CN106421335A - 一种治疗慢性咽炎的复方药物 - Google Patents

一种治疗慢性咽炎的复方药物 Download PDF

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CN106421335A
CN106421335A CN201610755871.3A CN201610755871A CN106421335A CN 106421335 A CN106421335 A CN 106421335A CN 201610755871 A CN201610755871 A CN 201610755871A CN 106421335 A CN106421335 A CN 106421335A
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parts
radix
flos
compound medicine
fructus
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张诏
孙琳
李成刚
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种治疗慢性咽炎的复方药物,由以下重量份的原料药组成:生地黄15‑30份、玄参15‑24份、麦冬15‑30份、当归9‑15份、桃仁9‑12份、红花6‑15份、僵蚕6‑12份、蝉蜕6‑12份、桔梗9‑24份、生甘草/甘草6‑12份和连翘12‑15份,以及赤芍15‑30份、片姜黄3‑9份、生大黄3‑9份、酒大黄3‑9份、双花15‑30份、金莲花6‑15份和诃子6‑12份中的一种或几种。本发明的药物组分少、疗效显著、副作用小,具有效果好,药味少,生物利用度高,安全可靠等优点,是安全无毒、疗效确切的治疗慢性咽炎之有效良方。

Description

一种治疗慢性咽炎的复方药物
技术领域
本发明属于中药领域,涉及一种治疗慢性咽炎的复方药物。
背景技术
慢性咽炎是一种咽部黏膜、黏膜下及淋巴组织的弥漫性炎症,是耳鼻咽喉科常见病和多发病,病程长,症状顽固且易反复发作。其临床常表现为:咽干,咽紧,咽痒,咽部异物感,咽部灼热疼痛,咽部不适,刺激性咳嗽等症状。是一种缠绵难愈且容易反复发作的慢性咽部疾病。给患者的生活、工作和学习带来了极大的影响。据统计其发病率在农村人口中占咽部疾病的 5.5%,在城镇人口中占 10 — 20%,而且由于近年来气候的变化,空气污染的加重及饮食结构的变化,人们生活水平的提高,精神压力的日益增大及生活方式的改变,本病的发病率有逐渐上升的趋势。因此对慢性咽炎防治的研究日显迫切。当前治疗方法有各种含片含服,咽部涂抹碘甘油,咽部黏膜下局部抗生素、激素等药物封闭,抗生素、激素等药物超声雾,微波、超短波理疗,漱口液含漱,甚至运用冷冻、微波、激光、低温等离子射频消融术等破坏咽部粘膜的疗法。虽可能暂时缓解患者的局部症状,在短期内有一定的疗效,但其远期疗效尚不满意,慢性咽炎亦属于“不易治愈的慢性疾病”。中医药作为慢性咽炎的非替代治疗具有独特优势在,减轻患者咽部不适,提高生活质量等方面均有相当的优势,并逐渐得到国内外医学界的认同。前有关传统医药临床治疗慢性咽炎的研究主要局限于单一方药的临床报道、用药经验的总结和一些文献的综述,尚缺乏对传统医药治疗慢性咽炎作用机理的进一步研究。
发明内容
本发明为了克服以上不足,提供了一种药物组分少、疗效显著、副作用小的治疗慢性咽炎的复方药物。
本发明技术方案如下
一种治疗慢性咽炎的复方药物,由以下重量份的原料药组成:生地黄15-30份、玄参15-24份、麦冬15-30份、当归9-15份、桃仁9-12份、红花6-15份、僵蚕6-12份、蝉蜕6-12份、桔梗9-24份、生甘草/甘草6-12份和连翘12-15份,以及赤芍15-30份、片姜黄3-9份、生大黄3-9份、酒大黄3-9份、双花15-30份、金莲花6-15份和诃子6-12份中的一种或几种。
上述治疗慢性咽炎的复方药物,优选以下重量份的原料药组成:生地黄15-30份、玄参15-24份、麦冬15-30份、当归9-15份、赤芍15-30份、桃仁9-12份、红花6-15份、僵蚕6-12份、蝉蜕6-12份、片姜黄3-9份、生大黄3-9份、桔梗9-24份、生甘草6-12份、双花15-30份、连翘12-15份、金莲花6-15份、诃子6-12份。
所述的原料药进一步优选:生地黄15份、玄参15份、麦冬15份、当归15份、赤芍30份、桃仁12份、红花12份、僵蚕12份、蝉蜕9份、片姜黄9份、生大黄6份、桔梗15份、生甘草9份、双花24份、连翘12份、金莲花6份、诃子9份。
一种治疗慢性咽炎的复方药物,在上述原料药组成基础上,可进一步地增加下述原料药,按重量份为:川贝6-12 份、前胡9-15份、天花粉15-30份、蒲公英24-30份、牛蒡子12-25份、炒枳壳6-12份、木蝴蝶12-24份、薄荷6-12份、嫩柴胡12-30份、紫苏叶9-18份、法半夏6-12份、茯苓24-48份,熟大黄6-12份,陈皮12-24份、香附12-30份、百合15-24份、郁金9-18份、炒地龙3-9份、淮小麦60-90份和大枣5枚中的一种或几种。
本发明上述治疗慢性咽炎的复方药物,水煎服,日一剂,早晚各服一次。
本发明治疗慢性咽炎的复方药物还可以制成胶囊剂服用,其制备方法,步骤包括:
1)取红花、双花、金莲花和绿萼梅,粉碎后混合,加入药材2倍体积的水,浸泡2h,过滤,得滤液A,滤渣按1-2%质量浓度的添加量加入乳化剂 T-20,然后采用水蒸气蒸馏法,用挥发油提取器提取6h,得提取物,剩余固体以体积浓度85%的乙醇水溶液,70℃浸提3-4h,每隔0.5h超声5min,过滤,滤液与滤液A和提取物合并,浓缩至相对密度为1.25,得浓缩液;
2)配方中其余原料药,加入药材2倍体积的水,浸泡4h,破碎打浆,过100目筛,按照原料药质量1-2%的添加量加入纤维素酶,50℃酶解1h,将料液升温到95~98℃,保持30min,加入550-650体积份的水,煎煮20-40min,浓缩至相对密度为1.25,加入体积浓度80%的乙醇,醇沉24h,取上清液,回收乙醇,浓缩至相对密度为1.15,加入1-2%质量浓度的大豆卵磷脂,得浸膏;
3) 浓缩液和浸膏混合,70℃干燥,磨粉过120目筛,50℃干燥至恒重,装入胶囊,每粒胶囊含药量0.5g,制得胶囊剂。
慢性咽炎属祖国传统医学“喉痹”的范畴。其病位在咽部,脏腑阴虚为本病的主要病因病机,且主要与肺、肝、脾、肾等脏有关。认为肺、肾阴虚,水不制火,相火妄动,虚火上炎,循经熏蒸咽喉,咽喉失于津液的濡养而发病或肝郁乘脾,脾胃虚弱,水谷精微化生不足,津液不能上承,咽喉失于濡养而发病,或热毒邪侵袭咽喉,日久炼液为痰,痰热内盛,病久入络成瘀,痰瘀互结,蕴积咽部及经络,致咽部气血运行不畅,咽喉失于濡养的发病机理,结合临床经验,采用清热化痰、活血化瘀、解毒利咽的治法,研制出的临床用于治疗慢性咽炎的中药复方制剂。
本发明组方治则为凉血活血,润燥开喑。适用于咽喉肿痛,或疼痛不明显,病程较长,反复发作,局部色瘀暗,或有声音嘶哑,伴有大便偏干,舌质红绛,或瘀暗,或有瘀斑瘀点,舌苔薄黄,脉弦细。方中生地黄、玄参、麦冬凉血滋阴,清热生津,当归、赤芍、桃仁、红花、片姜黄活血化瘀,以防热与血结清热生津,金银花、连翘、金莲花养阴清热、解毒利咽,促使热毒外透而解,肿退热消,桔梗、蝉衣、僵蚕、诃子化痰散结,利咽开音,以治咽部痰气瘀阻,配以生大黄泻热解毒,凉血活血,甘草解毒祛痰,调和诸药,诸药相伍,共奏化瘀消肿,解毒散结之效。
具体实施方式
下面通过临床、具体实施例来说明本发明治疗慢性咽炎的复方药物的有益效果。
1.临床研究
诊断标准:参照《中华人民共和国中医药行业标准中医病证疗效标准》、高等中医药院校教材《中医耳鼻咽喉科学》(新世纪第二版和国家卫生部颁布的《中药新药临床研究指导原则》中的诊断标准,以及咽部损害的轻重分级标准。
治疗方法:选取慢性咽炎患者随机分为5组,对照组1组、对照组2组、对照组3组,治疗组1组、治疗组2组
对照组1服用:地塞米松庆大霉素的混合液;
对照组2组服用药方:生地黄15g、玄参15g、麦冬15g、僵蚕12g、蝉蜕9g、片姜黄9g、生大黄6g、桔梗15g、生甘草9g、双花24g、连翘12g、金莲花6g、诃子9g;
对照3组服用药方:生地黄15g、玄参15g、麦冬15g、当归15g、赤芍30g、桃仁12g、红花12g、生大黄6g、桔梗15g、生甘草9g、双花24g、连翘12g、金莲花6g;
治疗组1、治疗组2分别服用本发明下述高剂量组和实施低剂量组的药物。参照《中华人民共和国中医药行业标准中医病证诊断疗效标准》和《中药新药临床研究指导原则》评定治疗结果。结果见表1。
高剂量组,原料药重量份组成为:生地黄30g、玄参24g、麦冬30g、当归15g、赤芍30g、桃仁12g、红花15g、僵蚕12g、蝉蜕12g 、片姜黄9g、生大黄9g、桔梗24g、生甘草12g、双花30g、连翘15g、金莲花15g、诃子12g;
低剂量组,原料药重量份组成为:生地黄15g、玄参15g、麦冬15g、当归9g、赤芍15g、桃仁9g、红花6g、僵蚕6g、蝉蜕6g、片姜黄3g、生大黄3g、桔梗9g、生甘草6g、双花15g、连翘12g、金莲花6g、诃子6g。
高剂量组和实施低剂量组的药物为胶囊剂,制备方法为:
1)取红花、双花和金莲花,粉碎后混合,加入药材2倍体积的水,浸泡2h,过滤,得滤液A,滤渣按1-2%质量浓度的添加量加入乳化剂 T-20,然后采用水蒸气蒸馏法,用挥发油提取器提取6h,得提取物,剩余固体以体积浓度85%的乙醇水溶液,70℃浸提3-4h,每隔0.5h超声5min,过滤,滤液与滤液A和提取物合并,浓缩至相对密度为1.25,得浓缩液;
2)配方中其余原料药,加入药材2倍体积的水,浸泡4h,破碎打浆,过100目筛,按照原料药质量1-2%的添加量加入纤维素酶,50℃酶解1h,将料液升温到95~98℃,保持30min,加入550-650体积份的水,煎煮20-40min,浓缩至相对密度为1.25,加入体积浓度80%的乙醇,醇沉24h,取上清液,回收乙醇,浓缩至相对密度为1.15,加入1-2%质量浓度的大豆卵磷脂,得浸膏;
3) 浓缩液和浸膏混合,70℃干燥,磨粉过120目筛,50℃干燥至恒重,装入胶囊,每粒胶囊含药量0.5g,制得胶囊剂。
表1 治疗前后慢性咽炎疗效的分析
结果显示:5组疗效比较:对照组1的12例中,显效7例,有效3例,无效2例,总有效率为67%;:对照组2的20例中,显效10例,有效5例,无效5例,总有效率为75%;对照组2的20例中,显效12例,有效4例,无效4例,总有效率为80%;治疗组2的20例中,显效15例,有效3例,无效2例,总有效率为90%。治疗组1的21例中,显效14例,有效4例,无效3例,总有效率为86%。两个治疗组与对照组比较,P<0.05。
患者症状缓解情况观察:对照组1的患者,咽喉痒明显,但是咽部晨起干,仍有干呕的现象,而且用药后缓解,停药复发,疗效一般。对照2组患者咽喉部痒、干症状明显改善,晨起恶心的感觉也有所减轻,但是患者的喉头部水肿明显,易反复。对照3组的患者咽喉部痒有所缓解,但是咽干情况缓解不明显,患者的喉头部水肿,咽红的症状明显改善,患者晨起恶心的症状也缓解少。治疗后患者上述症状发作次数明显减少。治疗组1的患者,咽部干痒明显减轻,吐痰量少,痰较前稀少,晨起恶心症状减轻,但晨起仍稍有干痒不适,咽喉部红肿减轻,咽部异物感服药消失,几日来未有反复。疗效患者满意。治疗组2的患者,上述效果均好于治疗组1的患者,特别是在用药7天、9天、7天时,都显示出更好的疗效。
典型病例1
赵某,48岁,男,企业职工。2014年10月30日初诊。
主诉:咽部有不适感反复发作10余年,加重1周。
患者10余年来,常有咽部不适感,每遇上感、多言等因素加重。1周前因活动后大量汗出,受风,遂出现发热(T:38.9℃),恶寒,咽痛,无鼻塞流涕,于社区诊所静脉注射退烧针后热退(具体用药不详),后自行服用蒲地兰消炎片3天,咽痛无改善,又出现咳嗽,咳黄痰等症状,服用中草药(具体药物不详)后,咽痛较前好转,咳嗽,咳痰症状未见明显好转,现患者咽部隐痛不适,干痒,吞咽时隐痛加重,无声音嘶哑,伴咳嗽,晨起明显,咳声重浊,咯少量白稠痰,查体示:咽部暗红,扁桃体Ⅰ度肿大,咽后壁淋巴滤泡密集。患者有吸烟史20余年。平素咽部不适,干痒,晨起咯痰,刷牙易干呕。现无腹痛,饭后腹胀,纳一般,眠差,大便干,小便调。舌暗红,苔色黄而晦暗,脉弦细数。
诊断:慢性咽炎
上感
中医诊断:虚火喉痹
治法:养阴清热,解毒利咽,化瘀散结。
服用本发明复方药物,组成为:生地黄15g、玄参24g、麦冬24g、当归12g、赤芍15g、桃仁12g、红花12g、僵蚕12g、蝉蜕6g、片姜黄6g、生大黄6g(后入)、桔梗15g、生甘草9g、双花24g、连翘12g、金莲花6g、诃子3g、川贝6g、前胡9g。予7剂水煎服日一剂。
二诊: 2014年11月6日
患者自述,服上方药物后,咳嗽已止,咽部痛痒明显减轻,但仍有一定程度咽干。查体:咽部红肿明显减轻,后壁仍有滤泡。上方减川贝、前胡、片姜黄,改麦冬为30g,加天花粉15g,继服7剂,痊愈。
典型病例2:
邓某,男,36岁,公务员。2011年3月10日初诊。
主诉:咽喉部疼痛剧烈5天。
患者5天前进食辛辣食物后,出现咽喉疼痛不适,未做处理;1天后咽痛加重,并伴有低热,体温38.2℃,咯少量黄痰质稠,自行服用阿莫西林,扑热息痛等药物,体温恢复正常,咽部疼痛仍剧。现患者咽部疼痛剧烈,饮水吞咽食物困难,体温正常,胸闷心烦,无气短,眠差,纳一般,大便干,约2日一次,小便色黄。
查体:咽部红肿充血,双侧扁桃体肿大,有散在疱疹;舌红苔黄,脉数。
喉纤维镜显示:咽红,扁桃体3度肿大,咽喉部淋巴结增生,会厌充血,声带闭合佳。
西医诊断:急性咽炎
扁桃体炎
中医诊断:喉痹
乳娥
治法:清热泻火,解毒散结,化瘀生津
服用本发明复方药物,组成为:生地黄15g、玄参15g、麦冬15g、当归9g、赤芍15g 、桃仁10g 、红花10g、僵蚕9g、蝉蜕6g、片姜黄6g、生大黄9g,桔梗18g,生甘草9g,双花30g,连翘15g,金莲花9g,诃子3g、蒲公英24g、牛蒡子12g、炒枳壳6g。予7剂,水煎服,日一剂。
2011年3月17日复诊。
服上方后,胸闷消失,咽痛显著减轻,大便日2次,偏稀。扁桃体2度肿大,较前明显减小。舌红,苔白黄,脉略数。
上方减炒枳壳,改双花为24g。继服5剂。痊愈。
典型病例3
朱某,女,34岁,小学教师。2014年11月3日初诊。
咽部干痒不适10余年,加重1周。
患者有慢性咽炎病史10余年。自述因近一周内,用嗓过度,加之雾霾天气等原因,逐渐出现声音嘶哑,咽部干痒不适,咽部无明显疼痛,无其他不适。自服金嗓子含片后,未见好转。现症见咽喉干痒不适,声音沙哑,语音低微,无明显咳嗽,咳痰,口干,饮水量多,平素咽喉部干痒等症状,每因情绪不畅、紧张加重,自觉喉间有异物感。眠差,纳差,大便可,小便量少,舌暗红,苔黄腻,有剥脱,根部略厚,左脉细数略涩。
查体:咽喉部红肿,扁桃体略肿大。喉镜示:鼻咽粘膜光滑,色暗红,扁桃体Ⅰ度肿大,双侧咽阴窝对称,会厌未见异常,双侧声带充血,无结节。
西医诊断:慢性咽炎
中医诊断:喉痹
梅核气
治法:养阴清热,化瘀散结,理气开喑
服用本发明复方药物,组成为:生地黄15g、玄参24g、麦冬24g、当归尾9g、赤芍24g、桃仁12g、红花12g、僵蚕9g、蝉蜕9g、片姜黄6g、生大黄6g、桔梗12g、生甘草6g、双花15g、连翘15g、金莲花12g、诃子9g、木蝴蝶12g 、薄荷6g(后入)、嫩柴胡12g、紫苏叶9g、法半夏6g。予15剂水煎服,日一剂。
二诊:2014年11月17日
患者自述服上方后,咽部干痒明显减轻,但晨起仍稍有干痒不适,咽部异物感服药10剂后即消失,几日来未有反复。疗效患者满意。
上方加茯苓24g,熟大黄6g,牛蒡子12g,陈皮12g,改为丸剂,制成水丸,每次10g,日2次,予以巩固疗效。随访6个月,未见复发。
典型病例4
李某,女,46岁,家庭主妇。2012年12月10日初诊。
咽部堵塞感3年余,每因情志刺激诱发加重。
患者3年前因为精神过度紧张,出现咽喉部有堵塞感,自述如有物阻于咽喉部,吐之不出,咽之不下。每因忧郁、悲伤、恼怒等精神刺激诱发加重,呈发作性,严重时,堵塞感明显,患者甚至抓挠颈部咽喉外皮肤,并伴有烦躁异常。予某省武警医院,诊为慢性咽炎。予咽部局部激光及药物治疗(具体不详),效果不佳。病人痛苦异常,四处求治,均未获明显效果,遂来我院就诊。刻下证见:咽部堵塞感明显,发作时堵塞感加重,咽痒异常,常抓挠局部,可见颈部抓痕。平素痰多,色白质稀,常胸闷,善太息,情绪急躁易怒,口苦,纳可,睡眠较差,二便调。
查体示:咽部轻度红肿,色暗红,咽后壁有少量滤泡。舌质红,苔白腻,右脉滑数,左脉弦滑有力。喉镜示:咽红,扁桃体Ⅰ度肿大,咽喉部淋巴结轻度增生,舌根滤泡增生,双侧声带未见异常。
西医诊断:慢性咽炎
神经官能症
中医诊断:梅核气
喉痹
治法:疏肝化瘀,理气散结,润燥养阴
服用本发明复方药物,组成为:生地黄15g、玄参15g、麦冬30g、全当归12g、赤芍15g、桃仁12g、红花12g、僵蚕12g、蝉蜕6g、片姜黄6g、酒大黄6g、桔梗12g、甘草9g、双花24g、连翘15g、金莲花6g、诃子9g、炒枳壳6g、香附12g、百合15g、郁金9g、炒地龙3g。上方10剂水煎,日1剂。
并嘱家属予以心理疏导,适当增加户外活动,舒畅心情。
二诊:2012年12月21日复诊
自述服上方3剂后,堵塞感开始减轻,服至7剂时,堵塞感基本消失,心情亦即转好。患者信心大增,主动要求继续服药。
在一诊处方基础上,加淮小麦60g,煎药时加大枣5枚。继服10剂。
三诊:2012年12月31日复诊
自述服上方后,心情舒畅,咽部堵塞感完全消失。喉镜检查:局部无明显充血,未见淋巴结增生。病告痊愈,随访1年未见复发。
多年经验及临床试验均未发现毒副反应,因此,本发明的药物是安全无毒、疗效确切的治疗慢性咽炎之有效良方。
本发明的药物具有效果好,药味少,生物利用度高,安全可靠等优点。

Claims (7)

1.一种治疗慢性咽炎的复方药物,其特征在于,由以下重量份的原料药组成:生地黄15-30份、玄参15-24份、麦冬15-30份、当归9-15份、桃仁9-12份、红花6-15份、僵蚕6-12份、蝉蜕6-12份、桔梗9-24份、生甘草/甘草6-12份和连翘12-15份,以及赤芍15-30份、片姜黄3-9份、生大黄3-9份、酒大黄3-9份、双花15-30份、金莲花6-15份和诃子6-12份中的一种或几种。
2.根据权利要求1所述的复方药物,其特征在于,所述的原料药为:生地黄15-30份、玄参15-24份、麦冬15-30份、当归9-15份、赤芍15-30份、桃仁9-12份、红花6-15份、僵蚕6-12份、蝉蜕6-12份、片姜黄3-9份、生大黄3-9份、桔梗9-24份、生甘草6-12份、双花15-30份、连翘12-15份、金莲花6-15份、诃子6-12份。
3.根据权利要求2所述的复方药物,其特征在于,所述的原料药为:生地黄15份、玄参15份、麦冬15份、当归15份、赤芍30份、桃仁12份、红花12份、僵蚕12份、蝉蜕9份、片姜黄9份、生大黄6份、桔梗15份、生甘草9份、双花24份、连翘12份、金莲花6份、诃子9份。
4.根据权利要求2所述的复方药物,其特征在于,所述的原料药为:生地黄30份、玄参24份、麦冬30份、当归9份、赤芍18份、桃仁9份、红花9份、僵蚕9份、蝉蜕6份、片姜黄6份、生大黄3份、桔梗18份、生甘草9份、双花18份、连翘12份、金莲花9份、诃子6份。
5.根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的复方药物,其特征在于:水煎服,每日一剂,早晚服用。
6.根据权利要求2所述的复方药物,其特征在于,可以制成胶囊剂服用,其制备方法,步骤包括:
1)取红花、双花和金莲花,粉碎后混合,加入药材2倍体积的水,浸泡2h,过滤,得滤液A,滤渣按1-2%质量浓度的添加量加入乳化剂 T-20,然后采用水蒸气蒸馏法,用挥发油提取器提取6h,得提取物,剩余固体以体积浓度85%的乙醇水溶液,70℃浸提3-4h,每隔0.5h超声5min,过滤,滤液与滤液A和提取物合并,浓缩至相对密度为1.25,得浓缩液;
2)配方中其余原料药,加入药材2倍体积的水,浸泡4h,破碎打浆,过100目筛,按照原料药质量1-2%的添加量加入纤维素酶,50℃酶解1h,将料液升温到95~98℃,保持30min,加入550-650体积份的水,煎煮20-40min,浓缩至相对密度为1.25,加入体积浓度80%的乙醇,醇沉24h,取上清液,回收乙醇,浓缩至相对密度为1.15,加入1-2%质量浓度的大豆卵磷脂,得浸膏;
3) 浓缩液和浸膏混合,70℃干燥,磨粉过120目筛,50℃干燥至恒重,装入胶囊,每粒胶囊含药量0.5g,制得胶囊剂。
7.一种治疗慢性咽炎的复方药物,其特征在于:在权利要求1所述原料药组成基础上,进一步增加下述原料药,按重量份为:川贝6-12 份、前胡9-15份、天花粉15-30份、蒲公英24-30份、牛蒡子12-25份、炒枳壳6-12份、木蝴蝶12-24份、薄荷6-12份、嫩柴胡12-30份、紫苏叶9-18份、法半夏6-12份、茯苓24-48份,熟大黄6-12份,陈皮12-24份、香附12-30份、百合15-24份、郁金9-18份、炒地龙3-9份、淮小麦60-90份和大枣5枚中的一种或几种。
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