CN103131578A - 一种葛根综合加工利用的方案 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及植物制品的应用领域，是一种葛根综合加工利用的方案。解决了现有葛根加工利用中，产品集中在淀粉或黄酮的单一类成分上，致使葛根资源没能得到很好利用的问题。该方案突破了现有技术领域的思维定式，采用先酵解淀粉制备食用乙醇后提取制备葛根素的两步法。葛根素的提取则是以水为溶媒，而不是因淀粉的共存不得不采用60-80％醇达到有效提取的常规方法。此过程产生三个产品/原料，也做到葛根物尽其用之目的，适宜推广应用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及植物制品的应用领域，是一种葛根综合加工利用的方案。
背景技术
葛是豆科葛藤属多年生藤本植物，分为野葛和粉葛两种，在我国分布极广。葛以其肥大的肉质根为产品，野葛和粉葛的根统称葛根，为常用药食两用中药，其味甘性平微凉，具有解肌退热、生津、透疹、升阳止泻的功效，用于外感发热头痛、高血压颈项强痛、口渴、消渴、麻疹不透、热痢、泄泻等疾病的治疗。基于葛根富含淀粉、异黄酮类物质及钙、硒、铁、铜、磷、钾等十余种人体必需的微量元素，故被广泛用于食品、保健食品和生物医药等领域。相关产品如葛根淀粉、葛根挂面、葛根软糖、葛根罐头、葛根粉丝、葛根口服液、葛根素注射液等产品。现代医学研究揭示：常食葛粉能调节人体机能，增强体质，提高机体抗病能力，抗衰延年。葛根异黄酮具有防癌抗癌和雌激素样作用，可促进女性养颜，尤其对中年妇女和绝经期妇女养颜保健作用明显，而其中的主要成分葛根素(4’，7-二羟基-8-β-D葡萄糖基异黄酮)具有扩张冠状动脉、改善缺血心肌的代谢；降低血压，减慢心率，减少心肌耗氧量；降血糖，降血脂，清除氧自由基和抗脂质过氧化；抗动脉硬化，改善脑循环；益智，解酒，抗肿瘤等作用。目前已广泛用于心脑血管疾病及其它疾病的治疗【宋红普，黄健.葛根的药学研究及其临床应用概况，上海中医药杂志，1999：(4)：47】。对葛根素研究不断深入，新的成果也不断涌现，如郑州大学主持的“葛根素预防酒精性股骨头坏死的实验研究”获得了2008年河南省医药卫生科技成果一等奖。承接新的科研成果，葛根素新产品的研发也将继往开来。
迄今我国对葛根的加工尚处于初级阶段，主要表现在一方面加工技术落后，另一方面则是对葛根有效物质利用上的单一。如(1)采用传统方法从葛根中加工葛粉，再利用葛粉加工面条等面食品，期间葛根异黄酮流失遗弃；(2)以葛根粗提物配制饮料；(3)医药用葛根素原料的制备虽采用了现代科技手段，却很少同时考虑淀粉的利用，且在制备时因大量淀粉的共存，而不得不采用60-80％乙醇提取，增加了提取成本；(4)加工后的葛根残渣多被遗弃，少有考虑作为饲料添加原料或造纸业的原料应用。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的是为解决葛根现有加工利用率低而带来的资源浪费问题。综合考虑葛根中含量高的成分，合理设计加工利用方案，以酒曲酵解淀粉进行无粮酿酒，继以水为溶媒提取葛根素，结合现代分离纯化技术获得高纯度结晶葛根素，残渣作为原料用于饲料加工业或造纸业，为葛根综合加工利用提供一种可行的方法。
为实现上述目的，本发明拟提供一种葛根综合加工利用的方案，该技术方案包括如下步骤：
首先是将采集的葛根洗净，切成适宜块片，酒曲发酵制备食用乙醇；蒸馏取酒后的残渣，加水煮提葛根素，提取液经吸附树脂吸附分离、重结晶步骤，获得结晶葛根素产品；葛根残渣作为饲料业和/或造纸业的原料。
所包括的步骤详细阐述如下：
1)取秋冬季采集的葛根，筛除泥沙，洗净，切成块(0.5cm×0.5cm)片(厚0.2cm-0.5cm)，干燥至含水量10-12％；置蒸笼中蒸熟、蒸透；降温至40℃以下，按葛根原料∶酒曲∶水比为100∶0.8-2∶250-280投料，调节PH6，加酒曲时水温控制在25-28℃，将料液搅拌均匀后密封发酵8-15天，蒸馏取酒；
2)上述蒸馏取酒后的料液，按药材∶水为1∶3-6加水煎煮提取两次，合并提取液；将提取液流经与葛根原料质量比0.6-2∶1的弱极性吸附树脂，吸附流速为1.2-2.5BV/hr；经水洗去杂，20-30％乙醇洗脱目标物，解吸附流速1-1.5BV/hr.，解吸附液回收乙醇后，残余物以80-90％冰乙酸进行重结晶，即得结晶葛根素；
3)上述葛根残渣经干燥后可作为饲料加工业或造纸业原料。
4)步骤2)所述的吸附树脂经研究筛选出的弱极性吸附树脂，优选ADS-8、AB-8。
本发明的有益效果在于：以富含淀粉的葛根进行非粮食酿酒，可节省大量粮食；葛根经发酵取酒，再以水提取葛根素，可最大限度降低葛根素提取成本；基于葛根的强纤维性，葛根残渣建议用作饲料业或造纸业的原料，做到物尽其用之目的。
本发明由于采用了综合加工利用的方案，避免了葛根利用上的单打一；先酵解淀粉，利于溶媒水对葛根素的最大限度地提取，避免了传统提取工艺中因共存淀粉而不得不采用大量60-80％乙醇的使用，也避免了葛根素生产过程中因大量高浓度乙醇使用带来的安全隐患。
说明书附图
图1是本发明的流程图
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例来进一步说明本发明，但并不作为对本发明的限定。
实施例1
粉葛根干块100Kg(葛根素含量1.3％)，蒸熟，按葛根原料∶酒曲∶水比为100∶0.8∶260投料，调节PH6，加酒曲时水温控制在25-28℃，将料液搅拌均匀后密封发酵12天，蒸馏取酒，得到65度白酒28kg。
取酒后的残余液加300kg水，煎煮提取2次，合并提取液。将提取液流经120kgADS-8树脂，吸附流速控制在1.2-2.5BV/hr；经3BV水洗去杂，再以3BV的20％乙醇洗脱葛根素，解吸附流速1-1.5BV/hr.，解吸附液回收乙醇后，残余物以80-90％冰乙酸进行重结晶，即得结晶葛根素0.82kg，HPLC检测葛根素97％。葛根残渣干重61kg，可供饲料业或造纸业用。
实施例2：
野葛根干片100Kg(葛根素含量2.5％)，蒸熟，按葛根原料∶酒曲∶水比为100∶1∶260投料，调节PH6，加酒曲时水温控制在25-28℃，将料液搅拌均匀后密封发酵15天，蒸馏取酒，得到65度白酒20kg。
取酒后的残余液加300kg水，煎煮提取2次，合并提取液。将提取液流经120kgAB-8树脂，吸附流速控制在1.2-2.5BV/hr；经3BV水洗去杂，再以3BV的20％乙醇洗脱葛根素，解吸附流速1-1.5BV/hr.，解吸附液回收乙醇后，残余物以80-90％冰乙酸进行重结晶，即得结晶葛根素1.52kg，HPLC检测葛根素97.2％。葛根残渣干重67kg，可供饲料业或造纸业用。
Claims (3)
1.一种葛根综合加工利用的方案，其特征在于，用酒曲对葛根进行发酵制酒，发酵混合物经蒸馏取酒后，再加水进行煎煮提取葛根素，水提取液经树脂吸附去杂、重结晶纯化，获得葛根素结晶；葛根残渣经干燥用于饲料加工业的原料或造纸业。
2.根据权利要求1所述葛根综合加工利用的方案，其特征在于，先以酒曲对葛根进行发酵，将淀粉充分酵解制备食用乙醇，利于后续水为溶媒提取葛根素；含葛根素的水提液经弱极性大孔吸附树脂吸附去杂、重结晶纯化，获得葛根素晶体，详细工艺如下：
(1)取秋冬季采集的葛根，筛除泥沙，洗净，切成块(0.5cm×0.5cm)片(厚0.2cm-0.5cm)，干燥至含水量为10-12％；将葛根块片置蒸笼中蒸熟、蒸透；降温至40℃以下，按葛根原料∶酒曲∶水比为100∶0.8-2∶250-280投料，调节PH6，加酒曲时水温控制在25-28℃，将料液搅拌均匀后密封发酵，经8-15天发酵，蒸馏取酒；
(2)上述蒸馏取酒后的料液，加鲜药材3-6倍量的水煎煮提取两次，合并提取液；将提取液流经与葛根原料质最比0.6-2∶1的弱极性吸附树脂，吸附流速为1.2-2.5BV/hr；经水洗去杂，20-30％乙醇洗脱目标物，解吸附流速1-1.5BV/hr.，解吸附液回收乙醇后，残余物以冰乙酸进行重结晶，即可得到结晶葛根素产品；
(3)上述葛根残渣经干燥后可作为饲料加工业的配料，或造纸业用原料。
3.根据权利要求2所述葛根综合加工利用的方案，其特征在于：
所述步骤(1)为熟料液态法酿酒，也可采用生料酿酒；
所述步骤(2)中弱极性吸附树脂为AB-8、ADS-8。
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