CN1031197C - 一类杂环活性分散染料的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
- C09B62/00—Reactive dyes, i.e. dyes which form covalent bonds with the substrates or which polymerise with themselves
- C09B62/02—Reactive dyes, i.e. dyes which form covalent bonds with the substrates or which polymerise with themselves with the reactive group directly attached to a heterocyclic ring
- C09B62/36—Reactive dyes, i.e. dyes which form covalent bonds with the substrates or which polymerise with themselves with the reactive group directly attached to a heterocyclic ring to some other heterocyclic ring
- C09B62/40—Azo dyes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
- C09B62/00—Reactive dyes, i.e. dyes which form covalent bonds with the substrates or which polymerise with themselves
- C09B62/44—Reactive dyes, i.e. dyes which form covalent bonds with the substrates or which polymerise with themselves with the reactive group not directly attached to a heterocyclic ring
- C09B62/503—Reactive dyes, i.e. dyes which form covalent bonds with the substrates or which polymerise with themselves with the reactive group not directly attached to a heterocyclic ring the reactive group being an esterified or non-esterified hydroxyalkyl sulfonyl or mercaptoalkyl sulfonyl group, a quaternised or non-quaternised aminoalkyl sulfonyl group, a heterylmercapto alkyl sulfonyl group, a vinyl sulfonyl or a substituted vinyl sulfonyl group, or a thiophene-dioxide group
- C09B62/507—Azo dyes
- C09B62/51—Monoazo dyes
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Abstract
本发明提供了一类用于锦纶、涤纶等纤维染色的杂环偶氮型活性分散染料的制备方法。其特点是用N-(β-羟乙基砜硫酸酯)-2,2,4,7-四甲基-1,2,3,4-四氢喹啉作偶合组份,与不同的芳胺合成的染料品种,色光从蓝光红至蓝色。该类染料的结构通式为:
Ar可以是苯系胺类或杂环胺类。该类染料兼有活性、分散、酸性染料的染色特性,得到的深色偶氮活性分散染料,具有色泽鲜艳,发色强度高等优点。
Description
本发明属于一类偶氮型活性分散染料的制备方法。特点是将β-羟乙基砜硫酸酯活性基连接在作为偶合组份的四氢喹啉杂环上,它可以和苯系胺类或杂环胺类,经过重氮化、偶合反应,制得蓝光红至蓝色的偶氮型活性分散染料。该类染料适用于锦纶、涤纶等多种纤维的染色。
以前研制的含β-羟乙基砜硫酸酯基活性分散染料,在偶氮型的染料品种中,活性基往往引入在重氮组份上,得到浅色的品种。例如:
其中R=-H,-CH3,-Cl,-OCH3;
R1=-H,-NHCOCH3;
R1,R2分别为-C2H5,-C2H4OH,-C2H4CN,-C2H4OCOCH3等。
若重氮组份上的R=-NO2,-CN等强吸电子基团时,β-羟乙基砜硫酸酯基就很难引入,因而难于制得深色的活性分散染料。
本发明的目的是设计了一类活性基β-羟乙基砜硫酸酯连接到杂环化合物四氢喹啉的氮原子上,以此作为偶合组份,然后与带有强吸电子基的苯系胺类或杂环胺类偶合,来制得色泽鲜艳、牢度好的蓝光红至蓝色的偶氮型活性分散染料。
用N-(β-羟乙基砜乙基)-2,2,4,7-四甲基-1,2,3,4-四氢喹啉作偶合组份,分别与2-氨基-5-乙硫醚基-1,3,4-噻哒唑、2-氰基-4-硝基-6-溴苯胺,以及3-氨基-5-硝基苯骈异噻唑偶合,然后用硫酸进行酯化,可以得到一个红、二个蓝色的偶氮型活性分散染料。这三个染料的结构为:
偶合组份-N-(β-羟乙基砜乙基)-2,2,4,7-四甲基-1,2,3,4-四氢喹啉的合成,是由2,2,4,7-四甲基-1,2,3,4-四氢喹啉经N-羟乙基化、氯化、缩合、氧化而制得。现在分述如下:
1. 2,2,4,7-四甲基-1,2,3,4-四氢喹啉(I)的N-羟乙基化反应
2.N-羟乙基-2,2,4,7-四甲基-1,2,3,4-四氢喹啉(II)与三氯氧磷的氯化
3.N-氯乙基-2,2,4,7-四甲基-1,2,3,4-四氢喹啉(III)与巯基乙醇进行缩合:
该反应要求在碱性介质中进行,以便于中和反应过程中生成的酸。因此,反应的pH值应控制在7~9,反应温度为75~85℃。当pH值偏高,反应速度加快,但容易使反应物水解。反应生成物是硫醚羟乙基化合物(IV):
4.硫醚基化合物(IV)的氧化
在氧化反应中,双氧水的用量与硫醚化合物(IV)的分子比为3∶1,催化剂的用量很少,硫醚化合物与钨酸钠的分子比为1∶0.005。反应的pH值为6~7,反应温度在40~80℃,氧化反应的生成物为N-(β羟乙基砜乙基)-2,2,4,7-四甲基-1,2,3,4-四氢喹啉(V)
芳胺的重氮化反应,采用亚硝酰硫酸来进行。就是首先将浓硫酸与固体亚硝酸钠作用,温度控制在60~80℃,然后,将生成的亚硝酰硫酸冷却,加入芳胺。重氮化反应的温度控制在0~5℃,溶液中要始终保持酸过量,反应的效果较好。
生成含羟乙基砜乙基的偶氮染料(VII),然后用浓硫酸再进行酯化反应。该反应是一个可逆反应,反应速度随水的生成而降低。染料(VII)与浓硫酸的分子比为1∶10~25,酯化反应温度控制在0~ 50℃,可分别制得染料L1,L2,L3:
蓝光红
活性分散染料L1,L2,L3在丙酮中最大吸收波长分别为521nm、568nm、616nm。它们的摩尔消光系数较高,在30,000~50,000之间。染料用于锦纶染色,色泽鲜艳,皂洗、汗渍和日晒牢度为4级左右。该染料还可用于涤纶高温高压染色,各项牢度均为4级左右。
用N-(β-羟乙基砜硫酸酯)-2,2,4,7-四甲基-1,2,3,4-四氢喹啉作偶合组份合成的偶氮型活性分散染料,兼备活性染料、分散染料、酸性染料的染色特性,适用于多种纤维的染色。可得到深色偶氮活性分散染料品种,并具有色光鲜艳,发色强度高等优点。
实例一
一.染料L1的合成
(1)2,2,4,7-四甲基-1,2,3,4-四氢喹啉的N-羟乙基化
在高压釜中加入2,2,4,7-四甲基-1,2,3,4-四氢喹啉5.7克(0.03摩尔)、乙醇30毫升和环氧乙烷5毫升,搅拌下升温至160±5℃,此温下反应约8小时至终点。用薄板层析显示原料斑点消失。减压蒸出乙醇,将余下反应物倒入冰水中固化、过滤、干燥,得到灰白色固体颗粒6.7克,产率为96%。
(2)N-羟乙基-2,2,4,7-四甲基-1,2,3,4-四氢喹啉的氯化
在装有回流冷凝器的三口烧瓶中加入N-羟乙基-2,2,4,7-四甲基-1,2,3,4-四氢喹啉14克(0.06摩尔),温度控制在10~20℃下,慢慢滴加三氯氧磷14.8克(0.0096摩尔),加毕升温至95±2℃,回流反应2小时至终点。产物于冰水中析出、过滤、干燥,得产物14克,产率为92.6%,熔点55-56℃。
(3)N-氯乙基-2,2,4,7-四甲基-1,2,3,4-四氢喹啉与巯基乙醇缩合
在装有回流冷凝器的三口瓶中加入N-氯乙基-2,2,4,7-四甲基-1,2,3,4-四氢喹啉15.1克(0.006摩尔)、巯基乙醇7.5克(0.096摩尔)、碳酸钠9.5克(0.09摩尔)、无水乙醇120毫升和微量水,搅拌升温,控制温度在80℃回流反应6小时,用薄板层析检查终点。用分水器分出乙醇,用乙醚萃取后,蒸发除去乙醚,得到棕色液体缩合物16.3克,用液相色谱检测纯度为98%,产率为91%。
(4)N-羟乙基乙基硫醚-2,2,4,7-四甲基-1,2,3,4-四氢喹啉的氧化
在小烧杯中加0.012克三氧化钨和7毫升水,搅拌加2滴30%NaOH,使之溶解。此溶液加入到30毫升乙醇溶解3克(0.01摩尔)N-羟乙基乙基硫醚-2,2,4,7-四甲基-1,2,3,4-四氢喹啉的溶液中,用醋酸调pH为6~7,加热至30℃,慢慢滴加1毫升34%双氧水(0.01摩尔),加完后温度控制在50-60℃,反应一段时间,于60分钟内滴加1毫升双氧水(0.01摩尔),过程中用10%碳酸钠溶液保持pH6~7,然后在60分钟内再滴加1毫升双氧水(0.01摩尔)。用薄板层析显示原料硫醚和亚砜斑点消失,即为终点。氧化产物经质谱、红外光谱鉴定,液相色谱分析,纯度99%以上。反应液待用。
(5)2-氨基-5-乙硫醚基-1,3,4-噻哒唑重氮化
在小烧杯中加入5毫升98%硫酸和0.7克(0.01摩尔)亚硝酸钠,搅拌加热至60~70℃,搅拌20分钟后冷却至5℃以下,滴加10毫升丙酸-乙酸(1∶5)混合液,此过程温度不超过15℃,加毕,冷却至0℃,控制温度在0~ 5℃,慢慢加入1.3克(0.01摩尔)2-氨基-5-乙硫醚基-1,3,4-噻哒唑,然后再加入10毫升丙酸-乙酸(1∶5)混合液,搅拌3小时至终点,得到的重氮盐溶液待用。
(6)2-氨基-5-乙硫醚基-1,3,4-噻哒唑重氮盐与N-羟乙基砜乙基-2,2,4,7-四甲基-1,2,3,4-四氢喹啉偶合
将反应(5)制得的重氮盐溶液,于搅拌下慢慢滴加到反应(4)溶液中,不断加入碎冰,控制反应温度低于10℃,搅拌3小时至终点。用醋酸钾溶液调pH至中性,搅拌2小时,过滤、水洗、干燥。得产品4.4克,产率94%。
(7)羟乙基染料酯化
将反应(6)得到的4.4克羟乙基染料在搅拌下慢慢加入到20克100%H2SO4中,20~25℃搅拌2小时,升温至40℃,再搅拌2小时,用薄板层析控制反应终点。将酯化物料慢慢倒入冰水中析出,过滤,用饱和食盐水洗至中性、干燥,得产品4.9克,产率95%。
实例二
二.染料L2的合成
第(1)、(2)、(3)、(4)步与实例一的(1)、(2)、(3)、(4)步相同,在此省略。(5).2-氰基-4-硝基-6-溴苯胺重氮化
在小烧杯中加入8毫升98%H2SO4和0.7克(0.01摩尔)亚硝酸钠,升温至60~70℃,搅拌20分钟,然后冷却至5℃以下,在0~5℃下慢慢加入2.4克(0.01摩尔)2-氰基-4-硝基-6-溴苯胺,保持在此温下搅拌3小时至终点,得到重氮盐溶液待用。
第(6)、(7)步与实例一的(6)、(7)步相同。
采用与L2相同的反应步骤,用3-氨基-5-硝基苯骈异噻唑作重氮组份,可制得染料L3。
Claims (1)
- 一类由重氮化、偶合而得到的深色杂环偶氮型活性分散染料的制备方法,其特征在于:该类染料的制备是用N-(β-羟乙基砜乙基)-2,2,4,7-四甲基-1,2,3,4-四氢喹啉作偶合组份,分别与苯系胺类或杂环胺类作重氮组份,经重氮化、偶合、酯化,制成蓝光红到蓝色的偶氮型活性分散染料;偶合组份的制备是将2,2,4,7-四甲基-1,2,3,4-四氢喹啉与环氧乙烷以分子比1∶3~4,在乙醇介质中,于150~170℃反应制得N-羟乙基-2,2,4,7-四甲基-1,2,3,4-四氢喹啉,该化合物与三氯氧磷按分子比1∶1.5~1.7在93~98℃温度下反应,生成的N-氯乙基-2,2,4,7-四甲基-1,2,3,4-四氢喹啉,再与巯基乙醇于75~85℃,pH=7~9缩合,制得的硫醚化合物在乙醇介质中,以钨酸钠作催化剂,于40~80℃条件下,用双氧水氧化,即可得到偶合组分N-(β-羟乙基砜乙基)-2,2,4,7-四甲基-1,2,3,4-四氢喹啉。重氮盐的制备方法是将浓硫酸与亚硝酸钠在60~80℃下先生或亚硝酰硫酸,冷却后加入芳胺:2-氨基-5-乙硫醚基-1,3,4-噻哒唑;或2-氰基-4硝基-6-溴苯胺;或3-氨基-5-硝基苯骈噻唑,在0~5℃反应即可;染料的合成是将N-(β-羟乙基砜乙基)-2,2,4,7-四甲基-1,2,3,4-四氢喹啉与芳胺重氮盐,在强酸性介质中,0~15℃下进行偶合反应,生成含羟乙基砜乙基的偶氮染料,再与浓硫酸以1∶10~25摩尔比进行酯化反应,反应温度控制在0~50℃,可分别制得蓝光红、红光蓝和蓝色的三个偶氮型活性分散染料,它们的染料结构分别是:蓝光红
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