CN103154532B - 超高压泵 - Google Patents

超高压泵 Download PDF

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CN103154532B
CN103154532B CN201180043372.7A CN201180043372A CN103154532B CN 103154532 B CN103154532 B CN 103154532B CN 201180043372 A CN201180043372 A CN 201180043372A CN 103154532 B CN103154532 B CN 103154532B
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pressure
pump
servomotor
superpressure
piston
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CN103154532A (zh
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达伦·J.·雷尤克斯
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Tai Ke Ni Engineering Co ltd
Quantum Servo Pumping Technologies Pty Ltd
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Techni Waterjet Pty Ltd
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04BPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B49/00Control, e.g. of pump delivery, or pump pressure of, or safety measures for, machines, pumps, or pumping installations, not otherwise provided for, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B47/00
    • F04B49/06Control using electricity
    • F04B49/065Control using electricity and making use of computers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26FPERFORATING; PUNCHING; CUTTING-OUT; STAMPING-OUT; SEVERING BY MEANS OTHER THAN CUTTING
    • B26F3/00Severing by means other than cutting; Apparatus therefor
    • B26F3/004Severing by means other than cutting; Apparatus therefor by means of a fluid jet
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04BPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B9/00Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members
    • F04B9/08Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members the means being fluid
    • F04B9/10Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members the means being fluid the fluid being liquid
    • F04B9/109Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members the means being fluid the fluid being liquid having plural pumping chambers
    • F04B9/111Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members the means being fluid the fluid being liquid having plural pumping chambers with two mechanically connected pumping members
    • F04B9/113Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members the means being fluid the fluid being liquid having plural pumping chambers with two mechanically connected pumping members reciprocating movement of the pumping members being obtained by a double-acting liquid motor
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04BPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B2203/00Motor parameters
    • F04B2203/09Motor parameters of linear hydraulic motors
    • F04B2203/0903Position of the driving piston
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04BPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B2203/00Motor parameters
    • F04B2203/12Motor parameters of rotating hydraulic motors
    • F04B2203/1201Rotational speed
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04BPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B2205/00Fluid parameters
    • F04B2205/03Pressure in the compression chamber
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T83/00Cutting
    • Y10T83/04Processes
    • Y10T83/0591Cutting by direct application of fluent pressure to work
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T83/00Cutting
    • Y10T83/141With means to monitor and control operation [e.g., self-regulating means]
    • Y10T83/148Including means to correct the sensed operation

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Details Of Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)

Abstract

一种超高压泵,包括连接到活塞的伺服马达,活塞具有布置在汽缸内的头部,以限定泵室,由此伺服马达的旋转使活塞往复移动,以使泵室中的流体加压到大于50,000psi的压力,伺服马达具有连接到计算机的反馈回路,所述反馈回路包括压力反馈信号,以实时控制泵压力。

Description

超高压泵
本发明涉及一种特别用在水射流切割装置中的超高压泵。
背景技术
水射流切割装置已使用一些年,其用来切割各种材料,例如钢、铝、玻璃、大理石、塑料、橡胶、软木和木材。工件放置在浅水槽上方,排出切割射流的刀头横过工件精确地放置,以完成希望的切割。由携带有细颗粒研磨材料的非常高压力的水射流(高达90,000psi)的组合执行切割动作,细颗粒研磨材料通常是沙子,其起切割作用。离开刀头的水和沙子在工件下面收集在水槽中。
在与水射流切割相关的行业中,用语“超高压”(UHP)水射流用来定义水加压到50,000psi以上,然后用作切割工具的过程。高压水被迫压通过通常是红宝石、蓝宝石或钻石的宝石中的直径典型地在0.1mm与0.5mm之间的非常小的孔。
虽然大于50,000psi的压力被定义为超高压,但设想这些压力可以是100,000psi那样大。
在我们的待审专利申请WO2009/117765中,我们公开了一种超高压泵,其特别设计为与特定类型的水射流切割装置一起使用。对这种泵来说,紧凑性和效率的问题是至关重要的,并需要在超高压下可靠操作的泵。还需要以它们可容易地装配到许多类型现有水射流切割机的方式设计的泵。还需要以最小压力变化精确调节压力的泵。
这些问题导致了本发明。
发明内容
根据本发明第一方面,提供一种超高压泵,其包括连接到活塞的伺服马达,活塞具有布置在汽缸内的头部,以限定泵室,由此伺服马达的旋转使活塞往复移动,以使泵室中的流体加压到大于50,000psi的压力,伺服马达具有连接到计算机的反馈回路,所述反馈回路包括压力反馈信号,以实时控制泵压力。
根据本发明的另外方面,提供一种超高压泵,其包括伺服马达,所述伺服马达适于使中空转子轴沿交替方向轴向旋转,伺服马达具有定子,所述定子绕中空转子轴同轴定位,转子轴的内部同轴连接到驱动装置,以将轴向旋转转换成往复移动,驱动装置具有相对的端部,每个端部都连接到活塞,所述活塞具有布置在汽缸内的头部,以在活塞头部与汽缸之间限定泵室,由此转子轴的交替旋转使活塞往复线性移动,以使泵室中的流体加压到大于50,000psi的压力,伺服马达包括监控驱动装置位置或速度的编码器、监控流经定子的电流的装置以及连接到泵室输出部的压力传感器,由此来自编码器、压力传感器和定子的信号反馈到计算机控制单元,以确保泵以选定的压力操作。
优选地,泵室的输出部连接到压力传感器。
附图说明
现在将参照附图并仅通过举例方式说明本发明的实施例,在附图中:
图1是根据本发明实施例的超高压泵的截面图,
图2是沿图1的线B-B截取的截面图,
图3是由轨道和线性轴承支撑的滚珠丝杠的立体图,
图4是滚珠丝杠的立体图,
图5是用于滚珠丝杠的支撑件的立体图,以及
图6是示出连接到水射流切割机的泵并展示操作控制的流程图。
具体实施方式
如图1所示,超高压泵10包括圆柱形壳体11,水冷夹套12嵌入壳体11中。壳体11具有端盖16、17,端盖16、17在伺服马达绕组19附近支撑中空转子轴15。转子轴15的一个端部13由位于壳体11与转子轴15之间的环形轴承14A、14B支撑。转子轴15的另一端部18和端盖16由轴承28支撑。端部18还支撑由端盖16容纳的编码器80。编码器80监控转子轴15的位置或速度。
转子轴15容纳滚珠丝杠螺母30,滚珠丝杠螺母30进而以螺纹方式接合在细长的滚珠丝杠31上。滚珠丝杠螺母30与转子轴15的内部直接接合,并被限制线性移动,以与转子轴15一起旋转。丝杠31具有有螺纹的外部20,一个端部22被加工成正方形。正方形端部22装配在相对的线性轴承23、24之间,线性轴承23、24在细长的相对轨道25、26上行进(图3)。轨道25、26延伸超过壳体11的端盖17。
如图3至5所示,滚珠丝杠31的正方形端部22由线性轴承23、24支撑,线性轴承23、24接合相对的表面。每个线性轴承23、24都具有外表面,所述外表面具有槽38、39,以容纳细长的轨道25、26,轨道25、26进而紧固在位于转子轴15内的圆柱形轨道支撑件42中的槽41内。设置适合的油路(未示出)以为线性轴承23、24和轨道25、26提供油通道,并且布置为线性轴承23、24通过接合滚珠丝杠31的正方形端部22防止滚珠丝杠31的旋转,但仍便于滚珠丝杠的纵向移动。线性轨道25、26固定到轨道支撑件42的内部,并且每个轨道25或26的鸠尾状截面提供了平稳行进,但在轴承23或24与轨道25或26之间仍具有高度公差配合。
如图1所示,滚珠丝杠的相对的端部连接到活塞/汽缸泵组件48、49。每个组件48、49都包括具有狭小内孔53的缸体52,在内孔53中,连接到滚珠丝杠端部的活塞50、51布置为往复运动。活塞50、51在头部中终止,头部携带适合的密封环(未示出),以和汽缸一起限定压力室58、59。每个汽缸52都进而由固定套60支撑,固定套60经由凸缘61保持在泵的端部上,凸缘61栓接到适配器62,适配器62进而栓接到壳体的端盖16或17。每个汽缸固定套60的端部都支撑阀组件,所述阀组件结合有端块71,进水口72经由内部低压止回阀73流进端块71中,流到狭窄直径的出口管74,出口管74进而由高压止回阀75控制。
伺服马达使转子轴15旋转,进而使滚子螺母30旋转,滚子螺母30被限制轴向移动,因此意味着滚珠丝杠31在滚子螺母30内线性移动。通过使转子轴15的旋转方向反向,可使丝杠31因此来回往复运动,以使活塞50、51往复运动,进而使经由进水口72引入压缩室58、59中的水加压,以实现以大于50,000psi并高达100,000psi的压力从出口74高压供水。
每个阀组件都具有由止回阀73控制的低压进水口72,止回阀73以与汽缸轴线成45°的角与压缩室58、59连通。高压出口74同轴定位到具有内高压止回阀75的汽缸的端部,并在高压下将水输送到减压器(未示出)。
高压密封件定位在汽缸52的内端部与活塞50、51之间,以防止回压。
用在优选实施例中的伺服马达是在大约600伏的DC电压操作的无刷DC马达。这是通常用在机床,并在传统上是非常可控的以提供这种机床应用中所需要的精度的马达。活塞具有100与200mm之间(优选168mm)的冲程,并以大致每分钟60至120的冲程往复运动。活塞沿一个方向的移动持续大约0.8秒。泵被设计为以每分钟2L与每分钟8L之间供水量的最有效的方式操作。
图6是示出连接到高压水切割机W的泵10的流程图,高压水切割机W具有刀头H并由CNC控制器控制。CNC控制器仅控制切割机W的操作,而不控制高压泵10的操作。
如图1和6所示,超高压泵10以任一端部连接到进口72处的水源。高压出水口74经由减压器(未示出)连接到高压给水器(F),高压给水器(F)连接到水射流切割机W的刀头H。压力传感器T提供与出口压力成比例的信号,所述信号反馈到与泵10相关联的计算机C。泵10还包括来自位置或速度编码器80和定子电流监控器90的反馈信号。计算机C允许操作员选择通常在50,000psi与100,000psi之间的压力,然后实时操作泵,以保持该压力。
如图6所示,压力传感器T定位在高压止回阀75与刀头H之间的高压水线中。然后这一信息直接送入驱动器的计算机C中,以能够实时精确控制压力,而不需要知道何时和多少水从刀头分散。
已知的系统需要位置、速度和送入CNC控制器中的电流的反馈,此时通过修改速度进行压力调整,以适合给定的压力和流量。这种形式的闭合回路典型地需要约0.1s的时间来进行信息接收、处理和返回到驱动器。这对于允许系统在没有警告的情况下尝试响应刀头打开或关闭,并需要知道所需要的流量以应用正确速度过于缓慢。在计算机C处的闭合回路运行实时控制算法,实时控制算法每隔0.0025s接收并处理信息,这意味着,在没有刀头打开或关闭、或刀头中是什么尺寸的孔(确定给定压力下的流量)的任何预备知识的情况下,其可完全不受机械的限制。
当由于高度紧凑的设计结合有快速加速/减速时,这个特征意味着,泵可连接到任何机械,并以最小压力变化提供具有恒定压力的高压水。压力变化典型地是由于汽缸内的柱塞换向时间和水的压缩(压力脉冲)、以及刀头打开之后加速或当刀头关闭(刀头塞住(deadheadspike))时减速的滞后时间。在此描述的泵具有非常高的功率密度,这允许机械所需要的快速响应,以实现水射流切割所需要的恒定压力。
汽缸内的压力基于汽缸内的水的压缩和解压缩变化。水在20℃、60,000psi下大致可压缩15%,并且汽缸膨胀并在这些极端压力下密封压缩。这意味着,柱塞必须行进其冲程的大致20%,以积累60,000psi压力,打开高压止回阀75。在位置和速度控制系统中,这个压缩阶段会比用以上描述的压力反馈系统需要更长的时间。这是因为,使用压力反馈系统,当柱塞减慢并开始换向时,系统看到压力开始下降(因为当水通过刀头中的孔不断漏出时没有额外的水进入系统),并随着压力下降开始越来越快地加速。这种加速在整个压缩阶段持续,直到止回阀打开,并且额外的水使系统重新加压到目标压力,然后此时减速到所需要的速度,以保持希望的压力。结果是在柱塞的反向(称为“压力脉冲”)过程中经历了压力下降的显著减少。减少的压力脉冲(或恒定压力)在水射流切割应用中是非常希望的,因为它允许更快的切割速度,由于减少的条纹具有更高质量的边缘光洁度。减少的压力脉冲还导致如软管、配件和减压器的高压组件的更长寿命。
以上描述的伺服驱动泵比增压泵更有效,同时还提供了在不切割时能够存储和保持压力的希望的能力,因此仅使用最小的功率。转子轴被设计为以大约1500rpm运行,并且活塞在孔中行进的长度是大约180mm,头直径在14mm与22mm之间。这使整个组件体积小重量轻,并比增压泵更安静。伺服驱动系统还非常灵敏,并且可无限控制在毫秒内调整压力。
压力反馈回路还能容易地诊断系统内的泄露。通过电流、位置/速度和压力的组合,可确定也被称为进口止回阀的低压止回阀73的泄露。这些都是超高压泵的定期维护项目,并定期得到密封表面之间的磨损组件的小碎片,允许水回到供水入口而不累积压力。这意味着,在高压止回阀75与刀头之间无压力传感器的系统不能确定是否存在泄露的低压止回阀或漏气的高压软管或泄露的高压配件,因为在这两种情况下,电流控制器的反馈(或高压止回阀之前的任何其他测量)将读数相同,而事实是每种情况都需要完全不同的响应。泄露的低压止回阀需要增加的速度,以补偿泄漏,而漏气的高压软管或泄露的高压配件需要紧急停止,以避免可能的损伤。存在许多使用电流反馈(或高压止回阀之前的任何其他测量)确定压力不能正确诊断问题的情况,这些包括:断裂的导套、断裂的密封垫环、破裂的或失效的汽缸、卡住的轴承或丝杠、以及失效的止回阀。
在下面的权利要求和本发明的以上说明中,除了由于表达语言或必要含义而在上下文中另有要求外,措词“包括”用于表达包含在内的意思,即阐明存在所述特征,但不排除本发明各种实施例中存在的或附加的其他特征。
应理解,如果在此涉及任何现有技术公开文献,这样的引用不构成对公开文献形成澳大利亚或任何其他国家现有技术的公知常识的一部分的承认。

Claims (8)

1.一种超高压泵,包括驱动活塞的伺服马达,所述活塞具有布置在汽缸内的头部,以限定泵室,由此所述伺服马达的旋转使所述活塞往复移动,以使所述泵室中的流体加压到大于50,000psi的压力,所述伺服马达具有连接到计算机的反馈回路,所述反馈回路包括压力反馈信号,以实时控制所述伺服马达的操作并因此调整泵压力。
2.如权利要求1所述的超高压泵,其中,所述伺服马达包括编码器,以监控所述马达的位置和/或速度。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的超高压泵,包括监控流经所述马达的电流的装置。
4.如以上权利要求中任一项所述的超高压泵,其中,所述泵室的出口连接到压力传感器,所述压力传感器提供所述压力反馈信号。
5.如以上权利要求中任一项所述的超高压泵,其中,所述伺服马达的输出部是具有相对的端部的往复驱动装置,每个端部都连接到限定泵室的活塞汽缸。
6.一种超高压泵,包括伺服马达,所述伺服马达适于使中空转子轴沿交替方向轴向旋转,所述伺服马达具有定子,所述定子绕所述中空转子轴同轴地定位,所述转子轴的内部同轴地连接到驱动装置,以将轴向旋转转换成往复移动,所述驱动装置具有相对的端部,每个端部都连接到活塞,所述活塞具有布置在汽缸内的头部,以在所述活塞头部与所述汽缸之间限定泵室,由此所述转子轴的交替旋转使所述活塞往复线性移动,以使所述泵室中的流体加压到大于50,000psi的压力,所述伺服马达包括监控所述驱动装置位置或速度的编码器、监控流经所述定子的电流的装置以及连接到所述泵室输出部的压力传感器,由此来自所述编码器、压力传感器和定子的信号反馈到计算机控制单元,以控制所述伺服马达的操作并因此调整泵压力,以确保所述泵以选定的压力操作。
7.一种水射流切割机,包括由计算机数字控制(CNC)的控制器驱动的刀头,所述刀头连接到如以上权利要求中任一项所述的超高压泵,由此所述泵的压力控制独立于所述刀头的控制。
8.一种操作水射流切割机的方法,包括以大于50,000psi的压力从由具有反馈回路的伺服马达驱动的泵提供切割介质,所述反馈回路连接到计算机,通过监控所述伺服马达的位置或速度、提供给所述伺服马达的电流和所述泵的输出压力,产生压力反馈信号以控制所述伺服马达的操作并因此调整泵压力,使用计算机实时控制所述泵的提供的压力。
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