond; The cultivation density that abnormal tadpole is cultured the pond is 350～500/m
2L, adjusting water level: reduce abnormal tadpole culturing pool position daytime, making the phytal zone depth of water is 3cm, fill with water and abnormal tadpole will be cultured the pond at night; During water filling, the temperature difference of the inside and outside water in pond is 2～3 ℃; M, mend to throw feed: respectively throw something and feed once every day 9～10 points, 15～16, feeding volume is 50～75g feed of throwing something and feeding of per 100 tadpoles; The constituent of the feed of throwing is the same with the feed that tadpole is cultured the phase;
Four, improve the open-air ecologic breeding output of Changbai Mountain wood frog 1 age the froglet breeding method: n, abnormal later stage mend in good time and throw feed: when abnormal tadpole is cultured tadpole in the pond and has 80%～90% to finish metamorphosis, respectively throw something and feed once every day 9～10 points, 15～16, feeding volume is per 100 tadpoles 50～75g that throw something and feed, throw in the feed, concentrated feed accounts for the ratio of gross weight and classifies 80% as, and the shared ratio of green fodder is 20%; The feeding and management of o, enforcement science: the froglet of collecting abnormal one-tenth transports in the mountain forest, sprays water in the mountain forest meadow then, and be transferred to survive the winter water body with froglet mid-October;
Five, one or more in the wood frog population wintering method that improves the open-air ecologic breeding output of Changbai Mountain wood frog kind of the frog that is that natural river course is survived the winter, artificial dyke is survived the winter and little reservoir is survived the winter, concrete grammar is as follows:
(1) natural river course is survived the winter: the open-air ecologic breeding of Changbai Mountain wood frog, can utilize the natural river course in the culturing area to survive the winter on the spot.Under the natural conditions, the place of suitable wood frog overwintering is below the deep water gulf, tree root in the slow location of current in the river course, in the stone seam, the medium place of silt.Utilize the natural river course in the culturing area to survive the winter, its method is as follows:
A, creation are fit to the required necessary condition of wood frog overwintering and suitable ecotope, as in lacking the river course of natural things concealed, should manually throw in foreign material such as some bales, branch, stone tile, but artificial things concealed quantity of placing is advisable not stop up the river course, prevent that river from remaining in a standstill, form ice face in flakes, wood frog freezes to death;
Uneven bottom b, the natural river course, just entered the wood frog in the river, find hibernacle often to be strayed in the pitting of bottom, river course because being eager, all freezed to death when icing, so when forming one deck thin ice face to face, wood frog in the pitting is fished for water outlet in good time, transfer to real hibernacle, can reduce the loss like this;
(2) artificial dyke is survived the winter: this wintering method is in culturing area, utilizes the little dyke of manually building to survive the winter, and its method is as follows:
The construction method of a, artificial dyke: select the zone that the wood frog distribution is relatively concentrated in the culturing area to build little dyke, guarantee that the interior wood frog of the above 500m scope of dyke can both enter the dyke water body and survive the winter, and little dyke all will build the same side in river course in, can prevent spring the destruction of " peach blossom water " like this;
Specification and the quantity of b, artificial dyke: be that 1000～2000m, area of woods are 50～150hm in river length generally
2, planting the frog, to put quantity in a suitable place to breed be that the quantity of artificial dyke gets final product at 2～3 in 800～1200 pairs the culturing area, each dyke water surface is at 200～300m
2, the degree of depth of dyke is with winter during the maximum ice layer thickness, and subglacial does not freeze water layer and remains on 1～1.2m and get final product;
C, solve the problem of water entry of wood frog overwintering population: because artificial dyke mostly is immobilising stagnant water environment, and wood frog only enters and survives the winter in the mobile water environment, thereby need solve the problem of water entry of the wood frog population that survives the winter, its method is as follows: the wood frog population that enters the water body of surviving the winter under the field condition is generally all very concentrated, according to these characteristics, in 3～5 days at the beginning of the wood frog entry, by small-sized water pumper, carry out continuous uninterrupted start round the clock, to build a microcirculatory flowing water environment, stimulate entry in the wood frog cluster, after most wood frog entry, the available machine time of water pumper changes 19 point～23 point into; To survive the winter the interim enclosure of wood frog population at artificial dyke edge in advance specially on the ready sandstone ground, and wood frog slips under the situation of surviving the winter in the soil can not digging a hole, and also can enter artificial dyke water body and survive the winter;
(3) little reservoir kind of the frog that survives the winter: the open-air ecologic breeding of Changbai Mountain wood frog often has the little reservoir of part in the zone, most of peasant households also usually utilize these little reservoirs to carry out surviving the winter of kind of the frog, the present invention is on traditional wintering method basis of kind of the frog, filter out shallow water and support and rationally throw in two new steps temporarily, carrying out the little reservoir of kind of the frog survives the winter, thereby form the method that improves Changbai Mountain wood frog kind frog overwintering survival rate under a kind of field condition, concrete steps are as follows:
A, shallow water are supported temporarily: after the wood frog population that generally survives the winter enters the water body of surviving the winter, water outlet again when water temperature is gone up, when water temperature descends again, even if without the microcirculation current, wood frog also can oneself return the water body of surviving the winter, like this after the repeated multiple times, the consumption of wood frog physique is bigger, influence overwintering survival rate, for kind of a frog, also can badly influence the egg reproduction ability of next year.So it is the transition stage that kind of the frog survives the winter that shallow water is supported temporarily, also be must process step, its method is: the method for construction of storage pond, holding pond: the best results of storage pond, holding pond at the bottom of with cement, enclosure wall is made of Polypropylence Sheet, and the diagonal formula entery and delivery port is set, and adds that block is anti-to be escaped; High 50～the 60cm of abutment wall wall of storage pond, holding pond, long 5m, wide 3m keeps the depth of water 10～20cm; Foreign material such as some branches, stone, brick tile are thrown in the bottom, pond, as the things concealed of surviving the winter of kind of the frog, perch for kind of a frog; Plant the put-on method of the frog in the storage pond, holding pond: with the kind frog that autumn, recapture was arrived, with 600～700/m
2Density put into storage pond, holding pond, support when dropping to below 5 ℃ to water temperature temporarily, transfer to little reservoir and formally survive the winter; Supplement feed: during the kind frog was supported temporarily, the feed of in time throwing something and feeding was in order to avoid its physique can not get replenishing because consuming too much energy; Respectively throw something and feed once yellow mealworm 15～30g that feeding volume is thrown something and fed and manually cultivated for each per 100 kind frogs at 17 and 22 of every day;
The reasonable input that b, the little reservoir kind frog survive the winter: the present invention is on the basis of conventional method, filter out the two kinds little following reasonable put-on methods that the reservoir kind frog survives the winter: the bulk storage method: at first crops straw, wormwood, branch etc. are bundled into the grass handle, in put stone and sink to little reservoir bottom, the things concealed of surviving the winter as kind of the frog; To plant the frog then with 400～500/m
2Density render to dispersedly in the little reservoir, allow it freely seek hibernacle; Cage is thrown in method: will plant the frog earlier and throw in cage, and then cage is rendered in the reservoir.This cage forms with braidings such as iron wire line, willow branch, shrub lespedeza bars, and its length is respectively 70cm, 60cm and 30cm, and after each cage was thrown in things concealed, can surviving the winter, (amount to into density was 1000～1300/m to about 500 of wood frogs
2);
(4) the survive the winter management of phase:
The management method that a, natural river course are survived the winter: mainly be to prevent river cutout, in case find cutout, open ice immediately, focus in artificial dyke or the little reservoir and continue to survive the winter being dispersed in wood frog that different places survives the winter; Really need to open ice when fishing for wood frog, its operating process is wanted to prevent frostbite or the wood frog that freezes to death rapidly;
The management method that b, artificial dyke are survived the winter: often check the water level situation in the dyke, prevent seepage, pinpoint the problems, should in time remedy; Keep water cleaning, find that water quality turns green or blackening, the fresh river of should in time annotating, and discharge bottom sewage, to all change water when serious;
The management method that c, the little reservoir kind frog survive the winter: when utilizing little reservoir to survive the winter kind of the frog, mainly should control the warehouse-in water yield of different time sections, concrete grammar is: 11～December, river surface in the culturing area is not formed thick ice as yet, river discharge is still bigger, should suitably control the warehouse-in water yield, prevent overflow; In 1～February of next year, the river discharge in the culturing area is less, and river is in dry season, and river is all put in storage, with amount of makeup water, prevents reservoir internal cause lack of water and causes the ice face to subside, perhaps freeze-drying;
D, three kinds of wintering methods, the wood frog that all will guarantee subglacial in the phase of surviving the winter is in the deep hibernation state all the time, otherwise wood frog increases its oxygen demand because not entering deep hibernation, cause physical consumption excessive, physique is thin and weak, even death by suffocation, and for kind of a frog, even if can tide over the phase of surviving the winter, when finishing hibernation spring in next year and going out the river, also normally breed because of the physique impotentia of too becoming thin.Its concrete administrative law is: overwintering period reduces artificial disturbance as far as possible, as on the ice face any vibrations being arranged; Should in time remove when snowing, guarantee that the subglacial water body has enough illuminance, promote the photosynthesis of phytoplankton in the water layer, increase the dissolved oxygen content in the subglacial water environment;
(5) management method of surviving the winter latter stage:
The wood frog that a, natural entry are survived the winter when water temperature reach 3～4 ℃, when temperature reaches more than 5～7 ℃, can the nature water outlet and finish hibernation, no longer need human intervention;
B, adopt cage to throw in method and carry out the kind frog that little reservoir is survived the winter, must finish in hibernation, before the natural water outlet, from cage, fish for water outlet, prevent from causing because water outlet is untimely death by suffocation;
Six, the commodity frog recapture method that improves the open-air ecologic breeding output of Changbai Mountain wood frog for late September to late October wood frog go down the hill into the peak period in river, in wood frog is gone down the hill the way in river, adopt land recapture method; After wood frog goes into the river, adopt water body to fish for method, and " clear out a gathering place " to draw the nest method; Adopt mountain recapture method before going into the winter; Carry out the subglacial recapture winter.
(1) land recapture: land of the present invention recapture, refer to that wood frog in the fall goes down the hill to enter to survive the winter in this segment distance before the water body, take suitable method effectively to intercept seizure, the culturing area that big reservoir and river are particularly arranged, adopt the effect of land recapture method particularly remarkable during Cold Dew to the Frost's Descent, its method is as follows:
A, the ditching method of placing obstacles: under late September to the early October wood frog in front of the mountains, wood frogs such as the woods limit in culturing area, reservoir side, meadow, riverbank go down the hill relatively to concentrate location and only way which must be passed, far bury a timber underground every 1.5～2m, tie up to Polypropylence Sheet on the rod securely, form fence, height is advisable with 80～100cm, perpendicular to the ground or to the direction that wood frog migration comes tilt slightly some all can, 20～30cm buries in the bottom.Coming to and dig a ditch parallel with fence, its wide 80～100cm, dark 40～50cm apart from Polypropylence Sheet 30～50cm place far away wood frog.When wood frog runs into stopping of ditch and fence, just fall in the ditch or climb to fence bottom and be hunted down;
B, dig pit and establish a bag method: in wood frog is gone down the hill the way, excavate several diameters and the degree of depth all at the heatable adobe sleeping platform of 40～50cm, put a gunnysack in the hole, the gunnysack mouth open and with the hole big or small consistent, set up a light trap night above near coal-mine, wood frog is looked for food because being eager and falls in the hole, and just can receive and catch second day morning.
(2) water body is fished for: water body is fished for and is referred to that autumn, wood frog entered river recapture process afterwards, and its method is as follows:
A, urn laws on arrests: move about along current according to wood frog and to seek the biological property of hibernacle, at water surface width be below the 3m, below the degree of depth 50cm, flow velocity is 0.1m
3In the river below the/s, all be fit to use the urn laws on arrests, its method is: it is that material is woven into that urn adopts with willow Strip, shrubby flase indigo mock or shrub lespedeza mock, and this urn water permeability is good, and recapture efficient is higher; Early September begins the river in the culturing area is cleared up, and nails on timber at the river surface of choosing, and is woven into wall with wormwood and branch, buries with gravel and soddy soil again, forms " eight " font urn rim of the mouth; Near " eight " font urn rim of the mouth foreign material are cleaned out, have been stayed delivery port, then with under urn to the mouth door, the inner foreign material such as some branches, stone, brick tile of throwing in advance of urn, wood frog is drifted about downstream and swims urn and be hunted down;
B, turn over the stone method: after autumn, wood frog entered the river, perch daytime under the stone seam, general inertia is gone into after the peak period, river, also is difficult to seizure with instruments such as urns again, at this moment availablely turns over the recapture of stone method, and effect is better;
C, net are caught: this recapture method usually and urn catch to unite and carry out, employed netting gear is a lot, wherein to lift the best results of net, its method is: lift the handle that net has 2 long 1.2～1.5m, net length of a film 1～1.2m, wide 60～80cm is provided with sinker and bottom line; When fishing for, a people top water behaviour net, another person stirs things concealeds such as stone, careless pier in the upstream with rake, drives wood frog, makes in its trip network access that drifts about downstream;
D, electric fishing: the suitable commodity frog that catches except kind of the frog of this method, can be revived after 30～40 minutes by the wood frog after hitting unconsciously, its method is: before and after mid-October, major part is through with after the wood frog of land life enters the river, be introduced under the slabstone, tree root the inside, fine sand pile medium temporary transient hibernacle, peak around the Frost's Descent, at this moment available magneto aligning wood frog roost shocks by electricity, and its stunning is hunted down;
E, draw the nest method: draw the nest method and catch when wood frog normally " is cleared out a gathering place " in the recapture later stage and adopt, its method is:
The cave, river bank catches: easily by river scour out cavity, the good place of wood frog overwintering often can capture up to a hundred wood frogs in 1 hole sometimes here under the tree root of river bank and the careless pier.Before the seizure, touch or stir in the hole with stock with hand earlier, judge whether have wood frog to perch in the hole with this, and then catch;
River bed sand nest catches: wood frog has the habit that inhabits in the gravel of river bed, and wood frog health at this moment often is embedded in the sand heap and forms the roundlet nest, and the gravel in the nest is fresh and loose, central authorities protrude, be easy to be found, in case find that this little sand bag appears in the river bed, stretch out one's hand and to capture wood frog;
The mud nest catches: wood frog also burrows through the place, river bend that is everlasting, and makes the mud nest of washbasin shape, and available write by hand net is fished for;
F, grass are trapping: go down the hill the initial stage river when big wood frog, be suitable for adopting this method to catch, its method is: be bundled into the grass handle with branch, wormwood, stalk etc., put into the river bottom, lure wood frog to enter the inside and survive the winter, take out the grass handle, just can capture the wood frog that hides inside;
G, blocking cut-off process: before wood frog recapture later stage to river freezes during this period of time, be fit to adopt this method recapture, its method is: build a little check dam in the middle of the river, change the direction of a stream of water and block this section river, open the bigger stone of river bed portion, can capture the wood frog that perches below stone;
(3) advance the mountain recapture early winter: in some intermountain ditches trouble conditions preferably in the culturing area, it is close generally all to have a ditch depth woods, the natural characteristic that the water yield is abundant, the woodland litter horizon is thicker, and is nearly more than the 50cm, moist under the branch, temperature is suitable, and the part wood frog is not gone down the hill, but selects to survive the winter on the spot.The weather arid in autumn in time that also has, temperature descends suddenly and enters winter rapidly, and some wood frog has little time also to survive the winter on the spot in order to adapt to sudden environmental change.The wood frog that these are survived the winter on the spot, the overwhelming majority is the above commodity frogs in 2 ages, hiding place mostly is under leaf the inside, the stone, below the withered tree, the soft medium place of skin soil layer, mountain.Whenever running into above-mentioned situation, also can recapture to the commodity frog of some, its method is: during the early November to the middle ten days in time early winter, go up a hill and turn over leaf, relieve the burden, remove withered tree, the loose mount etc. of pruning, just can capture the commodity frog that hides inside;
(4) winter, subglacial was fished for: the wood frog in the winter subglacial water body, usually gregarious hibernation, crowd together mutually between the wood frog individuality, often form that a quantity reaches hundreds of only even thousands of wood frog heap, mostly concentrate on the places such as place, commentaries on classics gulf, profundal zone, silt alluvial place, warm fountain and artificial overwintering water body in river.Utilize this biological property, also but recapture is to the part commodity frog for subglacial in the winter time, and its method is: the ice sheet of the water body of will surviving the winter is opened, with the write by hand net or draw in the net to fish for gregarious wood frog for a short time, with wherein 1 age froglet be put back into the original water body of surviving the winter, only pick out the commodity frog.
Adopt the method for this test, be total to 132518 of the recapture commodity frogs in 2001～2012 years, the overall rate of recapture is 3.834%; 11043 of the annual recapture commodity frogs, the annual rate of recapture is 3.522%.
Above result of the test shows, the hatchability of fertile eggs of the open-air ecologic breeding of this test, tadpole culture survival rate, tadpole distortion ratio, 1 age froglet survival rate, the population that survives the winter survival rate and the commodity frog rate of recapture on average be respectively 91.8%, 86.7%, 80.3%, 86.7%, 73.7% and 3.834%, all apparently higher than traditional cultural method, this test was total to 132518 of the recapture commodity frogs in 2001～2012 years, 11043 of recaptures every year on average, 24.54/hm of reduced unit's area output average out to
2, than existing raiser's 13.8/hm of average yield
2Improve 77.83%, also than raiser's 19/hm of maximum output
2Improve 29.16%.Therefore, be fairly obvious on the method effect of the open-air ecologic breeding output of raising Changbai Mountain wood frog of this test.
Claims (8)
1. improve the method for the open-air ecologic breeding output of Changbai Mountain wood frog, it is characterized in that the method that improves the open-air ecologic breeding output of Changbai Mountain wood frog undertaken by following steps:
Making and the distribution method of one, method for incubating oosperm: a, hatching basket: the hatching basket forms with the batten braiding, is shaped as cylindrically, and the height of hatching basket is 40～50cm, and diameter is 80～100cm; The hatching basket is placed on the central authorities of hatchery, hatching basket bottom bed hedgehopping 10～15cm, the external stability of hatching basket; The density that arranges of hatching basket is per 10～12m
2The hatching water surface is placed 6～8 hatching baskets; B, put ovum: when the water temperature of hatchery reaches 5～6 ℃, throw in frog's egg, throw in 5～7 frog's egg groups in each hatching basket, the frog's egg grain adds up to 6000～9000; C, hatching regulating and controlling water quality: during incubation, changed water once in 2 days, the depth of water in the hatching basket is 20～25cm; D, remove hatching basket: the spilting of an egg will hatch after 5～7 days and basket be removed;
Two, tadpole cultural method: the e quicklime sterilization of cleaning up the pond; F, put tadpole in a suitable place to breed: put in a suitable place to breed preceding 5～7 days tadpole, execute the fertilizer of fermentation maturity to the pond; Throw in tadpole then, throwing in the tadpole time is that the spilting of an egg began the back 11～13 days, and tadpole health total length reaches 8～10mm, and the breeding density of tadpole is: the tadpole breeding density less than 15 ages in days is 3000～4000/m
2, the tadpole breeding density of 15～25 ages in days is 800～1000/m
2, the tadpole breeding density of 30～40 ages in days is 500～700/m
2, be 200～300/m greater than the tadpole breeding density of 40 ages in days
2G, throwing are raised: feed mixes the back boiling by concentrated feed and green fodder in 3: 2 ratio of mass ratio and forms; Feeding method is to take the edge to disperse the method for throwing something and feeding; Less than throwing something and feeding once 9～10 of tadpole every days of 15 ages in days, one day total feeding volume is that per 100 tadpoles are thrown and raise 20～60g; Respectively throw something and feed once greater than tadpole point every days 7 of 25 ages in days, 12 and 19, one day total feeding volume is that per 100 tadpoles are thrown and raise 80～100g, and wherein 19 feeding volume is 60% of total feeding volume; H, pour water: adopt single filling method to pour water, before tadpole 30 ages in days, the depth of water of pouring water daytime is 5～10cm, night or the cloudy day depth of water 20～30cm that pours water; After tadpole 30 ages in days, the depth of water of pouring water 30～40cm; I, management: between feeding period, the full pond float quicklime slurry every 10～15 days, applied amount is 30～40g/m
3, Chi Shui pH value is 7.5～8.5; When the not enough 2.0mg/L of the dissolved oxygen content of Chi Shuizhong, inject new water;
Three, improve the abnormal tadpole cultural method of the open-air ecologic breeding output of Changbai Mountain wood frog: j, abnormal tadpole and culture the pond to build the position be that the area of river alongshore, woods edge or hypsography low-lying is built, single pond specification is long 5m, wide 2m; The bottom, pond is built slope-shaped, and than reducing to 5%～8%, abnormal tadpole is cultured profundal zone, pond area and accounts for 30% of the gross area, and the depth of water is at 30～40cm; The phytal zone area accounts for 70% of the gross area, and the depth of water is at 1～5cm; The water temperature that abnormal tadpole is cultured the pond is 19～22 ℃; Rationally putting in a suitable place to breed of k, abnormal tadpole: when the tadpole as 5%～10% began metamorphosis, soon tadpole was pulled out and is placed on abnormal tadpole breed pond; The cultivation density that abnormal tadpole is cultured the pond is 350～500/m
2L, adjusting water level: reduce abnormal tadpole culturing pool position daytime, making the phytal zone depth of water is 3cm, fill with water and abnormal tadpole will be cultured the pond at night; During water filling, the temperature difference of the inside and outside water in pond is 2～3 ℃; M, mend to throw feed: respectively throw something and feed once every day 9～10 points, 15～16, feeding volume is 50～75g feed of throwing something and feeding of per 100 tadpoles;
Four, improve the open-air ecologic breeding output of Changbai Mountain wood frog 1 age the froglet breeding method: n, abnormal later stage mend in good time and throw feed: when abnormal tadpole is cultured tadpole in the pond and has 80%～90% to finish metamorphosis, respectively throw something and feed once every day 9～10 points, 15～16, feeding volume is per 100 tadpoles 50～75g that throw something and feed, throw in the feed, concentrated feed accounts for the ratio of gross weight and classifies 80% as, and the shared ratio of green fodder is 20%; The feeding and management of o, enforcement science: the froglet of collecting abnormal one-tenth transports in the mountain forest, sprays water in the mountain forest meadow then, and be transferred to survive the winter water body with froglet mid-October;
Five, one or more in the wood frog population wintering method that improves the open-air ecologic breeding output of Changbai Mountain wood frog kind of the frog that is that natural river course is survived the winter, artificial dyke is survived the winter and little reservoir is survived the winter;
Six, the commodity frog recapture method that improves the open-air ecologic breeding output of Changbai Mountain wood frog is that land recapture, water body are fished for, advance the mountain recapture early winter and subglacial in winter one or more in fishing for.
2. the method for the open-air ecologic breeding output of raising Changbai Mountain wood frog according to claim 1 is characterized in that the described batten of step 1 is false indigo stem, shrub lespedeza bar or willow Strip.
3. the method for the open-air ecologic breeding output of raising according to claim 1 Changbai Mountain wood frog according to the egg-laying time of wood frog, is hatched the frog's egg that produces in 2 days when it is characterized in that the described input frog's egg of step 1 with the pond, neat to guarantee the wood frog embryonic development.
4. the method for the open-air ecologic breeding output of raising according to claim 1 Changbai Mountain wood frog is characterized in that the sterilization of cleaning up the pond of the described quicklime of step 2 is clean up the pond sterilization or be with the water sterilization of cleaning up the pond of dry method; Wherein dry method is cleaned up the pond sterilization method for to put in a suitable place to breed preceding 10～15 days tadpole, executes lump lime, and applied amount is 1.5～2.0kg/m
2, carry out the dry method sterilization of cleaning up the pond; Band water is cleaned up the pond sterilization method for to put in a suitable place to breed preceding 10～15 days tadpole, executes lump lime, and applied amount is 200～300g/m
3
5. the method for the open-air ecologic breeding output of raising Changbai Mountain wood frog according to claim 1 is characterized in that the described applied amount from the farmyard manure of fermentation maturity to the pond that execute of step 2 is 1.2～1.5kg/m
2
6. the method for the open-air ecologic breeding output of raising according to claim 1 Changbai Mountain wood frog, it is characterized in that the described concentrated feed of step 2 is 8: 6: 5 by soya-bean cake, corn flour, wheat bran and Chinese sorghum face in mass ratio: 1 ratio mixes, and green fodder is the green grass of chopping.
7. the method for the open-air ecologic breeding output of raising according to claim 1 Changbai Mountain wood frog, it is characterized in that tadpole is pulled out described in the step 3 being placed on abnormal tadpole, to culture the time of fishing in pond be early morning every day or at dusk.
8. the method for the open-air ecologic breeding output of raising according to claim 1 Changbai Mountain wood frog, it is characterized in that the survive the winter method of kind of the frog of the described little reservoir of step 5 is: one, shallow water is supported temporarily: storage pond, holding pond arranges the diagonal formula entery and delivery port, and adds block; High 50～the 60cm of abutment wall wall of storage pond, holding pond, long 5m, wide 3m keeps the storage pond, holding pond depth of water 10～20cm; The input density of planting the frog in the storage pond, holding pond is 600～700/m
2, support temporarily to below the water temperature to 5 ℃ the time, be transferred to little reservoir and survive the winter; During kind of the frog is supported temporarily, respectively throw something and feed the artificial yellow mealworm of cultivating once at 17 and 22 of every day, feeding volume is the 15～30g that throws something and feeds of per 100 kind frogs at every turn; Two, planting the frog throws in: adopt bulk storage method or cage input method to throw in kind of a frog; The bulk storage method at first crops straw, wormwood or branch are bundled into grass, in put stone and sink to little reservoir bottom, will plant the frog then with 400～500/m
2Density render in the little reservoir; Cage input method is thrown in cage for planting the frog earlier, and then cage is rendered in the reservoir, and the length of cage is respectively 70cm, 60cm and 30cm, survive the winter 500 of wood frogs of each cage dress.
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