CN1198128C - Three barrel compensating type evaporation and penetration measuring device - Google Patents
Three barrel compensating type evaporation and penetration measuring device Download PDFInfo
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- CN1198128C CN1198128C CN 03134131 CN03134131A CN1198128C CN 1198128 C CN1198128 C CN 1198128C CN 03134131 CN03134131 CN 03134131 CN 03134131 A CN03134131 A CN 03134131A CN 1198128 C CN1198128 C CN 1198128C
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- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 title claims description 15
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 title claims description 13
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 title abstract 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
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- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 210000003361 heart septum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
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- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a three-barrel compensating type device for measuring evapotranspiration and penetration amounts of plants in shallow water areas, which belongs to a plant physiological and ecological monitoring and hydrological monitoring device. The device is characterized in that three measuring barrels are made of stainless steel; the lower barrel wall is ground sharply, and two handles are symmetrically welded outside the barrel wall; sensors are fixed on the inner walls of the three barrels by A-frames; three supporting points of the A-frames are respectively provided with a height adjuster with a scale. Stainless steel communicating guide pipes are welded on the three barrel walls, outer end ports of the pipes are flatted at the same level with the outer walls of the barrels; nets are arranged on the ports of the outer wall of the barrels. A sealing cover is additionally arranged on the port of one barrel, the edge of the pipe port is sealed by a sealing ring, the barrel wall has vent holes, and a wind cap is additionally arranged on the outside. A power supply with the direct current of 24V supplies electricity to the three sensors, the data can be directly collected or stored in a memory, and the overall system is automatically electrified to collect and process the data. The present invention has the characteristics of low cost, easy maintenance, high precision and the like.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the meteorological hydrology measuring equipment of plant physiology, ecological monitoring and wetland field.Relate to following in the evaporation, wetland environment of evapotranspiration to hydrophyte under the wetland environment, free-water level and infilter row observation automatically.Specially refer to the comparative observation device that oozes under plant evapotranspiration, evaporation from water surface, the wetland.
Background technology
At present, both at home and abroad mainly be divided into four classes for plant evapotranspiration, evaporation from water surface, the direct measurement mechanism that oozes down:
The first kind, lysimeter utilizes the mass balance method to determine that the evapotranspiration amount of each kind of plant reaches milliosmolarity down, for example, used lysimeter in " the novel lysimeter and the application in the hydrologic process research of farmland thereof " of scholar's Liu equality.The lysimeter method generally needs lot of manpower and material resources input and long-time maintenance process, and to sample to plant when measuring, second incubation, growth conditions that can only the approximate simulation protophyte.
Second class, lisimeter is by the evapotranspiration amount of determining to inquire into them to terrestrial plant lower soil water cut.Can only be that undersaturated plant is measured to the lower soil state, the measurement of hydrophyte evapotranspiration that is in state of saturation for underlying surface be nonsensical.Exist simultaneously and bury the perturbed problem of lisimeter underground the original state plant.
The 3rd class, the pore table, for example SALVADOR SANCHEZ-CARRILLO used the LICOR type LI-1600 pore table of the U.S. in " A simple methodfor estimating water loss by transpiration in wetlands " (a kind of simple and easy method of estimating rising water loss in the wetland).Directly the transpiration rate on plant monolithic blade face is measured by the physical detecting method, based on external imported product, expensive price makes this method be difficult to popularize.Though can accurately determine the transpiration rate of monolithic plant, extend to whole strain plant and determine that the error of unit area plant evapotranspiration amount is bigger.
The 4th class, the plant stem flow system utilizes the water yield of heat balance principle measuring unit time by plant stem, for to influencing isorrheic water surface evaporation, descending milliosmolarity to make measurement, also need be equipped with multiple special sensor.Be mainly external imported product, cost an arm and a leg, be difficult to popularize.
Up to now, mainly utilize ripple ratio method, turbulent diffusion method to set up special evapotranspiration monitoring station both at home and abroad, utilize various formula to inquire into the evapotranspiration amount indirectly by observation to various meteorologic parameters, drop into hugely, lack not disturbance plant growth state and the method for the simple and easy economy directly measured.China's wetland research just beginning starting lacks the system documentation that plant evapotranspiration is observed under the wetland environment.Consider the wet environment that wetland is special,, invent high-precision, timing automatic and gather lysimeter and become research of wetland water cycle and wetland engineering key technologies for application in order to reduce input.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind ofly in the wetland environment, do not destroy the device of data such as milliosmolarity under the evaporation capacity of the evapotranspiration amount of gathering the wetland hydrophyte under the prerequisite of aquatic plants growth state continuously and automatically, free-water level and the underlying surface; This device can solve in the wetland environment definite problem of milliosmolarity under the evaporation from water surface and plant evapotranspiration amount and underlying surface.
Technical scheme of the present invention, three stainless steel cylinder wall thickness 1.5-2mm that specification is identical, high 120cm, nozzle area 3000cm
2Diameter 61.8cm, the area and the diameter that are equal to standard E-601 evaporating dish, be symmetrically welded two handles of 1/5 drum circumference apart from nozzle 35cm place, upper end in the barrel outside, three inwall A-frame fixation of sensor, three fulcrums of A-frame are installed the arrangement for adjusting height that has scale respectively, and range of adjustment is 0-20cm.On three barrels, respectively open an aperture apart from nozzle 35cm place, welding external diameter 10mm in the hole, internal diameter 8mm, the stainless-steel tube of long 2cm, the pipe external port is concordant with the outer wall of tube, outer wall mouth of pipe place at tube establishes guard, and part puts long 40cm rubber flexible pipe in the tube of this pipe, and the flexible pipe upper end is fixed on the A-frame.Under the condition of not destroying measuring point soil and vegetation structure they are inserted in the growing environment of hydrophyte, 90cm linearly is provided with according to the tube heart septum.Utilize handrail evenly afterburning during placement, press down while rotating, reposefully tube is pressed in the silt seam, compression distance 80-90cm keeps the interior water surface of tube apart from nozzle 30-40cm.Three state is respectively (1) and includes the opening of protophyte nozzle, and it is open that (2) include the free-water level nozzle, and (3) include free-water level, and nozzle band O-ring seal seals.Establish air hole at the following 10cm of the nozzle of top seal tube place, the outside adds hurricane globe, and the air hole diameter is 5-10mm.Utilization is installed in the high-precision ultrasonic sensor measurement SEA LEVEL VARIATION in each cylinder, draws the data of milliosmolarity under water surface evaporation, plant emission and the underlying surface respectively.
Include the interior water balance expression formula of tube of the open tube of protophyte nozzle:
Δ
1=R+I-E-S, R-rainfall amount wherein, I-irrigation volume, E-plant transpiration and water surface evaporation, milliosmolarity under the S-.
Include the interior water balance expression formula of tube of the open tube of free-water level nozzle:
Δ
2=R+I-E
1-S, R-rainfall amount wherein, I-irrigation volume, E
1-water surface evaporation, milliosmolarity under the S-.
Include free-water level, nozzle seals the interior water balance expression formula of tube of tube:
Δ
3=S, wherein milliosmolarity under the S-.
Δ
i-the measured value of ultrasonic sensor in each.
The rainfall amount in same place, irrigation volume, following milliosmolarity are considered as identical, to state is to include the open tube implants of free-water level nozzle to deal with, remove the plant of the above 10cm of the water surface, the retention bar stem, making water purification face area and state in the tube is that to include the interior water purification face area of the open tube of protophyte nozzle identical, and it is consistent with natural water to utilize connection water pipe on the barrel to regulate each water level inside in the zero-time of each measuring phases.Draw the plant transpiration amount respectively by three compensation relationships each other, the following milliosmolarity of water surface evaporation and water.
Utilize the sensor measurement SEA LEVEL VARIATION; Utilize vertical adjustment bolt and displacement scale on the barrel to move down to leveling of sensor probe plane and integral body; Utilize the connecting tube on the barrel to keep three interior water levels consistent with natural water; Utilize air hole make sealing bore tube inner and outer air pressure identical but the tube in steam do not leak; Utilize single-chip microcomputer record and storage capacity, realize fixed point energising collection; Utilize sealed cell to solve the field power supply supply problem,, controller, collector, storer are enclosed in the instrument container according to the singularity of the moist high temperature in scene.
Effect of the present invention and benefit are directly the hydrophyte of primordial condition to be measured the growth conditions of not disturbance plant; Level measuring sensor accuracy height can satisfy the evapotranspiration Testing requirement; The power supply of field by using sealed lead acid storage battery, Operation and Maintenance is simple.Collector is sealed in the instrument container, is fit to moist field environment; The invention solves the mensuration problem of the saturated hydrophyte evapotranspiration of underlying surface, simultaneously can be to influencing isorrheic evaporation from water surface and infiltering accurately mensuration of row down.The whole system Operation and Maintenance is simple, floor area is little and it is higher to contrast the identical instrument cost performance of other functions.Can be widely used in crops fields such as hydrophyte such as reed, nutgrass flatsedge and paddy rice.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing 1 is three compensation lysimeter sectional views.
Among the figure: 1 sensor probe; 2 sensor probe holders; The angle steel of 3 static probe seats; 4 vertical positioning bolts; 5 vertical adjustment scales; 6 steel cylinder handrails; 7 wetland free-water levels; 8 underwater sludge layers; 9 hydrophyte; 10 barrel preformed holes; 11 are communicated with water pipe.
Accompanying drawing 2 is three compensation lysimeter sectional views.
Among the figure: the hydrophyte bar stem after 12 processing.
Accompanying drawing 3 is three compensation lysimeter sectional views.
Among the figure: 13 sealing covers; 14 cover handles; 15 air holes; 16 cover O-ring seals.
Accompanying drawing 4 is three compensation lysimeter vertical views.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, describe the specific embodiment of the present invention and most preferred embodiment in detail.
Embodiment
The method of utilizing three compensation lysimeters measurements to prick imperial wetland reed evapotranspiration amount process is as follows with concrete implementation step:
Step 1
(specification is wall thickness 1.5-2mm, high 120cm, nozzle area 3000cm three stainless steel cylinders
2, diameter 61.8cm is equal to the E-601 evaporating dish area and the diameter of standard) and the layout that is positioned on the straight line by 90 centimetres at interval in the center of circle, the center of circle is installed in the reed growth district.During installation with cylindrical sleeve on reed 9, do not disturb the evenly afterburning rotation steel cylinder of its growing environment handrail 6 to be pressed in lower floor's mud, free-water level 7 is apart from nozzle 30-40cm in the compression distance 80-90cm, this moment tube.
Step 2
Reed 9 in the tube shown in Fig. 1,2 is cut at free-water level 7 above 10cm, hydrophyte bar stem 12 after the reservation process, keep the area ratio of the water surface and reed, in three tubes, put into the angle steel 3 of sensor probe holder 2 and static probe seat and the bolt that is tightened respectively, penetrate sensor probe 1 and the bolt that screws on the probe makes it to be fixed on the sensor probe holder 2 by barrel preformed hole 10.Adjust the plane maintenance level that three vertical positioning bolts 4 make sensor probe holder 2 with reference to vertical adjustment scale scale 5, ultrasonic sensor probe 1 vertical free-water level 7, the surface of sensor probe 1 remains on about 10 centimetres to free-water level 7 distances, and the bolt that is tightened makes support steadily fixing.Three probes install the back and add sealing cover 13 on tubes shown in Figure 3, by cover O-ring seal 16 these tubes of sealing, utilize air hole 15 to keep the inside and outside pressure unanimity of tube again.Air hole is located at the following 10cm of nozzle place, and the outside adds hurricane globe, and the air hole diameter is 5-10mm.Unclamp the rubber flexible pipe of the connection water pipe 11 on the angle steel 3 that is stuck in static probe seat in three tubes respectively, make three interior water levels consistent with natural water.
Step 3
The connecting line of three sensor probes is received on the control unit interface, system is transferred to real-time acquisition state.Check wiring, comprise and being connected of computing machine connection, turn on the power switch (this moment, sampling switch disconnected) after checking, instrument is powered.Check the communication state between computing machine and the collection plate, confirm that the collector module is working properly.
Step 4
By computing machine collection plate is resetted, the acquisition and recording before removing, and the sampling interval time was set between 1-24 hour.Cut off the electricity supply.Disconnection is connected with computing machine, and the sampling switch plug is plugged, and powers to master control borad again.Enter automatic acquisition state this moment.
Step 5
Close seal box, the beginning automatic data collection.
Step 6
Automatic data collection was connected to computing machine on the collector after a period of time, extracted Monitoring Data.As sampling interval is 1 hour, can extract 35 day data at most.
Claims (1)
1, a kind of three compensation measurement shoal water zone plant evapotranspirations reach the device of milliosmolarity down, utilize the stainless steel cylinder of three highly identical, lower ending openings, sharp edges, measure the variable quantity of water level inside separately, draw water surface evaporation, plant emission and the following milliosmolarity at this place; The state of three tubes be respectively in the upper opening tube in protophyte, the upper opening tube for being the nature water surface in the nature water surface, the top sealing tube; Three inner high-precision ultrasound wave sensor measure water of the same type positions of installing of tube change; The feature of three compensation lysimeters is:
1) measure the manufacturing of tube employing stainless steel for three, barrel polishing in bottom is sharp, wall thickness 1.5-2.0mm, high 120cm, nozzle area 3000cm
2, diameter 61.8cm; Be symmetrically welded two handles of 1/5 drum circumference apart from nozzle 35cm place, upper end in the barrel outside;
2) three inwall A-frame fixation of sensor, three fulcrums of A-frame are installed the arrangement for adjusting height that has scale respectively, and range of adjustment is 0-20cm;
3) on three barrels, respectively open an aperture apart from nozzle 35cm place, welding external diameter 10mm in the hole, internal diameter 8mm, the stainless-steel tube of long 2cm, the pipe external port is concordant with the outer wall of tube, outer wall mouth of pipe place at tube establishes guard, and part puts long 40cm rubber flexible pipe in the tube of this pipe, and the flexible pipe upper end is fixed on the A-frame;
4) nozzle of top seal tube seals with O-ring seal, establishes air hole at the following 10cm of nozzle place, and the outside adds hurricane globe, and the air hole diameter is 5-10mm.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 03134131 CN1198128C (en) | 2003-08-18 | 2003-08-18 | Three barrel compensating type evaporation and penetration measuring device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 03134131 CN1198128C (en) | 2003-08-18 | 2003-08-18 | Three barrel compensating type evaporation and penetration measuring device |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1514227A CN1514227A (en) | 2004-07-21 |
| CN1198128C true CN1198128C (en) | 2005-04-20 |
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ID=34239923
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 03134131 Expired - Fee Related CN1198128C (en) | 2003-08-18 | 2003-08-18 | Three barrel compensating type evaporation and penetration measuring device |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1198128C (en) |
Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1945318B (en) * | 2006-09-26 | 2010-09-15 | 甘肃省治沙研究所 | Full automatic underground water constant level compensating lysimeter |
| CN104266929B (en) * | 2014-09-19 | 2017-01-11 | 西北农林科技大学 | Automatic minitype lysimeter suitable for sandy soil |
| CN105547906A (en) * | 2016-01-08 | 2016-05-04 | 北京林业大学 | Full-automatic soil condensed water measuring device and using method thereof |
| CN108426612A (en) * | 2018-03-29 | 2018-08-21 | 大连理工大学 | A kind of multi-cartridge wetland evapotranspiration separating monitoring device |
| CN108777850A (en) * | 2018-03-29 | 2018-11-09 | 大连理工大学 | A kind of wetland evapotranspiration real-time monitoring system based on Internet of Things |
| CN108760970A (en) * | 2018-03-29 | 2018-11-06 | 大连理工大学 | A kind of multi-cartridge wetland evapotranspiration separating monitoring method |
| CN110231454A (en) * | 2019-06-11 | 2019-09-13 | 大连理工大学 | A kind of unsaturation underlying surface evapotranspiration amount separation measuring method and device |
| CN113567634A (en) * | 2021-08-13 | 2021-10-29 | 内蒙古农业大学 | Combined type wetland evapotranspiration real-time monitoring system |
-
2003
- 2003-08-18 CN CN 03134131 patent/CN1198128C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| CN1514227A (en) | 2004-07-21 |
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