CN103121144A - 用于拼合材料层的工具和方法 - Google Patents

用于拼合材料层的工具和方法 Download PDF

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CN103121144A
CN103121144A CN2012105972477A CN201210597247A CN103121144A CN 103121144 A CN103121144 A CN 103121144A CN 2012105972477 A CN2012105972477 A CN 2012105972477A CN 201210597247 A CN201210597247 A CN 201210597247A CN 103121144 A CN103121144 A CN 103121144A
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pin
material layer
nail
instrument
amalgamation
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CN103121144B (zh
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M·埃拉彻
B·霍弗
M·罗德勒
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Magna Steyr Automotive Technologies
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Steyr Daimler Puch Fahrzeugtechnik AG and Co KG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/82—Pressure application arrangements, e.g. transmission or actuating mechanisms for joining tools or clamps
    • B29C66/824—Actuating mechanisms
    • B29C66/8242—Pneumatic or hydraulic drives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K11/00—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J15/00—Riveting
    • B21J15/02—Riveting procedures
    • B21J15/025—Setting self-piercing rivets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J15/00—Riveting
    • B21J15/02—Riveting procedures
    • B21J15/08—Riveting by applying heat, e.g. to the end parts of the rivets to enable heads to be formed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J15/00—Riveting
    • B21J15/10—Riveting machines
    • B21J15/14—Riveting machines specially adapted for riveting specific articles, e.g. brake lining machines
    • B21J15/147—Composite articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K11/00—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating
    • B23K11/002—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating specially adapted for particular articles or work
    • B23K11/004—Welding of a small piece to a great or broad piece
    • B23K11/0046—Welding of a small piece to a great or broad piece the extremity of a small piece being welded to a base, e.g. cooling studs or fins to tubes or plates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/20—Stud welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/56—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
    • B29C65/562—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits using extra joining elements, i.e. which are not integral with the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/56—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
    • B29C65/562—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits using extra joining elements, i.e. which are not integral with the parts to be joined
    • B29C65/564—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits using extra joining elements, i.e. which are not integral with the parts to be joined hidden in the joint, e.g. dowels or Z-pins
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/56—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
    • B29C65/64—Joining a non-plastics element to a plastics element, e.g. by force
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/78—Means for handling the parts to be joined, e.g. for making containers or hollow articles, e.g. means for handling sheets, plates, web-like materials, tubular articles, hollow articles or elements to be joined therewith; Means for discharging the joined articles from the joining apparatus
    • B29C65/7841—Holding or clamping means for handling purposes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/20—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines
    • B29C66/21—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being formed by a single dot or dash or by several dots or dashes, i.e. spot joining or spot welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B29C66/7212—Fibre-reinforced materials characterised by the composition of the fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/74—Joining plastics material to non-plastics material
    • B29C66/742—Joining plastics material to non-plastics material to metals or their alloys
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/81431—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined comprising a single cavity, e.g. a groove
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/832—Reciprocating joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/8322—Joining or pressing tools reciprocating along one axis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B5/00—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them
    • F16B5/07—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of multiple interengaging protrusions on the surfaces, e.g. hooks, coils
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/16—Composite materials, e.g. fibre reinforced
    • B23K2103/166—Multilayered materials
    • B23K2103/172—Multilayered materials wherein at least one of the layers is non-metallic
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    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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    • F16B5/00—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them
    • F16B5/04—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of riveting

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于将至少两个材料层(1，2，3，4)通过销钉(5)拼合起来的工具，其中，至少一个材料层(1)构造为金属材料层，所述工具包括钉楔装置(6)和焊接装置(7)，其中，所述钉楔装置(6)设计为，使所述销钉(5)钉穿待拼合的至少两个材料层(1，2，3，4)，所述焊接装置(7)设计为，在钉入所述销钉(5)之后将所述销钉的至少第一区段(8)与所述至少一个金属材料层(1)焊接。本发明还涉及一种用于通过销钉(5)利用所述工具拼合至少两个材料层(1，2，3，4)的方法，其中，至少一个材料层构造为金属材料层。

Description

用于拼合材料层的工具和方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于将至少两个材料层通过销钉拼合起来的工具，其中，至少一个材料层构造为金属材料层，并且本发明还涉及一种用于将至少两个材料层通过销钉拼合起来的方法，其中，至少一个材料层构造为金属材料层。
背景技术
这类用于连接材料层的方法例如应用在汽车工业中且尤其应用在复合结构的机动车和机动车构件的制造中。在此例如存在这样的需求，即，将由经玻璃纤维强化的塑料(GFK)制成的塑料件或附件固定在由钢板制成的车身构件上。
众所周知，这类连接可例如通过机械式的铆接实现，其中，铆钉穿透第一材料层而只使第二材料层变形。此外已知的是，通过点焊拼合金属材料层，通过点焊使多个金属层在局部小范围内熔融且通过紧接着的凝固使多个金属层焊接在一起。此外已知的是应用钉子，钉子可穿过待连接的两个材料层且可通过形状配合以及力作用(即通过作用在其头端部上的力)在两个材料层之间建立持久的连接。在此，钉子克服从材料层中被轴向拉出的抵抗力相对较小。
上述类型的用于将两个拼合部件(尤其平面材料)拼合在一起的方法已由DE102004025492A1公开。在该方法中，拼合元件(尤其为铆钉)打穿其中一个拼合部件。铆钉贴靠在第二拼合部件上，对该第二拼合部件施加机械载荷，或者根据某一实施形式对第二拼合部件楔口。此后，在接下来的焊接过程中将电流导引到拼合元件和拼合部件之间的接触位置且由此将拼合元件和拼合部件焊接在一起。为此有利地应用常规焊枪。此外，通过两个电极在拼合部件和拼合元件之间施加拼合力，拼合部件被夹紧在两个电极之间。该已知的拼合方法的缺点是，与第二拼合部件的连接不那么稳固，且尤其的是，可由第二拼合部件承受的剪切力仅很小或根本没有。此外，通过所使用的工具只能对拼合元件施加较小的压力。
发明内容
因此，本发明要解决的技术问题在于，给出一种用于拼合至少两个材料层的工具和方法，该工具和方法在上述方面有所改进且尤其可以实现一种简单且可靠的材料层拼合。
上述技术问题通过一种利用销钉拼合至少两个材料层的工具得以解决，其中，至少一个材料层构造为金属材料层，该工具包括钉楔装置和焊接装置，其中，钉楔装置设计为，使销钉穿过至少两个的待拼合的材料层，而焊接装置设计为，在销钉钉入之后至少将销钉第一区段与金属材料层焊接在一起。
本任务也通过一种用于拼合至少两个材料层的方法通过销钉解决，其中，至少一个材料层构造为金属材料层，其中，借助于按照本发明的工具使销钉穿过待拼合的至少两个材料层，在钉入销钉之后，至少将销钉第一区段与金属材料层焊接在一起。
将按照本发明的工具的钉楔装置是设计为，使销钉钉穿至少两个材料层，尤其钉穿所有应彼此连接的材料层。在此这样理解钉穿材料层，即，销钉尖端至少穿透两个材料层到这种程度，即，尖端达到从两个材料层出来的区域。因此，至少销钉尖端将第二材料层的材料挤至从该材料层出来的区域。通过将销钉也钉入第二材料层中，可由该材料层承受剪切力，从而确保在有侧向力作用时连接同样可靠。为此，销钉可穿透第二材料层，从而销钉尖端已由第二材料层中伸出。销钉也可在刚要穿出第二材料层前终止，从而使该销钉尖端不从材料层中突出。为此，钉楔装置至少须在短时间内施加一个相应大的力，以便使销钉穿过两个材料层。按照本发明的工具另外具有焊接装置，该焊接装置在通过钉楔装置钉入销钉之后能至少将销钉的第一区段与金属材料层焊接在一起。焊接通常通过电阻焊实现，然而也可考虑另外的方法，例如通过感应加热进行焊接。
本发明的扩展设计在从属权利要求、说明书以及附上的视图中给出。
按照本发明的工具有利地这样设计，即，焊接装置至少焊接销钉第一区段，其中，所述销钉的至少第一区段位于所述销钉的沿钉入方向的前端。由此，不管销钉后端部的连接形式如何，常常已磨尖的销钉前部(该销钉前部穿过材料层)都与金属材料层焊接在一起且由此被可靠地固定住。
根据按照本发明的工具的优选实施形式，该工具这样设计，即，焊接装置导引焊接电流通过销钉。焊接电流可通过以下方式穿过非金属材料层，即，该焊接电流沿着已钉入的销钉而被引导。
在又一实施形式中，工具这样设计，即，焊接装置将销钉的两个端部分别与各金属材料层焊接在一起。由此在销钉的两个端部处将可焊接的材料层与已钉入的销钉焊接在一起，从而可靠地固定住销钉的两个端部。
如果钉楔装置这样设计，则对于按照本发明的工具是特别有利的，即，销钉可以气压地钉穿至少两个材料层。以该方式可以以相对简单的措施达到所需的力，以便使销钉穿过至少两个材料层。按照本发明的工具的钉楔装置在此可构造成与已知的气钉枪类似的。相对于以气压形式构造钉楔装置，也可与之不同地将该钉楔装置设计成例如电动式的。
按照本发明的工具可有利地这样设计，即，在钉入销钉之前，将材料层彼此夹紧。工具用于执行以下步骤：互相夹紧材料层，钉入销钉和将销钉焊接在材料层上。通过夹紧使材料层之间的摩擦配合式连接得到改进。
如果这样构造工具也是有利的，即，通过钉楔装置这样钉入销钉，该销钉在其沿钉入方向位于后方的端部处具有钉帽，在钉入之后所述钉帽贴靠在沿钉入方向的第一材料层上。。工具也可在该实施例中钉入构造为带有钉帽的钉子的销钉。钉帽使销钉或钉子更好地固定在被穿透的第一材料层上，从而销钉的该端部也可在不焊接的情况下被较好地固定。
按照本发明还有一种用于借助按照本发明的工具将至少两个材料层通过销钉连接起来的方法，其中，至少一个材料层构造为金属材料层，其中，销钉穿过待连接的至少两个材料层，在钉入销钉之后，至少将销钉的第一区段与金属材料层焊接在一起。
例如，至少其中一个金属材料层由塑料或纤维塑料复合物、例如玻璃纤维强化塑料(GFK)制成，该材料层在按照本发明的方法中拼贴到至少一个另外的材料层上，。在例如将GFK材料固定在车身构件上时，按照本发明的方法是特别有利的。
在本方法的实施形式中，至少一个金属材料层由金属辅助件构成。这在外侧材料层不可焊接的情况下是尤为有利的，。在该情况下可使用金属盘或金属带作为辅助件，以实现可将销钉与该辅助件焊接在一起，且通过该焊接连接可靠地固定住其他材料层。
附图说明
接下来参考附图示例性地说明本发明。
图1为按照本发明的工具的示意图。
图2a-图2f表示图1所示的工具的不同方法步骤和按照本发明的方法的流程。
图3示出了按照本发明彼此连接在一起的材料层的视图。
图4示出了按照本发明彼此连接在一起的材料层的另一个视图。
图5示出了按照本发明彼此连接在一起的材料层的另外一个视图。
具体实施方式
图1示出了按照本发明的工具，该工具用于将材料层1，2，3和4彼此拼合起来。在该图中，层1和4由可焊接的材料制成。层1由金属车身构成，布置在材料层的对面侧的层4相当于一种金属附件，例如带钢。在这两个可焊接的层之间布置两个GFK或塑料部件2和3。所有材料层1，2，3和4应通过销钉5彼此持久地连接在一起，而在图1中它们还未连接起来。在按照本发明的工具中示意性地示出了钉楔装置6和焊接装置7。所示的钉楔装置6的主要元件为钉楔柱塞6。通过朝销钉5的方向对钉楔柱塞6气动地施压，该销钉5在所示状态以很大的力钉穿所有材料层1，2，3和4。在焊接装置7中，电极7作为主要元件被示出。在将销钉5钉入所述材料层之后，将电极7置于外侧材料层1和4上且焊接电流经过电极7被导引通过销钉5，从而在销钉5和可焊接的层1和4之间的接触位置上产生较高温度，且由此使构件1和4以及销钉5熔融并使它们焊接在一起。
所示工具具有钉楔装置6和焊接装置7，该钉楔装置6例如起到与已知的气钉枪类似的作用，焊接装置7例如起到与已知的焊钳类似的作用。
在图2a-图2f中示出了，在应用所述工具的情况下按照本发明的拼合方法的流程。在图2a中通过焊接装置7和钉楔装置6以及销钉5示出了所述工具还处于起始位置，因此销钉5保持在待连接的材料层1至4的上方。将工具置于材料层上。此后，通过闭合例如构造成钳式的工具夹紧材料层，如同从图2b中显而易见的那样。接下来，销钉5被钉楔装置6的钉楔柱塞6以气压形式钉入到材料层中。销钉5已钉穿所有4个材料层1，2，3和4的状态如图2c所示。接着，钉楔柱塞6被抽回，且通过焊接装置7使焊接电流被导引通过电极7和销钉5，使得电流11对应于图2d所示的箭头由一个半钳(
Figure BSA00000842019000041
)经过销钉5被导引至另一半钳。由此实现在材料层1和4和销钉5之间的接触位置处进行焊接，该焊接在图2e和2f中通过焊接连接12示出。在图2e中工具又被提升且接下来可继续移动到下一拼合位置处。图2f示出了最终处理之后的已拼合的材料层，其中，在销钉5与材料层1和4之间构造有焊接连接12。
图3至图5示出了按照本发明的用于拼合构件的工具的其它应用可能性。在图3中使用带有钉帽10的销钉5，即钉子以代替无头销钉。如在图2a-图2f中所示且所描述的那样，钉子通过工具钉入到材料层1，2和3中且由未在图3中示出的焊接装置焊接。由于在该实施例中仅有层1由可焊接材料制成，因此仅在层1与销钉5之间形成焊接连接(未示出)。外侧的塑料层3通过钉帽10固定。
在图4中以类似形式也使用了带有钉帽10的钉子作为销钉以用于形成材料层2，3和9之间的连接。在该实施形式中待拼合的平面构件2和3不可焊接。因此，为了焊接而将由可焊接材料制成的金属辅助件9(例如金属盘)安置到拼合位置上。接下来的连接以上述对应用按照本发明的工具的图2a-2f描述的方式进行即可。因此，连接一侧通过焊接连接在销钉5和辅助件9之间建立，以及在销钉5的另一端通过钉帽10与外侧材料层3之间的摩擦配合式连接来建立。
在根据图5的另一种实施方案中使用不带钉帽的销钉5。为此使用两个金属辅助件9作为可焊接的材料层。通过使用按照本发明的工具形成两个焊接连接，即，销钉5分别与两个辅助件9中的每一个之间的焊接连接。
因此，通过应用具有钉楔装置和焊接装置的工具，本发明在所有实施形式中实现了在至少两个材料层之间的可靠连接，其中，销钉钉穿至少两个材料层且紧接着与至少一个金属材料层焊接。

Claims (10)

1.一种用于将至少两个材料层(1，2，3，4)通过销钉(5)拼合起来的工具，其中，至少一个材料层(1)构造为金属材料层，所述工具包括钉楔装置(6)和焊接装置(7)，其中，所述钉楔装置(6)设计为，使所述销钉(5)钉穿待拼合的至少两个材料层(1，2，3，4)，所述焊接装置(7)设计为，在钉入所述销钉(5)之后将所述销钉的至少第一区段(8)与所述至少一个金属材料层(1)焊接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的工具，其特征在于，所述焊接装置(7)焊接所述销钉的至少第一区段(8)，其中，所述销钉的至少第一区段(8)位于所述销钉(5)的沿钉入方向的前端。
3.根据权利要求1所述的工具，其特征在于，所述焊接装置(7)将焊接电流导过所述销钉(5)。
4.根据权利要求1所述的工具，其特征在于，所述焊接装置(7)将销钉(5)的两个端部分别与各相应的金属材料层(1，4)焊接。
5.根据权利要求1所述的工具，其特征在于，所述钉楔装置(6)设计为，所述销钉(5)可气压地钉穿至少两个材料层(1，2，3，4)。
6.根据权利要求1所述的工具，其特征在于，所述工具设计为，在销钉(5)钉入之前将至少两个材料层(1，2，3，4)彼此夹紧。
7.根据权利要求1所述的工具，其特征在于，所述工具设计为，通过所述钉楔装置(6)这样钉入销钉(5)，该销钉(5)在其沿钉入方向位于后方的端部处具有钉帽(10)，在钉入之后所述钉帽(10)贴靠在沿钉入方向的第一材料层(4)上。
8.一种用于通过销钉(5)拼合至少两个材料层(1，2，3，4)的方法，其中，至少一个材料层构造为金属材料层，其特征在于，借助于根据权利要求1所述的工具使销钉(5)穿过待拼合的至少两个材料层(1，2，3，4)，且在将所述销钉(5)钉入之后至少将所述销钉的第一区段(8)与所述至少一个金属材料层(1，4)焊接。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法，其特征在于，至少一个材料层(2，3)由塑料或纤维塑料复合物，例如玻璃纤维强化的塑料构成。
10.根据权利要求8所述的方法，其特征在于，至少一个金属材料层(1，4)由金属辅助件(9)构成。
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