A kind of method of utilizing composite bacteria fermented soybean dregs to make protein feed
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of utilizing composite bacteria fermented bean products discarded object to make protein feed, multiple probio, biology enzyme and bioactivator that feed after fermentation contains simultaneously and is of value to livestock and poultry abilities of digestive and absorption, improves immunity and cold-resistant copingability, belong to agricultural products technical field.
Background technology
China is the native place of soybean, is also the cradle of bean product.Soybean is one of important grain and oil crop of China, annual production more than 10,000,000, wherein 1/3rd staple foods as the people and non-staple food.Up to now, the bean product of the Chinese style production history of existing more than 2000 year.Along with bean product nutritive value is more and more familiar with by people, the fashionable world of the upsurge of human consumption soybean goods.Have economist prophesy, Future Ten year, the potential commodity of tool were not automobiles, neither electronic product, but bean product.
Bean dregs are byproducts of producing in the process of bean products such as bean curd, soymilk, generally every 10 kilograms of soybean, can produce dry bean dregs 7-8 kilogram left and right, China is maximum bean product producing country and country of consumption of the whole world, bean dregs output is very big, prove after deliberation, in soybean, some nutritional labeling remains in bean dregs, general soybean residue water content 85%, protein 3.0%, fat 0.5%, carbohydrate (cellulose, polysaccharide etc.) 8.0%, in addition, also contains the mineral matters such as calcium, phosphorus, iron, its nutrition, higher than numerous groove slags, has the wide prospect of utilizing.At present, domestic and international each producer, workshops etc. are in the time manufacturing bean product, be difficult for preserving because raw bean dregs have, be easy to moldy metamorphism, majority is directly as feed, the utilization rate of its nutrition and energy, less than 20%, has lost its potential nutritive value and economic worth.Even this part is directly made the bean dregs that feed is used, also there is following problem: in raw bean dregs, contain the ANFs such as antitrypsin, saponin, hemagglutinin, wherein trypsin ihhibitor, it can hinder pig body endotrypsin digesting and assimilating bean protein, cause diarrhoea, impact growth, palatability is poor, be difficult to digestion, feed is tired low.Even through simple boiling, these adverse factors still exist, having a common saying " bean dregs feed pigs; feed and more contract " is exactly this reason, this is not only very large loss economically, and greatly wasted valuable resource, therefore how making full use of the bean product discarded objects such as the growing bean dregs of output becomes one of problem of various countries' researcher concern.
Protein raw materials deficiency is a most thorny problem of current feedstuff industry, the whole world is faced with the reality of protein resource scarcity at present, domestic at present, the primary raw material dregs of beans of foreign data albumen, holding at high price of fish meal, find and develop new protein resource and become feed industry urgent problem, making full use of existing resource turns waste into wealth, develop brand-new protein feed, nonhazardous protection of the environment, become the focus of research in the future, how by means of microbial technique, utilize discarded protein raw materials, exploitation high protein full price novel fodder, vegetable protein and inorganic nitrogen are converted into the microprotein of animal capable good absorption.It is an important topic of feed industry research and development from now on.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is, overcome problems of the prior art, a kind of modern microbial fermentation technology that adopts is provided, utilize mould, fungi composite bacteria to ferment to bean dregs, produce a kind of protein feed that is rich in single cell protein and various biotransferases, to meet ever-increasing protein feed needs, be that one turns waste into wealth, significantly reduce the new agricultural technology of discarded object environmental pollution in agricultural and food processing.
In order to address the above problem, technical scheme of the present invention is such:
Utilize composite bacteria fermented soybean dregs to make a method for protein feed, described composite bacteria is made up of Trichoderma, rice aspergillus and saccharomyces cerevisiae, by add bean dregs class agricultural or food debris in base-material, carries out composite fermentation; Abundant single cell protein in product after fermentation, its digestible energy and metabolizable energy improve, and crude fiber content reduces.And contain a large amount of probios and abundant enzyme, bioactivator, as coacetylase, ubiquinone, glutathione, ergosterol etc.; It is characterized in that, step is as follows:
The first step: bean dregs are processed and sterilization
By fresh bean dregs, dewater to 70% water content through squeezing (sheet frame or gauze), be equipped with dry wheat bran, quality is than bean dregs: wheat bran=1~10: 1~5 mixes, so sterilizing 35-40min under 0.1MPa steam pressure
Second step: the proportioning of base-material:
Bean dregs after treatment are according to following ratio proportioning base-material: straw or powder of straw account for 5-30%, bean dregs account for 60-70%, corn flour or rice bran account for 5-10%, base-material water content after requirement proportioning is at 50-60%, the fermentation materials of mixing is kept a firm hand on to one, webs water breakthrough prints but does not drip, and unclamps to land and can scatter for suitable.
The 3rd step: the preparation of composite bacteria suspension:
Bevel after the sterilization of PDA culture medium is cultivated based in eggplant bottle, a small amount of with the Trichoderma spore that oese picking is a small amount of, be evenly inoculated on inclined-plane, cultivate 72h for 26 DEG C.Cultured Trichoderma is inoculated in appropriate sterilized water, makes bacteria suspension bacteria containing amount 1 × 10
7cfu/ml, for subsequent use;
. bevel after the sterilization of PDA culture medium is cultivated based in eggplant bottle, a small amount of with the aspergillus oryzae spore that oese picking is a small amount of, be evenly inoculated on inclined-plane, cultivate 72h for 26 DEG C; Cultured aspergillus oryzae is inoculated in appropriate sterilized water, makes bacteria suspension bacteria containing amount 1 × 10
7cfu/ml, for subsequent use;
The malt extract medium back bevel of sterilizing is cultivated based in eggplant bottle, with a small amount of saccharomyces cerevisiae of oese picking, be evenly inoculated on inclined-plane, cultivate 72h for 26 DEG C.Cultured saccharomyces cerevisiae is inoculated in appropriate sterilized water, makes bacteria suspension bacteria containing amount 1 × 10
7cfu/ml, for subsequent use;
The 4th step bacterial classification composite fermentation
Trichoderma, aspergillus oryzae one time fermentation: the base-material after proportioning is packed in double-layer plastic bag, tray, fermentation vat or other rounds of crystallization, add above-mentioned both mould suspension according to 3-5%, the ratio of both moulds is, Trichoderma: aspergillus oryzae is 1:4.Fermentation temperature 26-28 DEG C, time 36h, sprinkles water according to water regime in incubation, keeps media surface moistening;
The secondary fermentation of brewer's yeast: the fermentation material after one time fermentation is finished adds brewer's yeast bacteria suspension according to 3-5% ratio, at same fermentation bag or dish relaying supervention ferment, fermentation temperature 26-28 DEG C, time 24-36h, by the time fermentation material darken, particle deliquescing, while giving out perfume (or spice), sweet, fume, fermentation ends.
The 5th step dry packing
Step 4 is fermented completely, and in chronological sequence to put into incubator dry for product, and temperature is controlled at 40-45 DEG C, time 14-16 hour, and the material moisture content being dried is controlled at≤and 20%; It is dark brown yellow or brown that tunning is dried rear color and luster, and color is even, and has the distinctive fragrance of fermented soybean dregs.Dried product is packed storage.
Method of the present invention, sophisticated technologies, its product detects by main nutrient composition before and after bacterial classification composite fermentation, find that the bean dregs after fermentation increase by 8% left and right than unfermentable Protein from Soy Bean Dregs content, amino-acid nitrogen has increased by 4.9 times, and containing prolease activity 1157U/g, be a kind of ideal protein feeds, can replace Partial Fish Meal and dregs of beans to apply in feed.
Detailed description of the invention
For technological means, creation characteristic that the present invention is realized, reach object and effect is easy to understand, below in conjunction with concrete diagram, further set forth the present invention.
Along with the fast development of microbial engineering, microorganism is in the ecological agriculture, species improvement, the application of the aspects such as environmental improvement is more and more wider, this one side of exploitation at feed resource has been made very important contribution for saving feed cost alleviation resource anxiety, due to microbe species and metabolic pathway numerous, therefore the apolegamy of the bacterial classification of high production capacity and zymotechnique are formulated extremely important, traditional Scarabaeiform slag, stalk, the agriculturals such as feces of livestock and poultry or castoff are to adopt natural anaerobic fermentation, mainly utilize raw material or occurring in nature wild mushroom, fermentation time is long, floor space is large, sanitary condition is poor, tunning is uncontrollable, and adopt preferred composite bacteria, by to zymotechnique and condition control, can greatly improve fermentation efficiency, shorten fermentation time, tunning is controlled simultaneously.Technology path of the present invention is exactly preferably to have the mould of decomposing a large amount of celluloses and protein in bean dregs, with a kind of saccharomycete that produces a large amount of high-quality single cell proteins by metabolizable energy, protein in bean dregs is effectively degraded, thereby make the content of amino-acid nitrogen in bean dregs be able to a large amount of raisings, can reach improvement mouthfeel, refinement particle, purifying nutrition, obstruction factor texts simultaneously.Utilize the bean dregs after fermentation process to raise pigs, within about 1 month, deliver for sale in advance than normal nursing, saved feed cost, improved raiser's economic benefit.
Utilize composite bacteria fermented soybean dregs to make a method for protein feed, described composite bacteria is made up of Trichoderma, rice aspergillus and saccharomyces cerevisiae, by add bean dregs class agricultural or food debris in base-material, carries out composite fermentation.Abundant single cell protein in product after fermentation, its digestible energy and metabolizable energy improve, and crude fiber content reduces.And contain a large amount of probios and abundant enzyme, bioactivator, as coacetylase, ubiquinone, glutathione, ergosterol etc.
Production of the present invention comprises following several process:
The first step: bean dregs are processed and sterilization
By fresh bean dregs, dewater to 70% water content through squeezing (sheet frame or gauze), be equipped with dry wheat bran, quality is than bean dregs: wheat bran=1~10: 1~5 mixes, so sterilizing 35-40min under 0.1MPa steam pressure
Second step: the proportioning of base-material:
Bean dregs after treatment are according to following ratio proportioning base-material: straw or powder of straw account for 5-30%, bean dregs account for 60-70%, corn flour or rice bran account for 5-10%, base-material water content after requirement proportioning is at 50-60%, the fermentation materials of mixing is kept a firm hand on to one, webs water breakthrough prints but does not drip, and unclamps to land and can scatter for suitable.
The 3rd step: the preparation of composite bacteria suspension:
3.1 cultivate bevel after the sterilization of PDA culture medium based in eggplant bottle, a small amount of with the Trichoderma spore that oese picking is a small amount of, are evenly inoculated on inclined-plane, cultivate 72h for 26 DEG C.Cultured Trichoderma is inoculated in appropriate sterilized water, makes bacteria suspension bacteria containing amount 1 × 10
7cfu/ml, for subsequent use
3.2 cultivate bevel after the sterilization of PDA culture medium based in eggplant bottle, a small amount of with the aspergillus oryzae spore that oese picking is a small amount of, are evenly inoculated on inclined-plane, cultivate 72h for 26 DEG C.Cultured aspergillus oryzae is inoculated in appropriate sterilized water, makes bacteria suspension bacteria containing amount 1 × 10
7cfu/ml, for subsequent use
3.3 cultivate the malt extract medium back bevel of sterilizing based in eggplant bottle, with a small amount of saccharomyces cerevisiae of oese picking, are evenly inoculated on inclined-plane, cultivate 72h for 26 DEG C.Cultured saccharomyces cerevisiae is inoculated in appropriate sterilized water, makes bacteria suspension bacteria containing amount 1 × 10
7cfu/ml, for subsequent use
The 4th step bacterial classification composite fermentation
4.1 Trichodermas, aspergillus oryzae one time fermentation: the base-material after proportioning is packed in double-layer plastic bag, tray, fermentation vat or other rounds of crystallization, add above-mentioned both mould suspension according to 3-5%, the ratio of both moulds is, Trichoderma: aspergillus oryzae is 1:4.Fermentation temperature 26-28 DEG C, time 36h, sprinkles water according to water regime in incubation, keeps media surface moistening.
The secondary fermentation of 4.2 brewer's yeasts: the fermentation material after one time fermentation is finished adds brewer's yeast bacteria suspension according to 3-5% ratio, at same fermentation bag or dish relaying supervention ferment, fermentation temperature 26-28 DEG C, time 24-36h, by the time fermentation material darken, particle deliquescing, while giving out perfume (or spice), sweet, fume, fermentation ends.
The 5th step dry packing
Step 4 is fermented completely, and in chronological sequence to put into incubator dry for product, and temperature is controlled at 40-45 DEG C, time 14-16 hour, and the material moisture content being dried is controlled at≤and 20%; It is dark brown yellow or brown that tunning is dried rear color and luster, and color is even, and has the distinctive fragrance of fermented soybean dregs.Dried product is packed storage.
The present invention has the following advantages:
1, the holding time is long.The multipotency of azymous soya bean slag is deposited 3 days, and the bean dregs after this technology fermentation generally can be deposited more than one month, if can accomplish strict sealing, compress compacting or oven dry, can preserve even 1 year above half a year;
2, the palatability of feed improves greatly, and crude protein, fiber are broken down into amino acid, polysaccharide or the small peptide of good palatability, and distinctive wine flavour, and livestock and poultry feed intake increases 20-30%.
3, nutritional labeling significantly improves: through test, this invention product is dried digestible energy in rear dry and improved 13.17%, and metabolizable energy improves 16%, and digestible protein improves 29.59%, and crude fibre reduces by 30% left and right.And be the carrier of a kind of probio, contain a large amount of beneficial microbes, enzyme and bioactivator.
4, the ANFs of having degraded, improves premunition, and after fermentation, protein feed can significantly increase its digestibility and degraded ANFs, and has improved disease-resistant performance containing a large amount of useful factors.
Effect analysis: detect by main nutrient composition before and after bacterial classification composite fermentation, find that the bean dregs after fermentation increase by 8% left and right than unfermentable Protein from Soy Bean Dregs content, amino-acid nitrogen has increased by 4.9 times, and containing prolease activity 1157U/g, be a kind of ideal protein feeds, can replace Partial Fish Meal and dregs of beans to apply in feed.
More than show and described general principle of the present invention, principal character and advantage of the present invention.The technical staff of the industry should understand; the present invention is not subject to the restriction of above-mentioned example; that in above-mentioned example and description, describes just illustrates principle of the present invention; the present invention also has various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and these changes and improvements all fall in the claimed scope of the invention.The claimed scope of the present invention is defined by appending claims and equivalent thereof.