CN1031312A - Produce the method for bread with the dough of preserving - Google Patents

Produce the method for bread with the dough of preserving Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1031312A
CN1031312A CN88104873A CN88104873A CN1031312A CN 1031312 A CN1031312 A CN 1031312A CN 88104873 A CN88104873 A CN 88104873A CN 88104873 A CN88104873 A CN 88104873A CN 1031312 A CN1031312 A CN 1031312A
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dough
cylinder
bread
accordance
fermentation
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CN88104873A
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CN1027342C (en
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影山
小林幹央
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Rheon Automatic Machinery Co Ltd
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Rheon Automatic Machinery Co Ltd
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A21BAKING; EDIBLE DOUGHS
    • A21DTREATMENT, e.g. PRESERVATION, OF FLOUR OR DOUGH, e.g. BY ADDITION OF MATERIALS; BAKING; BAKERY PRODUCTS; PRESERVATION THEREOF
    • A21D6/00Other treatment of flour or dough before baking, e.g. cooling, irradiating, heating
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A21BAKING; EDIBLE DOUGHS
    • A21DTREATMENT, e.g. PRESERVATION, OF FLOUR OR DOUGH, e.g. BY ADDITION OF MATERIALS; BAKING; BAKERY PRODUCTS; PRESERVATION THEREOF
    • A21D6/00Other treatment of flour or dough before baking, e.g. cooling, irradiating, heating
    • A21D6/001Cooling
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A21BAKING; EDIBLE DOUGHS
    • A21CMACHINES OR EQUIPMENT FOR MAKING OR PROCESSING DOUGHS; HANDLING BAKED ARTICLES MADE FROM DOUGH
    • A21C3/00Machines or apparatus for shaping batches of dough before subdivision
    • A21C3/02Dough-sheeters; Rolling-machines; Rolling-pins
    • A21C3/025Dough-sheeters; Rolling-machines; Rolling-pins with one or more rollers moving perpendicularly to its rotation axis, e.g. reciprocally
    • A21C3/027Dough-sheeters; Rolling-machines; Rolling-pins with one or more rollers moving perpendicularly to its rotation axis, e.g. reciprocally with multiple rollers moving in a closed loop, e.g. in an orbital path; Planetary roller systems

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Bakery Products And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)
  • Freezing, Cooling And Drying Of Foods (AREA)
  • Manufacturing And Processing Devices For Dough (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a kind of method of making high-quality bread of the storage dough of freezing state.In the method, Yi Bian make the dough vibration, Yi Bian dough is stretched out.Dough can not be subjected to above being stretched out under the situation of its elastic buckling point pressure effect, so the gluten network structure in the dough is excellent like this.Then dough is done freezing before storing, store certain hour after, when needs, again the dough baking is become bread.Because dough does not only shrink, and has also further expanded in bake process, so the bread of making is fluffy delicious.

Description

Produce the method for bread with the dough of preserving
The present invention relates to a kind of usefulness and preserved the method that the dough behind the certain hour is manufactured bread, and understand in detail, through special processing, snap frozen, the then long-time dough of preserving is again through baking or the fried method of making high-quality bread.
Before this, people have done very big effort in order to be able to eat fresh toast bread at home, are very difficult yet make bread at home.Because need control fermentation temperature, fermentation humidity and fermentation time during dough fermentation, require to have special skill or knowledge when manufacturing.In order to allow client can be able to eat oven-fresh soft tommy, can avoid the complicated part in the bread making process simultaneously again.We have imagined a kind of method, that is: after the fermentation that dough is freezing, and sell after storing a period of time, like this client directly the freezing bread of baking with edible or continue to store in order to eating future.Anyone only needs the freezing dough of baking just can enjoy fresh bread with this method.
Compare with normal fabrication method, the shortcoming of this method be freezing and store after dough, the degrees of expansion in the baking process is not as commonsense method.
In the 49-41556 number special permission communique of Japan freezing flour-dough is disclosed to make bread, the method for bagel or the like food.That is: the dough that will shape after the fermentation is freezing rapidly.Also described in this communique and how in dough, to have added chemically expansible agent (a kind of swelling agent) to avoid the problem of underexpansion.
Japan's 61-205437 number special permission communique also discloses the method for producing freezing flour-dough, also be after dough fermentation, carry out freezing.In this communique, avoid the way of underexpansion to be, the egg that fermentation back is coated water or milk or broken up on the surface of dough, dough can fully expand in the baking process like this, but does not have in these methods a kind ofly can bake gratifying bread.So, also do not drop into practical.
The method of conventional automation bread production may further comprise the steps:
1) the batching of necessity be in the same place, then they are rubbed into dough;
2) above-mentioned dough is weighed and by the standard piecemeal;
3) above-mentioned every block of dough is done globulate;
4) above-mentioned ball placed about 25 minutes;
5) will get rid of above-mentioned the gas in the ball;
6) above-mentioned ball made needed shape;
7) with the dough fermentation that is shaped;
8) dough of baking shaping.
This shows that cook bread needs eight steps at least.In this method, it is to make that impaired gluten network recovers again in the cutting process that the dough of morsel is placed about 25 minutes purpose.In order to promote gluten network to restore, place the step except being provided with, generally also need in the batching of dough, sneak into a kind of oxidant, for example ascorbic acid and/or potassium bromate.Can obtain high-quality bread like this.Yet,, reburn after the storage and can not get high-quality bread when baking through freezing above-mentioned dough.
Routinely, stored again after the fermentation bread that the dough of a period of time is roasted into than fermentation after the Bread Quality that forms of baking immediately much lower.
Further say to be exactly, when doing shortening, in bake process, reach 4~4.5cc/g as its specific volume is at least one without freezing dough, only reach 2.5~3cc/g and pass through freezing and stored the dough of a period of time when baking, the result causes substandard products.This substandard products bread is harder than common bread.
In the dough refrigerated storage method of prior art, if make shortening, and at typical fermentation condition bottom fermentation, that is: fermentation temperature is 34 ℃, and humidity is 80%, and fermentation period is 50 minutes, and then the expansion of dough is very big.But the contraction of dough is also very big in refrigerating process subsequently.And in bake process, dough can not recover original volume fully.In addition, when shrinking once again after dough expands, wrinkle will appear in its surface, uneven or fracture.Why Here it is will be baked into ropy reason after the bread through dough freezing and that store with the method.
For fear of the sort of dough atrophy that can make bread surface produce wrinkle and slight crack, in the prior art, the fermentation time of dough is shorter than conventional fermentation time.For example,, just need the fermentation time of dough is shortened to 30 minutes if do shortening with this dough, rather than conventional 50 minutes.With this understanding, the expansion of dough is little through the dough after the conventional fermentation time fermentation, and therefore, also less than the dough of conventional fermentation time, chill mark and fracture also reduce thereupon in the contraction of dough.Yet though the dough of making through this method expands a little in bake process, the degrees of expansion of the bread that is roasted into is not as the bread of conventional fermented dough baking.
Observe through overtesting with to the carefulness of art methods, inventors of the present invention find to cause that the reason that reduces that expands in the contraction of dough in the freezing step and the baking procedure is that gluten network is destroyed in the dough.
An object of the present invention is to provide a kind of with the method for making bread through the dough of storing, the degrees of expansion of this method cook bread with do not store the same of dough baking.
Another object of the present invention provides a kind of with the method for making bread through the dough of storing, and the gluten network structure of dough can not be damaged in this method.
Another purpose of the present invention provides a kind of with the method for making bread through the dough of storing, and in the method, the degrees of expansion of dough is bigger than the degrees of expansion of making bread with the dough of conventional method after freezing and storage.
A further object of the present invention provides a kind of with the method for making bread through the dough of storing, and the quality of finished product bread is fine in the method, and does not need to add oxidant.
A further object of the present invention provides one with the method for making bread through the dough of storing, and in the method, does not need to be provided with the placement step and just can obtain for the dough of storing after the cutting step.
The method of making bread with the storage dough may further comprise the steps in the present invention:
1) multiple batching is become reconciled, and rub into dough.It is fixed that batching can be come by the kind of the bread of desired production.As yeast, water, sugar, flour or the like;
2) vibration is on one side stated dough Yi Bian stretch to pull on;
3) the above-mentioned dough of cutting, and it is made needed shape.
4) the above-mentioned dough that ferments;
5) freezing above-mentioned dough;
6) above-mentioned dough is stored a period of time, period of storage can be decided on demand;
7) baking or fried above-mentioned dough.
In each step of preparation method of the present invention, owing to do not destroy the gluten network structure of dough, so need the placement step be set in cutting step back.This be because, in the method dough has been applied a pulling force, at first make dough stretch the long retractility (elasticity) that has kept dough simultaneously again, and then dough be cut into required shape.In stretching and cutting step, dough is not applied and be enough to destroy the cancellated high strength pulling force of its gluten.Draw in the step stretching, pressure is that the form with vibration is applied on the dough.When dough vibrates, in dough, produced the thixotropy effect.So, only on dough, applying a pulling force lower than its elastic buckling point, dough just can be stretched out apace.Equally, in the method, because dough is reduced to minimum being stretched the back cutting effectively so the area that cutting influenced was compared with former technical method, and be that the dough of agglomerate is cut into little dough balls with brute force in the former technical method.Therefore, after the dough cutting, neither need to place, also need in dough, not add oxidant to quicken the expansion of dough.
In the present invention, the power that is used to stretch developable surface group is limited in the dough elasticity scope, can avoid damaging the gluten network structure of dough like this.
Now contrast the following drawings and describe the present invention:
Fig. 1 has synthetically represented the method according to this invention, produces the program of each step of French baguette.
Fig. 2 represents to be used among the present invention to stretch the arranging of conveyer of dough.
Fig. 3 represents to be used among the present invention stretch the cylinder machine of dough and arranging of conveyer.
Fig. 4 represents to be used among the present invention stretch the cylinder machine of dough and the another kind of concrete form that conveyer is arranged.
Fig. 5 represents the face piece is made the program of each step of French baguette shape.
Fig. 6 represents the face piece is made the program of each step of shortening shape.
Fig. 7 represents to be used among the present invention stretch the cylinder machine of dough and another concrete form that conveyer is arranged.
In the beginning of production process, see Fig. 1, the multiple batching of dough 4 usefulness that is used to manufacture a kind of French baguette as: yeast, water, butter, sugar, flour or the like with rub together.Vibrate dough then on one side, on one side the dough press-stretched is come.Shown in Fig. 1,3 and 4.
Among Fig. 2, dough is placed on the conveyer belt that is made of three conveyers 1,2,3 carries out press-stretched.These three conveyers are contacted and the transfer rate difference mutually.The speed V of conveyer 1 1, the speed V of conveyer 2 2And the speed V of conveyer 3 3Between the pass be:
V 1<V 2<V 3
When being put into dough 4 on the conveyer belt, dough 4 is exerted pressure continuously so that make it spread into second and the 3rd conveyer 1,2,3.
Among Fig. 3, a roller press is installed in the top of the transfer path of forming by conveyer 1,2,3 shown in Figure 2, a lot of cylinders 5 are arranged on this roller press, they can be placed around the axle of himself according to the direction of arrow a indication, and cylinder also can move along ring-type cylinder path according to the direction of arrow b indication simultaneously.And the method for available any routine is installed in roller press on the base.Cylinder 5 by be looped around its separately the axle on bearing fixing on roller press, so that can freely rotate.The motion of cylinder on the b direction is all faster than the movement velocity of any one conveyer.The arrangement mode of cylinder 5 be make link to each other cylinder between distance enough little so that make the dough zone between conveyer 1,2,3 and the roller press all be subjected to uniform vibration everywhere.The U.S. the 3rd, 973 discloses such roller press in No. 895 patents, mention it as a reference at this.
Because many cylinders 5 have been installed in the top of conveyer 1,2,3, when cylinder 5 when the direction of arrow a and b is rotated and move, the cylinder of motion is pressed in dough on the transfer path, and by conveyer dough is trailed, so dough is bearing vibration and pulling force incessantly.
In case one of them cylinder 5 is pressed in a certain zone of dough 4 on the transfer path of conveyer, owing to the pulling force that the difference of conveyer 1,2,3 speed produces, this zone of dough is just stretched out, this just temporary transient attenuation in zone.When cylinder left this zone, this district's dough broke away from cylinder, so the elasticity dough will partly recover original thickness.Repeat this process, the pressure on the dough adds also repeatedly and loses, and vibrates thereby dough is produced, and the result is because this vibration has produced flowability, so-called thixotropy effect that Here it is in dough.Do not apply be higher than by the situation of pressure surface group elastic buckling point pressure under, this zone of dough is just stretched out and attenuation.This shows that the present invention does not adopt and may destroy the cancellated high pressure of gluten.
Fig. 4 has showed the another kind of roller press of stretching developable surface group, and the pressure that dough bore is less than its elastic buckling point.The cylinder machine is made up of a lot of cylinders 15.Cylinder can rotate around the axle of himself, and its axle can move along rectilinear orbit, and the two ends of cylinder all are connected on a pair of connecting rod, and the upstream extremity of two connecting rods 10 has a disk 11, and it can make cylinder move back and forth along straight line.The U.S. the 4th, 692, No. 110 patent disclosures this cylinder machine.Here it is for reference to mention it.
Shown in Figure 7 is another cylinder machine of stretching developable surface group, and the pressure that dough bore is less than its elastic buckling point.This machine can be installed in the method for routine on the base, and it has a charging conveyer 21, a pair of feed roll 25,26, a pair of discharge cylinder 29,30, many upper stratas cylinder 27 as many lower floors cylinder 28.These the upper and lower cylinders 27,28 are configured between a pair of feed roll 25,26 and a pair of discharge cylinder 29,30.
The two ends of these upper strata cylinders 27 all are connected on a pair of connecting rod (not drawing among the figure), and each cylinder all can freely rotate around it, they can resemble shown in Fig. 7 vertical arrows rise or descend.A pair of air cylinder mechanism is housed on the base, and links to each other with an end of two connecting rods respectively.This can control the lifting of upper strata cylinder to cylinder mechanism.Lower floor's cylinder 28 respectively with upper strata cylinder 27 up and down and put arrangement.Lower floor's feed roll 26, lower floor's cylinder 28 and lower floor's discharge cylinder all rotate to the C direction.
If lower floor's feed roll 26, the speed of the first six lower floor's cylinder 28 and lower floor's discharge cylinder 30 is used V respectively 1, V 2, V 3, V 4, V 5, V 6, V 7, V 8Expression, as shown in Figure 7.Relation between them then is: V 1<V 2<V 3<V 4<V 5<V 6<V 7<V 8
A pair of feed roll is vertical and put, and as shown in Figure 7, upper strata cylinder 25 rotates to the b direction, thus this to feed roll 25,26 in the zone that they face one another to same direction with same speed V 1Motion.Equally, a pair of discharge cylinder 29,30 also vertical and put and in its opposed facing zone to same direction, with same speed V 8Motion.The belt speed of service of charging conveyer 21 and feed roll equate 25,26 outer rim velocity of rotation.Equally, the belt speed of service of discharge conveyor 23 and discharge cylinder are the same to 29,30 outer rim velocity of rotation.Be installed into feed roller to 25,26, upper and lower layer cylinder 27,28 and discharge cylinder were to 29,30 o'clock, between the straight line that the top determined of upper strata cylinder 25,27,29 straight lines that determined bottom and lower floor's cylinder 26,28,30, stay a slit, and it is gradually narrow to be from upstream to the slit, downstream.
During the operation of cylinder machine, upper strata cylinder 27 repeats lifting, and the All Ranges that is in the dough between the levels cylinder 27,28 is evenly vibrated.Explained earlier like that just as us, because the pulling force that velocity contrast produced of 26,28,30 on thixotropy effect that vibration is produced and low layer cylinder stretches out dough.
When dough when said process stretches, dough only bears about 70g/Cm 2Or littler pressure, compare much smaller with other process of stretching.So, stretching in the process at this, dough neither can follow the string, and the gluten network structure can be not destroyed yet.
Among Fig. 1, needed shape opened and makes by the dough after stretching by cutting.The dough 6 that pulls into sheet is cut into the piece 7 of required size, is rolled into circle youngster 8 then.
Fig. 5 has showed the step that face piece 7 is configured as French baguette.Rectangular piece 7 of a slice is rolled into circle youngster 8, again the circle youngster made imitative capitate, draw several ways then in the above, just made the form of French baguette.
In fact, can make bread miscellaneous with face cake 6.Fig. 6 has provided the step that is configured as shortening to unilateral.Detailed process is, before dough is configured as shortening, the surface of face cake 6 is coated with the last layer grease, coats then that the face cake 6 of grease is folding repeatedly to be clipped between each aspect cake oil layer, and a lot of grease interlayers are arranged in the confectionery dough of making thus.Then this interlayer face cake is stretched out, be cut into leg-of-mutton 17, again the gore piece is rolled into the circle 8 of imitative capitate, and then it is curved arch 9.
As shown in Figure 1, next step is fermentation.The shortening dough (8) that has been shaped at 34 ℃, under the condition of relative humidity 80%, was fermented 50 minutes the normal condition of shortening fermentation that Here it is.As previously described and since stretch with the cutting step in do not destroy the gluten network structure of dough, so stretch with cutting after there is no need dough is placed.Therefore, stretch with cutting after also can produce high-quality bread without placing or in dough, not adding oxidant.
Then dough 8 is put into refrigerating chamber and temperature is controlled at-40 ℃ approximately, make dough freezing rapidly.Subsequently freezing dough is placed on and stores in refrigerating chamber or the refrigerator a period of time, period of storage can be decided on demand.So far, the refrigerated storage dough of making just can have been sold, and client can also be placed on the dough of buying and continue in oneself the refrigerator to store.
Taking out dough from refrigerating chamber or refrigerator can toast.Freezing flour-dough with the normal condition fermentation is made shortening, and the specific volume of its final products can reach 4.5~5.5cc/g, and quality is also satisfactory.Among the present invention, the technical method before the shrinkage ratio of dough in refrigerating process little, and in bake process, can expand fully, obtain fluffy, delicious bread.The bread that the method is made, quality are compared with the bread of making without the storage dough does not almost have any difference.
In order further to improve the quality of finished product bread, the present invention also is placed on dough the certain conditions bottom fermentation, and its temperature is low than normal condition, and fermentation time is long than normal condition.Be used to do the dough of shortening, fermentation temperature is about 30 ℃, and humidity is about 80%, and the time is about 70 minutes.Dough is when this specified conditions bottom fermentation, and degrees of expansion is big than the normal condition bottom fermentation, and this extra expansion can compensate by freezing and minimal shrink that bring.Therefore the quality of finished product bread can improve.With of the present invention, the shortening made of Fa Jiao dough under given conditions, its specific volume can reach 5.5~6cc/g.
Though we have set forth the specifically fermentation condition of doing shortening, the bread of each form all has and reaches adequately expanded specifically fermentation condition separately.For example, to French baguette, the specifically fermentation condition can be: about 32 ℃ of temperature, and humidity is about 80%, about 90 minutes of time (and normal condition is: 34 ℃, and 80%, 70 minute).
As previously discussed, the gluten network structure of dough is not damaged in the process of stretching among the present invention, thus in refrigerating process the contraction of dough less than before technical method.This point can clearly be seen that in table 1.
The specific volume of table 1 shortening dough
After the fermentation After freezing After roasting
Technical method in the past 2.8cc/g 2.3cc/g 2.5~3cc/g
Normal condition fermentation of the present invention 2.8cc/g 2.5~2.7cc/g 4.5~5.5cc/g
Specified conditions fermentation of the present invention 3cc/g 2.7cc/g 5.5~6cc/g
So the surface of above-mentioned freezing flour-dough is still very smooth, slight crack or uneven can not occur.As shown in table 1, the technical method before the degrees of expansion of dough of the present invention is far longer than in bake process.Therefore, can obtain quality and not store the identical bread of the made bread of dough.Because the method for suitable invention does not need the placement step after the cutting, thereby shortened the time of producing freezing flour-dough.The inventor has found with method caching of the present invention the bread that the dough in 1 year is produced, and can ensure the quality of products.They also think, make bread with having preserved the dough of the present invention that surpasses a year, also can ensure the quality of products.
In addition, for the common bread of making of method of the present invention, its specific volume is bigger than the bread of making of the method for normal condition fermentation. Therefore, the increase that the bread of producing under the specifically fermentation condition expands can compensate the faint contraction of freezing flour-dough, thereby can obtain quality improvement Bread.

Claims (13)

1, may further comprise the steps with the method for passing through the dough system bread of storing:
A. various batchings such as yeast, water, sugar, flour or the like are become reconciled, rub into dough, batching is fixed according to the form of made bread;
B. vibration on one side is Yi Bian stretch the above-mentioned dough of exhibition;
C. the above-mentioned dough of cutting and the dough after the cutting made needed shape;
D. above-mentioned dough ferments;
E. freezing above-mentioned dough;
F. above-mentioned dough is stored certain hour;
G. toast or fried above-mentioned dough.
2, in accordance with the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that: also comprise in the method, on the dough surface that has trailed, be coated with and add one deck grease, make it become aspect one deck grease, again the folding oil layer that makes of this dough is clipped in the middle of the surface layer, makes confectionery dough thus.
3, according to claim 1 or 2 described methods, it is characterized in that the exhibition of the stretching process in this method is by make dough vibration in this zone on one side in certain zone, on one side dough in this zone is applied that pulling force finishes, so the pressure that is applied on this zone is approximately equal to or less than 70g/Cm greatly 2
4, according to claim 1,2 or 3 described methods, it is characterized in that: compare with normal condition, make the fermentation temperature of above-mentioned dough lower in this fermentation step, humidity is identical, and the time is longer.
5, in accordance with the method for claim 4, it is characterized in that: when making shortening, described temperature is about 30 ℃, and described humidity is about 80%, and the described time is about 70 minutes.
6, in accordance with the method for claim 4, it is characterized in that: when making French baguette, described temperature is about 32 ℃, and described humidity is about 80%, and the described time is about 90 minutes.
7, in accordance with the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that: the described exhibition step of stretching, promptly, above-mentioned dough is placed on the conveyer of many series connection, and the transfer rate difference of each conveyer, each conveyer is all fast than that transfer rate of its upstream, and these conveyers are formed a transfer path together with the cylinder machine that is placed on these conveyers top and has many cylinders, and described dough just is placed on this transfer path.
8, in accordance with the method for claim 7, it is characterized in that: in the described fermentation step, compare with normal condition, the fermentation temperature of above-mentioned dough is lower, and humidity is identical, and fermentation time is longer.
9, in accordance with the method for claim 8, it is characterized in that: when making shortening, described fermentation temperature is about 30 ℃, and described humidity is about 80%, and described fermentation time is about 70 minutes.
10, in accordance with the method for claim 8, it is characterized in that: when making French baguette, described fermentation temperature is about 32 ℃, and described humidity is about 80%, and described fermentation time is about 90 minutes.
11, in accordance with the method for claim 7, it is characterized in that: the many cylinders on the described cylinder machine can freely rotate around the axle of himself, and can move along ring-type cylinder path, and moving cylinder outer rim forms the cover of a sealing.
12, in accordance with the method for claim 7, it is characterized in that: the many cylinders on the described cylinder machine freely rotate on a straight line cylinder path, and harmoniously move back and forth on this straight line path.
13, in accordance with the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that: stretch in the exhibition process described, described dough is placed on the different cylinder of first group of arranged in series and movement velocity, the outer rim speed of each cylinder is faster than the cylinder of its upstream in this series cylinder, form a transfer path between second series cylinder of the topmost of first series cylinder and first series cylinder top, described dough just is placed on this transfer path, gap between the straight line that the straight line that the first series cylinder topmost forms and the second series cylinder foot form narrows down gradually along direction downstream, and described second series cylinder can be done lifting repeatedly.
CN88104873A 1987-08-11 1988-08-09 Method for producing bread from preserved dough Expired - Fee Related CN1027342C (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP200454/87 1987-08-11
JP62200454A JPH0640793B2 (en) 1987-08-11 1987-08-11 How to store breads

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Publication Number Publication Date
CN1031312A true CN1031312A (en) 1989-03-01
CN1027342C CN1027342C (en) 1995-01-11

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US (1) US4946699A (en)
EP (1) EP0311240B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH0640793B2 (en)
KR (1) KR900007828B1 (en)
CN (1) CN1027342C (en)
AT (1) ATE81749T1 (en)
AU (1) AU593169B2 (en)
CA (1) CA1313975C (en)
DE (1) DE3875579T2 (en)
ES (1) ES2035925T3 (en)
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ATE81749T1 (en) 1992-11-15
AU593169B2 (en) 1990-02-01
CA1313975C (en) 1993-03-02
JPH0640793B2 (en) 1994-06-01
JPS6443147A (en) 1989-02-15
CN1027342C (en) 1995-01-11
DE3875579D1 (en) 1992-12-03
DE3875579T2 (en) 1993-04-08
EP0311240A3 (en) 1989-12-06
EP0311240B1 (en) 1992-10-28
AU1859588A (en) 1989-04-27
KR900007828B1 (en) 1990-10-20
EP0311240A2 (en) 1989-04-12

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