CN103055287B - 一种治疗间质性肺疾病的中药组合物 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供的治疗间质性肺疾病的中药组合物,炙麻黄、桂枝共为君药。白芥子、干姜、桃仁、没药、豨莶草、桑枝共为臣药。五味子、白芍、半夏、款冬花、葶苈子、蜂房为佐药。炙甘草既可益气和中,又能调诸药,为佐而兼使。全方散中有收,通中有养,具有温肺散寒化饮,除湿散瘀通痹之效。现代医学表明,间质性肺疾病与中医的“肺痹”具有相似性与对应性。而“肺痹”从阳虚肺寒出发,属于五脏痹之一。因此间质性肺疾病从温肺、散寒、化饮、除湿、散瘀、通络论治符合中医学传统理论。本发明的中药组合物能去饮邪,除寒湿,通痹阻,抗炎及减少炎症损伤,促进炎症修复,抑制甚至逆转肺间质纤维化的发生,使间质性肺疾病得到控制,有效率为76%。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于中药技术领域,涉及一种治疗间质性肺疾病的中药组合物。
背景技术
间质性肺疾病(interstitial lung disease, ILD)是一组主要累及肺间质、肺泡和(或)细支气管的肺部弥漫性疾病,通常亦称作弥漫性实质性肺疾病(diffuseparenchymal lung disease, DPLD)。ILD并不是一种独立的疾病,它包括200多个病种。表现为渐进性劳力性气促、限制性通气功能障碍伴弥散功能降低、低氧血症和影像学上的双肺弥漫性病变。病程多缓慢进展,逐渐丧失肺泡-毛细血管功能单位,最终发展为弥漫性肺纤维化和蜂窝肺,导致呼吸功能衰竭而死亡。ILD为世界疑难病,呼吸致残率、死亡率高,发病率呈上升趋势。西医治疗的局限性和实施难度日渐突出,其中肺纤维化,世界尚无有效治疗药物,激素等治疗毒副反应大。鉴于目前国内、外尚无有效显著的治疗ILD的药物。发挥中药治疗疑难病的优势,开发有效中药新药显得尤为紧迫。
中医学对间质性肺疾病的认识:中医学对本病并没有明确记载,医家多从“喘证”“肺萎”“肺痹”等论治,以单味药物研究居多。发明人根据临床表现,总结中医各家的经验,认为“肺痹”与ILD的病理特点、临床症状、病情进展具有一定的相似性与对应性。从肺痹论治ILD,“肺痹”属于五脏痹之一。其或因为风寒湿邪外侵,痹着皮毛肌肤,经久不去,内归于肺,或阳气不足,肺中虚冷,寒湿内生,痹着于肺。寒湿痹着日久,损及肺络,血行不畅,留而为瘀,终成阳虚肺冷,肺络瘀阻之证。
研究历代中医学文献对本病的分类,有以病性为依据者,有以病因为依据者,治疗方法也各有不同。对于间质性肺疾病的治疗中未见经药理、毒理实验而确切有效、无毒副反应的中药方剂。
发明内容
为了有效治疗间质性肺疾病,本发明提供了一种治疗间质性肺疾病的中药组合物。适应治疗间质性肺疾病典型表现渐进性劳力性气促外,同时见因寒湿痹肺,饮邪滞留,而表现为咳喘气急,动则尤甚,痰白清稀,伴口唇紫绀,手足欠温,心胸憋闷,喘则汗出,舌质紫暗,舌下脉络迂曲色黑,脉浮弦或沉弦细等症状。
本发明提供的治疗间质性肺疾病的中药组合物的成分及质量配比如下:炙麻黄:桂枝:白芥子:干姜:桃仁:没药:豨莶草:桑枝:五味子:白芍:半夏:款冬花:葶苈子:蜂房:炙甘草为2:2:3:2:2:2:4:2:2:2:2:2:2:2:2。炙麻黄优选蜜炙麻黄。
本发明提供的一种治疗间质性肺疾病的中药组合物的方解如下:炙麻黄、桂枝相协为君药,炙麻黄、桂枝相协,能温肺散寒,既可宣发肺气而平喘咳,又能温经散寒除滞通痹,桂枝既能化气行水以利寒饮之化,又能温经通脉、散寒除痹。
干姜温中化饮,助炙麻黄、桂枝祛除里饮;白芥子温肺、利气、消痰、通络,尤善祛除滞于经络之痰湿;桃仁活血祛瘀,止咳平喘;没药活血散瘀,尤善散内脏瘀血;豨莶草、桑枝能通经活络,除湿通络,五药共助炙麻黄、桂枝以除肺络痹阻,与干姜共为臣药。
五味子敛肺止咳,白芍和营养血;二药与辛散化瘀之品相配,既可增强止咳平喘之功,又可制约诸药辛散温燥太过和解瘀伤血之痹;半夏燥湿化痰,款冬花止咳化痰,尤善止咳;葶苈子泻肺平喘,尤善痰涎壅盛之喘咳;蜂房祛风散结,上六味共为佐药。
炙甘草既可益气和中,又能调诸药,为佐药而兼使药。
本发明的组方合理,全方散中有收,通中有养,具有温肺散寒化饮,除湿散瘀通痹之效。本发明依据现代医学,表明间质性肺疾病的病理特点、临床症状、病情进展,与中医的“肺痹”具有一定的相似性与对应性。而“肺痹”从阳虚肺寒出发,属于五脏痹之一。因此,间质性肺疾病从温肺、散寒、化饮、除湿、散瘀、通络论治既符合中医学传统理论,又符合现代医学,是治疗间质性肺疾病的重要治法之一。
炙麻黄:性温,味辛、微苦。归肺、膀胱经。善于发汗解表,宣肺平喘,利水消肿。《本经》:炙麻黄“主中风、伤寒头痛,温疟。发表出汗,去邪热气,止咳逆上气,除寒热,破坚积聚。”
桂枝:性温,味辛、甘。归心、肺、膀胱经。善于散寒解表;温通经脉;通阳化气。《纲目》:“炙麻黄遍彻皮毛,故专于发汗而寒邪散,肺主皮毛,辛走肺也。桂枝透达营卫,故能解肌而风邪去,脾主营,肺主卫,甘走脾,辛走肺也。”同时现代药理研究,桂枝的挥发油部分由呼吸系统排出, 对呼吸道炎症有消炎作用。
白芥子:性热,味辛。归肺经。善于温肺豁痰利气,散结通络止痛。《本草纲目》:“白芥子辛能入肺,温能发散,故有利气豁痰、温中开胃、散痛消肿、辟恶之功。”
干姜:性热,味辛。归脾、胃、心、肺经。善于温中散寒,回阳通脉,燥湿消痰,温肺化饮。《本经》:干姜"主胸满咳逆上气,温中,止血,逐风湿痹,肠潞下痢。"同时现代药理研究,干姜的醚提取物和水提取物均有明显的抗炎作用。
桃仁:苦、甘,平。归心、肝、大肠经。善于活血祛瘀,润肠通便,止咳平喘。《用药心法》:“桃仁,苦以泄滞血,甘以生新血,故凝血须用。又去血中之热。”同时现代药理研究,桃仁中提取的苦扁桃甙,对血吸虫病性肝硬化家兔有降低肝胶原含量和汇管区纤维化作用.故用桃仁以选其抗纤维化作用。
没药:性平,味苦,辛。入肝、脾、心、肾经。善于散血去瘀,消肿定痛。《本草衍义》:“没药,大概通滞血,打扑损疼痛,皆以酒化服。血滞则气壅凝,气壅凝则经络满急,经络满急,故痛且肿。凡打扑着肌肉须肿胀者,经络伤,气血不行,壅凝,故如是。”现代药理研究,没药具有抗菌作用.其抗菌作用可能与所含丁香油酚有关。
豨莶草:性寒,味苦。归肝,肾经。善于祛风湿,利关节,解毒。《纲目》:豨莶草“治肝肾风气,四肢麻痹,骨痛膝弱,风湿诸疮。”现代药理研究:用蛋白热凝固法和大鼠脚肿法证明其有抗炎作用。豨莶草对细胞免疫和体液免疫都有抑制作用,对非特异性免疫亦有一定的抑制作用,同时具有抗菌作用。
桑枝:性平,味苦。入肺、肾二经。善于祛风湿,利关节,行水气。《本草再新》:桑枝"壮肺气,燥湿,滋肾水,通经,止咳除烦,消肿止痛。"
五味子:性温,味酸、甘。归肺、心、肾经。善于收敛固涩,益气生津,补肾宁心。《用药心法》:五味子“收肺气,补气不足,升也。酸以收逆气,肺寒气逆,则以此药与干姜同用治之。”
白芍:性凉,味苦、酸。入肝、脾经。善于养血柔肝,缓中止痛,敛阴收汗。《本经》:白芍“主邪气腹痛,除血痹,破坚积,治寒热疝瘕,止痛,利小便,益气。”
半夏: 性温,味辛。归脾、胃经。善于燥湿化痰,降逆止呕,消痞散结。《别录》:半夏“消心腹胸膈痰热满结,咳嗽上气,心下急痛坚痞,时气呕逆。”
款冬花:性温,味辛。归肺经。善于化痰止咳。有镇咳下气,润肺祛痰。《本经》:款冬花“主咳逆上气善喘,喉痹,诸惊痫,寒热邪气。”
葶苈子:性寒,味辛苦。归肺经、心经、肝经、胃经、膀胱经。 善于泻肺降气,祛痰平喘,利水消肿,泄逐邪。《药性论》:葶苈子“利小便,抽肺气上喘息急,止嗽。”
蜂房:性平,味甘。归胃经。善于祛风,攻毒,杀虫,止痛,抗过敏。现代研究表明,蜂房水提取液具有一定的抗炎作用,皮下注射蜂房水提取液5.0g/kg,其抗炎作用与氢化可的松50mg/kg相仿。
炙甘草:性平,味甘。归心、肺、脾、胃经。善于补脾益气,清热解毒,祛痰止咳,缓急止痛,调和诸药。《本草汇言》:“甘草,和中益气,补虚解毒之药也。健脾胃,固中气之虚羸,协阴阳,和不调之营卫。”
本发明提供的一种治疗间质性肺疾病的中药组合物,按配方,用已有的制备中药的技术制成颗粒剂、片剂或胶囊剂。
本发明提供的一种治疗间质性肺疾病的中药组合物的口服方法如下: 温开水冲服,20g/每次,每日3次,饭后口服。4周为1个疗程,一般治疗两个疗程。两个疗程中间休息2天,当然,也可以继续治疗。
未见不良反应。
禁忌:对中成药物过敏者禁用。风热患者、孕妇禁用;
疗效评定标准:参照《协和呼吸病学》(蔡柏蔷李龙芸主编,中国协和医科大学出版社2005年第一版P1134),制定疗效评定标准。
(1)显效:治疗后有下列两项以上符合者为显效。
a临床症状减轻尤其活动能力增加,咳嗽次数减少,咳嗽严重性减轻;
b 胸片或CT示肺部病变减少;
c 肺功能改善1项以上,FVC>10%或〉200mL;常规心肺功能试验后氧饱和度增加〉4个百分点,或PO2增加〉4mmHg。
(2)有效:治疗后有下列两项以上符合者为有效。
a临床症状减轻;
b肺功能改善FVC〈10%或〈200mL;
c常规心肺功能试验后氧饱和度无变化,或增加<4个百分点,或PO2增加<4mmHg。
(3)无效 :
a呼吸困难和咳嗽增加;
b胸片或CT示肺部病变增多或出现肺动脉高压;
c肺功能降低1项以上,降低FVC>10%或〉200mL;常规心肺功能试验后氧饱和度恶化〉4个百分点,或PO2降低〉4mmHg。
使用本发明提供的治疗间质性肺疾病的中药组合物治疗间质性肺疾病临床患者60例,其中,男39例,女21例;年龄33~75岁;病程3~50个月。
4周为1个疗程,共两个疗程。
按照上述疗效评定标准,显效率为10%;共6人,男4人,女2人;年龄33~60岁,病程3~12个月。
有效率为68.3%,共41人,男25人,女16人,年龄40~75岁,病程3~36个月。
无效率为21.7%;共13人,男 10人,女3人;年龄40~75岁,病程12~50个月。
有益效果:本发明提供的一种治疗间质性肺疾病的中药组合物,按君、臣、佐、使组方。炙麻黄、桂枝共为君药。白芥子、干姜、桃仁、没药、豨莶草、桑枝共为臣药。五味子、白芍、半夏、款冬花、葶苈子、蜂房为佐药。炙甘草既可益气和中,又能调诸药,为佐药而兼使药。本发明的组方合理,全方散中有收,通中有养,具有温肺散寒化饮,除湿散瘀通痹之效。现代医学表明,间质性肺疾病的病理特点、临床症状、病情进展,与中医的“肺痹”具有一定的相似性与对应性。而“肺痹”从阳虚肺寒出发,属于五脏痹之一。因此间质性肺疾病从温肺、散寒、化饮、除湿、散瘀、通络论治既符合中医学传统理论,是治疗间质性肺疾病的重要治法之一。本发明的中药组合物能够很好地去饮邪,除寒湿,通痹阻,抗炎及减少炎症损伤,促进炎症修复,抑制甚至逆转肺间质纤维化的发生,使间质性肺疾病得到控制。未见不良反应。本发明的中药组合物的总有效率为78.3%,是一种用于治疗间质性肺疾病的有效中药组合物。
具体实施方式
实施例1 一种治疗间质性肺疾病的中药组合物,其成分及质量配比为:蜜炙麻黄10g、桂枝10g、白芥子15g、干姜10g、桃仁10g、没药10g、豨莶草20g、桑枝10g、五味子10g、白芍10g、法半夏10g、款冬花10g、葶苈子10g、蜂房10g、炙甘草10g。
一种治疗间质性肺疾病的中药组合物,按配方,用已有的制备中药的技术制成颗粒剂、片剂或胶囊剂。
一种治疗间质性肺疾病的中药组合物的口服方法如下: 温开水冲服,20g/每次,每日3次,饭后口服。4周为1个疗程,一般治疗两个疗程。两个疗程中间休息2天,当然,也可以继续治疗。
未见不良反应。
禁忌:对中成药物过敏者禁用。风热患者、孕妇禁用;
疗效评定标准:参照《协和呼吸病学》(蔡柏蔷李龙芸主编,中国协和医科大学出版社2005年第一版P1134),制定疗效评定标准。
(1)显效:治疗后有下列两项以上符合者为显效。
a临床症状减轻尤其活动能力增加,咳嗽次数减少,咳嗽严重性减轻;
b 胸片或CT示肺部病变减少;
c 肺功能改善1项以上,FVC>10%或〉200mL;常规心肺功能试验后氧饱和度增加〉4个百分点,或PO2增加〉4mmHg。
(2)有效:治疗后有下列两项以上符合者为有效。
a临床症状减轻;
b肺功能改善FVC〈10%或〈200mL;
c常规心肺功能试验后氧饱和度无变化,或增加<4个百分点,或PO2增加<4mmHg。
(3)无效 :
a呼吸困难和咳嗽增加;
b胸片或CT示肺部病变增多或出现肺动脉高压;
c肺功能降低1项以上,降低FVC>10%或〉200mL;常规心肺功能试验后氧饱和度恶化〉4个百分点,或PO2降低〉4mmHg。
Claims (2)
1.一种治疗间质性肺疾病的中药组合物,其特征在于成分及质量配比为:炙麻黄:桂枝:白芥子:干姜:桃仁:没药:豨莶草:桑枝:五味子:白芍:法半夏:款冬花:葶苈子:蜂房:炙甘草为2:2:3:2:2:2:4:2:2:2:2:2:2:2:2。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种治疗间质性肺疾病的中药组合物,其特征在于,其成分及质量为:蜜炙麻黄10g、桂枝10g、白芥子15g、干姜10g、桃仁10g、没药10g、豨莶草20g、桑枝10g、五味子10g、白芍10g、法半夏10g、款冬花10g、葶苈子10g、蜂房10g、炙甘草10g。
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