CN107132146B - Four-channel lysimeter - Google Patents
Four-channel lysimeter Download PDFInfo
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- CN107132146B CN107132146B CN201710557119.2A CN201710557119A CN107132146B CN 107132146 B CN107132146 B CN 107132146B CN 201710557119 A CN201710557119 A CN 201710557119A CN 107132146 B CN107132146 B CN 107132146B
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- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 75
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 62
- 238000010025 steaming Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000007405 data analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005068 transpiration Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N5/00—Analysing materials by weighing, e.g. weighing small particles separated from a gas or liquid
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/24—Earth materials
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- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Electric Means (AREA)
- Testing Or Calibration Of Command Recording Devices (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a four-channel lysimeter, which is characterized in that: including four single channel lysimeters and the singlechip that has the display function, every single channel lysimeter includes the cylindricality container, support in the triangle-shaped support subassembly of cylindricality container bottom, locate the leakage device and the weighing sensor of cylindricality container bottom, triangle-shaped support subassembly comprises triangle-shaped lower carriage, be connected fixed triangle-shaped upper bracket with cylindricality container bottom, connect in triangle-shaped upper and lower carriage's spring post, the upper surface of triangle-shaped lower carriage is equipped with the liftable stand that is used for installing weighing sensor, weighing sensor is held between cylindricality container bottom and liftable stand top surface, the container wall of cylindricality container is equipped with a plurality of sensor mounting holes from top to bottom, leakage device's liquid outlet connection seepage weighing meter. The device is convenient to maintain, low in cost, high in accuracy of measured data, visual in observation, capable of observing four different measured results at the same time, and convenient for comprehensively analyzing the data.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a four-channel lysimeter which is suitable for being used in the fields of water conservancy, weather, hydrology, agriculture, animal husbandry and the like.
Background
The lysimeter is an important soil ecology monitoring instrument, and is used for researching soil ecology conditions such as water balance, material balance, water migration, solute migration, transpiration and the like by accurately monitoring and analyzing soil column weight and soil moisture of an in-situ soil-plant column system, is suitable for long-term monitoring of ecological systems such as farmlands, grasslands, forests, river wetlands, marshes, root vaults, building foundations and the like, and is widely applied to research fields such as agriculture, forestry, environmental protection, weather, hydrology, water conservancy and the like.
At present, the conventional lysimeter has the following problems: 1. the single-channel structure is adopted, the precision is low, the general precision is 500 g, the maintenance is difficult, the data processing is complex, the data processing is not visual, the data analysis and observation are not facilitated, no data comparison and reference are available in the use process, and the comparison data under the same time and the same environment cannot be measured, so that the popularization and use effects are affected; 2. due to structural limitation, the weighing sensor below the cylindrical container of the lysimeter is troublesome to disassemble and assemble, the maintenance difficulty is high, and the maintenance cost is high; 3. the steel drum of the lysimeter for containing undisturbed soil isolates farmland soil water system circulation, and crop growth water consumption and soil moisture evaporation enable the moisture of soil in the steel drum of the lysimeter to be continuously reduced and form difference with the moisture of soil outside the drum, so that data errors are larger.
Disclosure of Invention
The four-channel lysimeter is convenient to maintain, low in cost and high in accuracy of measured data, is simple in data processing, visual in observation, can observe four different measurement results, and is convenient for comprehensively analyzing data such as soil data, precipitation data, evapotranspiration data, soil chemical analysis sampling and crop yield.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
A four-channel lysimeter is characterized in that: including four single channel lysimeters and singlechip that has display function, every single channel lysimeter includes the cylindricality container, supports in the triangle-shaped support subassembly of cylindricality container bottom, locates leakage device and the weighing sensor of cylindricality container bottom, triangle-shaped support subassembly comprises triangle-shaped lower carriage, the triangle-shaped upper bracket of being connected fixedly with cylindricality container bottom, the spring post of connecting in triangle-shaped upper and lower carriage, the upper surface of triangle-shaped lower carriage is equipped with the liftable stand that is used for installing weighing sensor, weighing sensor is held between cylindricality container bottom and liftable stand top surface, the container wall of cylindricality container is equipped with a plurality of sensor mounting holes from top to bottom, leakage weighing meter is connected to leakage device's liquid outlet.
According to the four-channel lysimeter, one or more of the soil heat flux sensor, the soil water potential sensor, the soil humidity sensor, the soil temperature sensor and the soil salinity sensor are inserted into the cylindrical container through the sensor mounting hole, and the signal output end of the one or more of the soil heat flux sensor, the soil water potential sensor, the soil humidity sensor, the soil temperature sensor and the soil salinity sensor is connected with the signal input end of the singlechip.
The four-channel lysimeter is arranged in the area to be detected in a rectangular shape.
According to the four-channel lysimeter, the number of the weighing sensors of each single-channel lysimeter is three, and the weighing sensors are uniformly distributed at the bottom of the cylindrical container, so that the detection precision is improved.
The four-channel lysimeter comprises four weighing sensors, a four-channel 24-bit A/D converter, a single-chip microcomputer and leakage weighing devices, wherein the weighing sensors of the four single-channel lysimeters are connected with the signal input end of the single-chip microcomputer through the four-channel 24-bit A/D converter.
In the four-channel lysimeter, the signal output end of the singlechip is connected to the computer upper computer by Gprs through wireless connection or wired connection.
According to the four-channel lysimeter, the liftable upright post is composed of the hollow base fixed on the triangular lower support, the telescopic post inserted into the top of the hollow base and the locking piece.
The four-channel steaming and percolating instrument is additionally provided with an automatic non-contact groundwater replenishing system, and the automatic non-contact groundwater replenishing system comprises a water tank, a water inlet switch arranged on the water tank, a water outlet electromagnetic valve, a small rainfall counter connected with an outlet pipeline of the water outlet electromagnetic valve, a funnel arranged below the small rainfall counter, a leakage pipe arranged in a cylindrical container and communicated with the bottom of the funnel, a rainfall self-metering sensor arranged at a liquid outlet of the leakage device, an internal and external moisture comparison system of the steaming and percolating instrument based on FDR, and an automatic water replenishing control system connected with the internal and external moisture comparison system of the steaming and percolating instrument, the water outlet electromagnetic valve, the small rainfall counter and the rainfall self-metering sensor. The automatic water supplementing device has the advantages that automatic water supplementing is carried out on the middle part and the bottom of the lysimeter, so that the moisture in the lysimeter is consistent with the moisture in the external soil, the experimental data error is greatly reduced, the water supplementing layers can be layered, the leakage quantity during water supplementing is measured by the rainfall self-metering sensor.
In the four-channel lysimeter, the signal output end of the automatic water supplementing control system is connected to the computer upper computer through Gprs in a wireless connection or a wired connection mode.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. Adopt the spring post to support cylindricality container, liftable stand liftable adjustment simultaneously, triangle upper and lower support and spring post mutually support, and the spring post supports cylindricality container when maintaining weighing sensor, and liftable stand utilizes the lift function to descend weighing sensor, and weighing sensor has been dismantled that can be convenient to maintenance cost and maintenance degree of difficulty have been reduced when maintaining, have improved work efficiency.
2. The four single-channel lysimeters of the four-channel lysimeter can be used in combination or independently, when the four-channel lysimeters are used in combination, the accuracy of measured data is high, the accuracy of the large-scale lysimeter can reach 10 g, the accuracy of the medium-small-size lysimeter can reach 2 g, and the four different measured results are observed, so that the comprehensive analysis of the data such as soil data, precipitation data, evapotranspiration data, soil chemical analysis sampling, crop yield and the like can be conveniently carried out.
3. The singlechip not only can collect signals of the weighing sensor and the leakage device, but also can collect signals of required detection items, such as soil heat flux, soil water potential, soil humidity, soil temperature and soil salinity, and can display the detection items and data, so that observation and data analysis are facilitated.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a single channel lysimeter according to the present invention (corresponding to example 1);
FIG. 2 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the cylindrical container of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the triangular lower bracket of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of four single channel lysimeters of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic block diagram of the present invention (corresponding to example 1);
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of the automatic contactless water replenishing system for groundwater according to the invention (corresponding to example 2);
fig. 7 is a schematic block diagram of the present invention (corresponding to embodiment 2).
In the figure: 1. the device comprises a cylindrical container, a sensor mounting hole, a triangular upper bracket, a spring column, a triangular lower bracket, a leakage device, a lifting upright post, a weighing sensor, a basement, an automatic water supplementing control system, a water inlet switch, a water tank, a water outlet solenoid valve, a small rainfall counter, a funnel, a leakage pipe, a rain self-metering sensor and a water storage device, wherein the water storage device comprises the cylindrical container, the sensor mounting hole, the triangular upper bracket, the spring column, the triangular lower bracket, the leakage device, the lifting upright post, the weighing sensor, the basement, the automatic water supplementing control system, the water inlet switch, the water tank, the water outlet solenoid valve, the small rainfall counter, the funnel, the leakage pipe, the rain self-metering sensor and the FDR-based lysimeter.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1-5, the four-channel lysimeter comprises four single-channel lysimeters and a single-chip microcomputer with a display function. Each single-channel lysimeter comprises a cylindrical container 1, a triangular support assembly supported at the bottom of the cylindrical container 1, a leakage device 6 arranged at the bottom of the cylindrical container 1 and a weighing sensor 8. The triangular support assembly consists of a triangular lower support 5, a triangular upper support 3 fixedly connected with the bottom of the cylindrical container 1 and a spring column 4 connected with the triangular upper and lower supports 3 and 5. The upper surface of triangle-shaped sub mount 5 is equipped with the liftable stand 7 that is used for installing weighing sensor 8, weighing sensor 8 is held between cylindricality container 1 bottom and liftable stand 7 top surface, and weighing sensor 8 of four single channel lysimeter link to each other with the signal input part of singlechip through four 24 bit A/D converters. The container wall of the cylindrical container 1 is provided with a plurality of sensor mounting holes 2 from top to bottom, one or more of a soil heat flux sensor, a soil water potential sensor, a soil humidity sensor, a soil temperature sensor and a soil salinity sensor are inserted into the cylindrical container 1 through the sensor mounting holes 2, and the signal output end of one or more of the soil heat flux sensor, the soil water potential sensor, the soil humidity sensor, the soil temperature sensor and the soil salinity sensor is connected with the signal input end of the singlechip. The liquid outlet of the leakage device 6 is connected with a leakage weighing instrument, and the signal output ends of the leakage weighing instruments of the four single-channel lysimeters are connected with the signal input end of the singlechip. The signal output end of the singlechip is connected to the computer upper computer through Gprs in a wireless or wired mode.
In this embodiment, four single-channel lysimeters are arranged in a rectangular shape in the region to be detected. The number of the weighing sensors 8 of each single-channel lysimeter is three, and the weighing sensors are uniformly distributed at the bottom of the cylindrical container 1 so as to improve the detection precision. The liftable stand column 7 consists of a hollow base fixed on the triangular lower support 5, a telescopic column inserted into the top of the hollow base and a locking piece.
When the single-channel steaming and infiltrating instrument is used, four single-channel steaming and infiltrating instruments (1#, 2#, 3#, 4#) are installed in a square basement 9, the mouth of a cylindrical container 1 is level with the ground, soil samples are placed in the cylindrical container 1, sensors (a soil heat flux sensor, a soil water potential sensor, a soil humidity sensor, a soil temperature sensor and a soil salinity sensor) required by detection projects are inserted into a sensor installation hole 2 and are connected with a singlechip, and measurement results are displayed on a liquid crystal display screen of the singlechip; the singlechip is arranged in a protective box on the ground, and weighing sensors 8 of the four single-channel lysimeters weigh in real time, are connected with the singlechip through four-channel 24-bit A/D converters, and transmit data to the singlechip and display the data through a liquid crystal display screen; the leakage weighing instrument directly weighs the leakage quantity and uploads the result to the single-chip machine; the singlechip transmits the data to the computer host computer and performs calculation and analysis on the data. The soil heat flux sensor, the soil water potential sensor, the soil humidity sensor, the soil temperature sensor and the soil salinity sensor can be arranged at the positions which are 0.4 meter, 0.6 meter and 0.8 meter away from the top of the cylindrical container 1, and can also be arranged at different depths according to the requirements of customers.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 6 and 7, the four-channel infiltration still further comprises an automatic non-contact groundwater replenishing system, wherein the automatic non-contact groundwater replenishing system comprises a water tank 12, a water inlet switch 11, a water outlet electromagnetic valve 13, a small rainfall counter 14 connected with an outlet pipeline of the water outlet electromagnetic valve 13, a funnel 15 arranged below the small rainfall counter 14, a leakage pipe 16 arranged in the cylindrical container 1 and communicated with the bottom of the funnel 15, a rainfall self-metering sensor 17 arranged at a liquid outlet of the leakage device 6, an internal and external water comparing system 18 of the infiltration still based on FDR, and an automatic water replenishing control system 10 connected with the internal and external water comparing system 18 of the infiltration still, the water outlet electromagnetic valve 13, the small rainfall counter 14 and the rainfall self-metering sensor 17. The automatic water supplementing device has the advantages that the middle part and the bottom of the lysimeter are automatically supplemented with water, so that the water in the lysimeter is consistent with the water in the soil outside the lysimeter, and experimental data errors are greatly reduced. The signal output end of the automatic water replenishing control system 10 is connected to the upper computer through Gprs in a wireless connection or a wired connection mode, so that the upper computer is comprehensively monitored.
When the inside and outside moisture comparison system 18 of the FDR-based lysimeter detects that the soil moisture at the same depth in the cylindrical container 1, at the bottom and outside of the lysimeter is different, the singlechip of the automatic water supplementing control system 10 is used for calculation and analysis, the water outlet electromagnetic valve 13 is automatically opened, so that water flows into the small rainfall counter 14, flows into the funnel 15 through the small rainfall counter 14 and then flows into the cylindrical container 1 of the lysimeter through the leakage pipe 16, the inflow water recorded by the small rainfall counter 14 is fed back to the singlechip of the automatic water supplementing control system 10, the singlechip performs calculation and comparison, and when the water quantity reaches the required quantity, the singlechip sends out a stop instruction, the water outlet electromagnetic valve 13 is closed, and water supplementing is finished. Each steaming and infiltrating instrument can be used for making 2-4 layers of automatic water supplementing systems according to the size of the steaming and infiltrating instrument. The leakage amount at the time of water replenishment is measured by the rainfall self-metering sensor 17. Otherwise, the same as in example 1 was conducted.
Claims (7)
1. A four-channel lysimeter is characterized in that: the single-channel steaming and percolating instrument comprises four single-channel steaming and percolating instruments and a singlechip with a display function, wherein each single-channel steaming and percolating instrument comprises a cylindrical container, a triangular support assembly supported at the bottom of the cylindrical container, a leakage device arranged at the bottom of the cylindrical container and a weighing sensor, wherein the triangular support assembly consists of a triangular lower support, a triangular upper support fixedly connected with the bottom of the cylindrical container and a spring column connected with the triangular upper support and the lower support, the upper surface of the triangular lower support is provided with a lifting upright post for installing the weighing sensor, the weighing sensor is clamped between the bottom of the cylindrical container and the top surface of the lifting upright post, the container wall of the cylindrical container is provided with a plurality of sensor installation holes from top to bottom, and a liquid outlet of the leakage device is connected with the leakage weighing instrument; one or more of a soil heat flux sensor, a soil water potential sensor, a soil humidity sensor, a soil temperature sensor and a soil salinity sensor are inserted into the cylindrical container through a sensor mounting hole, and the signal output end of the one or more of the soil heat flux sensor, the soil water potential sensor, the soil humidity sensor, the soil temperature sensor and the soil salinity sensor is connected with the signal input end of the singlechip; an automatic non-contact groundwater replenishing system is additionally arranged and comprises a water tank, a water inlet switch, a water outlet electromagnetic valve, a small rainfall counter, a funnel, a leakage pipe, a rainfall self-metering sensor, an internal and external water comparison system, an automatic water replenishing control system, a water outlet electromagnetic valve, a small rainfall counter and a rain self-metering sensor, wherein the water inlet switch is arranged on the water tank, the small rainfall counter is connected with an outlet pipeline of the water outlet electromagnetic valve, the funnel is arranged below the small rainfall counter, the leakage pipe is arranged in a cylindrical container and is communicated with the bottom of the funnel, the rain self-metering sensor is arranged at a liquid outlet of the leakage device, the internal and external water comparison system is arranged on the basis of FDR, and the automatic water replenishing control system is connected with the internal and external water comparison system, the water outlet electromagnetic valve and the small rainfall counter.
2. The four-channel lysimeter of claim 1, wherein: four single-channel lysimeters are arranged in a rectangular shape in the area to be detected.
3. The four-channel lysimeter of claim 1, wherein: the number of the weighing sensors of each single-channel lysimeter is three, and the weighing sensors are uniformly distributed at the bottom of the cylindrical container.
4. The four-channel lysimeter of claim 1, wherein: the weighing sensors of the four single-channel lysimeters are connected with the signal input end of the singlechip through four-channel 24-bit A/D converters, and the signal output ends of the leakage weighing meters of the four single-channel lysimeters are connected with the signal input end of the singlechip.
5. The four-channel lysimeter of claim 1, wherein: the signal output end of the singlechip is connected to the computer upper computer through Gprs in a wireless or wired mode.
6. The four-channel lysimeter of claim 1, wherein: the liftable stand comprises a hollow base fixed on the triangular lower support, a telescopic column inserted into the top of the hollow base and a locking piece.
7. The four-channel lysimeter of claim 1, wherein: the signal output end of the automatic water replenishing control system is connected to the computer upper computer through Gprs in a wireless or wired mode.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201710557119.2A CN107132146B (en) | 2017-07-10 | 2017-07-10 | Four-channel lysimeter |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201710557119.2A CN107132146B (en) | 2017-07-10 | 2017-07-10 | Four-channel lysimeter |
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| CN107132146B true CN107132146B (en) | 2024-05-28 |
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| CN107750918B (en) * | 2017-11-15 | 2020-10-09 | 遵义湘江园林工程有限责任公司 | Gardens irrigation equipment |
| CN109406761A (en) * | 2018-12-25 | 2019-03-01 | 西安清远测控技术有限公司 | It is straight to claim formula soil lysimeter system |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5567889A (en) * | 1992-04-24 | 1996-10-22 | Oceanit Laboratories, Inc. | Lysimeter for collecting chemical samples from the vadose zone |
| CN201302540Y (en) * | 2008-11-27 | 2009-09-02 | 贵州省烟草科学研究所 | Tobacco field soil micro-lysimeter |
| CN203551425U (en) * | 2013-07-19 | 2014-04-16 | 山东农业大学 | Simple and easy root division water discharging type pervaporation device |
| CN205262894U (en) * | 2015-12-30 | 2016-05-25 | 甘肃省农业科学院林果花卉研究所 | Appearance is oozed to small -size evaporating |
| CN206146778U (en) * | 2016-11-01 | 2017-05-03 | 北京易科泰生态技术有限公司 | SoilTron pheno plant phenotype is surveyd evaporating and is oozed appearance |
| CN207036594U (en) * | 2017-07-10 | 2018-02-23 | 锦州天畅自动化设备有限公司 | Four-way lysimeter |
-
2017
- 2017-07-10 CN CN201710557119.2A patent/CN107132146B/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5567889A (en) * | 1992-04-24 | 1996-10-22 | Oceanit Laboratories, Inc. | Lysimeter for collecting chemical samples from the vadose zone |
| CN201302540Y (en) * | 2008-11-27 | 2009-09-02 | 贵州省烟草科学研究所 | Tobacco field soil micro-lysimeter |
| CN203551425U (en) * | 2013-07-19 | 2014-04-16 | 山东农业大学 | Simple and easy root division water discharging type pervaporation device |
| CN205262894U (en) * | 2015-12-30 | 2016-05-25 | 甘肃省农业科学院林果花卉研究所 | Appearance is oozed to small -size evaporating |
| CN206146778U (en) * | 2016-11-01 | 2017-05-03 | 北京易科泰生态技术有限公司 | SoilTron pheno plant phenotype is surveyd evaporating and is oozed appearance |
| CN207036594U (en) * | 2017-07-10 | 2018-02-23 | 锦州天畅自动化设备有限公司 | Four-way lysimeter |
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