CN103091197A - Weighing steam infiltration meter - Google Patents
Weighing steam infiltration meter Download PDFInfo
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- CN103091197A CN103091197A CN2013100142737A CN201310014273A CN103091197A CN 103091197 A CN103091197 A CN 103091197A CN 2013100142737 A CN2013100142737 A CN 2013100142737A CN 201310014273 A CN201310014273 A CN 201310014273A CN 103091197 A CN103091197 A CN 103091197A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a weighing steam infiltration meter, which is used for monitoring and testing the transpiration and leakage of water in soil. The weighing steams infiltration meter disclosed by the invention comprises an internal barrel made of metal material and an outer barrel arranged outside the internal barrel. A thermal insulation material is arranged in the outer barrel, and the soil of which the quality is the same as that of the soil to be monitored is filled in the internal barrel. A water-proof edge is arranged between the upper surface of the soil and the upper edge of the internal barrel. A water sensor, a temperature sensor and a thermal flux sensor are respectively arranged in the soil put in the internal barrel. The test signal output wires of the sensors are connected with a signal collection controller which is arranged outside the outer barrel. Three compressive springs which are used for supporting the internal barrel and the fixed weights of the soil in the internal barrel, and a pressure sensor which is used for testing the variable quantities of the internal barrel and the fixed weights of the soil in the internal barrel. The weighing steam infiltration meter disclosed by the invention can test the differences among the water, the temperature and the thermal flux of the soil in the monitoring position in real time, and can be used for quantitatively analyzing the differences, so that the test of the overall system is typical.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind ofly steam and ooze meter for evapotranspire device, particularly a kind of Weighing type with seepage of monitoring Soil Water.
Background technology
Evapotranspiration is the important component part in the surface water balance, and is significant in zone and water globe balance-dividing.The Accurate Determining Evapotranspiration is one of precondition of effectively utilizing surface water resources.It is that the equipment as direct mensuration Evapotranspiration at home and abroad is widely used at present according to a kind of instrument of earth's surface water balance principle development that meter (Lysimeter) is oozed in steaming.
It is to be used for measuring according to principle of water balance design a kind of the instrument that Farmland Water evapotranspires that meter is oozed in steaming, can be divided into two kinds of Weighing type and non-Weighing types, referring to: Zhu Zixi. american agriculture meteorology and field evapotranspiration research [J]. meteorology, 1996,22 (6): 3-9.Be mainly used to test total Water and the soil water leakage that Soil Water evaporates and the crop transpiration is scattered and disappeared, can monitor rainfall amount, the dried wet deposition of condensate water and dust and sand weather etc. simultaneously.Weighing type steams and oozes meter according to its measuring principle difference both at home and abroad, mainly can be divided into mechanical weighing type lysimeter, pressure transducer Weighing type steam ooze meter, 4 types of meter, hydraulic digester hair devices etc. are oozed in the fluid pressure type steaming, referring to: Yang Zhengming, Jin Yie. agricultural weather principle of instrument [M]. Beijing: publishing house of Beijing Agricultural University, 1989,236-246.Its common feature is to utilize sensor to measure the soil moisture weight change that causes because of soil evaporation, crop transpiration, seepage, precipitation or irrigation in soil container.
To ooze meter deadweight larger due to steaming, as adopt direct measurement, even high-precision sensor still can't reach measuring accuracy.Balance is offset and is steamed the fixed weight part of oozing meter, and both the method for " extremely " load was more, as: mechanical lever principle, travelling block principle, hydraulic principle etc., but complex manufacturing technology, the maintenance after being unfavorable for building up, in addition, cost is higher, and what have even accounts for more than 50% of whole equipment manufacturing cost.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of Weighing type steaming and ooze meter.
Weighing type of the present invention steams to ooze to count and comprises: interior bucket and an outer barrel that is placed in outside interior bucket made from metal material, be provided with thermal insulation material within outer barrel, be filled with within the inner barrel and identical soil property soil monitoredly, leave a waterproof edge between the coboundary of the upper surface of soil and interior bucket, lay respectively moisture, temperature and heat flux sensor in the soil of interior bucket, the detection signal output line of the sensor signal acquisition controller outer with being arranged at outer barrel is connected.On outer barrel is gone to the bottom with the going to the bottom of interior bucket under be provided with three be used for supporting in bucket and interior soil fixing quality thereof Compress Spring and for detection of the pressure transducer of the variable that goes out interior barrel and interior soil fixing quality.
Weighing type of the present invention steams and oozes meter, be provided with within the inner barrel at least one cover moisture, temperature and heat flux sensor, and every cover moisture, temperature and heat flux sensor is arranged on the plane of sustained height.
Weighing type of the present invention steams and oozes meter, and the loaded filter in bucket under earth pillar is provided with by some porous ceramic pipes and is the water replanishing device that radial arrangement consists of, and the feed pipe of water replanishing device is connected with water pump.
Weighing type of the present invention steams the water pump that oozes the feed pipe that is communicated with water replanishing device in meter and controls by the signal acquisition controller that detects moisture, temperature and heat flux sensor.
In the present invention, 3 LOAD CELLS adopt and are connected in parallel, and are connected with data acquisition unit by the compensation terminal box, to reduce the inconsistent error that causes of transducer sensitivity.Weight change due to the soil bucket, cause that the sensor STRESS VARIATION produces the voltage signal of microvolt level, be sent to prime amplifier through the shielding transmission cable again and carry out amplification filtering, conversion is digital signal with analog signal conversion through A/D again, quantized by this digital signal of computer data acquiring software collection, and preserve.
Following advantage of the present invention:
1, steaming of the present invention is oozed meter and is steamed the fixed weight part of oozing meter owing to having adopted brute spring to offset in advance, both " extremely " loads, then measure the weight change of its " work " load with the higher LOAD CELLS of sensitivity, then by data acquisition unit, the weight change value that records is converted into the height change value corresponding with evaporation from water surface and quantity of precipitation.Therefore higher measuring accuracy and sensitivity are arranged.
2, adopted interior outer barrel double layer design because of the present invention, and be provided with thermal insulation material on the outer barrel inwall, reduce the heat side direction exchange between the interior soil of bucket and surrounding air, made the hot situation of barrel interior soil consistent with the situation in land for growing field crops around monitored place, improved the representativeness that detects.
3, the present invention has adopted the structure that many cover soil moisture, temperature and heat flux sensors are set within the inner barrel on the plane of differing heights, the difference of can the Real-Time Monitoring bucket inside and outside soil moisture, temperature and thermoflux, be used for the difference of quantitative test between them, make the detection of whole system have more representativeness.
4, the present invention's loaded filter under earth pillar in bucket is provided with by some porous ceramic pipes and is the water replanishing device that radial arrangement consists of, the feed pipe of water replanishing device is connected with two way water pump, formation like this water balance of the present invention system, this system can according to soil bucket and on every side the Soil water diffevence between the land for growing field crops automatically replenish and withdrawing moisture to undisturbed soil, guarantee that undisturbed soil is consistent with the soil moisture conservation in land for growing field crops on every side, guarantee the representativeness of the evapotranspiration of surveying.
5, the present invention's loaded filter under earth pillar in bucket is provided with by some porous ceramic pipes and is the water replanishing device that radial arrangement consists of, the feed pipe of water replanishing device is connected with two way water pump, formation like this water balance of the present invention system, this system can according to soil bucket and on every side the Soil water diffevence between the land for growing field crops automatically replenish and withdrawing moisture to undisturbed soil, guarantee that undisturbed soil is consistent with the soil moisture conservation in land for growing field crops on every side, guarantee the representativeness of the evapotranspiration of surveying.
6, available system software of the present invention integrate that equipment control automatically, automatic data collection, many key elements graphic animations dynamically show, the function such as data autostore and post-processed, real time data acquisition, generate in real time and gather file and wireless transmission, promoted the automatic Observation level of oozing meter equipment of steaming.The functions such as available system software of the present invention integrates that equipment control automatically, automatic data collection, many key elements graphic animations dynamically show, data autostore and post-processed, real time data acquisition, generate in real time and gather file and wireless transmission, promoted the automatic Observation level of oozing meter equipment of steaming.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing 1 is structural representation of the present invention, and accompanying drawing 2 is by some porous ceramic pipes the water replanishing device schematic diagram that radial arrangement consists of for of the present invention.
In figure: 1-spring, 2-pressure transducer, 3-temperature sensor, 4-humidity sensor, 5-moisturizing ceramic pipe, 6-two way water pump, the 7-flowmeter, the 8-acquisition controller, 9 gather operation circuit, 10-moisturizing container, 11-water pipe, 12-bucket, the detecting sensor of 13 in addition-layer setting, 14-divider wall.
Embodiment
The present invention is below in conjunction with description of drawings.
Steaming of the present invention is oozed the bucket 12 of meter for circular, has two kinds in its specific embodiment, and a kind of area that effectively evapotranspires is 2m
2, the alternative area that effectively evapotranspires is 4m
2At the interior placement soil of bucket 12, the formed earth pillar degree of depth is respectively 2m and 2.5m in bucket.In order to reduce as far as possible the impact of bucket 12 interior lateral heat interchange, bucket 12 adopts inside and outside two-layer steel drum, steel drum adopts the thick corrosion resistant plate of 5mm in it in example of the present invention, outer steel drum adopts the thick general steel plate of 2mm, be filled with thermal insulation material between interior outer barrel, be used for stoping lateral heat interchange in bucket.In bucket, earth pillar is undisturbed soil, and undisturbed soil should be consistent with field soil composition around the monitoring point.The thick loaded filter of 35cm is set under earth pillar.Loaded filter is comprised of rough sand and gravel, along exceeding the surperficial approximately 10cm of earth pillar, forms waterproof edge on steel drum.At soil bucket and large Tanaka's layering, the sensors such as soil moisture sensor 4, temperature sensor sensor 3 and thermoflux (not expression in Fig. 1) are installed, are used for the variation of the inside and outside soil moisture of Real-Time Monitoring bucket, temperature, thermoflux.In the contact portion of earth pillar and loaded filter rough sand, automatic makeup (taking out) water device has been installed, this automatic makeup (taking out) water device is radial arrangement by some porous ceramic pipes and consists of, referring to accompanying drawing 2, automatic makeup (taking out) water device can be according to the difference of soil bucket and field soil moisture on every side additional and withdrawing moisture automatically, is consistent to guarantee that native inner bucket water divides with land for growing field crops on every side.
The below of bucket of the present invention 12 (is the fixed weight part with total " quiet " quality of consistent brute spring 1 barrel support 12 of three performances and interior earth pillar thereof, " extremely " load of barrel support 12 and interior earth pillar thereof namely), the gravity sensitive system that is comprised of high-precision pressure sensor 2 and support is set on semi-girder simultaneously, detect the change amount of the gross mass of barrel support 12 and interior earth pillar thereof with the gravity sensitive system, and this change amount is just by the variable quantity of biodiversity in earth pillar.
Soil moisture of the present invention, the soil moisture, soil heat flux, and the change amount of the gross mass of barrel support 12 and interior earth pillar thereof all detects by corresponding sensor, and be connected in data acquisition unit 8 by communication cable circuit 9, the data processing software that the data of all collections are passed through is processed, by data acquisition unit 8, the weight change value that records is converted into to evaporation from water surface and height change value corresponding to quantity of precipitation again and carries out simultaneously relevant control, as starting two way water pump moisturizing or the operation of drawing water.
3 LOAD CELLS adopt and are connected in parallel in the present invention, are connected with data acquisition unit by the compensation terminal box, to reduce the inconsistent error that causes of transducer sensitivity.Weight change due to the soil bucket, cause that the sensor STRESS VARIATION produces the voltage signal of microvolt level, be sent to prime amplifier through the shielding transmission cable again and carry out amplification filtering, conversion is digital signal with analog signal conversion through A/D again, quantized by this digital signal of computer data acquiring software collection, and preserve.
Because meter and land for growing field crops isolation are mutually physically on every side oozed in steaming, its soil bucket weight change value is evapotranspiration or the key elements such as quantity of precipitation, leakage.Concrete calculating utilized the surface water equilibrium equation:
ΔS=P+I+Q-ΔR-ET (1)
In formula: Δ S-soil moisture (soil stores the water yield) variable quantity (mm), P-quantity of precipitation (mm), I-irrigation volume (mm), Q-underground moisturizing or leakage (mm), Δ R-flow path surface (mm), ET-evapotranspiration (mm).
Ooze meter for steaming, Δ R can ignore, and equation (1) can be rewritten as following formula:
ET=P+I+Q-ΔS (2)
(2) in formula, rainfall amount has automatic rainfall station to measure, and irrigation volume has manual control, and leakage and rate of water make-up, soil moisture change amount are oozed instrumentation by steaming and got, and can obtain evapotranspiration thus.
The water balance system can according to soil bucket and on every side the Soil water diffevence between the land for growing field crops automatically replenish and withdrawing moisture to undisturbed soil, guarantee that undisturbed soil is consistent with the soil moisture conservation in land for growing field crops on every side, the representativeness of the assurance evapotranspiration of surveying.
The present invention in bucket and land for growing field crops equal height higher slice laid many key elements monitoring sensors such as soil moisture, temperature, thermoflux, the difference of can the Real-Time Monitoring bucket inside and outside soil moisture, temperature and thermoflux can be used for the difference of quantitative test differing heights layer.
Claims (4)
1. Weighing type steams and oozes meter, it is characterized in that comprising: interior bucket and an outer barrel that is placed in outside interior bucket made from metal material, be provided with thermal insulation material within outer barrel, be filled with within the inner barrel soil property soil identical with tested geodetic and form earth pillar, leave a waterproof edge between the coboundary of the upper surface of earth pillar and interior bucket, arrange under earth pillar 35cm thick form loaded filter by rough sand and gravel, lay respectively soil moisture, temperature and heat flux sensor in the soil of interior bucket, the detection signal output line of the sensor signal acquisition controller outer with being arranged at outer barrel is connected.On outer barrel is gone to the bottom with the going to the bottom of interior bucket under be provided with three be used for supporting in bucket and interior soil fixing quality thereof Compress Spring and for detection of the pressure transducer of the variable that goes out interior barrel and interior soil fixing quality.
2. Weighing type according to claim 1 steams and oozes meter, it is characterized in that being provided with within the inner barrel at least one cover moisture, temperature and heat flux sensor, and every cover moisture, temperature and heat flux sensor is arranged on the plane of sustained height.
3. Weighing type according to claim 1 and 2 steams and oozes meter, it is characterized in that the loaded filter under earth pillar is provided with by some porous ceramic pipes in bucket to be the water replanishing device that radial arrangement consists of, and the feed pipe of water replanishing device is connected with two way water pump.
4. Weighing type according to claim 3 steams and oozes meter, and the water pump that it is characterized in that being communicated with the feed pipe of water replanishing device is controlled by the signal acquisition controller that detects moisture, temperature and heat flux sensor.
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Cited By (13)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103278421A (en) * | 2013-06-04 | 2013-09-04 | 清华大学 | Lysimeter device suitable for green roof and use method of lysimeter device |
| CN103913206A (en) * | 2014-03-20 | 2014-07-09 | 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所 | Crop canopy gradient moisture evaporation remote collecting instrument |
| CN105158106A (en) * | 2015-05-07 | 2015-12-16 | 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所 | Cold region micro-lysimeter measurement system and environment temperature compensation method using the same |
| CN105445140A (en) * | 2016-01-22 | 2016-03-30 | 成都汉维斯科技有限公司 | Evaporation testing method based on weighing method |
| CN105699243A (en) * | 2015-10-15 | 2016-06-22 | 山东农业大学 | Water and fertilizer integrated lysimeter measuring system adopting Internet of Things |
| CN106525636A (en) * | 2016-11-08 | 2017-03-22 | 广东省农业科学院蔬菜研究所 | Sensor for monitoring soil moisture content in real time, automatic irrigation system and irrigation method |
| CN108401728A (en) * | 2018-05-31 | 2018-08-17 | 中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所 | A kind of intelligent control barrel plant system |
| CN109387617A (en) * | 2018-12-27 | 2019-02-26 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 | A kind of dry earth pillar aqueous vapor heat migration observation experiment device |
| CN110898446A (en) * | 2019-12-10 | 2020-03-24 | 南京林业大学 | Dual-mode measurement large evaporator |
| CN110940607A (en) * | 2019-12-25 | 2020-03-31 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 | Near-surface water flux measuring system and method |
| CN111624328A (en) * | 2020-05-05 | 2020-09-04 | 中国农业科学院草原研究所 | Water supply metering lysimeter and use method thereof |
| CN112255135A (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2021-01-22 | 华中科技大学 | Device and method for testing liquid film evaporation power |
| CN113588912A (en) * | 2021-04-29 | 2021-11-02 | 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 | Simulation system and method for on-site simulation of frozen soil environment |
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Cited By (20)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103278421A (en) * | 2013-06-04 | 2013-09-04 | 清华大学 | Lysimeter device suitable for green roof and use method of lysimeter device |
| CN103278421B (en) * | 2013-06-04 | 2015-02-18 | 清华大学 | Lysimeter device suitable for green roof and use method of lysimeter device |
| CN103913206A (en) * | 2014-03-20 | 2014-07-09 | 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所 | Crop canopy gradient moisture evaporation remote collecting instrument |
| CN103913206B (en) * | 2014-03-20 | 2017-09-15 | 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所 | A kind of corps canopy gradient moisture evaporation remote collection instrument |
| CN105158106A (en) * | 2015-05-07 | 2015-12-16 | 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所 | Cold region micro-lysimeter measurement system and environment temperature compensation method using the same |
| CN105158106B (en) * | 2015-05-07 | 2017-11-10 | 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所 | A kind of cold area's miniature evaporator measuring system and its compensation method to environment temperature |
| CN105699243A (en) * | 2015-10-15 | 2016-06-22 | 山东农业大学 | Water and fertilizer integrated lysimeter measuring system adopting Internet of Things |
| CN105699243B (en) * | 2015-10-15 | 2018-01-30 | 山东农业大学 | Internet of Things water-fertilizer integral lysimeter measuring system |
| CN105445140A (en) * | 2016-01-22 | 2016-03-30 | 成都汉维斯科技有限公司 | Evaporation testing method based on weighing method |
| CN106525636A (en) * | 2016-11-08 | 2017-03-22 | 广东省农业科学院蔬菜研究所 | Sensor for monitoring soil moisture content in real time, automatic irrigation system and irrigation method |
| CN108401728A (en) * | 2018-05-31 | 2018-08-17 | 中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所 | A kind of intelligent control barrel plant system |
| CN109387617A (en) * | 2018-12-27 | 2019-02-26 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 | A kind of dry earth pillar aqueous vapor heat migration observation experiment device |
| CN110898446A (en) * | 2019-12-10 | 2020-03-24 | 南京林业大学 | Dual-mode measurement large evaporator |
| CN110898446B (en) * | 2019-12-10 | 2023-04-25 | 南京林业大学 | Dual-mode measurement large-scale evaporator |
| CN110940607A (en) * | 2019-12-25 | 2020-03-31 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 | Near-surface water flux measuring system and method |
| CN110940607B (en) * | 2019-12-25 | 2024-06-11 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 | Near-surface water flux measuring system and measuring method |
| CN111624328A (en) * | 2020-05-05 | 2020-09-04 | 中国农业科学院草原研究所 | Water supply metering lysimeter and use method thereof |
| CN112255135A (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2021-01-22 | 华中科技大学 | Device and method for testing liquid film evaporation power |
| CN113588912A (en) * | 2021-04-29 | 2021-11-02 | 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 | Simulation system and method for on-site simulation of frozen soil environment |
| CN113588912B (en) * | 2021-04-29 | 2023-10-20 | 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 | Simulation system and method for simulating frozen soil environment on site |
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Application publication date: 20130508 |