CN103173597B - 提高大型h13钢热挤压模具使用性能的方法 - Google Patents
提高大型h13钢热挤压模具使用性能的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN103173597B CN103173597B CN201310064217.4A CN201310064217A CN103173597B CN 103173597 B CN103173597 B CN 103173597B CN 201310064217 A CN201310064217 A CN 201310064217A CN 103173597 B CN103173597 B CN 103173597B
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- Prior art keywords
- forging
- blank
- insulation
- mould
- normalizing
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- 238000001192 hot extrusion Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 210000001519 tissues Anatomy 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000002093 peripheral Effects 0.000 abstract 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000002035 prolonged Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum Chemical compound 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Abstract
本发明涉及铝合金热挤压模具领域，尤其涉及一种提高大型H13钢热挤压模具使用性能的方法，其特征在于，包括其在锻造过程中采用的横向纤维流向锻造、锻后正火及球化退火，具体包括以下步骤：1）毛坯装炉升至1180～1200℃；2）将毛坯进行轴向锻造，继续对毛坯进行径向锻造，使模具毛坯的圆周方向为纤维流向，锻造比≥4；3）进行锻后正火及球化退火。与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：横向纤维流向锻造工艺使模具中心部位的纤维流向呈圆周方向分布，模具的组织比较均匀、致密，锻后的正火及球化退火的热处理工艺，能够消除网状碳化物，改善晶相组织构造，从而提高模具使用寿命2倍以上。
Description
提高大型H13钢热挤压模具使用性能的方法
技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及铝、镁、钛轻合金材料深加工技术和高性能金属材料的生产技术和工艺领域，特别涉及一种用于50MN以上工业铝型材热挤压机使用的提高大型H13钢热挤压模具使用性能的方法。
背景技术
[0002] H13热作模具钢是铝型材热挤压成型过程中使用的热挤压模具的主要材料，目前，国内主要采取轴向锻造工艺制作热挤压模具，模具中心部位的纤维流向为轴向，这种纤维流向结构的模具按照NADCA#207-2003标准检验其金相组织，在B3~B5级间，其内部组织不够均匀、不够致密、碳化物形状还不够规则，采用原有工艺生产的模具不能满足大型热挤压机的生产要求。由于在大型工业铝型材热挤压成型生产过程中模具使用寿命短，严重影响了热挤压机工作效率及工业铝型材企业的生产成本，同时制约了我国超大型工业铝型材挤压技术的发展。
发明内容
[0003] 本发明的目的在于提供一种提高大型H13钢热挤压模具使用性能的方法，满足和提高工业铝型材在热挤压成型过程中对模具的使用性能要求，通过制定新的锻造及锻后热处理工艺，改善金相组织构造，提高横向力学性能，从而提高模具使用寿命。
[0004] 为实现上述目的，本发明采用了如下技术方案:
[0005] 提高大型H13钢热挤压模具使用性能的方法，包括其在锻造过程中采用的横向纤维流向锻造、锻后正火及球化退火，具体包括以下步骤:
[0006] I)毛坯装炉时，炉内温度为400~450°C，装炉后以55~60°C /h的速度升至850~900°C，保温2h后，再以100~110°C /h的速度升至1180~1200°C，保温3h ；
[0007] 2)将毛坯进行轴向锻造，镦粗、拔长操作不少于4次，锻造比> 4 ;继续对毛坯进行径向锻造，按镦粗、滚圆、平整顺序操作不少于4次，使模具毛坯的圆周方向为纤维流向，锻造比≥4，锻造过程中，毛坯温度不低于1150°C ；
[0008] 3)进行锻后正火及球化退火，锻后毛坯装炉温度不高于450°C，以55~60°C /h的速度升至890~910°C，保温4h后空冷至310~330°C，保温2h，再以55~60°C /h的速度升至855~865°C，保温6h后炉冷至500°C后空冷至室温，炉冷降温速度小于20°C /h。
[0009] 与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是:
[0010] 由于采用横向纤维流向锻造及锻后正火及球化退火工艺使模具中心部位的纤维流向呈圆周方向分布，模具的组织比较均匀、致密，同时能够消除网状碳化物，改善晶相组织构造，按照NADCA#207-2003标准检验其金相组织，在Al~A3级间，在相同条件下采用新工艺生产的模具是原有模具使用寿命的2-5倍，大型模具使用寿命提高5倍以上，满足大型铝型材热挤压机对模具的要求，从而提高了大型热挤压机工作效率及工业铝型材企业的生产成本，并节约了社会资源。附图说明
[0011] 图1是本发明锻造工艺流程示意图(箭头方向为纤维流向)；
[0012] 图2是锻后正火与球化退火工艺曲线图；
[0013] 图3是本发明实施例中锻造工艺流程尺寸变化示意图。
具体实施方式
[0014] 下面结合附图对本实用新型的具体实施方式作进一步说明:
[0015] 本发明提高大型H13钢热挤压模具使用性能的方法，包括其在锻造过程中采用的横向纤维流向锻造、锻后正火及球化退火，具体包括以下步骤:
[0016] 1)毛坯装炉时，炉内温度为400~450°C，装炉后以55~60°C /h的速度升至850~900°C，保温2h后，再以100~110°C /h的速度升至1180~1200°C，保温3h ；
[0017] 2)将毛坯进行轴向锻造，镦粗、拔长操作不少于4次，锻造比≥4，继续对毛坯进行径向锻造，按镦粗、滚圆、平整顺序操作不少于4次，使模具毛坯的圆周方向为纤维流向，锻造比≥4，锻造过程中，毛坯温度不低于1150°C ;见图1 ;
[0018] 3)进行锻后正火及球化退火，锻后毛坯装炉温度不高于450°C，以55~60°C /h的速度升至890~910°C，保温4h后空冷至310~330°C，保温2h，再以55~60°C /h的速度升至855~865°C，保温6h后炉冷至500°C后空冷至室温，炉冷降温速度小于20°C /h，见图2。
[0019]以制作规格为(0960+20±5) X (160 + 20+° )的模具料还为例，其具体操作步骤如下:
[0020] 1)毛坯装炉时，炉内温度为425±25°C，装炉后以60°C /h的速度升至850°C，保温2h后，再以100°C /h的速度升至1190±10°C，保温311 ；
[0021] 2)见图3，将毛坯进行轴向锻造，做镦粗、拔长操作不少于4次，锻造比≥4，继续对毛坯进行径向锻造，按镦粗、滚圆、平整顺序操作不少于4次，使模具毛坯的圆周方向为纤维流向，锻造比>4，工艺过程中按图示尺寸进行控制，锻造过程中，毛坯温度不低于1150°C，每个工序分别由2火次完成；
[0022] 3)模具料坯锻造完成后进行锻后热处理，装炉温度不高于450°C，以60°C /h的速度升至900±10°C，保温4h后空冷至320±10°C，保温2h，再以60°C /h的速度升至860±5°C，保温6h后炉冷至500°C后空冷至室温，炉冷降温速度小于20°C /h。
Claims (1)
1.提高大型H13钢热挤压模具使用性能的方法，其特征在于，包括其在锻造过程中采用的横向纤维流向锻造、锻后正火及球化退火，具体包括以下步骤: 1)毛坯装炉时，炉内温度为400~450°C，装炉后以55~60°C /h的速度升至850~900°C，保温2h后，再以100~110°C /h的速度升至1180~1200°C，保温3h; 2)将毛坯进行轴向锻造，镦粗、拔长操作不少于4次，锻造比> 4 ;继续对毛坯进行径向锻造，按镦粗、滚圆、平整顺序操作不少于4次，使模具毛坯的圆周方向为纤维流向，锻造比≥4，锻造过程中，毛坯温度不低于1150°C ； 3)进行锻后正火及球化退火，锻后毛坯装炉温度不高于450°C，以55~60°C /h的速度升至890~910°C，保温4h后空冷至310~330°C，保温2h，再以55~60°C /h的速度升至855~865°C，保温6h后炉冷至500°C后空冷至室温，炉冷降温速度小于20°C /h。
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