CN103028459B - 安全气动破碎机 - Google Patents

安全气动破碎机 Download PDF

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CN103028459B
CN103028459B CN201210576523.1A CN201210576523A CN103028459B CN 103028459 B CN103028459 B CN 103028459B CN 201210576523 A CN201210576523 A CN 201210576523A CN 103028459 B CN103028459 B CN 103028459B
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CN103028459A (zh
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李永胜
陈茹
王维林
何小宏
张永民
李致宇
魏引兰
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Shandong Tianrui Heavy Industry Co Ltd
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Weifang Tianrui Heavy Industry Drillong Machinery Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种安全气动破碎机,包括气缸,气缸的前端安装有可用来安装镐钎的卡钎器,气缸的后端安装有手柄,气缸内设有气腔,在气腔内设有用来锤击镐钎的锤体,锤体与气腔壁之间密封滑动连接;所述锤体将气腔间隔成气缸后腔和气缸前腔,气缸内设有与气腔平行的第二通气孔,气缸上靠近后端的位置设有进气联接管,进气联接管与第二通气孔之间通过被动式球阀组连通;气缸上靠近前端的位置设有控制第二通气孔和气缸前腔之间连通的整机开关自动控制球阀,操作时,破碎机钎杆与被破碎体或冲击体接触时钎杆钎尾部后移自动顶开球阀,破碎机便开始工作。停止时,只要与破碎体或冲击体分离,破碎机便停止工作,提高了安全性能。

Description

安全气动破碎机
技术领域  
本发明涉及一种矿山、工程机械用的气动破碎机,具体的说涉及一种方便于高空作业和工程机械领域的拆装及修配的安全气动破碎机。
背景技术  
气动破碎机可用在煤矿中采煤,刨柱脚坑、开水沟;开采软岩石;建筑工程中破碎混凝土、破冰;机械工业中需要产生冲击的场合,如拖拉机、坦克履带销钉的装卸等。其工作原理是:压缩空气通过控制阀轮流将压缩气分配到破碎锤气缸的前后腔,使锤体往复运动冲击破碎钎杆的尾部,使其进入岩石或矿层中分裂成块。现有的气动破碎机主要应用在地面上,不适宜高空作业;内部设置的配气阀组结构复杂,加工难度大生产效率低,阀组故障率也高。随着现代工程高效高质量的要求,在高空中需要破碎的辅助工程量也逐步地增多,在工程机械的拆装和修配中需要轻巧便利的破碎机也成趋势。
发明内容   
本发明要解决的问题是提供一种方便于高空作业和工程机械领域的拆装及修配的安全气动破碎机。 
为了解决上述问题,本发明采用以下技术方案:
一种安全气动破碎机,包括气缸,气缸的前端安装有可用来安装镐钎的卡钎器,气缸的后端安装有手柄,气缸内设有气腔,在气腔内设有用来锤击镐钎的锤体,锤体与气腔壁之间密封滑动连接; 
所述锤体将气腔间隔成气缸后腔和气缸前腔。
气缸内设有与气腔平行的第二通气孔,气缸上靠近后端的位置设有进气联接管,进气联接管与第二通气孔之间通过被动式球阀组连通;
气缸上靠近前端的位置设有控制第二通气孔和气缸前腔之间连通的整机开关自动控制球阀。
以下是本发明对上述方案的进一步优化:第二通气孔通过第四斜孔与整机开关自动控制球阀连通。
进一步优化:气缸前腔通过第三斜孔与整机开关自动控制球阀连通。
进一步优化:所述气缸的中间位置的壳壁上设有分别与气腔连通的第一排气口和第二排气口,第一排气口和第二排气口前后间隔一定距离。
进一步优化:第一排气口和第二排气口的外部安装有排气罩。
进一步优化:所述被动式球阀组包括设置在进气联接管与第二通气孔之间的阀座,所述阀座内安装有球阀,所述阀座的一侧连接有阀盖,气缸上靠近阀盖的位置设有导气套,所述导气套与气缸之间形成气室,在导气套上设有连通阀盖和气室的第二斜孔。
进一步优化:所述气缸上设有连通气室和气缸后腔的第一斜孔。
本发明采用上述方案,当未插入镐钎且与被破碎体未接触时整机自动控制球阀组没有开启,机器不工作。
当镐钎装备就绪并接触到被破碎体整机自动控制球阀组打开,此时进入气缸后腔的压缩气推动锤体锤击镐钎。
当锤体的后端越过第一排气口时,气缸后腔与大气接通,锤体在惯性的作用下继续向前运动,随之气缸前腔的背压逐渐增大,气缸前腔的背压经第三斜孔、第四斜孔和第二通气孔并通过第一通气孔将球阀向后推,从气源来的压缩气开始进入气缸前腔,气缸前腔压力增大推动锤体后移。
当锤体后端越过第二排气口时,气缸前腔与大气接通。锤体在惯性的作用下继续后移,气缸后腔的背压增大,压缩气体通过第一斜孔和第二斜孔进入阀座,将球阀下压,将通往气缸前腔的压缩气切断而与气缸后腔接通,锤体 开始冲程。锤体就是这样的往复运动,形成破碎。
本发明实施例中,锤体往复运动阀采用结构简单的被动式球阀控制。这种结构的特点是控制阀的使用寿命长、维修非常简单方便,重量轻。
本发明的开启及关闭采用自动式球阀控制,操作时,破碎机钎杆与被破碎体或冲击体接触时钎杆钎尾部后移自动顶开球阀,破碎机便开始工作。停止时,只要与破碎体或冲击体分离,破碎机便停止工作,提高了安全性能。
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
附图说明  
附图1是本发明实施例的结构示意图;
附图2为附图1的侧视图;
附图3为附图2中的A-A向剖视图。
图中:1-气缸;2-进气联接管;3-排气罩;4-锤体;5-整机开关自动控制球阀;6-阀座;7-阀盖;8-球阀;9-导气套;10-镐钎;11-手柄;12-卡钎器;A-第一排气口;B-第二排气口;C-第一通气孔;D-气室;E-第一斜孔;F-第二斜孔;G-第二通气孔;H-第三斜孔;I-第四斜孔;M-气缸后腔;N-气缸前腔。
具体实施方式
实施例,如图1、图3所示,一种安全气动破碎机,包括气缸1,气缸1的前端安装有可用来安装镐钎10的卡钎器12,气缸1的后端安装有手柄11。手柄11的中间设计为圆弧形,操作时手感舒适,不易疲劳。
气缸1内设有气腔,在气腔内设有用来锤击镐钎10的锤体4,锤体4与气腔壁之间密封滑动连接。
所述锤体4的两端都经过热处理,可冲击钎杆,使用寿命长,装配无正反方向。
所述锤体4将气腔间隔成气缸后腔M和气缸前腔N。
气缸1内设有与气腔平行的第二通气孔G,气缸1上靠近后端的位置设有进气联接管2,进气联接管2与第二通气孔G之间通过被动式球阀8组连通。
气缸1上靠近前端的位置设有控制第二通气孔G和气缸前腔N之间连通的整机开关自动控制球阀5。
第二通气孔G通过第四斜孔I与整机开关自动控制球阀5连通;
气缸前腔N通过第三斜孔H与整机开关自动控制球阀5连通;
所述气缸1的中间位置的壳壁上设有分别与气腔连通的第一排气口A和第二排气口B,第一排气口A和第二排气口B前后间隔一定距离。
第一排气口A和第二排气口B的外部安装有排气罩3。排气罩3可根据操作者的方便来改变排气方向。
如图2、图3所示,所述被动式球阀8组包括设置在进气联接管2与第二通气孔G之间的阀座6,所述阀座6内安装有球阀8,所述阀座6的一侧连接有阀盖7,气缸1上靠近阀盖7的位置设有导气套9,所述导气套9与气缸1之间形成气室D,在导气套9上设有连通阀盖7和气室D的第二斜孔F。
如图1所示,所述气缸1上设有连通气室D和气缸后腔M的第一斜孔E。
工作时,从气源来的压缩气通过进气联接管2进入阀组部件中,通过球阀8与阀座6间的间隙进入阀盖7,再通过导气套9上的第二斜孔F进入到气室D中,然后通过第一斜孔E就进入到气缸后腔M中。
本发明采用上述方案,当未插入镐钎10且与被破碎体未接触时整机自动控制球阀组没有开启,机器不工作。
当镐钎10装备就绪并接触到被破碎体整机自动控制球阀组打开,此时进入气缸后腔M的压缩气推动锤体4锤击镐钎10。
当锤体4的后端越过第一排气口A时,气缸后腔M与大气接通,锤体4在惯性的作用下继续向前运动,随之气缸前腔N的背压逐渐增大,气缸前腔N的背压经第三斜孔H、第四斜孔I和第二通气孔G并通过第一通气孔C将球阀8向后推,从气源来的压缩气开始进入气缸前腔N,气缸前腔N压力增大推动锤体4后移。
当锤体4后端越过第二排气口B时,气缸前腔N与大气接通。锤体4在惯性的作用下继续后移,气缸后腔M的背压增大,压缩气体通过第一斜孔E和第二斜孔F进入阀座6,将球阀8下压,将通往气缸前腔N的压缩气切断而与气缸后腔M接通,锤体4 开始冲程。锤体4就是这样的往复运动,形成破碎。
本发明实施例中,锤体4往复运动阀采用结构简单的被动式球阀控制。这种结构的特点是控制阀的使用寿命长、维修非常简单方便,重量轻。
本发明的开启及关闭采用自动式球阀控制。操作时,破碎机钎杆与被破碎体或冲击体接触时钎杆钎尾部后移自动顶开球阀,破碎机便开始工作。停止时,只要与破碎体或冲击体分离,破碎机便停止工作,提高了安全性能。

Claims (7)

1.一种安全气动破碎机,包括气缸(1),气缸(1)的前端安装有可用来安装镐钎(10)的卡钎器(12),气缸(1)的后端安装有手柄(11),其特征在于:
气缸(1)内设有气腔,在气腔内设有用来锤击镐钎(10)的锤体(4),锤体(4)与气腔壁之间密封滑动连接; 
所述锤体(4)将气腔间隔成气缸后腔(M)和气缸前腔(N);
气缸(1)内设有与气腔平行的第二通气孔(G),气缸(1)上靠近后端的位置设有进气联接管(2),进气联接管(2)与第二通气孔(G)之间通过被动式球阀组连通;
气缸(1)上靠近前端的位置设有控制第二通气孔(G)和气缸前腔(N)之间连通的整机开关自动控制球阀(5);
操作时,破碎机钎杆与被破碎体或冲击体接触时钎杆钎尾部后移自动顶开球阀,破碎机便开始工作。
2.根据权利要求1所述的安全气动破碎机,其特征在于:第二通气孔(G)通过第四斜孔(I)与整机开关自动控制球阀(5)连通。
3.根据权利要求2所述的安全气动破碎机,其特征在于:
气缸前腔(N)通过第三斜孔(H)与整机开关自动控制球阀(5)连通。
4.根据权利要求3所述的安全气动破碎机,其特征在于:
所述气缸(1)的中间位置的壳壁上设有分别与气腔连通的第一排气口(A)和第二排气口(B),第一排气口(A)和第二排气口(B)前后间隔一定距离。
5.根据权利要求3所述的安全气动破碎机,其特征在于:
第一排气口(A)和第二排气口(B)的外部安装有排气罩(3)。
6.根据权利要求4所述的安全气动破碎机,其特征在于:
所述被动式球阀组包括设置在进气联接管(2)与第二通气孔(G)之间的阀座(6),所述阀座(6)内安装有球阀(8),所述阀座(6)的一侧连接有阀盖(7),气缸(1)上靠近阀盖(7)的位置设有导气套(9),所述导气套(9)与气缸(1)之间形成气室(D),在导气套(9)上设有连通阀盖(7)和气室(D)的第二斜孔(F)。
7.根据权利要求6所述的安全气动破碎机,其特征在于:所述气缸(1)上设有连通气室(D)和气缸后腔(M)的第一斜孔(E)。
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