CN103107104A - 一种倒装芯片的制作方法 - Google Patents
一种倒装芯片的制作方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种生成凸起并在凸起界定区域内使用合金Ga-In制作凸点的倒装芯片制作方法。所述倒装芯片的制作方法包括:在芯片上生长凸起;在凸起界定的区域内放入合金Ga-In薄片,升高温度使薄片重熔,材料布满整个界定区域中底部;在一定温度和压力下芯片凸点与布线板电极精确对位压接,经固化实现芯片的倒装。本发明由于界定区域的凸起位置固定,使得凸点定位精度高,并且凸点节距可以达到25μm。本发明不需要高温环境,能有效避免因高温而造成的器件失效现象,尤其适合某些特殊器件封装,如热敏器件、光电器件。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种倒装芯片方法,更具体地涉及在芯片上围绕电极生成凸起,在其界定区域内用合金Ga-In形成凸点,并施以一定压力附着到布线板电极上的倒装芯片制作方法。
背景技术
将芯片固定或物理连接到基板上称为键合。键合的方法主要有:芯片键合、引线键合和倒装芯片键合。倒装芯片键合是在芯片的连接焊盘上形成凸点并直接连接到PCB基板的工艺。倒装芯片技术有明显的优点:封装密度最高;具有良好的电和热性能;可靠性好;成本低。该技术在电子产品方面可实现朝向更小器件发展,因此人们对倒装芯片引起了很大关注。
图1所示为传统倒装芯片凸点的结构,其组成包括:芯片1、钝化层2、铝焊盘3、凸点下金属层UBM(Under-Bump Metallurgy)4、凸点5。芯片凸点5是在原芯片铝布线电极焊区或重新布局的新焊区上形成的。为达到凸点金属5与铝焊盘3及钝化层2良好的粘附性,又要防止凸点金属5与铝焊盘3生成不希望有的金属间化合物,一般应先在凸点金属下制备有粘附层、扩散阻挡层和导电层的多层金属化层4。典型的粘附金属有Cr、Ti、Ni、TiN等,扩散阻挡层金属有W、Mo、Ni等,导电金属则常用Au、Cu、Pb/Sn等,这种多种金属化层常采用溅射、蒸发、化学镀、电镀等方法来完成。凸点金属5的制作材料多为Au、Cu、Pb/Sn、In或它们的组合。形成凸点5的方法主要有电镀法、化学镀法、钉头凸点形成法、模板印刷焊料法及热注射焊料法等。在这些凸点中,Pb/Sn焊料凸点因具有突出优点而备受重视。由于它是半球形,在倒装焊时随着焊料熔化可自对准定位,能控制Pb/Sn焊料的塌陷程度及凸点高度,所以又称为可控塌陷芯片连接技术(C4)。金凸点主要用于LCD驱动元件的TAB(tape automated bonding)和COG(chip on glass)实装,前者通过金凸点与电镀锡的引脚实现金属间键合,后者通过各向异性导电膜(ACF)实现Au凸点与LCD的ITO膜的连接。
传统的倒装芯片结构在焊料熔化,相邻凸点键合时,彼此容易出现短路现象,因此凸点的大小及间距受到限制。
发明内容
为解决上述问题,本发明的目的是提供一种倒装芯片方法,该方法可以有效的解决凸点键合时容易产生短路现象的问题,并实现较小的压点节距。
本发明的另一个目的是为倒装芯片提供一种新型材料,该金属材料粘附性好,熔点较低,在倒装片压接互联的过程中不需要很高温度,从而避免芯片受高温损伤。
为达到上述目的,本发明通过下面的实施方式实现。
本发明的实施方式包括:在芯片上生长围绕电极的凸起,凸起材料可以为硅胶、AB胶、黑胶的一种。在凸起界定的区域内放入合金Ga-In薄片,合金成分的摩尔比例范围为:In 18.5%-100%,Ga 81.5%-0%,在高于对应成分的Ga-In合金熔点温度的条件下使薄片重熔,在低于对应成分熔点温度的条件下将芯片凸点与布线板电极精确对位,对每个芯片施以持续15秒,2-10kg压力进行压接。在凸起材料固化温度的条件下,实现倒装芯片的固化。
附图说明
图1为传统倒装芯片凸点的结构示意图;
图2为本发明的倒装芯片实施方法的流程图;
图3为布有电极的芯片的剖视图;
图4为在芯片上生成凸起的剖视图与凸起分布的俯视图;
图5为在芯片上生成底层金属UBM的剖视图;
图6为在凸起界定的区域内放入Ga-In薄片的剖视图;
图7为Ga-In薄片在凸起界定的区域内重熔的剖视图;
图8为布线板电极与芯片凸点对位压接的剖视图;
图9为对倒装芯片进行固化的剖视图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明的技术方案作进一步描述。
图2为本发明的倒装芯片实施方法的流程图。如图2所示,本发明的倒装芯片实施方法包括:在芯片电极周围形成凸点(S11),在芯片电极上形成凸点下金属层UBM(S12),在芯片凸起的界定范围放入Ga-In合金薄片(S13),在一定温度下重熔金属薄片(S14),芯片与布线板的对位压接(S15),对倒装芯片进行固化(S16)。
图3为芯片6上布有电极7的剖视图,电极的节距可以达到25-50μm。
图4左图为在芯片6上生成凸起8(S11)的剖视图,凸起8的制作方法有蒸发沉积、电镀、模板印刷等工艺,凸起8的制作材料有硅胶、AB胶、黑胶。这几种材料的共同优点是粘结能力强。凸起8将作为接下来倒装芯片制作过程中凸点材料的阻挡装置,用于界定凸点10的成型区域。其中,凸起8的宽度和高度以及凸起8的间距可以根据芯片电极7而改变。图4右图为芯片上凸起8分布的俯视图。凸起8的平面形状可以是圆形、方形、多边形等,本发明中凸起8的形状为圆形。
图5为在芯片上生成凸起下金属层UBM 9(S12)的剖视图。凸起下金属层9的制作方法有溅射、蒸发、化学镀、电镀等工艺。
图6为在凸起界定的区域内放入合金Ga-In薄片10(S13)的剖视图。Ga-In薄片10以相同剂量放入凸点的界定区域。Ga-In易被氧化,因此S13、S14、S15、S16中任一步骤都要在真空中进行操作。
图7为Ga-In薄片10在凸起界定的区域内重熔(S14)的剖视图。重熔温度设为高于对应成分的Ga-In熔点温度,Ga-In薄片10在这样的温度下在凸起界定的区域内重熔,布满整个界定区域中底部。
图8为布线板11的电极12与芯片6的凸点8对位压接(S15)的剖视图。在低于对应成分的Ga-In熔点温度下,将布线板11的电极12与芯片6的凸点8精确对位,通过合金Ga-In的粘附力保持相对位置,对每个芯片施加2-10kg的压力,持续时间15秒,实现其压接。
图9为对倒装芯片进行固化(S16)的剖视图。在相应凸点材料的固化温度下,实现倒装芯片的固化。
以上内容是结合具体的实施方式对本发明所作的进一步详细说明,不能认定本发明的具体实施只局限于这些说明。对于本发明所属技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明构思的前提下,还可以做出若干简单推演或替换,都应当视为属于本发明的保护范围。
Claims (8)
1.一种倒装芯片方法,其特征在于包括:在芯片上生长围绕电极的凸起;在芯片电极上生成凸点下金属层UBM;在凸起界定的区域内放入Ga-In薄片,升高温度使薄片重熔,材料布满整个界定区域中底部;在一定温度和压力下芯片凸点与布线板电极精确对位压接,经固化实现芯片的倒装。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,在基板上生长凸起的方法包括:蒸发沉积、电镀或丝网印刷中的一种,所述凸起的制作材料包括:硅胶、AB胶、黑胶中的一种。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述凸起的形状包括圆形、方形或多边形中的任一种。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,生成凸点下金属层UBM的方法包括:溅射、蒸发、化学镀、电镀中的一种。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,合金Ga-In中两种金属成分的摩尔比例范围为:In 18.5%-100%,Ga 81.5%-0%,所对应的Ga-In熔点为30℃-156.6℃,Ga-In薄片重熔温度为高于对应成分的Ga-In熔点的温度,在这样的温度下薄片重熔并布满整个界定区域的中底部。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,将Ga-In薄片材料放入凸起界定区域内。
7.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,在低于该成分的Ga-In熔点温度下,使芯片凸点与布线板电极精确对位,对每个芯片施加2-10kg的压力,持续时间5-25秒,实现其粘附。
8.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,在低于凸起材料Tg点的温度条件下实现倒装芯片的固化。
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