CN103153496A - 渗硼吐丝管 - Google Patents

渗硼吐丝管 Download PDF

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CN103153496A
CN103153496A CN2011800480060A CN201180048006A CN103153496A CN 103153496 A CN103153496 A CN 103153496A CN 2011800480060 A CN2011800480060 A CN 2011800480060A CN 201180048006 A CN201180048006 A CN 201180048006A CN 103153496 A CN103153496 A CN 103153496A
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基思·菲奥鲁奇
克里斯多夫·拉舒亚
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Abstract

一种用于在轧机的吐丝头中使用的吐丝管(28)，所述吐丝管(28)构造成围绕轴线旋转，所述吐丝管(28)具有与所述轴线对齐以接收热轧产品(P)的进入端并且具有通向与所述轴线径向间隔开的输出端的弯曲段。所述弯曲段限定引导路径，所述引导路径构造成使所述热轧产品(P)形成为具有多个环的螺旋结构。所述吐丝管(28)包括具有外表面和内表面的管状金属壁(34)，所述热轧产品(P)靠在所述内表面上被限制成沿着所述引导路径移动。所述管状金属壁(34)的内表面和外表面中的至少一个包括耐磨的渗硼层(36)。

Description

渗硼吐丝管
技术领域
本发明总的涉及用在轧机吐丝头中以使热轧产品形成螺旋环形结构的吐丝管，并且更具体地涉及改进所述管对由于接触热轧产品引起的摩擦磨损的抵抗。
背景技术
在典型的线材轧机中，如在图1中概略性示出的，坯料在炉10中被再加热。将加热的坯料从炉中取出并且通过粗轧机12、中间轧机14和精轧机16(有时后面还有减径/定径机(未示出))来轧制。随后，将完成的产品引导至吐丝头18，所述产品在此形成为环20。将环放置在输送器22上以运送至再成形站24，所述产品在再成形站24集拢成盘卷。当在输送器上运送时，所述环受到受控制的冷却，所述冷却设计成实现所选择的冶金性能。
如在图2中概略性示出的，吐丝头18包括中空的套管26，所述套筒包括弯曲的吐丝管28。由马达32驱动的斜齿轮组30用于以能够围绕轴线“A”旋转的方式驱动套筒和吐丝管。
在过去的几十年里，线材轧机的输送速度得到显著提高。例如，轧机现在具有以110米/秒或更高的速度轧制5.5mm的线材的能力。在这种速度下，热轧产品将磨损效应施加于吐丝管，使内部管表面承受迅速的局部磨损，从而导致过早的管故障。此外，随着吐丝管磨损，其将稳固的环型式传递至输送器22的能力变差。不稳固的环型式妨碍了冷却均匀性并且还引起再成形站24处的卷绕事故，通常称作“弯斜”。需要频繁且高耗费的轧机停机以更换过早磨损的吐丝管并且处理与再成形站处的弯斜相关联的问题。
本领域技术人员已在增加吐丝管的使用寿命方面进行了不断的尝试。例如，如在美国专利No.4,074,553和No.5,839,684中公开的，提出了在吐丝管内衬有耐磨插入件。美国专利No.6,098,909公开了一种不同的方法，其中取消了吐丝管以有利于在由被圆锥形外壳封闭的圆锥形插入件的外表面中的螺旋槽限定的引导路径，同时插入件在外壳内能够转动，以逐渐改变外壳的内表面上的磨损图纹。
因为种种原因，这些方法都没有证明是对过早的管磨损问题的实用解决方案。
也已进行对内部管表面渗碳的尝试以增大硬度和耐磨性。然而，渗碳过程需要升高的处理温度下的剧烈淬火，这会扭曲管的曲率。还已经发现，渗碳层是相对易碎的并且在由于暴露于热轧产品引起的升高温度下回火。
多年以来，普遍地认为，具有减小的孔尺寸的吐丝管提供了多种显著优点。通过将热轧产品径向限制在较小的空间内，改进了引导并且被传输至冷却输送器的环型式更加一致，使得可以以更高的速度进行轧制。然而，可惜的是，这些优点在很大程度上被显著加速的管磨损抵消。因此，在过去，本领域技术人员认为，有必要通过使用较大孔的吐丝管以及以在轧机的额定设计速度以下的降低的速度进行轧制而作出让步。
发明内容
本发明的主要目的是增大吐丝管对由于接触热轧产品引起的摩擦磨损的抵抗，从而增大所述管的使用寿命。
本发明的附属目的是使得可以减小吐丝管的孔尺寸，从而改进产品引导和由孔尺寸减小带来的环结构的一致性。
上述目的通过使吐丝管经历渗硼过程来实现，在所述渗硼过程中，硼原子扩散到被选择的管表面中以提供一个或多个耐磨的渗硼层。
附图说明
图1是典型的轧机布局的概略图；
图2概略地示出了轧机吐丝头和相关的轧机部件；
图3是根据本发明的一个实施方式的吐丝管的侧视正视图；
图4是沿着图3的线4-4截取的放大比例的横截面图，示出了由吐丝管引导的产品，并且为了图示的目的而放大了尺寸；以及
图5A和5B是沿着图4的线5-5截取的本发明的替代性实施方式的局部截面图。
具体实施方式
参照图3和4，根据本发明的吐丝管28构造成围绕轴线A旋转。管具有与轴线A对齐的进入端28a以接收热轧产品，其中弯曲段28b通向与轴线A径向间隔开的输出端28c。弯曲段限定引导路径，所述引导路径构造成使产品形成为具有多个环的螺旋结构(如在图1和2中以20示出的)。如在图4中示出的，吐丝管包括管状的金属壁34，具有内表面层36，热轧产品P靠着内表面层36上被限制成沿着由管限定出的引导路径移动。管状壁34的金属可以变化并且例如包括黑色金属、镍基合金、钛基合金和钴基合金。管状壁34具有在大约330-430努普(HK100)之间的硬度。内表面层36包括耐磨的渗硼层，所述渗硼层具有在大约1600-2300努普(HK100)之间的增大的硬度。
渗硼层36通过使内部管表面经受进行热化学处理而产生，在该热化学处理中，硼原子扩散到管状金属壁34的内表面中。
吐丝管28通过将直管加热至大约840-1050℃之间的升高的温度、随后将管弯曲成吐丝管的期望形状、并且随后将这样弯曲的管冷却回到环境温度而形成。渗硼层36可在弯曲过程之前或之后在内部管表面上形成。
渗硼层36的增大的硬度显著地增强了对由于接触穿过吐丝管的热轧产品所引起的摩擦磨损的抵抗。
公认地，并且如例如在美国专利No.3,673,005(Kunst)、No.4,389,439(Clark等人)和No.5,455,068(Aves等人)中公开的，至少从1970年代早期开始渗硼就是已知的了。但是，在本发明之前，尽管在过去的几十年中存在对轧机工业造成困扰的所有与磨损相关的问题，但没有人想到将该过程用于改进轧机吐丝管的耐磨性。
渗硼层36的增大的硬度及其对摩擦磨损的增大的抵抗允许本领域技术人员显著地减小吐丝管的孔尺寸，在速度有利地增加时伴随着改进的引导和环结构。因此，如在图4中示出的，通过对内部管表面进行渗硼，具有大约为20mm的内径Di的吐丝管能够用来卷绕具有在4-12mm的范围内的直径Dp的产品。这与迄今为止的传统实践形成对比，在传统实践中，将具有大约34mm的内径的吐丝管用来卷绕相同尺寸范围的产品。
增大的耐磨性和管的较长使用寿命能够通过增加吐丝管构造中的渗硼层的数量来实现。例如，如在图5A中示出的，能够将附加层36a增设于管壁34的外表面。另外，如在图5B中示出的，在管状壁34延伸穿过第二管状壁34’并且被包封在第二管状壁34’中的构造中，附加的渗硼层可在36b处增设于第二管状壁34’的内表面以及在36c处增设于第二管状壁34’的外表面。

Claims (18)

1.一种用于在轧机的吐丝头中使用的吐丝管，所述吐丝管构造成围绕轴线旋转，所述吐丝管具有与所述轴线对齐以接收由所述轧机生产的热轧产品的进入端并且具有通向与所述轴线径向间隔开的输出端的弯曲段，所述弯曲段限定引导路径，所述引导路径构造成使从所述输出端离开的热轧产品形成为具有多个环的螺旋结构，所述吐丝管包括具有外表面和内表面的管状金属壁，所述热轧产品靠在所述内表面上被限制成沿着所述引导路径移动，所述表面中的至少一个包括耐磨的渗硼层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的吐丝管，其中，两个所述表面都包括耐磨的渗硼层。
3.根据权利要求1所述的吐丝管，其中，所述渗硼层通过热化学处理产生，在所述热化学处理中，硼原子扩散到所述表面中的至少一个中。
4.根据权利要求1所述的吐丝管，其中，所述管状金属壁的硬度在大约330至430努普(HK100)之间，并且其中所述渗硼层具有在大约1600至2300努普(HK100)之间的增大的硬度。
5.根据权利要求1所述的吐丝管，其中，所述管状壁的金属从由黑色金属、镍基合金、钛基合金和钴基合金构成的组中选择。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的吐丝管，还包括围绕所述第一管状金属壁的第二管状金属壁，在所述第二管状金属壁的内表面和外表面中的至少一个上具有附加的渗硼层。
7.根据权利要求6所述的吐丝管，其中，所述第二管状金属壁的内表面和外表面都包括耐磨的渗硼层。
8.一种用于在轧机的吐丝头中使用的吐丝管，所述吐丝管构造成围绕轴线旋转，所述吐丝管具有与所述轴线对齐以接收由所述轧机生产的热轧产品的进入端并且具有通向与所述轴线径向间隔开的输出端的弯曲段，所述弯曲段限定引导路径，所述引导路径构造成使从所述输出端离开的热轧产品形成为具有多个环的螺旋结构，所述吐丝管包括具有外表面和内表面的管状金属壁，所述热轧产品靠在所述内表面上被限制成沿着所述引导路径移动，所述表面中的至少一个包括耐磨的渗硼层，
其中，所述管状金属壁的硬度在大约330至430努普(HK100)之间，其中所述渗硼层具有在大约1600至2300努普(HK100)之间的增大的硬度，并且其中所述渗硼层通过热化学处理产生，在所述热化学处理中，硼原子扩散到所述表面中的所述至少一个中。
9.一种用于在轧机的吐丝头中使用的吐丝管，所述吐丝管构造成围绕轴线旋转，所述吐丝管具有与所述轴线对齐以接收由所述轧机生产的热轧产品的进入端并且具有通向与所述轴线径向间隔开的输出端的弯曲段，所述弯曲段限定引导路径，所述引导路径构造成使从所述输出端离开的热轧产品形成为具有多个环的螺旋结构，所述吐丝管包括具有外表面和内表面的管状金属壁，所述热轧产品靠在所述内表面上被限制成沿着所述引导路径移动，所述表面中的至少一个包括耐磨的渗硼层，其中，所述管状壁的金属从由黑色金属、镍基合金、钛基合金和钴基合金构成的组中选择，其中，所述管状金属壁的硬度在大约330至430努普(HK100)之间，并且其中所述渗硼层具有在大约1600至2300努普(HK100)之间的增大的硬度。
10.一种用于增大管状金属吐丝管对穿过其中的热轧产品的耐磨性的方法，所述方法包括在所述管的内表面和外表面中的至少一个上形成耐磨的渗硼层。
11.根据权利要求10所述的方法，其中，在所述管的内表面和外表面上都形成有耐磨的渗硼层。
12.根据权利要求10所述的方法，其中，所述管的金属从由黑色金属、镍基合金、钛基合金和钴基合金构成的组中选择。
13.根据权利要求10所述的方法，其中，所述渗硼层通过热化学处理产生，在所述热化学处理中，硼原子扩散到所述表面中的所述至少一个中。
14.根据权利要求13所述的方法，其中，所述管的硬度在大约330至430努普(HK100)之间，并且其中所述渗硼层具有在大约1600至2300努普(HK100)之间的增大的硬度。
15.根据权利要求10所述的方法，其中，所述吐丝管通过弯曲过程而成形，所述弯曲过程包括将直管加热至大约840℃至1050℃的升高的温度、将由此加热的管弯曲成具有位于轴线上的进入端和从所述进入端通向与所述轴线间隔开的输出端的弯曲段的构造、以及将由此加热并弯曲的管冷却至环境温度，所述吐丝管的表面中的至少一个由渗硼层限定。
16.根据权利要求15所述的方法，其中，在所述弯曲过程之前，在所述管的所述表面中的至少一个上形成所述渗硼层。
17.根据权利要求15所述的方法，其中，在所述弯曲过程之后，在所述管的所述表面中的至少一个上形成所述渗硼层。
18.根据权利要求10所述的方法，其中，将所述吐丝管制造成封闭在外部管状金属壁内的内部管状金属壁的组件，并且其中，所述内部管状金属壁和所述外部管状金属壁的内表面和外表面中的至少一个包括耐磨的渗硼层。
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