CN110927002A - Substrate cultivation monitoring device, system and method - Google Patents
Substrate cultivation monitoring device, system and method Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N5/00—Analysing materials by weighing, e.g. weighing small particles separated from a gas or liquid
- G01N5/04—Analysing materials by weighing, e.g. weighing small particles separated from a gas or liquid by removing a component, e.g. by evaporation, and weighing the remainder
- G01N5/045—Analysing materials by weighing, e.g. weighing small particles separated from a gas or liquid by removing a component, e.g. by evaporation, and weighing the remainder for determining moisture content
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of substrate cultivation water and fertilizer management, and discloses a substrate cultivation monitoring device, a system and a method, wherein the substrate cultivation monitoring device comprises a top weighing mechanism and a bottom weighing mechanism, the top weighing mechanism comprises a tension sensor, and the detection end of the tension sensor is used for hanging and connecting plants; the bottom weighing mechanism comprises a pressure sensor and a return liquid collecting tank pressed on the pressure sensor, and the return liquid collecting tank is used for accommodating the matrix cultivation tank so as to collect return liquid leaked from the matrix cultivation tank; the liquid return collecting tank is provided with a liquid outlet. This matrix cultivation monitoring devices simple structure, convenient to use realize matrix water content and crop physiological growth parameter's accurate measurement through the mode of weighing, understand the hydrone motion in the plant body all-roundly, research plant is at the water consumption law of whole growth stage, can satisfy different facility application scene demands such as soilless culture groove and multi-pot are cultivated in a pot, provide the decision-making foundation for facility liquid manure management.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of substrate cultivation water and fertilizer management, in particular to a substrate cultivation monitoring device, system and method.
Background
In the soil-plant-atmosphere (SPAC) dynamic system, water circulation is an important physiological activity of plants, the effect of which on plants extends throughout the growth phase. Evapotranspiration is an important component in the hydrologic cycle of plants and is closely related to the formation of various physiological activities and biological yields of plants. At present, the evapotranspiration of plants is mainly measured by an evapotranspiration instrument in China, and the evapotranspiration of water is directly reflected by the change of the overall quality of the plants and soil in unit time according to the water balance principle. In recent years, a transpiration measuring device for a small potted plant has been extensively studied. For example, chinese utility model patent (publication No. CN208334327U) discloses an on-line plant transpiration monitor, which obtains relevant data by detecting water vapor generated by plant leaf transpiration and substitutes the data into a model formula to calculate the transpiration amount of a plant.
However, in the actual production process, the defects of continuous sitting obstacle, secondary salinization of soil, difficult regulation and control of nutrition and the like exist in the soil culture of crops, and in recent years, soilless culture technologies such as nutrient solution culture, matrix culture and the like are rapidly developed. For such cultivation methods, the current research mainly focuses on a detection device for the water content of the substrate, for example, chinese patent publication No. CN103424147A discloses a multi-parameter detector for soilless culture substrate, which completes the on-line detection of the water content and the conductivity of the substrate through a flat composite electrode and a corresponding signal conditioning circuit, and compensates the measurement index, thereby improving the measurement accuracy. The Chinese invention patent (publication No. CN103207217A) discloses a non-plug-in type culture medium water content sensor, which obtains the water content of the surface layer of a medium through a single-side sensitive capacitance probe and a measuring circuit, and establishes a two-point calibration model method of an output voltage signal and the water content of the medium. The utility model discloses a chinese utility model patent (publication number CN205003135U) discloses a soilless culture matrix water content, conductivity detector, and it detects matrix moisture and conductivity in turn through control switch, has eliminated moisture detection sensor and conductivity sensor and has placed the interference problem that exists in liquid simultaneously, has improved the accuracy of testing result. The Chinese invention patent (publication No. CN102435645A) discloses a method for detecting the water content and the electric conductivity of a soilless culture substrate and a sensor thereof, wherein the method obtains the complex dielectric constant of the substrate through a capacitive probe, and further decomposes and calculates to obtain the values of the water content and the electric conductivity of the substrate.
The research results show that the types of the plant evapotranspiration measuring devices in the soil culture mode are continuously abundant, and mainly adopt an evapotranspiration instrument method. The research on the water consumption rule of plants in a substrate cultivation mode is mainly realized by monitoring the substrate environment through a water content sensor, a conductivity sensor and a temperature sensor. At present, no evapotranspiration measuring device under a matrix cultivation mode exists, and the water consumption rule of plants under the cultivation mode is difficult to research. And the research on the water consumption rule of the plants in the matrix cultivation mode is beneficial to better regulating and controlling the water and fertilizer conditions in the growth process of the plants and improving the yield and quality of facility crops. In the process of substrate cultivation, due to the difficulty in obtaining crop information on line, the problems that a reasonable irrigation point of water and nutrients cannot be determined, the water and nutrient absorption amount of crops is uncertain and the like exist, and the growth condition of plants is difficult to master in real time.
The substrate is used as a donor of water and nutrients of plants, and the water content of the substrate directly influences the environment for plant growth and the quality and yield of crops. The existing device for measuring the water content of the matrix mostly directly adopts a soil water sensor, and the matrix cultivation particles are loose due to the comparison with soil, the detection void ratio is large, the density and water content change is also large, and the device has great difference with the soil and has great error in the actual measurement. The existing special equipment for measuring the water content of the matrix is few, the calibration flow of the sensor is complex, the applicability of the equipment to the detection of different matrix types is poor, and the detection stability and accuracy need to be improved. Meanwhile, the water content measurement is influenced by the development of crop roots in the cultivation process, so that the traditional measurement mode is not suitable for matrix measurement.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a substrate cultivation monitoring device, a system and a method, which are used for solving the problem of low measurement precision of substrate moisture content in the existing substrate cultivation and providing decision basis for facility water and fertilizer management.
The embodiment of the invention provides a substrate cultivation monitoring device, which comprises a top weighing mechanism and a bottom weighing mechanism, wherein the top weighing mechanism comprises a tension sensor, and the detection end of the tension sensor is used for hanging and connecting plants; the bottom weighing mechanism comprises a pressure sensor and a return liquid collecting tank which is pressed on the pressure sensor, and the return liquid collecting tank is used for accommodating the substrate cultivation tank so as to collect return liquid leaked from the substrate cultivation tank; and the liquid return collecting tank is provided with a liquid outlet.
The bottom weighing mechanism further comprises a supporting seat, the top of the supporting seat is abutted against the liquid return collecting tank, and the bottom of the supporting seat is connected to the pressure sensor; the supporting seat comprises at least two longitudinal supports arranged along the width direction of the liquid return collecting tank and at least two transverse supports arranged along the length direction of the liquid return collecting tank; the transverse support is provided with a width positioning hole so as to adjust the distance between the two longitudinal supports at the two ends.
The longitudinal support comprises an outer pipe and an inner pipe, and the inner pipe is telescopically inserted into the outer pipe; the outer pipe is provided with a length positioning hole so as to adjust the extending length of the inner pipe.
The pressure sensor comprises a pressure sensor, a leveling base and a plurality of foot cups, wherein the leveling base comprises a leveling base plate and a plurality of foot cups, the top surface of the leveling base plate is abutted to the bottom of the pressure sensor, and the foot cups are installed on the bottom surface of the leveling base plate.
Wherein the liquid outlet is connected with a liquid return flowmeter.
The substrate cultivation tank is characterized by further comprising a liquid return parameter sensor arranged in the liquid return collecting tank, a substrate parameter sensor used for being placed in the substrate cultivation tank and a data acquisition mechanism, wherein the tension sensor, the pressure sensor, the liquid return parameter sensor and the substrate parameter sensor are all electrically connected with the data acquisition mechanism.
The remote server comprises a data acquisition mechanism, a remote server and a wireless transmission assembly, wherein the data acquisition mechanism is electrically connected with the wireless transmission assembly, and the wireless transmission assembly is used for transmitting parameter signals acquired by the data acquisition mechanism to the remote server.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a substrate cultivation monitoring system, which comprises at least one substrate cultivation monitoring device and a gateway, wherein the wireless transmission component of each substrate cultivation monitoring device is in communication connection with the gateway.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a monitoring method using the substrate cultivation monitoring device, which comprises the following steps:
calculating the fresh weight of the lower part of the plant based on the weight of the substrate when the substrate is saturated by primary irrigation and the weight of the substrate when the substrate reaches a stable saturation state after each irrigation;
calculating the water content of the substrate based on the lower fresh weight and the real-time weight of the substrate.
Wherein, still include:
calculating the upper fresh weight of the plant based on the weight change detected by the tension sensor;
calculating a growth rate of the plant based on the upper fresh weight and the lower fresh weight;
calculating the evapotranspiration of the plant based on the weight change detected by the pressure sensor and the flow change detected by the liquid return flow meter;
calculating a water use efficiency based on the growth rate of the plant and the evapotranspiration amount of the plant;
calculating irrigation volume based on the return liquid parameter, the matrix parameter and the water utilization efficiency.
The substrate cultivation monitoring device, the system and the method provided by the embodiment of the invention are characterized in that the substrate cultivation monitoring device comprises a top weighing mechanism and a bottom weighing mechanism, wherein the top weighing mechanism comprises a tension sensor, and the weight of the upper part of a plant can be measured in a hanging manner through the tension sensor; the bottom weighing mechanism comprises a pressure sensor and a liquid return collecting tank arranged on the pressure sensor in a pressing mode, the weight change of the matrix can be collected in real time through the pressure sensor, the liquid return of the leakage of the matrix cultivation tank can be collected through the liquid return collecting tank, then the liquid is discharged after the end of irrigation at every time, and weighing and calculation are facilitated. This matrix cultivation monitoring devices simple structure, convenient to use realize the accurate measurement of matrix water content and crop physiological growth parameter through the mode of weighing, understand the hydrone motion in the plant body all-roundly, research plant is at the water consumption law of whole growth stage, can satisfy different facility application scene demands such as soilless culture groove and multi-pot are cultivated in a pot, provide the decision-making foundation for facility liquid manure management, realize the liquid manure management according to matrix state, crop state, nutritive state.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a substrate cultivation monitoring system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a front view of a bottom weighing mechanism in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a top view of the bottom weighing mechanism of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a side view of the bottom weighing mechanism of FIG. 2;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a top weighing mechanism in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a data acquisition mechanism in an embodiment of the present invention;
description of reference numerals:
1: a top weighing mechanism; 11: a tension sensor; 12: an upper hook;
13: a lower hook; 14: a lifting rope; 2: a bottom weighing mechanism;
21: a pressure sensor; 22: a liquid return collecting tank; 221: a liquid discharge port;
23: a liquid return flowmeter; 24: a return liquid collecting barrel; 3: a supporting seat;
31: a longitudinal support; 311: an outer tube; 312: an inner tube;
313: length positioning holes; 32: a transverse support; 321: a width positioning hole;
33: a side dam; 4: leveling the base; 41: leveling the substrate;
42: a foot cup; 5: a data acquisition mechanism; 51: an antenna;
52: a display screen; 53: a data line; 6: a gateway;
7: a server; 8: a mobile phone; 9: a plant.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "first" and "second" are used for the sake of clarity in describing the numbering of the components of the product and do not represent any substantial difference, unless explicitly stated or limited otherwise. The directions of "up", "down", "left" and "right" are all based on the directions shown in the attached drawings. Specific meanings of the above terms in the embodiments of the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to specific situations.
It is to be understood that, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the term "coupled" is used broadly, and may, for example, refer to directly coupled devices or indirectly coupled devices through intervening media. Specific meanings of the above terms in the embodiments of the invention will be understood to those of ordinary skill in the art in specific cases.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a substrate cultivation monitoring system in an embodiment of the present invention, fig. 2 to 4 are three views of a bottom weighing mechanism in an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 1 to 4, a substrate cultivation monitoring device provided in an embodiment of the present invention includes a top weighing mechanism 1 and a bottom weighing mechanism 2, the top weighing mechanism 1 includes a tension sensor 11, and a detection end of the tension sensor 11 is used for hanging and connecting a plant 9. The bottom weighing mechanism 2 comprises a pressure sensor 21 and a return liquid collecting tank 22 arranged on the pressure sensor 21 in a pressing mode, and the return liquid collecting tank 22 is used for containing the matrix cultivation tank to collect return liquid leaked from the matrix cultivation tank. The bottom of the liquid return collecting tank 22 is provided with a liquid outlet 221.
Specifically, top weighing mechanism 1 sets up directly over the matrix cultivation groove that has planted plant 9, and top weighing mechanism 1's upper portion can be fixed on the support in planting the big-arch shelter, and top weighing mechanism 1 is equipped with tension sensor 11, suspends connection plant 9 in midair through tension sensor 11's sense terminal, and then can weigh the upper portion weight of plant 9.
More specifically, as shown in fig. 5, the top weighing mechanism 1 further includes an upper hook 12, a lower hook 13, and a lifting rope 14, wherein a fixed end (i.e., an upper end) of the tension sensor 11 is connected to the upper hook 12, a detection end (i.e., a lower end) of the tension sensor 11 is connected to the lower hook 13, and the lower hook 13 is connected to the plant 9 through the lifting rope 14. The tension sensor 11 may be an S-type tension sensor, for example, a four-wire system S-type tension sensor STC-20kg available from tianjinlijing.
The bottom weighing mechanism 2 comprises a liquid return collecting tank 22, the substrate cultivation tank is placed in the liquid return collecting tank 22, and the size of the liquid return collecting tank 22 can be designed according to the size of the substrate cultivation tank. As shown in fig. 3 to 4, the bottom of the return liquid collecting groove 22 is designed to be concave, i.e. the bottom is inclined downwards in the middle and a collecting groove is arranged at the lowest position, so that the return liquid can flow into the collecting groove conveniently. In addition, two gaskets can be placed at the bottom of one end of the liquid return collecting tank 22, and a liquid outlet 221 is formed in the bottom of the other end of the liquid return collecting tank 22, so that the liquid return collecting tank 22 is inclined at a certain angle, and then the liquid return can be discharged from the liquid outlet 221, and the phenomenon that the liquid return is retained in the tank is avoided. More specifically, the return liquid collecting tank 24 can be placed below the return liquid collecting tank 22 at a position corresponding to the liquid discharge port 221 to collect the return liquid, so that the environment pollution is avoided, and the resources are saved.
The pressure sensor 21 is disposed at a lower portion of the return liquid collecting tank 22, and is configured to detect a weight change of the return liquid collecting tank 22. More specifically, the pressure sensor 21 may be a single-point six-wire pressure sensor PWAHC3(50kg) from HBM, germany.
The substrate cultivation monitoring device provided by the embodiment comprises a top weighing mechanism and a bottom weighing mechanism, wherein the top weighing mechanism comprises a tension sensor, and the weight of the upper part of a plant can be measured in a hanging mode through the tension sensor; the bottom weighing mechanism comprises a pressure sensor and a liquid return collecting tank arranged on the pressure sensor in a pressing mode, the weight change of the matrix can be collected in real time through the pressure sensor, the liquid return of the leakage of the matrix cultivation tank can be collected through the liquid return collecting tank, then the liquid is discharged after the end of irrigation at every time, and weighing and calculation are facilitated. This matrix cultivation monitoring devices simple structure, convenient to use realize the accurate measurement of matrix water content and crop physiological growth parameter through the mode of weighing, understand the hydrone motion in the plant body all-roundly, research plant is at the water consumption law of whole growth stage, can satisfy different facility application scene demands such as soilless culture groove and multi-pot are cultivated in a pot, provide the decision-making foundation for facility liquid manure management, realize the liquid manure management according to matrix state, crop state, nutritive state.
Further, as shown in fig. 1 to 3, the bottom weighing mechanism 2 further includes a supporting seat 3, a top of the supporting seat 3 abuts against the liquid return collecting tank 22, and a bottom of the supporting seat 3 is connected to the pressure sensor 21. The supporting seat 3 includes at least two longitudinal brackets 31 arranged along the width direction of the return liquid collecting groove 22 and at least two transverse brackets 32 arranged along the length direction of the return liquid collecting groove 22. The transverse bracket 32 is provided with a width positioning hole 321, and the bolt is inserted into the width positioning hole 321 to fix the transverse bracket 32 and the longitudinal bracket 31, so as to adjust the distance between the two longitudinal brackets 31 at the two ends. Specifically, the supporting seat 3 may be formed by connecting a plurality of spaced longitudinal brackets 31 and a plurality of spaced transverse brackets 32, and the overall width of the supporting seat 3 is adjusted by adjusting the distance between the two outermost longitudinal brackets 31 to adapt to the liquid return collecting grooves 22 with different widths.
Further, as shown in fig. 2 to 3, the longitudinal bracket 31 includes an outer tube 311 and an inner tube 312, and the inner tube 312 is telescopically inserted into the outer tube 311. The outer tube 311 is formed with a length positioning hole 313 for adjusting the extension length of the inner tube 312. The bolts are inserted into the length positioning holes 313 to fix the outer pipe 311 and the inner pipe 312, and the extension length of the inner pipe 312 is adjusted, so as to adjust the overall length of the longitudinal support 31, so as to adapt to the liquid return collecting tanks 22 with different lengths. Furthermore, a plurality of side baffles 33 are fixed on the longitudinal support 31 to facilitate stable placement of the return liquid collecting tank 22.
Further, as shown in fig. 2 and 4, the leveling device further includes a leveling base 4, the leveling base 4 includes a leveling base plate 41 and a plurality of foot cups 42, a top surface of the leveling base plate 41 abuts against a bottom portion of the pressure sensor 21, and the plurality of foot cups 42 are mounted on a bottom surface of the leveling base plate 41. Specifically, the foot cup 42, also called a caster adjustment block or a horizontal adjustment foot seat, generally consists of a screw and a base plate, and achieves a common mechanical part for adjusting the height of the equipment through the rotation of threads. In a specific embodiment, two leveling bases 4 may be respectively disposed at two ends of the return liquid collecting tank 22, each leveling base 4 includes a leveling base plate 41 and foot cups 42 located at four corners of the leveling base plate 41, the leveling base plate 41 may further be disposed with a level gauge, and the extending height of the foot cups 42 is adjusted to ensure that the return liquid collecting tank 22 is level or slightly inclined toward the liquid discharge port 221.
Further, a liquid return flowmeter 23 is connected to the liquid discharge port 221. The flow parameter when the return liquid is discharged is collected by the return liquid flowmeter 23, and the return liquid amount is calculated. Specifically, the liquid return flow meter 23 may be a turbine flow meter, such as an FHKSC turbine flow meter.
Further, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 6, the cultivation apparatus further includes a liquid return parameter sensor (not shown in the drawings) disposed in the liquid return collection tank 22, a substrate parameter sensor (not shown in the drawings) for being placed in the substrate cultivation tank, and the data acquisition mechanism 5, wherein the tension sensor 11, the pressure sensor 21, the liquid return parameter sensor, and the substrate parameter sensor are electrically connected to the data acquisition mechanism 5. Specifically, the liquid return parameter sensor may include a liquid return pH sensor and a liquid return conductivity sensor, for example, the liquid return pH sensor may be a PHG-202 integrated online pH transmitter, and the liquid return conductivity measurement may be a DDM-202 integrated conductivity sensor; both are RS485 communication serial ports and are communicated with the main controller based on a Modbus-RTU protocol.
The substrate parameter sensor may include a substrate temperature sensor, a substrate humidity sensor, and a substrate conductivity sensor. More specifically, the substrate parameter sensor may be 5TE three-parameter sensor from Decagon corporation, which can measure three parameters of temperature, humidity and conductivity simultaneously.
The data acquisition module of the data acquisition mechanism 5 can select a high-precision A/D conversion chip special for an HX712 electronic scale of the oceanic chip science and technology company, and a 128-gain low-noise amplifier and a 24-bit A/D converter are integrated on a chip and can supply power for the pressure sensor. Considering that the adopted piezoresistive sensor has a certain temperature drift due to the influence of temperature, a temperature sensor DS18B20 can be additionally arranged for software compensation of the temperature drift of the pressure/tension sensor, so that the measurement precision of the system is improved. The core microcontroller of the data acquisition mechanism 5 adopts a low-power-consumption series L431CCT6 design of STM32 to coordinate normal work of each device and complete data acquisition, processing and transmission. The data acquisition mechanism 5 can be electrically connected with each sensor and can transmit signals through the data line 53. Meanwhile, the data acquisition mechanism 5 is also provided with a display screen 52, which can adopt an OLED display screen, so that field operators can conveniently acquire measurement data in real time. The data acquisition mechanism 5 is also internally provided with a memory chip W25Q64 for saving system parameters and backing up acquired sensor data. It should be noted that the various sensors in the present embodiment and the electronic components such as the chip and the processor of the data acquisition mechanism 5 may be in other types, and are not limited herein. The power supply part of the data acquisition mechanism 5 can adopt an external power supply circuit designed by LM2576T-12 and AMS117-3.3 chips, and the data acquisition mechanism 5 mainly finishes the acquisition of the pressure sensor 21, the liquid return flow meter 23, the matrix parameters and the liquid return parameters, wherein the value of the liquid return flow meter 23 is acquired in real time, and the values of other sensors are acquired periodically.
Furthermore, the system also comprises a wireless transmission component, the data acquisition mechanism 5 is electrically connected to the wireless transmission component, and the wireless transmission component is used for transmitting the parameter signals acquired by the data acquisition mechanism 5 to the remote server 7. Specifically, the wireless transmission component of the data acquisition mechanism 5 may adopt an APC340 module of the ann american scientific and technology company, and realize one-to-one and one-to-many networking communication by adopting an antenna 51, a Lora spread spectrum modulation mode and a transparent transmission mode; a BM71 bluetooth module may also be provided for field use, and relevant data information may be conveniently viewed through an application on the mobile phone 8 at the work site.
Furthermore, considering that the top weighing mechanism 1 is inconvenient to wire, a data acquisition board can be arranged in the top weighing mechanism 1, and a wireless communication module is integrated on the data acquisition board so as to transmit data to the data acquisition mechanism 5 or the server 7 or the mobile phone 8. The data acquisition board only acquires the measurement values of the tension sensor 11. The power supply part adopts a dry battery power supply circuit designed by a TPS61221 chip, and the whole top weighing mechanism 1 has no external connection line and can be flexibly used. The data acquisition board adopts two alkaline batteries with the capacity of 2500mAh to supply power, the sampling interval is 5 minutes, the working time can reach more than 120 days, and the monitoring of the whole growth cycle of the plant 9 can be realized. More specifically, the number of top weighing mechanisms 1 may be selected according to the number of plants 9, one top weighing mechanism 1 may be installed individually for each plant 9, or one top weighing mechanism 1 may be shared by a plurality of plants 9.
After the system starts to work, the data acquisition mechanism 5 initializes the system hardware, configures the working mode of the corresponding peripheral, reads the system parameters (including the linear coefficient of the sensor, the system zero point, the sampling interval and the like) from the FLASH, and enters the main program after the preparation work is finished. The data acquisition mechanism 5 periodically acquires the values of the sensors in the main program, and the acquired data are displayed through an OLED screen and stored in FLASH. And after the data acquisition board arranged in the top weighing mechanism 1 executes the main program, the low-power-consumption mode is entered, and the data acquisition is completed by interrupting and awakening periodically according to the sampling period. After the data acquisition mechanism 5 executes the main program, the sampling interval is delayed, and the flow of the liquid return flowmeter 23 can be measured in real time through external interruption.
In addition, the data acquisition mechanism 5 is also provided with a data filtering module, and the data filtering module automatically filters the conventional farm work operation (irrigation, threshing, picking and measurement) of the greenhouse, eliminates abnormal data, and avoids the interference of the farm work operation on the data calculation of the monitoring system. Specifically, the weight fluctuation range can be set for twice before and after weight collection, the data filtering module can make a difference between the weight values of twice before and after each weight collection, and filtering is automatically performed according to the comparison between the positive and negative values and the size of the weight difference value and each set filtering threshold value. By filtering aiming at conventional farming operation, the accuracy of system monitoring can be improved, and reliable data support is improved for facility regulation and control of matrix-cultivated crops.
As shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a substrate cultivation monitoring system, which includes at least one substrate cultivation monitoring device as described above, and further includes a gateway 6, where the wireless transmission component of each substrate cultivation monitoring device is in communication connection with the gateway 6.
Specifically, the gateway 6 may adopt a GPRS gateway module, and may adopt EP300-GPRS of the beijing agricultural intelligent equipment technology research center, and the acquisition node communicates with the GPRS gateway through a wireless transmission component to transmit data to the server 7 for storage, so that the terminal computer or the mobile phone 8 can also check related data information in real time in cooperation with corresponding software.
The system utilizes the wireless transmission component and the gateway 6 to construct a multi-point type plant growth all-directional monitoring network, integrates a low-power wide area network technology, and has the characteristics of low power consumption, long transmission distance and the like. Different equipment such as the tension sensor 11, the pressure sensor 21, the matrix parameter sensor and the liquid return parameter sensor are connected into the platform through a Lora star-shaped net, and remote real-time monitoring can be achieved conveniently. The construction of a high-flux monitoring platform for low-power-consumption wide area network greenhouse matrix cultivation is realized. The data acquisition board is also integrated with a Bluetooth module, and a user can directly and conveniently check corresponding data records at a mobile phone end on site.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a monitoring method using the substrate cultivation monitoring device, which comprises the following steps:
calculating the fresh weight of the lower part of the plant based on the weight of the substrate when the water is saturated for the first time and the weight of the substrate when the substrate reaches a stable saturation state after each time of irrigation;
the water content of the matrix was calculated based on the lower fresh weight and the real-time weight of the matrix.
Specifically, first, the lower fresh weight is calculated from the difference between the initial saturated weight of the substrate and the steady saturated weight of the substrate after each irrigation, and the calculation formula is as follows:
WDOWN＝WIS-WS
in the formula WDOWNRepresents the lower fresh weight of the plant;
WISthe weight of the substrate in a stable saturated state after the irrigation is finished, namely the weight collected by the pressure sensor 21 after all return liquid is discharged after the irrigation is finished;
WSrepresents the weight of the substrate when saturated with water, i.e. the weight of the substrate when saturated with water before planting the plants 9.
Then, the calculation of the water content of the matrix (here, the water content of the matrix is the mass water content) can be obtained by calculating the dry weight of the matrix, the saturated weight of the matrix, the real-time weight of the matrix and the fresh weight of the lower part. The calculation formula is as follows:
wherein V represents the moisture content of the substrate;
WCrepresents the real-time weight of the substrate;
WDrepresents the dry weight of the substrate;
WDOWNrepresenting the fresh weight of the lower part of the plant;
WSrepresents the weight of the substrate when saturated with water.
Further, the substrate cultivation monitoring method can also calculate the whole fresh weight, the growth rate, the evapotranspiration rate, the water utilization efficiency and the liquid return rate of the plant 9, and can also determine an irrigation strategy.
Specifically, first, in order to calculate the amount of growth of a plant, it is necessary to specify a changed part of the fresh weight of the plant. The device obtains the fresh weight variation of the plant through the upper fresh weight part and the lower fresh weight part. The fresh weight of the upper part can be obtained through the weight change of the tension sensor on the upper part of the device, and the calculation formula is as follows:
WUP＝PWT2-PWT1
in the formula WUPRepresents the upper fresh weight of the plant;
PWT1represents the weight collected by the tension sensor 11 at the upper part of the plant at the T1 moment;
PWT2representing the weight collected by the tension sensor 11 in the upper part of the plant at time T2.
Thus, the fresh weight W of plant 9PComprises the following steps:
WP＝WUP+WDOWN
then, the growth rate of the plant 9 was calculated based on the upper fresh weight and the lower fresh weight. The growth rate can be obtained by the difference between the upper fresh weight of the plant 9 and the lower fresh weight of the plant 9 obtained in the unit time interval, and the calculation formula is as follows:
growth in the formulaRateRepresents the growth rate of the plant;
WPT1represents the fresh weight of the plant at the T1 moment;
WPT2the fresh weight of the plant at time T2 is shown.
Then, the amount of transpiration of the plant is calculated based on the change in weight detected by the pressure sensor 21 and the change in flow rate detected by the return flow meter 23. The evapotranspiration rate is the instantaneous evapotranspiration rate and the daily evapotranspiration rate, and the evapotranspiration amount of the system can be calculated through the change of the weight in unit time. The specific calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula ETRateExpressing the transpiration rate of the plant;
BWT1represents T1The weight value of the substrate at the moment;
BWT2represents T2The weight value of the substrate at the moment;
drain denotes T1To T2During which the accumulated amount of reflux collected by the reflux meter 23.
Then, the water use efficiency was calculated based on the growth rate of the plant and the evapotranspiration amount of the plant. The water utilization efficiency is the ratio of the plant growth amount to the evapotranspiration amount in unit time, and the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein WUE represents the water use ratio;
growth represents the amount of plant Growth;
ET represents the evapotranspiration of the plant.
In addition, the liquid return rate can be calculated, and the liquid return rate represents the ratio of the liquid return amount to the total irrigation amount after each irrigation operation is finished. The calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula of DrainRateExpressing the liquid return rate;
d represents the accumulated return liquid amount collected by the return liquid flow meter 23 after the end of each irrigation;
i denotes the amount of each irrigation.
Finally, based on the return parameters, the substrate parameters and the water use efficiency, the irrigation volume can be calculated. The water and the nutrients in the substrate are necessary conditions for plant growth, information such as salt content and organic content in the substrate can be determined by monitoring liquid return parameters, the nutrient absorption and utilization conditions of the plants are known, and the irrigation quantity and the nutrient ratio of the next time are determined. In order to avoid the accumulation of salt in the matrix, the matrix needs to be washed for each irrigation, and the 20-30% return liquid amount is ensured, and the calculation formula according to the 30% irrigation reference amount is as follows:
IREF＝(WS-WC+WDOWN)*1.3
in the formula IREFIndicating a reference fill water amount.
According to the embodiments, the substrate cultivation monitoring device, the system and the method provided by the invention are characterized in that the substrate cultivation monitoring device comprises a top weighing mechanism and a bottom weighing mechanism, the top weighing mechanism comprises a tension sensor, and the upper weight of a plant can be measured in a hanging manner through the tension sensor; the bottom weighing mechanism comprises a pressure sensor and a liquid return collecting tank arranged on the pressure sensor in a pressing mode, the weight change of the matrix can be collected in real time through the pressure sensor, the liquid return of the leakage of the matrix cultivation tank can be collected through the liquid return collecting tank, then the liquid is discharged after the end of irrigation at every time, and weighing and calculation are facilitated. This matrix cultivation monitoring devices simple structure, convenient to use realize the accurate measurement of matrix water content and crop physiological growth parameter through the mode of weighing, understand the hydrone motion in the plant body all-roundly, research plant is at the water consumption law of whole growth stage, can satisfy different facility application scene demands such as soilless culture groove and multi-pot are cultivated in a pot, provide the decision-making foundation for facility liquid manure management, realize the liquid manure management according to matrix state, crop state, nutritive state. And the start and the end of the irrigation operation can be automatically identified according to the weight change information, the irrigation quantity and the irrigation times are calculated, and the liquid return rate of the matrix between the change of the water content of the matrix and the irrigation period is updated in real time.
Furthermore, the comprehensive acquisition of plant growth information in a matrix cultivation mode can be realized through structure optimization, the calculation of plant physiological parameters can be completed on the premise of no invasion to crops based on a multi-sensor technology and by combining a corresponding algorithm, the online monitoring of plant physiology is realized, the facility regulation and control level is improved, the blank of China in the aspect of matrix cultivation crop irrigation decision-making equipment is filled, and the equipment cost is reduced. The system can automatically filter abnormal data for conventional farming operation, improves the monitoring accuracy of the system, and improves reliable data support for facility regulation and control of matrix cultivated crops. Reasonable irrigation points and irrigation quantity can be established by monitoring the water content and the liquid return rate of the matrix, a reasonable irrigation decision is established, and the effective utilization rate of resources is improved. An integrated high-flux plant growth monitoring platform is constructed by a low-power-consumption wide area network technology, and multipoint online monitoring of greenhouse group crops can be realized. The data acquisition device automatically finishes information acquisition and uploads the information to the server end in real time, so that a user can conveniently and remotely check the growth information of plants, and remote regulation and control are finished by combining corresponding liquid manure equipment. The field workload is greatly reduced, the automatic regulation and control of the crop growth under the matrix cultivation mode are realized, the labor cost is saved, and the benefit is comprehensively improved.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The substrate cultivation monitoring device is characterized by comprising a top weighing mechanism and a bottom weighing mechanism, wherein the top weighing mechanism comprises a tension sensor, and the detection end of the tension sensor is used for hanging and connecting plants; the bottom weighing mechanism comprises a pressure sensor and a return liquid collecting tank which is pressed on the pressure sensor, and the return liquid collecting tank is used for accommodating the substrate cultivation tank so as to collect return liquid leaked from the substrate cultivation tank; and the liquid return collecting tank is provided with a liquid outlet.
2. The substrate cultivation monitoring device of claim 1, wherein the bottom weighing mechanism further comprises a support seat, the top of the support seat abuts against the liquid return collection tank, and the bottom of the support seat is connected to the pressure sensor; the supporting seat comprises at least two longitudinal supports arranged along the width direction of the liquid return collecting tank and at least two transverse supports arranged along the length direction of the liquid return collecting tank; the transverse support is provided with a width positioning hole so as to adjust the distance between the two longitudinal supports at the two ends.
3. The substrate cultivation monitoring device according to claim 2, wherein the longitudinal support comprises an outer tube and an inner tube telescopically inserted within the outer tube; the outer pipe is provided with a length positioning hole so as to adjust the extending length of the inner pipe.
4. The substrate cultivation monitoring device according to claim 1, further comprising a leveling base, the leveling base comprising a leveling base plate and a plurality of goblets, a top surface of the leveling base plate abutting against a bottom of the pressure sensor, the plurality of goblets being mounted to a bottom surface of the leveling base plate.
5. The substrate cultivation monitoring device according to claim 1, wherein a liquid return flow meter is connected to the liquid discharge port.
6. The substrate cultivation monitoring device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising a data acquisition mechanism, a fluid return parameter sensor disposed in the fluid return collection tank, and a substrate parameter sensor for placement in the substrate cultivation tank, wherein the tension sensor, the pressure sensor, the fluid return parameter sensor, and the substrate parameter sensor are electrically connected to the data acquisition mechanism.
7. The substrate cultivation monitoring device of claim 6, further comprising a wireless transmission assembly, the data acquisition mechanism being electrically connected to the wireless transmission assembly, the wireless transmission assembly being configured to transmit the parameter signals acquired by the data acquisition mechanism to a remote server.
8. A substrate growth monitoring system comprising at least one substrate growth monitoring device according to claim 7, further comprising a gateway, the wireless transmission component of each substrate growth monitoring device being in communication with the gateway.
9. A monitoring method using the substrate cultivation monitoring device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising:
calculating the fresh weight of the lower part of the plant based on the weight of the substrate when the substrate is saturated by primary irrigation and the weight of the substrate when the substrate reaches a stable saturation state after each irrigation;
calculating the water content of the substrate based on the lower fresh weight and the real-time weight of the substrate.
10. The monitoring method of claim 9, further comprising:
calculating the upper fresh weight of the plant based on the weight change detected by the tension sensor;
calculating a growth rate of the plant based on the upper fresh weight and the lower fresh weight;
calculating the evapotranspiration of the plant based on the weight change detected by the pressure sensor and the flow change detected by the liquid return flow meter;
calculating a water use efficiency based on the growth rate of the plant and the evapotranspiration amount of the plant;
calculating irrigation volume based on the return liquid parameter, the matrix parameter and the water utilization efficiency.
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