CN103079811B - 作为平视显示器的玻璃板 - Google Patents

作为平视显示器的玻璃板 Download PDF

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CN103079811B
CN103079811B CN201180043106.4A CN201180043106A CN103079811B CN 103079811 B CN103079811 B CN 103079811B CN 201180043106 A CN201180043106 A CN 201180043106A CN 103079811 B CN103079811 B CN 103079811B
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glass plate
plate
luminous pigment
tack coat
glass
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CN103079811A (zh
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M.拉布罗特
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Sekisui Chemical Co Ltd
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Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
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    • B32B17/10788—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing ethylene vinylacetate
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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Abstract

玻璃板，其至少包括：a.一个板(1)，b.一个在板（1）上的粘结层(2)，其中所述粘结层（2）包括至少一个带有发光颜料（2a）的热塑性薄膜（2b）和一个带有抗刮擦涂层（2d）的阻隔薄膜（2c）。

Description

作为平视显示器的玻璃板
本发明涉及一种玻璃板、用于制造这种玻璃板的方法及其作为平视显示器(Head-Up-Display)的用途。
平视显示器（HUD）被广泛应用于航空。这种安装在飞行员直接视野中的系统显示了飞机自身以及其他飞机最重要的信息。这种确立于军事领域并大量使用的系统在民用领域，尤其在汽车领域也具有许多应用的可能性。这样，与下视显示器(Head-Down-Display)（HDD）相反，速度数据、与前车的距离或导航设备的方向数据可以直接显示在驾驶员的视线水平上。这种可能性明显改善了车辆的交通安全，因为驾驶员在观察仪器时，不能同时观察交通状况。随着机动车辆速度的增加，例如在高速公路上，车辆“盲”驶的距离非常显著，并且造成事故风险增加。
如果平视显示器(HUD)是由外部光源例如激光照明，则只能取决于环境光照条件和天气状况很困难地看清楚照明领域。强烈的阳光和透过水滴或污垢颗粒的光反射使得看清在平视显示器中显示的信息明显变得困难。对于显示在显示区域例如前窗上的虚像，这变得可以特别明显地察觉。此外，这种传统的HUD的不足之处还有用于表述显示的信息的视野受限制。一个可能的解决方案是在显示区域通过电磁激发的染料或颜料产生的实像。为此，原则上可以用整个板作为信息载体。
由于板的尺寸和颜料本身均匀分布在粘结层中的趋势，因此需要相对高的发色颜料的浓度。在高压釜中处理玻璃板加强了颜料在粘结层中的溶解。然而在许多情形中，高颜料浓度非常昂贵并且考虑到对颜料或染料作为有害物质的规章分类和处理，可能需要特殊的预防措施。
DE 603 14 613 T2公开了一种光致变色的组合物及其制备方法。所述组合物包含线性、可交联的聚氨酯或聚氨酯-脲聚合物和一种光致变色的有机化合物。
WO 2004/099172 Al公开了一种基于用芳基胺基团取代的苯（Benzol-）-、萘（naphthen-）-和菲并铬（phenathrochrom）结构的光致变色组合物。
US 7,230,767 B2公开了一种机动车辆玻璃上的屏幕系统。所述装置在内层玻璃朝向外面的一侧上含有发光化合物。所述发光化合物由光源照明，并且显现在机动车辆驾驶员视野中。
本发明的目的是提供一种玻璃板，其可用作平视显示器，并且在小的颜料-或染料浓度的情况下，使得良好的识别以及在一种或多种颜色中的高光度在所有光条件下也成为可能。
根据本发明，通过独立权利要求1实现了本发明的目的。优选的实施方案可见于从属权利要求。
根据本发明的用于制造具有平视显示器的玻璃板的方法、装置和它们的用途可见于其他并列的权利要求。
根据本发明的玻璃板包括至少一个板和至少一个聚合物粘结层。所述板优选包括平板玻璃(浮法玻璃)、石英玻璃、硼硅酸盐玻璃、钠钙玻璃。所述板优选具有高于80%的平均光透射率（除非另作说明，平均光透射率为根据DIN 5033标准，波长380nm-780nm波长范围的光的用A型光源和 2°-标准观察者的光透射率），优选高于90%。在360nm-420nm的波长范围内，该板优选具有 > 70%，特别优选 > 75%的光透射率。
所述粘结层至少包含一种第一发光颜料、热塑性薄膜和阻隔薄膜。所述粘结层以热塑性薄膜一侧安置在板上并与板牢固连接。所述阻隔薄膜安置在粘结层中背向板的一侧上。所述热塑性薄膜优选包含PVB(聚乙烯醇缩丁醛)或EVA(聚乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯)。所述发光第一颜料优选包含在整个第一热塑性薄膜体积中。所述阻隔薄膜作为发光颜料的扩散阻隔起作用。在阻隔薄膜的背向板一侧上的抗刮擦涂层起到硬质的耐刮擦表面的作用。如同在热塑性薄膜中一样，该阻隔薄膜包含优选少于20%，特别优选少于10%并且尤其优选少于1%的发光颜料的浓度。在本发明的范围内，所述发光颜料可以包含有机和/或无机发光化合物、离子、团聚体和/或分子。发光涵盖荧光和/或磷光过程、电磁辐射激发和电磁辐射发射。发射辐射优选具有不同于激发辐射的波长。发射辐射优选具有更高的波长。在405 nm波长下测量，热塑性薄膜和任选地其他热塑性薄膜优选具有>70%，特别优选>82%的光透射率。热塑性薄膜的光透射率可以通过薄膜厚度、聚合物组成、聚合度、聚合分布、UV阻断剂或增塑剂来调节。
所述阻隔薄膜优选包含不含增塑剂的聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)、聚碳酸酯(PC)、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)和聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯(PEN)、聚氯乙烯(PVC)、聚氟乙烯(PVF)、聚乙烯缩丁醛(PVB)，和/或它们的共聚物，特别优选聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)。
在405 nm波长下测量，所述阻隔薄膜优选具有>70 %，特别优选>80 %的光透射率。
在390 nm－410 nm的波长范围内，该热塑性薄膜优选具有> 75 %，优选> 82 %的光透射率。
所述粘结层优选包含PVC(聚氯乙烯)、PU(聚氨酯)、EVA(聚乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯)及其混合物以及共聚物。
所述阻隔薄膜优选包含第二发光颜料或染料。所述第二发光颜料优选具有与第一发光颜料不同的激发波长以及发射波长。作为选择，可以布置另外的具有发光颜料的热塑性薄膜和位于其间的阻隔薄膜。
所述粘结层优选不包含在360 nm－400 nm之间的发荧光的颗粒的激发光谱范围内有效的其他UV阻断剂。根据本发明的发光颜料优选作为UV阻断剂起作用。
所述发光颜料优选在350 nm－450 nm，特别优选390 nm－420 nm范围具有局部激发最大值。
所述发光颜料优选在400 nm－800 nm范围具有局部发射最大值。
所述抗刮擦涂层优选包含有机和/或无机结合的SiO2、TiO2、Al2O3、Si3N4，优选聚硅氧烷。所述抗刮擦涂层在阻隔薄膜上安置在粘结层的背向板的一侧上。
所述粘结层优选具有0.30 mm－1.2 mm，优选0.70 mm－0.90 mm的厚度。所述阻隔薄膜优选具有0.10 mm－0.30 mm的厚度。所述热塑性薄膜优选具有0.30 mm－0.90 mm的厚度。
所述发光颜料优选包含具有下式的对苯二甲酸羟烷基酯：R1-COO-P(OH)x(0-4)-COO-R2，其中R1、R2是具有1－10个C原子的烷基残基或烯丙基残基，P是苯环，OH为键接到该苯环上的羟基基团，以及x为键接到该苯环上的羟基基团的数目。其结构通式为：
。
该发光颜料优选包含2,5-二羟基对苯二甲酸二乙酯。其结构式为：
。
发光颜料优选包含苯并吡喃类、萘并吡喃类、2H-萘并吡喃类、3H-萘并吡喃类、2H-菲并吡喃类、3H-菲并吡喃类、光致变色树脂、香豆素类、黄嘌呤类、萘二甲酸衍生物、噁唑类、均二苯乙烯类、苯乙烯类、苝类、萘二甲酰亚胺类、萘醛缩类、苯基类、呫吨类，镧系元素，优选Y2O3:Eu、YVO4:Tm、Y2O2S:Pr、Gd2O2S:Tb，和/或它们的混合物。
所述热塑性薄膜优选包含0.1 g/m2－15g/m2发光颜料。该量的数据基于约0.76 mm的热塑性薄膜厚度给出。
所述板优选具有1 mm－8 mm，特别优选1.4 mm－2.5 mm的厚度。
所述阻隔薄膜优选具有涂层，优选金属涂层，特别优选ZnO、Ag、In2O3、TiO2、AlN的涂层。该涂层强化了阻隔薄膜作为对发光颜料或染料的扩散阻隔的作用。该涂层优选布置在邻接于热塑性薄膜的阻隔薄膜上。
此外，本发明包括用于显示象形图、数字和/或字符的装置。所述装置包括如上所述的玻璃板和对准所述玻璃板的光源。所述光源发射出电磁辐射，优选360 nm-420 nm的波长的电磁辐射。该由光源发射的辐射被粘结层中的发光颜料所吸收，并以改变的波长重新发射。这一发射辐射通过观察者作为板上的像点而被感知。所述光源优选包括二极管激光器或激光扫描器。
此外，本发明包括用于制造玻璃板的方法。在第一步中将热塑性薄膜（优选PVB或EVA）和阻隔薄膜（优选PET）与抗刮擦涂层（优选聚硅氧烷）在阻隔薄膜的外侧上结合成为粘结层（层压薄膜）。然后将发光颜料施加于粘结层的热塑性薄膜一侧上。所述粘结层在随后的步骤中被层压于板（热塑性薄膜一侧上）和层压板（Laminierscheibe）（含有抗刮擦涂层的阻隔薄膜一侧上）之间。所述层压优选在120℃－170℃的温度、10巴－15巴的压力下进行，并进行30min－240min的时间。在层压期间，发光颜料优选均匀分布在整个热塑性薄膜中并且仅些微分布在阻隔薄膜中。层压后，该阻隔薄膜优选包含少于热塑性薄膜中的1%浓度的第一发光颜料。然后小心地除去层压板和获得板和粘结层的复合体。
发光颜料优选通过喷涂、丝网印刷、胶印、喷墨印刷和/或柔性版印刷涂覆。
此外，本发明包括所述玻璃板在建筑物、机动车辆、飞机和/或直升机中作为透明或（部分）染色的显示系统、平视显示器的应用，特别优选在机动车辆中作为挡风玻璃的应用。
在下文中将借助于附图和实施例以及对比例对本发明进行详细解释。此附图仅仅为示意图，并未按实际比例。本发明并非限制于此。
图为：
图1 根据现有技术的具有发光颗粒的层压的玻璃板的横截面，
图2 根据本发明的玻璃板的横截面，
图3 根据本发明的粘结层的横截面，
图4根据本发明的粘结层的一个优选实施方式的横截面，
图5根据本发明的装置的示意图。
图1显示了根据现有技术的具有发光颗粒(2a)的玻璃板(I)的横截面。玻璃板(I)包括至少一个板(1)、一个另外的板(6)和至少一个聚合物粘结层(2)。粘结层(2)包含得自PVB的热塑性薄膜(2b)和发光颜料或染料(2a)，在玻璃板(I)层压后所述发光颜料或染料统计分布在热塑性薄膜(2b)中。在热塑性薄膜(2b)中颜料(2a)的广泛分布使得需要有高的颜料浓度，因为只有在高的颜料密度(2a)的情况下，光度才足够高。
图2显示了根据本发明的玻璃板(II)的横截面。玻璃板(II)包括至少一个板(1)和至少一个聚合物粘结层(2)。粘结层(2)包含得自PVB的第一热塑性薄膜(2b)和分布在热塑性薄膜(2b)中的发光颜料(2a)。紧接着第一热塑性薄膜(2b)的是得自PET的阻隔薄膜(2c)，其也几乎不含发光颜料或染料(2a)。在本发明范围内，表述“几乎不含”是指当用合适的辐射源激发时在阻隔薄膜(2c)中没有用裸眼可辨别的电磁辐射的发射。阻隔薄膜（2c）含有聚硅氧烷的抗刮擦涂层（2d）。
图3显示了由热塑性薄膜(2b)与发光颗粒(2a)制成的根据本发明的粘结层(2)，以及紧接着热塑性薄膜(2b)的阻隔薄膜(2c)和抗刮擦涂层(2d)的放大的横截面。
图4显示了由热塑性薄膜(2b)与发光颗粒(2a)制成的根据本发明的粘结层(2)，和紧接着第一热塑性薄膜(2b)的阻隔薄膜(2c)和抗刮擦涂层(2d)的优选实施方式的放大的横截面。所述阻隔薄膜(2c)与热塑性薄膜（2b）相邻地具有一个金属涂层（2e）。该金属涂层例如可以构成为IR反射性的或可电加热的。
图5显示了根据本发明的装置的横截面。玻璃板(II)包括一个板(1)和粘结层(2)。所述粘结层（2）由光源(4)，优选激光扫描器照明。位于粘结层(2)的发光颜料(2a)发射光线，该光线被观察者接收。
附图标记列表
(1) 板，
(2) 粘结层，
(2a) 发光颜料或染料，
(2b) 热塑性薄膜，
(2c) 阻隔薄膜，
(2d) 抗刮擦涂层，
(2e) 阻隔薄膜和热塑性薄膜之间的涂层，
(3) 层压板，
(4) 光源，
(5) 观察者和
(6) 第二个板。

Claims (28)

1.玻璃板，其至少包括：
a. 一个板(1)，
b. 一个在板（1）上的粘结层(2)，
其中所述粘结层（2）包括至少一个带有发光颜料（2a）的、包含聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)或聚乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯(EVA)的热塑性薄膜（2b）和一个带有抗刮擦涂层（2d）的阻隔薄膜（2c），其中所述发光颜料（2a）包含具有下式的对苯二甲酸羟烷基酯：R1-COO-P(OH)x(0-4)-COO-R2，其中R1、R2是具有1－10个C原子的烷基残基或烯丙基残基，P是苯环，OH为键接到该苯环上的羟基基团，以及x为键接到该苯环上的羟基基团的数目，并且其中所述热塑性薄膜包含0.1 g/m2－15g/m2的发光颜料。
2.根据权利要求1的玻璃板，其中所述对苯二甲酸羟烷基酯是2,5-二羟基对苯二甲酸二乙酯。
3.根据权利要求1的玻璃板，其中所述阻隔薄膜(2c)包含第二发光颜料。
4.根据权利要求1－3任一项的玻璃板，其中所述板(1)包含预应力或部分预应力的安全玻璃。
5.根据权利要求1－3任一项的玻璃板，其中所述阻隔薄膜(2c)包含不含增塑剂的聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)、聚碳酸酯(PC)、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)和聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯(PEN)、聚氯乙烯(PVC)、聚氟乙烯(PVF)、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)，和/或它们的混合物和共聚物。
6.根据权利要求5的玻璃板，其中所述阻隔薄膜(2c)包含不含增塑剂的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)。
7.根据权利要求1－2任一项的玻璃板，其中所述发光颜料(2a)在350 nm－450 nm的范围具有激发最大值，和/或在400 nm－800 nm的范围具有发射最大值。
8.根据权利要求3的玻璃板，其中所述第二发光颜料在350 nm－450 nm的范围具有激发最大值，和/或在400 nm－800 nm的范围具有发射最大值。
9.根据权利要求7的玻璃板，其中所述发光颜料(2a)在390 nm－420 nm的范围具有激发最大值，和/或在430 nm－500 nm的范围具有发射最大值。
10.根据权利要求8的玻璃板，其中所述第二发光颜料在390 nm－420 nm的范围具有激发最大值，和/或在430 nm－500 nm的范围具有发射最大值。
11.根据权利要求1－3任一项的玻璃板，其中所述抗刮擦涂层（2d）包含有机和/或无机结合的SiO2、TiO2、Al2O3、Si3N4。
12.根据权利要求11的玻璃板，其中所述抗刮擦涂层（2d）包含有机和/或无机结合的聚硅氧烷。
13.根据权利要求1－3任一项的玻璃板，其中所述粘结层(2)具有0.30 mm－0.9 mm的厚度。
14.根据权利要求13的玻璃板，其中所述粘结层(2)具有0.50 mm－0.80 mm的厚度。
15.根据权利要求1－2任一项的玻璃板，其中所述发光颜料(2a)包括苯并吡喃类、萘并吡喃类、2H-萘并吡喃类、3H-萘并吡喃类、2H-菲并吡喃类、3H-菲并吡喃类、光致变色树脂、香豆素类、黄嘌呤类、萘二甲酸衍生物、噁唑类、均二苯乙烯类、苯乙烯类、苝类、镧系元素，和/或它们的混合物。
16.根据权利要求15的玻璃板，其中所述发光颜料(2a)包括Y2O3:Eu、YVO4:Tm、Y2O2S:Pr、Gd2O2S:Tb，和/或它们的混合物。
17.根据权利要求1－3任一项的玻璃板，其中板(1)具有1 mm－8 mm的厚度。
18.根据权利要求17的玻璃板，其中板(1)具有1.4 mm－2.5 mm的厚度。
19.根据权利要求1－3任一项的玻璃板，其中所述阻隔薄膜(2c)具有涂层(2e)。
20.根据权利要求19的玻璃板，其中所述阻隔薄膜(2c)具有金属涂层。
21.根据权利要求20的玻璃板，其中所述阻隔薄膜(2c)具有ZnO、Ag、In2O3、Ti、TiO2和/或AlN。
22.用于显示象形图、字符和/或数字的装置，其包含根据权利要求1－21的玻璃板和对准该玻璃板的光源(4)，其中光源(4)发射电磁辐射到该玻璃板上。
23.根据权利要求22的装置，其中光源(4)包括激光。
24.根据权利要求23的装置，其中光源(4)包括二极管激光器。
25.用于制造玻璃板的方法，其中
a. 将包含聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)或聚乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯(EVA)的热塑性薄膜（2b）和阻隔薄膜（2c）与抗刮擦涂层（2d）结合成为粘结层（2），
b．将发光颜料(2a)施加于粘结层（2）的热塑性薄膜(2b)上，其中所述发光颜料（2a）包含具有下式的对苯二甲酸羟烷基酯：R1-COO-P(OH)x(0-4)-COO-R2，其中R1、R2是具有1－10个C原子的烷基残基或烯丙基残基，P是苯环，OH为键接到该苯环上的羟基基团，以及x为键接到该苯环上的羟基基团的数目，并且其中所述热塑性薄膜包含0.1 g/m2－15g/m2的发光颜料，和
c. 将粘结层（2）在板(1)和层压板（3)之间层压，和
d．除去层压板（3）。
26.根据权利要求25的方法，其中所述对苯二甲酸羟烷基酯是2,5-二羟基对苯二甲酸二乙酯。
27.根据权利要求1－21任一项的玻璃板作为建筑、机动车、飞机和/或直升机中的平视显示器的用途。
28.根据权利要求1－21任一项的玻璃板作为机动车中的挡风玻璃或广告牌的用途。
CN201180043106.4A 2010-09-21 2011-08-22 作为平视显示器的玻璃板 Active CN103079811B (zh)

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EA201390427A1 (ru) 2013-08-30
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US20130242562A1 (en) 2013-09-19
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US9855727B2 (en) 2018-01-02
JP2013539741A (ja) 2013-10-28
JP5719441B2 (ja) 2015-05-20
US10562275B2 (en) 2020-02-18
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