CN107132146A - Four-way lysimeter - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a four-channel lysimeter, which is characterized in that it includes four single-channel lysimeters and a single-chip microcomputer with a display function, and each single-channel lysimeter includes a cylindrical container and a triangular support supported on the bottom of the cylindrical container Components, leaking devices and load cells located at the bottom of the cylindrical container, the triangular support assembly consists of a triangular lower bracket, a triangular upper bracket connected and fixed to the bottom of the cylindrical container, and a spring column connected to the triangular upper and lower brackets, The upper surface of the triangular lower bracket is provided with a liftable column for installing the load cell. The load cell is clamped between the bottom of the cylindrical container and the top surface of the liftable column. The container wall of the cylindrical container is arranged from top to bottom. A plurality of sensor installation holes, the liquid outlet of the leakage device is connected to the leakage weighing instrument. It is easy to maintain, low in cost, high in accuracy of measurement data, intuitive in observation, can observe four different measurement results at the same time, and is convenient for comprehensive analysis of data.

Description

Four-channel lysimeter

technical field

The invention relates to a four-channel lysimeter, which is suitable for the lysimeter used in the fields of water conservancy, meteorology, hydrology, agriculture, animal husbandry and the like.

Background technique

The lysimeter is an important soil ecological monitoring instrument, through the accurate monitoring and analysis of the soil column weight and soil moisture in the in situ soil-plant column system, to study the soil carbon and nitrogen water cycle, including water balance, material balance, Soil ecological conditions such as water migration, solute migration, transpiration and transpiration are suitable for long-term monitoring of ecosystems such as farmland, grassland, forest, river wetland, swamp, root cellar, building foundation, etc., and are widely used in agriculture, forestry, environmental protection, meteorology, Hydrology, water conservancy and other research fields.

At present, the commonly used lysimeters have the following problems: 1. Single-channel structure, low precision, generally 500 grams, difficult maintenance, complex data processing, not intuitive, not conducive to data analysis and observation, no data during use For comparison and reference, it is impossible to measure the comparison data at the same time and under the same environment, which affects its promotion and use effect; 2. Due to structural limitations, it is troublesome to disassemble and assemble the load cell under the columnar container of the lysimeter, and the maintenance is difficult , high maintenance cost; 3. The steel drum containing the undisturbed soil of the lysimeter isolates the soil water circulation in the farmland, and the water consumption of crop growth and the evaporation of soil water make the soil moisture in the steel drum of the lysimeter continuously reduce, which is different from the outside of the drum. The moisture of the soil forms a difference, which leads to a large error in the data.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a four-channel lysimeter with convenient maintenance, low cost and high accuracy of measurement data, which overcomes the above-mentioned problems existing in the prior art. The data processing is simple, the observation is intuitive, and four different measurements can be observed simultaneously. The results are convenient for comprehensive analysis of soil data, precipitation data, evapotranspiration data, soil chemical analysis sampling and crop yield data.

Technical scheme of the present invention is:

A four-channel lysimeter is characterized in that it includes four single-channel lysimeters and a single-chip computer with a display function, and each single-channel lysimeter includes a cylindrical container and a triangular support assembly supported on the bottom of the cylindrical container . A leakage device and a load cell located at the bottom of the cylindrical container, the triangular support assembly is composed of a triangular lower bracket, a triangular upper bracket connected and fixed to the bottom of the cylindrical container, and a spring column connected to the triangular upper and lower brackets , the upper surface of the triangular lower bracket is provided with a liftable column for installing a load cell, and the load cell is clamped between the bottom of the columnar container and the top surface of the liftable column, and the container of the columnar container The wall is provided with a plurality of sensor installation holes from top to bottom, and the liquid outlet of the leakage device is connected with a leakage weighing instrument.

In the above-mentioned four-channel lysimeter, one or more of the soil heat flux sensor, soil water potential sensor, soil moisture sensor, soil temperature sensor, and soil salinity sensor are inserted into the cylindrical container through the sensor installation hole, and the The signal output terminals of one or more of the soil heat flux sensor, soil water potential sensor, soil moisture sensor, soil temperature sensor and soil salinity sensor are connected with the signal input terminal of the single-chip microcomputer.

For the above-mentioned four-channel lysimeter, four single-channel lysimeters are arranged in a rectangular shape in the area to be tested.

For the above-mentioned four-channel lysimeter, the number of weighing sensors for each single-channel lysimeter is three, which are evenly arranged at the bottom of the cylindrical container to improve detection accuracy.

For the above-mentioned four-channel lysimeter, the weighing sensors of the four single-channel lysimeters are connected to the signal input terminals of the single-chip microcomputer through four-channel 24-bit A/D converters, and the leakage weighing instruments of the four single-channel lysimeters The signal output end of the single chip microcomputer is connected with the signal input end.

In the above-mentioned four-channel lysimeter, the signal output end of the single-chip microcomputer is connected to the computer host computer through Gprs wireless connection or wired connection.

In the above-mentioned four-channel lysimeter, the liftable column is composed of a hollow base fixed on the triangular lower support, a telescopic column inserted into the top of the hollow base, and a locking member.

The above-mentioned four-channel lysimeter is additionally equipped with an automatic non-contact water replenishment system for groundwater. The automatic non-contact replenishment water system for groundwater includes a water tank, a water inlet switch arranged on the water tank, a water outlet solenoid valve, and an outlet pipeline connected to the water outlet solenoid valve. A small rain gauge, a funnel placed under the small rain gauge, a seepage tube connected to the bottom of the funnel in a cylindrical container, a rain gauge sensor set at the liquid outlet of the seepage device, and a lysimeter based on FDR The internal and external moisture comparison system of the lysimeter, the automatic water replenishment control system connected with the internal and external moisture comparison system of the lysimeter, the water outlet solenoid valve, the small rainfall counter and the rainfall self-metering sensor. Realize automatic replenishment of water in the middle and bottom of the lysimeter, so that the moisture inside the lysimeter is consistent with the moisture of the external soil, greatly reducing the error of experimental data, and can replenish water layer by layer. gauge sensor for leakage measurement.

In the above-mentioned four-channel lysimeter, the signal output end of the automatic water supply control system is connected to the computer host computer through Gprs wireless connection or wired connection.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

1. The spring column is used to support the cylindrical container. At the same time, the lifting column can be adjusted up and down. The upper and lower brackets of the triangle and the spring column cooperate with each other. When the load cell is repaired, the spring column supports the columnar container. The lifting column uses the lifting function to weigh When the sensor is lowered, the load cell can be easily disassembled, thereby reducing the maintenance cost and difficulty during maintenance, and improving work efficiency.

2. The four single-channel lysimeters of the four-channel lysimeter can be used in combination or alone. When used in combination, the measurement data accuracy is high. The accuracy of large-scale lysimeters can reach 10 grams, and the accuracy of small and medium-sized lysimeters The accuracy can reach 2 grams. By observing the results of four different measurements, it is convenient for comprehensive analysis of data such as soil data, precipitation data, evapotranspiration data, soil chemical analysis sampling and crop yield.

3. The single-chip microcomputer can not only collect the signals of the load cell and the leakage device, but also collect the signals of the required detection items, such as soil heat flux, soil water potential, soil moisture, soil temperature, and soil salinity, and the detection items can be And the data are displayed for easy observation and data analysis.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of single channel lysimeter of the present invention (corresponding embodiment 1);

Fig. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of the cylindrical container in Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the triangular lower bracket in Fig. 1;

Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of arrangement of four single channel lysimeters of the present invention;

Fig. 5 is a functional block diagram of the present invention (corresponding to embodiment 1);

Fig. 6 is the structural representation (corresponding to embodiment 2) of the present invention that is provided with groundwater automatic non-contact replenishment system;

Fig. 7 is a functional block diagram of the present invention (corresponding to Embodiment 2).

In the figure: 1. Cylindrical container, 2. Sensor installation hole, 3. Triangular upper bracket, 4. Spring column, 5. Triangular lower bracket, 6. Leakage device, 7. Liftable column, 8. Load cell, 9. Basement, 10. Automatic water supply control system, 11. Water inlet switch, 12. Water tank, 13. Water outlet solenoid valve, 14. Small rainfall counter, 15. Funnel, 16. Leakage pipe, 17. Rainfall self-metering sensor, 18. FDR-based moisture comparison system inside and outside the lysimeter.

detailed description

As shown in Figures 1 to 5, the four-channel lysimeter includes four single-channel lysimeters and a single-chip microcomputer with a display function. Each single-channel lysimeter includes a cylindrical container 1 , a triangular support assembly supported on the bottom of the cylindrical container 1 , a leakage device 6 and a load cell 8 arranged at the bottom of the cylindrical container 1 . The triangular support assembly is composed of a triangular lower bracket 5, a triangular upper bracket 3 connected and fixed to the bottom of the cylindrical container 1, and a spring column 4 connected to the triangular upper and lower brackets 3, 5. The upper surface of the triangular lower bracket 5 is provided with a liftable column 7 for installing a load cell 8, and the load cell 8 is clamped between the bottom of the cylindrical container 1 and the top surface of the liftable column 7, four The load cell 8 of the single-channel lysimeter is connected with the signal input terminal of the single-chip microcomputer through a four-channel 24-bit A/D converter. The container wall of described cylindrical container 1 is provided with a plurality of sensor mounting holes 2 from top to bottom, and soil heat flux sensor, soil water potential sensor, soil moisture sensor, soil One or more of the temperature sensor, soil salinity sensor, one or more signal output terminals of the soil heat flux sensor, soil water potential sensor, soil moisture sensor, soil temperature sensor, soil salinity sensor and the single chip microcomputer connected to the signal input. The liquid outlet of the leakage device 6 is connected to the leakage weighing instrument, and the signal output terminals of the leakage weighing instruments of the four single-channel lysimeters are connected to the signal input terminals of the single-chip microcomputer. The signal output end of the single-chip microcomputer is connected to the computer host computer through Gprs wireless connection or wired connection.

In this embodiment, four single-channel lysimeters are arranged in a rectangular shape in the area to be detected. The number of weighing sensors 8 of each single-channel lysimeter is three, which are evenly arranged at the bottom of the cylindrical container 1 to improve detection accuracy. The liftable column 7 is composed of a hollow base fixed on the triangular lower bracket 5, a telescopic column inserted into the top of the hollow base, and a locking member.

When in use, four single-channel lysimeters (1#, 2#, 3#, 4#) are installed in a square basement 9, the mouth of the cylindrical container 1 is flush with the ground, and the soil sample is placed in the cylindrical container. In device 1, insert the sensors (soil heat flux sensor, soil water potential sensor, soil moisture sensor, soil temperature sensor, soil salinity sensor) required for the detection project into the sensor installation hole 2, and connect with the single-chip microcomputer, and the measurement results are in Display on the liquid crystal display screen of the single-chip microcomputer; The single-chip microcomputer is arranged in the protective box on the ground, and the weighing sensor 8 of four single-channel lysimeters weighs in real time, and is connected with the single-chip microcomputer through four-channel 24-bit A/D converters, and The data is transmitted to the single-chip microcomputer and displayed on the LCD screen; the leakage weighing instrument directly weighs the leakage amount, and uploads the result to the single-chip microcomputer; the single-chip microcomputer transmits the data to the upper computer of the computer, and performs calculation and analysis on the data. Soil heat flux sensors, soil water potential sensors, soil moisture sensors, soil temperature sensors, and soil salinity sensors can be installed at 0.4 meters, 0.6 meters, and 0.8 meters from the top of the cylindrical container 1, and can also be installed at different depths according to customer requirements.

Example 2

As shown in Fig. 6 and Fig. 7, the four-channel lysimeter is additionally provided with an automatic non-contact replenishment water system for groundwater, and the automatic non-contact replenishment water system for groundwater includes a water tank 12, a water inlet switch 11 arranged on the water tank 12, a water outlet Solenoid valve 13, the small-sized rainfall counter 14 that is connected with the outlet pipeline of water solenoid valve 13, be located at the funnel 15 below the small-sized rain gauge 14, be located at the leakage pipe 16 that communicates with the funnel 15 bottoms in the cylindrical container 1, set The rain gauge sensor 17 at the liquid outlet of the leakage device 6, the FDR-based internal and external moisture comparison system 18 of the lysimeter, the internal and external moisture comparison system 18 with the lysimeter, the water outlet solenoid valve 13, the small rainfall counter 14, the rainfall The automatic water replenishment control system 10 connected with the self-metering sensor 17. Realize automatic replenishment of water in the middle and bottom of the lysimeter, so that the moisture inside the lysimeter is consistent with the moisture of the external soil, greatly reducing the error of experimental data. The signal output end of the automatic water replenishment control system 10 is connected to the computer host computer through Gprs wireless connection or wired connection, so as to realize the overall monitoring of the host computer.

When the FDR-based lysimeter internal and external moisture comparison system 18 measures the soil moisture at the same depth in the cylindrical container 1 of the lysimeter, the bottom, and the outside of the soil moisture at the same depth, after calculation and analysis by the single-chip microcomputer of the automatic water replenishment control system 10, Automatically open the water outlet solenoid valve 13 to make water flow into the small rain gauge 14, then flow into the funnel 15 through the small rain gauge 14, and then flow into the cylindrical container 1 of the lysimeter through the seepage pipe 16. The inflow water volume recorded by the small rain gauge 14 is Feedback to the single-chip microcomputer of the automatic water replenishment control system 10, the single-chip microcomputer performs calculation comparison, and when the water quantity reaches the required amount, the single-chip microcomputer sends a stop command, closes the water outlet solenoid valve 13, and the water replenishment ends. According to the size of the lysimeter, each lysimeter can be divided into 2-4 layers of automatic water replenishment system. The amount of leakage when replenishing water is measured by the rain gauge sensor 17. Others are the same as embodiment 1.

Claims (9)

1. a kind of four-way lysimeter, it is characterised in that：Single-chip microcomputer including four single channel lysimeters and with display function, Each single channel lysimeter includes cylindrical container, is supported in the triangular pedestals component of cylindrical container bottom, located at cylindrical container The leak device and weighing sensor of bottom, the triangular pedestals component connect by triangle lower carriage, with cylindrical container bottom Connect fixed triangle upper bracket, be connected to the spring stack composition of the upper and lower support of triangle, the upper table of the triangle lower carriage Face is provided with the liftable column for being used for installing weighing sensor, and the weighing sensor is held in cylindrical container bottom and can risen Drop between column top surface, the chamber wall of the cylindrical container is from top to bottom provided with multiple sensor mounting hole, the leak device Liquid outlet connection seepage weighing instrument.

2. four-way lysimeter according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Installed in the cylindrical container by sensor Hole insertion soil heat flux sensor, soil water potential sensor, soil humidity sensor, soil temperature sensor, soil salt One or more in sensor, the soil heat flux sensor, soil water potential sensor, soil humidity sensor, soil One or more signal output parts in temperature sensor, soil salinity sensor are connected with the signal input part of single-chip microcomputer.

3. four-way lysimeter according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Four single channel lysimeters are rectangular to be arranged in Region to be detected.

4. four-way lysimeter according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The weighing sensor of each single channel lysimeter Quantity be three, cylindrical container bottom even arrangement.

5. four-way lysimeter according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The weighing sensor of four single channel lysimeters It is connected by 24 A/D converters of four-way with the signal input part of single-chip microcomputer, the seepage weighing instrument of four single channel lysimeters Signal output part be connected with the signal input part of single-chip microcomputer.

6. four-way lysimeter according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The signal output part of the single-chip microcomputer passes through Gprs wireless connections are wiredly connected to computer host computer.

7. four-way lysimeter according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The liftable column is by being fixed on triangle The telescopic mast and locking member composition at the top of hollow base, insertion hollow base on lower carriage.

8. four-way lysimeter according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is another to set the automatic contactless moisturizing system of underground water System, the automatic contactless water charging system of the underground water include water tank, the water inlet switch on water tank, water solenoid valve, with going out Water solenoid valve export pipeline connection small-sized rainfall counter, the funnel below small-sized rainfall counter, located at cylindricality hold The leaky pipe connected with funnel bottom in device, the rainfall at the liquid outlet of leak device are from flowmeter sensor, based on FDR's Free surface moisture comparison system in lysimeter, with free surface moisture comparison system, water solenoid valve, small-sized rainfall counter and rain in lysimeter Measure the automatic water supplementation control system being connected from flowmeter sensor.

9. four-way lysimeter according to claim 8, it is characterised in that：The signal of the automatic water supplementation control system is defeated Go out end by Gprs wireless connections or be wiredly connected to computer host computer.