CN103025289A - 用于吸收制品的外覆盖件 - Google Patents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
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- A61F13/49003—Reusable, washable fabric diapers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
- A61F13/505—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators with separable parts, e.g. combination of disposable and reusable parts
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于吸收制品的外覆盖件,所述外覆盖件除了吸收插入件的吸收性以外还具有吸收容量。外覆盖件可具有两个或更多个层,这些层中的至少一个具有液体吸收容量。另一个层可以是疏水性的。外覆盖件具有介于5g和100g之间的等渗(0.9%)Nacl溶液的吸收离心保留容量,以及具有在0.5秒时具有小于75度的DAT接触角的面向穿着者层的面向穿着者表面。
Description
技术领域
本公开一般涉及一种用于吸收制品的外覆盖件。并且更具体地涉及一种具有液体吸收容量的外覆盖件。
背景技术
适配到穿着者的身体的吸收制品有时用于吸收身体流出物、如尿液、粪便或经液。吸收制品可被例如以下人员使用:尚未经过入厕训练的婴儿、或因疾病或虚弱而经历失禁的儿童或成人、或经期女性。吸收制品可为一次性的或可复使用的,或这两者的组合。例如,吸收制品可具有用于收集和容纳体液的一次性吸收插入件、以及在使用期间保持一次性吸收插入件靠近穿着者身体的可重复使用的外覆盖件。
一次性吸收插入件可旨在捕集所有身体流出物;然而,一些体积的流出物可能不被插入件所吸收,或可能不立即被吸收。例如,在插入件的至少一部分中,插入件的吸收容量可能被超过;或者流出物的释放可能是以大于插入件的最大吸收速率的速率发生的;或者插入件相对于穿着者身体的位置可能使得少量流体不被引导至插入件,而是运动超出插入件并进入外覆盖件中。在此类情况下,可能期望外覆盖件保持这些被容纳在吸收制品内的流出物。容纳作用可例如防止脏污穿着者环境中的邻近表面,如穿着者的衣服、护理者的衣服、被褥、家具等。
一种将此类松散物质容纳在吸收制品内的方法是使用疏水性外覆盖件并且将其紧密地固定到穿着者,尤其是围绕两腿和腰部固定,如用弹性腿带和腰带来固定。然而,液体或半液体废物可沿疏水性材料的边缘汇集和聚集,使得腿带或腰带处的任何间隙将会允许游走的废物逸出。此外,紧密闭合还可能使人感到不适,约束穿着者的运动,在皮肤上留下红印或磨蚀皮肤,将单一尺寸的外覆盖件的适用性限制于一定范围内的穿着者的体形和身材,或具有其它限制条件。
仍然需要一种如下的用于吸收制品的外覆盖件,其为舒适的、适形于穿着者的,并且将未被吸收插入件所吸收的流出物容纳在吸收制品内。
发明概述
在一些方面,本发明涉及一种用于吸收制品的外覆盖件。外覆盖件可包括具有面向穿着者表面的第一面向穿着者层、和第二面向衣服层。外覆盖件可具有介于5g和100g之间的吸收容量,并且第一面向穿着者层的面向穿着者表面可具有在0.5秒时小于约75度的DAT接触角。第二面向衣服层可以是疏水性的。外覆盖件整体(as a whole)可具有介于1,200g/m2/24hr和15,000g/m2/24hr之间,或介于3,000g/m2/24hr和10,000g/m2/24hr之间的WVTR。第一面向穿着者层的面向穿着者表面可具有小于约3.5mJ/mm2,或小于约3.0mJ/mm2,或小于约2.5mJ/mm2的非极性表面能分量(nonpolarcomponent of surface energy)。第一面向穿着者层的面向穿着者表面可具有在1秒时小于约70度,或小于约45度的DAT接触角。第一面向穿着者层可具有小于约15秒,或小于约10秒,或介于1秒和15秒之间的透湿时间。外覆盖件可包括设置在第一面向穿着者层和第二面向衣服层之间的第三层。第三层(如果存在)可以是疏水性的。
在其它方面,本发明涉及一种用于吸收制品的外覆盖件,所述外覆盖件由单一材料层或材料的层压体构成。外覆盖件可包括第一面向穿着者表面和第二面向衣服表面。外覆盖件可具有介于5g和100g之间的吸收容量。第一面向穿着者表面可具有在0.5秒时小于约75度的DAT接触角。第二面向衣服表面可以是疏水性的。外覆盖件可具有介于1,200g/m2/24hr和15,000g/m2/24hr之间,或介于3,000g/m2/24hr和10,000g/m2/24hr之间的WVTR。外表面可涂覆有防水化合物。防水化合物(如果存在)可选自聚四氟乙烯、碳氟化合物衍生物、疏水性硅氧烷聚合物、疏水性氟化聚合物、以及它们的组合。
在其它方面,本发明涉及一种包括吸收插入件和外覆盖件的吸收制品,其中外覆盖件可具有大于0且小于吸收插入件的吸收容量的吸收容量。
附图说明
图1为示例性吸收制品的平面图。
图2为示例性扣件的示意图。
图3为示例性吸收制品的一部分的透视图。
图4为压杆刀片的前视图,所述压杆刀片在抗弯刚度测试中用于上部可运动测试夹具;
图5为压杆刀片的侧视图,所述压杆刀片在抗弯刚度测试中用于上部可运动测试夹具;
图6为抗弯刚度测试中的下部固定式测试夹具的侧视图。
具体实施方式
如本文所用,“吸收制品”是指吸收和容纳身体流出物的装置,更具体地是指紧贴或邻近穿着者身体设置以吸收和容纳由身体排出的各种流出物的装置。示例性吸收制品包括尿布、训练裤、套穿或裤型尿布(即,如美国专利6,120,487中所示的具有预成型的腰部开口和腿部开口的尿布)、可重复扣紧的尿布、失禁短内裤和内衣、尿布固定器和衬里、妇女卫生衣服如卫生巾和卫生护垫等。吸收制品可为一次性的或可重复使用的。
如本文所用,“吸收插入件”是指用于捕集或容纳身体流出物并且在使用期间与吸收制品可拆卸地结合的吸收制品的组件。例如,吸收插入件可压力配合到适当位置中,或可释放地连接到吸收制品的某个部分,如通过机械扣件、粘合剂、胶粘剂等来连接。吸收插入件可为一次性的或可重复使用的。
如本文所用,“一次性的”是指如下的制品或物体,其旨在被使用一次或连续地使用一段时间,然后被废弃。一次性制品不旨在被清洁、修复或换句话讲准备重复使用。相比之下,可重复使用的制品旨在被使用至少两次,并且可能旨在在一段延伸的时间被重复使用,如数星期或数月。可重复使用的制品可在重复使用之前被清洁、修复或换句话讲复原。例如,可重复使用的制品可被使用、洗涤并重复使用。单一制品可包括一次性组件和可重复使用的组件。例如,吸收制品可包括可重复使用的外覆盖件和一次性吸收插入件。
如本文所用,“面向穿着者的”或“内的”是指吸收制品或吸收制品的组件的如下侧面或表面,当吸收制品被应用到穿着者以期正常使用时,所述侧面或表面最靠近穿着者的身体。相比之下,“面向衣服的”或“外的”是指吸收制品或吸收制品的组件的如下侧面或表面,当吸收制品被应用到穿着者以期正常使用时,所述侧面或表面与面向穿着者侧相背,并且最靠近穿着者的衣服(如果穿着者在吸收制品之上穿着衣服)。
如本文所用,“亲水性”描述的是如下表面,所述表面可被沉积在这些表面上的含水流体(例如,含水体液)润湿。亲水性和可润湿性通常根据非织造织物上的接触角来定义。当流体和表面之间的接触角小于90°时,则认为表面被流体(即,亲水性的)润湿,所述接触角使用下述动态吸收测试在0.2秒时测量。相反,如果接触角大于90°,则认为表面是“疏水性的”,所述接触角使用下述动态吸收测试在0.2秒时测量。
如本文所用,“侵害”是指制品暴露于身体流出物,并且也可称作事件或暴露。吸收插入件可在单次侵害后例如在单次排便行为后被更换或废弃。吸收插入件可在多次侵害如多次离散的排尿和/或排便行为后被更换或废弃。
如本文所用,“外覆盖件”是指用于保持吸收制品顶靠或靠近穿着者身体的吸收制品的组件。外覆盖件也可相对于穿着者或吸收制品或它们两者将吸收插入件保持固定。外覆盖件可具有一个或多个层或组件。如果外覆盖件包括多个层或组件,则术语“外覆盖件”集体地指所有这些层或组件,所述这些层或组件在正常使用期间即在按照制造商的使用说明使用期间将被装配在一起以保持吸收插入件和吸收制品顶靠或靠近穿着者的身体。
如图1所示,吸收制品10可完全或部分地由外覆盖件12和吸收插入件14形成。外覆盖件12可用于将吸收制品10保持顶靠穿着者的身体,例如,通过包裹在穿着者的两腿和躯干周围来保持。吸收插入件14可用于吸收并容纳由穿着者排入吸收制品10中的身体流出物,如尿液、粪便或经液。外覆盖件12和吸收插入件14可各自独立地为可重复使用的或一次性的。例如,吸收制品10可具有可重复使用的外覆盖件12和一次性吸收插入件14。当一次性吸收插入件14被脏污时,可将其废弃,并且可将新的一次性吸收插入件14适配到可重复使用的外覆盖件12。也可能具有一次性外覆盖件12和可重复使用的吸收插入件14,或如下的吸收制品10,其中外覆盖件12和吸收插入件14两者均为可重复使用的,或它们两者均为一次性的。
外覆盖件12可包括弹性元件,如弹性化后腰带16、弹性化前腰带18、或弹性化腿带20,以帮助吸收制品10适形于穿着者。外覆盖件12可包括扣件22,所述扣件可永久地或可释放地接合到着陆区24以形成腰部开口。扣件22可包括几乎任何扣紧系统,包括但不限于粘合剂、胶粘剂、按扣、系带、拉锁、纽扣、钩-环、钩-钩、插片-槽、磁体、缝成缝、或这些扣件的组合。着陆区24(如果存在)可适于接纳扣件22。例如,扣件22可包括钩,并且着陆区24可包括环;或扣件22可包括粘着体,并且着陆区24可包括粘附体;或扣件22可包括纽扣孔,并且着陆区24可包括一个或多个纽扣。着陆区24可设置在吸收制品10的面向衣服表面上,如图1中所示。然而,在一些实施方案中,着陆区24可设置在吸收制品10的面向穿着者表面上,或设置在如下层上,所述层设置在吸收制品10的面向衣服表面和面向穿着者表面之间。例如,扣件22可折叠在吸收制品10内以接触着陆区24,或扣紧系统可包括如磁体元件,所述磁体不要求扣件22和着陆区24之间的直接接触来起作用。
外覆盖件12还可包括一个或多个连接器26。连接器26可适于永久地或可释放地将吸收插入件14接合到外覆盖件12。连接器26可包括如上所述的几乎任何扣紧系统。例如,连接器26可包括粘合剂,所述粘合剂将吸收插入件14的面向衣服表面粘附到外覆盖件12的面向穿着者表面。吸收插入件14可包括连接器28以有利于将吸收插入件14接合到外覆盖件12。例如,连接器28可包括钩,并且连接器26可包括环;或连接器26和28可包括互补胶粘剂。在一些实施方案中,吸收插入件14包括一个或多个连接器28,并且外覆盖件12不具有连接器。连接器28和26可具有相同或不同的形状和尺寸。在一些实施方案中,外覆盖件12可不具有特别的连接器26。例如,外覆盖件12或外覆盖件12的内表面40可相对于吸收插入件14具有相对高的静摩擦系数,使得吸收插入件14不趋于顶靠外覆盖件12运动。静摩擦系数可通过如下方式改变:添加涂层或具有高摩擦系数的层、使基底机械变形以产生更粗糙的表面、或任何其它方法。静摩擦系数可如下所述被测量,并且其在外覆盖件12的内表面40上从0.3至0.4或0.5或更高变化。
在一些实施方案中,外覆盖件12包括两个或更多个连接器26。第一连接器30可具有与至少第二连接器34不同的形状或尺寸。在一些实施方案中,吸收插入件14包括两个或更多个连接器28。第一连接器32可具有与至少第二连接器36不同的形状或尺寸。外覆盖件12中的第一连接器30可具有与吸收插入件14中的第一连接器32互补或类似或相同的形状和尺寸。外覆盖件12中的第二连接器34可具有与吸收插入件14中的第二连接器36互补或类似或相同的形状和尺寸。在这种实施方案,吸收插入件14相对于外覆盖件12的适当的取向可由第一连接器和第二连接器的不同的形状或尺寸来指示。例如,如果吸收插入件14具有前侧面和背侧面,则连接器的形状或尺寸可指示吸收插入件14的前部应当靠近外覆盖件12的前部放置。在一些实施方案中,第一连接器和第二连接器的位置、尺寸或形状相互作用,使得吸收插入件14仅能够以所期望的取向接合到外覆盖件12,如图2所示,其中第二连接器34和36将基本上不以如下方式与第一连接器30和32相互作用,所述方式牢固地将吸收插入件14接合到外覆盖件12。在一些实施方案中,第一连接器和第二连接器为不同的类型,以便不可能将吸收插入件14固定到外覆盖件12,除非是以所期望的取向来固定。例如,第一连接器可形成钩-环系统,并且第二连接器可形成胶粘剂系统。
吸收插入件14可旨在捕集并容纳由穿着者在身体的覆盖区域中排出的所有废物。然而,一些相对少量的身体流出物如尿液可能偶尔逸出吸收插入件14并接触外覆盖件12的面向穿着者表面。如果外覆盖件12的面向穿着者表面不能够吸收该流体,则该流体可能沿外覆盖件12的面向穿着者表面运动并突破吸收制品10的周边38,从而渗漏到衣服或其它表面如被褥、毛毯或护理者。在一些实施方案中,外覆盖件12具有小于吸收插入件14的吸收容量的吸收容量。在一些实施方案中,外覆盖件12可具有介于5和100mL之间,或介于20和60mL之间的流体吸收容量,所述流体吸收容量通过下述离心保留容量(CRC)测试测量,这时测试的是整个外覆盖件。也可按“统一化”或归一化格式来报告CRC结果,其中所述结果被报告为样本的总的实测保留容量除以干燥样本在测试之前的重量。外覆盖件12可具有大于0.5g/g,或介于0.5g/g和1.0g/g之间的统一化CRC。
外覆盖件12可由单一元件构成,如单一材料层或两种或更多种材料粘结的层压体。在一些实施方案中,如图3所示,外覆盖件12可由两个或更多个离散的材料层构成,如具有类似或不同特性的内侧面向穿着者层44和外侧面向衣服层46。如果外覆盖件12由两个或更多个离散的层构成,则所述两个或更多个离散的材料层可在吸收制品10的周边38处或靠近吸收制品10的周边38接合在一起,例如,在腿带或腰带的接缝或连接点中接合,或可在制品中的一个或多个离散的位置处接合,如在其中连接器26或扣件22固定到外覆盖件12的内表面40或外表面42的位置处接合。如果外覆盖件12包括两个或更多个层,则应当理解,每个层均具有面向穿着者表面和面向衣服表面。
在一些实施方案中,外覆盖件12的内表面40是吸收性的,并且在正常穿着条件下,任何被吸收的流体均不湿透至外覆盖件12的外表面42,即面向衣服表面。然而,外覆盖件12可为可透气的,以防止穿着者的皮肤过度水合。皮肤的过度水合可由吸收制品10和穿着者皮肤之间的高局部湿度引起或加重。过度水合的皮肤可表现出红斑(发红)、或尿布皮炎,或与非过度水合的皮肤相比可能不太耐磨蚀(即,由于拉伸强度较低)。外覆盖件12可具有通过下述水蒸气传输速率测试测量的最小透气性或水蒸气传输速率(WVTR),以允许源自尿液、汁液和/或其它流出物的足够的水蒸气离开吸收制品10的内部,从而将皮肤水合保持在较低水平。外覆盖件12可具有至少约1200g/m2/24hr的WVTR,或至少约3000g/m2/24hr的WVTR。例如,当环境条件中的温度和/或湿度更高时、当穿着者的活动量更大(例如,出汗更多)时、或当吸收制品10具有相对更高加载量的尿液、汁液或其它液体流出物时(例如,在夜间使用期间或当使用者为“重型润湿者时”),更高WVTR可为有益的。因此,至少约1200g/m2/24hr的WVTR可指示适用于典型用途的外覆盖件,而至少约3000g/m2/24hr的WVTR可指示适用于更严格条件下的外覆盖件。
在某些情况下,过高的透气性可具有不可取的效应,如在制品的面向衣服表面或在衣服上发生水分冷凝。外覆盖件12可具有小于约15,000g/m2/24hr,或甚至10,000g/m2/24hr的WVTR,以帮助防止该现象。较低的最大WVTR指示外覆盖件适于在严格条件下使用,如在较低的环境温度下使用,其中逸出的水蒸气可比相对较高的环境温度生成更多的冷凝物。
单一层外覆盖件材料的外表面42可以是疏水性的。外表面42的疏水性可起因于例如选择基底中的纤维/纱线的化学性质或直径、机织或针织纱线的方式、或施用到纱线、成品材料或它们两者上的涂层或其它处理剂。例如,外表面42可以是共混的(如与微纤维或纳米纤维共混)、涂覆的,或换句话讲用下列防水化合物处理的:如聚四氟乙烯(也称为PTFE或特氟隆);碳氟化合物衍生物(也称为SCOTCHGARD,如例如美国专利3,574,791中所述);或疏水性硅氧烷聚合物或氟化聚合物(例如美国专利7,626,073中所述的那些)等。在包括两个或更多个材料层的外覆盖件实施方案中,面向衣服层46(即,最外层)或其任一表面可以是疏水性的或经由本文所述的任何处理剂或方法处理成疏水性的。作为另外一种选择,内层44的面向衣服表面可被处理成疏水性的,或者第三疏水层可设置在外覆盖件12的内层44和外层46之间。
可处理外覆盖件12的内层44或内表面40以使其成为亲水性的或增加其亲水性。例如,可用赋予或改善亲水性的表面活性剂或其它涂层来处理内层44或内表面40。例如,可用包括纳米颗粒的溶液来处理内层44或内表面40,如美国专利申请公布2009/0048571中所述。该溶液可包括成膜聚合物、润湿剂、和按重量计约0.001%至约40%的纳米颗粒组合物。纳米颗粒可选自氧化铝、二氧化硅、以及它们的组合。纳米颗粒可具有约1至约750纳米的粒度。成膜聚合物与纳米颗粒的重量比可为约1:1至约1:30。示例性成膜聚合物包括但不限于聚胺、季铵化聚胺、两性离子聚合物;聚羧酸盐;聚醚;多羟基化聚合物;聚膦酸酯和多磷酸盐;聚合物螯合剂;乙氧基化或烷氧基化的聚胺;聚羧基聚胺;水分散性聚醚;水分散性多羟基化基团或聚合物,包括多糖;水分散性聚羧酸酯;水分散性阴离子基团,如羧酸酯、磺酸盐、硫酸盐、磷酸盐、膦酸酯以及它们的聚合物;包含阴离子基团可分散性聚苯乙烯,如羧酸酯、磺酸盐、硫酸盐、磷酸盐、膦酸酯以及它们的聚合物;水分散性聚合物,它们包含如下基团:胺、季盐、氧化胺以及它们的组合;水分散性两性离子基团以及它们的聚合物;水分散性酰胺和聚酰胺;以及乙烯基咪唑和乙烯基吡咯烷酮的水分散性聚合物和共聚物;以上物质的聚合物和嵌段共聚物组合。
又如,内层44或内表面40可用亲水性单体和自由基聚合引发剂来处理,如美国专利7,521,587中所述。根据通式R1R2C═CR3R4,这些单体可包含至少一个不饱和双键,其中R1和R2优选为氢原子。在一些实施方案中,这些亲水性单体包括能够与酸或碱反应以形成盐的基团。合适单体的实例包括丙烯酸及其衍生物(例如,甲基丙烯酸、乙基丙烯酸)、苯乙烯磺酸及其衍生物、乙酸乙烯酯、马来酸酐和乙烯基吡啶。引发剂在用光活化时能够形成反应性自由基。合适的自由基聚合引发剂的实例包括二苯甲酮及其衍生物、过氧化苯甲酰、或偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)。涂层溶液还可包括减弱亲水性单体的均聚合的试剂,如铁II盐、铜II盐、或它们的混合物。涂层溶液可施用到纤维上,并且所涂覆的纤维可暴露于UV光如UV-A光以形成化学地接枝到纤维上的亲水性聚合物。
在一些实施方案中,可处理外覆盖件12的内层44或内表面40以增加亲水性,并且可处理外覆盖件12的外层46或外表面42以增加疏水性。除了本文所述的示例性亲水性处理剂和疏水性处理剂以外,可使用几乎任何亲水性处理剂或疏水性处理剂。可选择耐用处理剂,例如,如果外覆盖件12旨在为可重复使用的,或旨在减小涂层或处理剂转移到外覆盖件12的穿着者的可能性。
外覆盖件12的内表面40可具有通过本文所公开动态吸收测试测量的在0.5秒时小于约90度,或小于约75度的接触角。在0.5秒时,接触角可在约45和约90度的范围内。外覆盖件可具有在1.0秒时小于约80度,或小于约45度的接触角。除了上述处理剂以外,增加表面的三维性(如下所述)可导致材料接触角的减小。例如,增加表面的孔隙率或毛细作用(如可行的那样)以增加透气性,这也可导致材料接触角的减小。
外覆盖件12的内表面40可具有通过本文所公开的方法测量的小于约15秒,小于约10秒,或介于约1秒和15秒之间的透湿时间。低透湿时间表示流体较快地渗透到外覆盖件12中,这减少了能够逸出外覆盖件12并脏污环境的自由流体。
外覆盖件12的内表面40可具有通过本文所公开的表面自由能测试测量的小于约3.5,小于约3.0,或小于约2.5mJ/mm2的非极性表面能分量。较低的非极性表面能分量可关联于在被脂肪物质接触时的较低的脏污倾向。虽然尿液通常主要是含水的,但粪便和其它流出物可包含脂肪或脂肪物质。非水溶性或亲脂的污渍一般难以在常见的水基洗涤过程中从表面如纺织品上除去,所述水基洗涤过程通常用于家庭衣物洗涤设施,如私人住宅或自动洗衣店中的衣物洗涤设施。那些至少在初始时更耐亲脂脏污的表面可具有相对低的非极性表面能分量,例如,小于10mj/mm2,或小于5mj/mm2,或小于3mj/mm2的非极性表面能分量。
外覆盖件12可为柔软的,以便不磨蚀穿着者的皮肤。柔软感可涉及一组复杂的变量。然而,对于柔性和有回弹力的表面来讲,具有微观尺度上的三维构型的表面可比更为二维构型的相同的材料组成感觉起来更柔软。三维构型可用机织织物的各种编织来产生,或可选择这样的三维构型。例如,可产生或选择具有相对高的经纱和纬纱高度、纱线间距等的机织织物。较高的编织(即,纱线之间的间距较低)可对表面能具有更显著的影响。
外覆盖件12可贴合穿着者身体的轮廓。外覆盖件材料可具有低抗弯刚度以使得它们能够适合并适形于穿着者的身体结构,并且以相对低的阻力随着穿着者的身体一起运动,这可有助于舒适地贴合,不论穿着者是静止的还是活动的。适形的贴合也可允许外覆盖件的周边区域(其可包括弹性化腿带或腰带)在穿着者的身体上保持所期望的取向和位置。保持所期望的取向和位置可帮助防止或减少身体流出物从外覆盖件12渗漏。
如上所述,外覆盖件12可由单一元件构成,如单一材料层或两种或更多种材料粘结的层压体。作为另外一种选择,外覆盖件12可由具有类似或不同特性的两个或更多个离散的材料层构成。如果外覆盖件12由两个或更多个离散的材料层构成,则所述两个或更多个离散的材料层可在或靠近制品的周边接合在一起,例如在腿带或腰带的接缝或连接点中接合,或可在制品中的一个或多个离散的位置接合,如在其中扣紧元件如扣件22或连接器26固定到外覆盖件12的内表面40或外表面42的位置接合。无论层数或“堆叠物”如何,根据本文所述的抗弯刚度测试,外覆盖件12材料的堆叠物的抗弯刚度可小于约0.20N,或0.19N。如果外覆盖件12包括多于一个离散的层(即,可在足够的面积上与外覆盖件的另一个层分离以使得抗弯刚度测试能够进行),这些层中的至少一个的抗弯刚度可小于约0.10N或小于约0.08N。在一些实施方案中,每个层可具有小于约0.10N或0.08N的抗弯刚度。
在一些实施方案中,向外覆盖件的面向穿着者表面上加入扣紧元件可需要更高的抗弯刚度以产生附加的支撑以承载从插入件14转移至外覆盖件材料的加裁力。“所用的”外覆盖件材料(与外覆盖件材料配合的插入件固定到其上)的堆叠物的抗弯刚度可小于约0.30N。
在一些实施方案中,外覆盖件12在不同的区域中可包括不同的层结构。例如,外覆盖件12可具有纵向中心线48。外覆盖件12可沿纵向中心线48具有大约相等长度的三个部分。例如,后部50可从侧向延伸的后纵向边缘56开始占据外覆盖件12的长度的大约三分之一,前部54可从侧向延伸的前纵向边缘58开始占据外覆盖件12的长度的大约三分之一,并且中部52可在后部50和前部54之间占据外覆盖件12的长度的大约三分之一。
外覆盖件12的后部50、中部52和前部54可理想地具有不同的特性。例如,在吸收制品10的应用和/或穿着期间,对应于穿着者腰部、髋部区、和臀部区(一般在后部50中)和前部54的外覆盖件12的区域可经受拉伸和弯曲/扭应力。相比之下,中部52可经受在方向和大小上不同的应力,所述应力相关于尿布(在其被脏污时)所容纳的流出物的质量。在使用期间,包括在穿着吸收制品10和更换吸收插入件14期间,中部52也可更易于被流出物脏污。因此,可能期望例如使中部52在类似的拉伸力下延伸得小于后部50和/或前部54。这可允许后部50和/或前部54舒适地贴合一定范围内的使用者或其中使用者生长或体重增加的一定时期内的单一使用者的腰部和髋部,同时对中部52中的吸收插入件14提供附加支撑,使得被严重脏污的吸收插入件14不会导致外覆盖件12松垂至沿两腿产生间隙的程度。沿两腿产生的间隙可更易于使流出物从吸收制品12渗漏出来。
在一些实施方案中,由于材料层不同,外覆盖件的不同部分可具有不同的特性。这些层可在如下方面为不同的:层数、层的种类(例如,材料、基重、纹理、处理剂等)、或它们两者。例如,后部50和中部52可包括相同的材料,如用于实施例1的材料,但在后部50中可仅存在一个材料层,并且在中部52中可存在两个或更多个材料层。这将在中部52中提供张力下的较低的延伸,并且增加对穿着者流出物穿过中部52渗透到穿着者的衣服或环境的阻抗。此外,中部52中的这些层中的一者或两者还可如上所述被改性,例如,用疏水性处理剂来改性。
在一些实施方案中,可能期望在中部52中比在前部54和/或后部50中提供张力下的更大的延伸。这可例如允许中部52膨胀以便不会机械地约束流出物向吸收插入件14中的吸收,并且限制前部54和/或后部50的延伸以提供更好的卸载力以便持续地贴合在穿着者的腰部和髋部周围。
在一些实施方案中,外覆盖件12的一个或多个部分可具有三个或更多个层。例如,除了后部50、中部52和前部54以外,外覆盖件12还可具有腿部60。腿部60可在中部52中大约平行于周边38延伸,并且可与周边38相距如下距离而延伸,所述距离大于0mm,但小于外覆盖件12在其在中部52中的最窄点处的宽度的大约三分之一,所述最窄点位于外覆盖件12的每个纵向延伸的侧边62上。如果周边38在中部52中为曲线的,则腿部60可具有与周边38大致相同的曲率。外覆盖件12在后部50中可包括三个或更多个层。腿部60(如果存在)可包括三个或更多个材料层,从而提供某种刚度并帮助保持腿部60顶靠穿着者的身体以容纳流出物。在一些实施方案中,后部50可包括两个织物层和锚定带,所述锚定带可为比其它织物层具有更大卸载力的不同的织物或弹性带。在其它实施方案中,着陆区24可包括三个或更多个层以为着陆区24提供某种刚度,所述刚度可使其更易于将扣件22按压并连接到着陆区24。
外覆盖件12的一个或多个部分可包括交替数目的层(在纵向或侧向上或它们两者上)以在外覆盖件12内分配力或提供三维外观。
在一些实施方案中,外覆盖件12包括腿部60中的两个层和中部52中的一个层,以增强对两腿处产生间隙的阻抗并且允许吸收插入件14在中部52中溶胀。应当理解,如果中部52不同于腿部60,则中部52自身将侧向地改变,因为腿部60为中部52的子部分。
在一些实施方案中,外覆盖件12包括后腰带16和/或前腰带18的中部64,所述中部具有与后腰带16和/或前腰带18的耳部62不同的层。中部64沿侧向延伸的纵向边缘56或58可具有大致对应于外覆盖件12的宽度的三分之一的侧向宽度。如果侧向延伸的纵向边缘56或58为倒圆的或换句话讲不具有明显的边缘,则认为中部64为对应于纵向中部52的侧向最窄点处的外覆盖件12的宽度的腰带的那部分。耳部62为沿侧向延伸的纵向边缘56或58的位于侧向中部64的侧向外侧的外覆盖件的那些部分。耳部62和侧向中部64可从纵向端边56沿全部后部50或从纵向端边58沿全部前部54纵向延伸。与侧向中部64相比,耳部62可包括较少的层。例如,耳部62可包括单一材料层,并且侧向中部64可包括两个层。此类构造可允许耳部62容易地拉伸,从而有利于将产品应用到穿着者,同时中部64可提供更高的卸载力,从而改善产品随着时间的推移的持续贴合性。
当然,应当理解,前部54和后部50在如下方面可为但不是必须为类似的构造:材料、对材料的处理、或所用的材料层。虽然本文按各种实施方案描述了不同的构造,但明确地设想到了所述不同构造的组合和排列。
实施例
*在外覆盖件的面向穿着者层的面向穿着者表面上测量。
**对于每种类型的外覆盖件,使用外覆盖件(OC)的所有层测试了十个样本,并且报告了平均值。外覆盖件抗弯刚度峰值力是使用本文所公开的抗弯刚度测试测量的。此外,对于测试制品,使用抗弯刚度测试测量了外层材料的抗弯刚度峰值力,并且发现其为0.070牛顿。此外,对于测试制品,使用抗弯刚度测试测量了内衬材料的抗弯刚度峰值力,并且发现其为0.056牛顿。
实施例1为根据本公开的实施方案构造的外覆盖件,其具有外层材料和内衬材料、外覆盖件钩、外覆盖件着陆区和插入件着陆区,所述外层材料和内衬材料均由以商品名代码E.n.n-14购自Koshtex(Los Angeles,CA,UnitedStates)的93%Modal和7%Spandex制成,所述外覆盖件钩由以商品名“可缝钩”购自Perfectek Plus(Huntington Beach,CA,United States)的100%尼龙制成,所述外覆盖件着陆区以商品名代码960E购自Aplix(Paris,France),并且所述插入件着陆区由以商品名“标准缝上材料”购自Touchtape(St.Augustine,FL,United States)的100%尼龙制成。
实施例2为2010年4月购自www.gdiapers.com的gDiaperTM可重复使用的尿布覆盖件。SKU号为31041,并且尺码为大号(26-36磅)。制造商为gDiapers,Inc.(Portland,OR)。
实施例3为2010年4月购自www.thenaturalbabyco.com的Gro BabyTM可重复使用的尿布覆盖件。该外覆盖件仅可按一种尺码获得。制造商为GroViaTM(前身为Gro BabyTM)(Bozeman,MT)。
实施例4为BummisTM SuperBrite可重复使用的尿布覆盖件,尺码L,2010年4月购自www.thenaturalbabyco.com,并且由Bummis,Inc.(Montreal,Quebec,Canada)制造。
实施例5为DiaperapsTM可重复使用的尿布覆盖件,大号尺码,2010年4月购自www.babysorganicnursery.com,由Diaperaps:Baby’s OrganicNursery(Granada Hills,CA)制造。
改进的液体透湿
使用Lister透湿仪器(购自Lenzing Technik,Austria)或符合HarmonizedTest Method WSP70.3(08)的任何设备测量外覆盖件的液体透湿。除了下文指明的之外,根据制造商的使用说明来校准并操作该仪器。测试流体为用蒸馏水制备的0.9%w/v氯化钠。
在测试之前,将样本在23℃±2℃和50%±2%的相对湿度下预处理2小时。打开外覆盖件制品,并且将其放置成使面向穿着者表面朝下。使用剪刀移除腿弹性部件(如果存在),使得制品能够被展平。沿覆盖件的纵向轴线选择采样点,所述采样点在后腰部的远侧边缘和覆盖件的总长度的中点之间是等距的。如果在该位点存在如接缝、按扣、标签等结构,则容许将采样区移位至邻近区域以避开它们。用液压机和切割冲模(100mm正方形±0.1mm且8mm深)切割居中在该标记上的样本穿透该制品的所有层,其中样本的切割边缘平行和垂直于制品的纵向轴线和侧向轴线。可将所有层作为一个复合体或作为单个层来测试样本。
将样本放置在透湿板下,使面向穿着者表面朝上,并且其边缘平行和垂直于该板(对于该实验来讲,在样本下不放置吸收纸)。将该板在递送漏斗的下面对齐,使得漏斗居中在该板的腔体之上并且位于该板表面的顶部之上30mm±1mm。将5.00mL±0.01mL的测试流体加入漏斗中,然后打开阀门以将液流递送到该板腔体中。测试流体将会闭合该板电极的电路并且启动定时器。当液体透入样本中时,定时器将会停止。记录透湿时间,精确至0.01秒。
对源自独立外覆盖件的三个等同样本重复该分析。对所述三个值取平均值并且报告,精确至0.01秒。
表面能
某个表面的表面能得自接触角测量值,可通过本领域的技术人员已知的各种公认的模型将所述测量值转换为表面能。用于本公开的此类模型为Fowkes公式,如Fowkes,F.M.:Industrial and Engineering Chemistry,第56卷,第12期,第40页(1964)所述,将其以引用方式并入本文:
γlv(1+cosθ)=2(γlv dγsv d)1/2+2(γlv pγsv p)1/2
其中:
θ接触角;
γlv液体的表面张力;
γlv d被沉积在样本表面上的液体的表面张力的分散分量;
γsv d样本表面的表面能的分散分量;
γlv p被沉积在样本表面上的液体的表面张力的极性分量;
γsv p样本表面的表面能的极性分量;
固着液滴接触角使用FTA200动态接触角分析仪或等同物测量,所述分析仪具有FTA200软件,版本为2.1,构建340(购自First TenAngstroms(Portsmouth,VA)。将通过Milli-Q水系统(MilliporeCorporation(Billerica,MA))处理的纯化蒸馏水和99%二碘甲烷(Sigma-Aldrich(Saint Louis,MO))用作测试流体。所有测量均是在恒定的温度(25℃±1℃)和湿度(33%±2%)下进行的。
在测试之前,将样本在25℃±1℃且33%±2%的相对湿度下预处理2小时。打开外覆盖件制品,并且将其放置成使面向穿着者表面朝上。使用剪刀移除腿弹性部件(如果存在),使得制品能够被展平。沿覆盖件的纵向轴线选择采样点,所述采样点在后腰部的远侧边缘和覆盖件的总长度的中点之间是等距的。如果在该位点存在如接缝、按扣、标签等结构,则容许将采样区移位至邻近区域以避开它们。使用剪刀从所选择的位点剪出面向穿着者表面的1cm乘3cm样本。将样本以粘合方式平坦地安装在玻璃显微镜载片上,使得没有脊存在,并且使面向穿着者表面朝上。
使用FTA200,将7μL的纯化水悬挂在钝头的27规格的不锈钢针的端部。缓慢地提升样本的表面,直到其与液滴接触。在液滴和样本之间首次接触时,以光学方式触发以120幅图像/s的速率收集的视频流,并且在该液滴离开并随后与样本的表面达到平衡期间收集第一个1分钟图像。优选地在液滴与样本表面接触后的0.2秒时测量接触角。如果在0.2秒内所放置的测试流体发生显著的渗透,即大于2.5%,则作为另外一种选择,在0.02秒时测定接触角。接触角使用液滴轮廓的非球形踪迹测量,如由FTA200软件自动测定并报告,精确至0.01度。
接着使用3μL的二碘甲烷替代纯化水来重复上述规程。报告使用二碘甲烷时的接触角,精确至0.01度。
使用Fowkes公式并用表1所列的常数来计算并记录样本的面向婴儿表面的表面能,精确至0.001mJ/m2。
表1:用于测定外包裹物的表面能的溶剂
动态吸收测试
动态吸收测试通过如下方式测量测试流体在样本表面上的吸收:测量测试流体在其与表面接触并被吸收到表面中时的接触角的变化。固着液滴接触角使用FTA200动态接触角分析仪或等同物测量,所述分析仪具有FTA200软件,版本为2.1,构建340(购自First Ten Angstroms(Portsmouth,VA)。所有测量均是在恒定的温度(28℃±1℃)和湿度(33%±2%)下进行的。对于这些实验,测试流体为用纯化蒸馏水制备的0.9%w/v氯化钠(99.9%纯度),所述纯化蒸馏水是通过Milli-Q水系统(Millipore Corporation,Billerica,MA)处理的。
在测试之前,将样本在28℃±1℃且33%±2%的相对湿度下预处理2小时。打开外覆盖件制品,并且将其放置成使面向穿着者表面朝上。使用剪刀移除腿弹性部件(如果存在),使得制品能够被展平。沿覆盖件的纵向轴线选择采样点,所述采样点在后腰部的远侧边缘和覆盖件的总长度的中点之间是等距的。如果在该位点存在如接缝、按扣、标签等结构,则容许将采样区移位至邻近区域以避开它们。使用剪刀从所选择的位点切出面向穿着者表面的1cm乘3cm样本。将样本以粘合方式平坦地安装在玻璃显微镜载片上,使得没有脊存在,并且使面向穿着者表面朝上。
使用FTA200将7μL的测试流体悬挂在钝头的27规格的不锈钢针的端部。缓慢地提升样本的表面,直到其与液滴接触。在液滴和样本之间首次接触时,以光学方式触发以1幅图像/0.1秒的速率收集的视频流,并且在该液滴离开并随后与样本的表面达到平衡期间收集第一个3秒图像。使用液滴轮廓的非球形踪迹在每个图像上测量接触角,如由FTA200软件自动测定并报告,精确至0.01度。
离心保留容量(CRC)测试
离心保留容量(CRC)为样本的流体保留容量(吸收容量)的量度,所述样本被浸没在0.9%的NaCl盐水溶液中并持续30分钟,然后经受离心。该测试是基于Worldwide Strategic Partners Standard Test Method WSP241.2(09),Gravimetric Determination of Fluid Retention Capacity in Saline Solution afterCentrifugation的。
为了进行分析,将样本放置到如下袋中,所述袋由可热密封的、水可渗透的、非开孔的非织造材料构成。WSP241.2(09)中给出了所述袋材料的规格。测量待测试样本的长度(L)和宽度(W)。切出2×L+50mm乘W+25mm的袋材料片。横跨其宽度对折袋材料并且热密封开口边缘中的两个(与所述边缘相距大约3至5mm)。所完成的袋为L+25mm乘W+25mm。除了这些用于样本的袋以外,还制备三个用作空白袋的相同尺寸的袋。
外覆盖件材料样本的制备:打开外覆盖件制品,并且将其放置成使面向穿着者表面朝下。使用剪刀移除腿弹性部件(如果存在),使得制品能够被展平。沿覆盖件的纵向轴线选择采样点,所述采样点在后腰部的远侧边缘和覆盖件的总长度的中点之间是等距的。如果在该位点存在如接缝、按扣、标签等结构,则容许将采样区移位至邻近的区域以避开它们。用液压机和切割冲模(76.2mm正方形±0.1mm且8mm深)切割居中在该标记上的样本穿透该制品的所有层,其中样本的切割边缘平行和垂直于制品的纵向轴线和侧向轴线。获取并记录样本的干燥质量,精确至0.001克。将样本的所有层放置到尺寸得当的袋中并且热密封剩余的开口边缘。对于用于测试的每种样本,制备三个平行样本。
整体吸收插入件样本的制备:在测试之前,将样本在约23℃±2℃和约50%±2%的相对湿度下预处理2小时。展开该吸收插入件并将其放置成使面向穿着者表面朝上。使用剪刀沿制品的纵向边缘以大约2cm的间隔切割任何弹性部件,使得该制品能够被展平。将吸收插入件放置到一片铝箔上,并且沿纵向轴线和侧向轴线切割吸收插入件,从而得到四个单个样本。在经校准的天平上配衡适当尺寸的袋的重量。将样本以及在切割期间掉落到金属薄片上的任何材料放入经配衡的袋中并且热密封剩余的开口边缘。获取并记录样本的干燥质量,精确至0.001克。重复该规程以获得所述三个剩余样本的干燥质量。制备三个平行吸收插入件以用于测试。
整体外覆盖件样本的制备:获取并记录整个外覆盖件的干燥质量,精确至0.001克。制备三个平行外覆盖件以用于测试。
测试规程:获取一个大得足以保持多个袋或样本的平底盘,并且使其填充有0.9%的盐水溶液至一定水平,使得袋或样本能够被完全浸没。将待测试的袋或样本放置到盐水表面上,并且允许它们在浸没之前被润湿1分钟。放置到袋的边缘上的砝码可用于确保样本保持浸没,同时允许溶液被样本自由地吸收。在30分钟后,从盐水溶液中取出袋或样本并且立即将其转移到合适离心机的篮中,所述离心机能够使样本经受250G的离心加速度(如ClayAdams Dynac Centrifuge,购自Block Scientific(Bohemia,NY))。将样本在离心机中取向成使得面向穿着者表面朝外,除非面向穿着者表面是疏水性的,在该种情况下应当将其取向成朝内。将袋或样本定位,以便类似重量的样本彼此相对以保持适当的平衡。在250G下将袋或样本离心3分钟±10秒。然后取出袋或样本并立即称重。记录样本和袋、空白袋、或无袋样本的湿质量,精确至0.001克。
计算离心后的三个湿空白袋质量的平均值(mb);如果样本是在无袋情况下测试的,则忽略该值。对于每个样本(i=1,2和3),使用以下公式计算以质量分数(g/g)表示的离心保留容量(wi):
wi=((mwi-mb)-msi)/msi
式中msi为以克表示的干燥样本的质量,并且mwi为以克表示的湿样本和袋或无袋样本的质量。对于吸收插入件,按四个独立样本切割并测试。累加干燥样本的四个单个质量以得到msi,累加湿样本和袋的四个单个质量以得到mwi,并且累加离心后的四个湿空白袋平均质量以得到mb。使用这些值计算总离心保留容量(wi)值。计算并报告三次平行测定的平均离心保留容量,精确至0.001(g/g)。
水蒸气传输速率
水蒸气传输速率(WVTR)根据EDANA/INDA Worldwide StrategicPartners方法WSP70.4(08)使用Permatran-W型号100K(MOCON(Minnesota,MN))测量。所述测试方法根据WSP标准测试来运行,所述测试使用37.8C的测试设备温度、120SCCM的氮流速、以及具有2次循环和5分钟检测时间的标准模式。将每个单元单个地调节至60%±1.5%的相对湿度(RH)。标准参照膜(源自MOCON的S/N1008WK089)应当在测试样本之前运行,以便确保所述设备在正常运行。标准基准膜的结果应当在由MOCON报告的值的±10%以内。
使用剪刀或冲模将样本切割成直径为35mm。如果外覆盖件为多层的,则将样本作为复合材料样本来运行。将通常面向皮肤的外覆盖件的一侧取向成朝向用于测试的水。按g/m2/24hr报告WVTR,精确至1g/m2/24hr。
摩擦系数
静摩擦系数可使用ASTM方法D1894-01测量,具体如下。测试在具有计算机接口的定速延伸张力检验器(一种合适的仪器为使用Testworks4Software的MTS Alliance,如购自MTS Systems Corp.,Eden Prairie,MN的那种)上进行,所述仪器配有如D1894-01中所述的摩擦系数夹具和滑车(一种合适的夹具为购自Instron Corp.,Canton,MA的Coefficient of FrictionFixture and Sled)。所述设备如ASTM1894-01的图1.c中所述进行构造,使用具有320制粒的研磨表面的不锈钢平面作为目标表面。选择负载传感器使得所测的力在负载传感器量程的10%至90%以内。将张力检验器编程为127mm/min的夹头速度和130mm的总行程。数据以100Hz的速率收集。
将测试样本切割成6.35cm乘6.35cm的正方形,使其各边平行和垂直于外覆盖件的纵向轴线。使用双面粘合带(带应当足够宽以覆盖滑车表面的100%)将样本安装到滑车的泡沫橡胶侧上。使样本在滑车上取向成使得外覆盖件的面向皮肤表面将会面朝目标表面,并且外覆盖件的纵向轴线平行于滑车的拉动方向。安装有样本的滑车的质量精确至0.1克。在每次分析之间,用异丙醇清洁不锈钢平面的表面。为了测量对吸收插入件的静摩擦系数,目标表面为一种源自Clopay Plastics Products Company(Mason,OH)的18gsm的无光泽聚丙烯膜。
静摩擦系数如下计算:
静摩擦系数=AS/B
AS=以克力(gf)计的初始峰的最大峰值力
B=以克计的滑车的质量
抗弯刚度测试
峰值弯曲力和总刚度使用具有计算机接口的使用负载传感器的定速伸长张力检验器(一种合适的仪器为配有TestWorks4软件的MTS Alliance,如购自MTS Systems Corp.(Eden Prairie,Minnesota)的那种)测量,对于所述负载传感器,被测量的力在所述负载传感器的极限值的10%和90%的范围内。图4(前视图)和图5(侧视图)所示的压杆刀片600被用于上部可动式测试夹具。如图6所示的基座支撑平台700被用作下部固定式测试夹具。所有测试均在被保持在约23℃±2℃和约50%±2%相对湿度的调节室中进行。
压杆600的组件由轻质材料如铝制成以最大化可用的负载传感器容量。轴601是经加工的以适合张力检验器,并且具有锁圈602以稳定压杆并保持与基座支撑平台704正交对齐。刀片603为115mm长(608)×65mm高(607)×3.25mm宽(609)并且具有材料接触边缘,所述材料接触边缘具有1.625mm的连续半径。托架604配有用于校平刀片的固定螺钉605和用于在调节后将其固定的主固定螺钉606。
底部夹具700通过轴701和锁圈702连接到张力检验器上。将两个能够水平运动的支撑平台704安装在导轨703上。每个测试表面705为85mm宽706乘115mm长(伸进图的平面中)并且由抛光的不锈钢制成,以便具有最小的摩擦系数。每个平台具有可读出各个平台位置的数字位置监视器708,并且设定螺钉707以在调节后后锁定它们的位置。这两个平台704在间隙边缘处为正方形,并且板边缘应当前后平行。这两个平台形成间隙709,所述间隙具有可调节的间隙宽度710。
精确地(±0.02mm)对齐压杆刀片603,以便其正交于支撑平台704的顶部表面,并且相对于它们的间隙边缘不表现出倾斜。使用位置监视器708将支撑平台704的两个间隙边缘之间的间隙710精确地设定成13.25mm±0.02mm,其中压杆刀片603精确地(±0.02mm)居中在间隙中。将从压杆刀片603的底部至支撑平台704的顶部表面的标距设定成15mm。将张力检验器编程以执行压缩测试,以200Hz的采集速率收集力和延伸数据,其间夹头以500mm/min的速率下降35mm的总距离。
在测试之前,将样本在约23℃±2℃和约50%±2%的相对湿度下预处理2小时。打开外覆盖件制品并将其放置成使面向穿着者表面朝下。使用剪刀移除腿弹性部件,使得制品能够被展平。辨识并标记代表构成制品的大部分的材料的采样区的中心,从而确保其不含接缝、按扣、标签等。采样区可常常朝制品的后区/裆区定位。用液压机和切割冲模(76.2mm正方形±0.1mm且8mm深)切割居中在该标记上的样本穿透该制品的所有层,其中样本的切割边缘平行和垂直于制品的纵向轴线和侧向轴线。
将样本的所有层平坦地放置到间隙709之上的支撑平台704的表面上,并且使面向穿着者表面朝上。将样本1009布置在刀片603的下方,使得样本的约1/3在刀片边并且2/3在左方。将样本放置成使得对应于从吸收制品获取的吸收制品的侧向轴线的方向平行于刀片的长度。将所述负载传感器清零;开启所述张力检验器并且进行数据采集。将软件编程以从构造的力(N)对延伸(m)曲线计算出最大峰值弯曲力(N),并且记录为“侧面朝上”。
从间隙709中取出样本,保持面向穿着者侧向上。将样本顺时针旋转90°,并且将样本布置在刀片603的下方,使得样本的约1/3在刀片右方并且2/3在左方,从而暴露出用于测试的样本的新鲜区域。将所述负载传感器清零;开启所述张力检验器并且进行数据采集。将最大峰值弯曲力(N)记录为“纵向面朝上”。
从间隙709中取出样本,保持面向穿着者侧向上。将样本逆时针旋转90°,并且将样本从左方转向右方,以便面向穿着者表面朝下。将样本布置在刀片603的下方,使得样本的约1/3在刀片的右方并且2/3在左方,从而暴露出用于测试的样本的新鲜区域。将所述负载传感器清零;开启所述张力检验器并且进行数据采集。将最大峰值弯曲力(N)记录为“侧面朝下”。
从间隙709中取出样本,保持面向穿着者侧向下。将样本逆时针旋转90°,并且将样本布置在刀片603的下方,使得样本的约1/3在刀片的右方并且2/3在左方,从而暴露出用于测试的样本的新鲜区域。将所述负载传感器清零;开启张力检验器并且进行数据采集。将最大峰值弯曲力(N)记录为“纵向面朝下”。
通过汇总“侧面朝上”力、“纵向面朝上”力、“侧面朝下”力和“纵向面朝下”力计算样本的总刚度。报告总刚度,精确至0.001N。重复该测试并记录10个样本的结果。计算并报告平均总刚度。
本文所公开的量纲和值不旨在被理解为严格地限于所述的精确值。相反,除非另外指明,每个这样的量纲旨在表示所述值以及围绕该值功能上等同的范围。例如,所公开的尺寸“40mm”旨在表示“约40mm”。
除非明确地不包括在内或换句话讲限制,本文所引用的每篇文献,包括任何交叉引用的或相关的专利或专利申请,均特此以引用方式全文并入本文。任何文献的引用不是对其作为本文所公开的或受权利要求书保护的任何发明的现有技术,或者其单独地或者与任何其它参考文献的任何组合,或者参考、提出、建议或公开任何此类发明的认可。此外,当本发明中术语的任何含义或定义与以引用方式并入的文件中术语的任何含义或定义矛盾时,应当服从在本发明中赋予该术语的含义或定义。
尽管已用具体实施方案来说明和描述了本发明,但是对那些本领域的技术人员显而易见的是,在不背离本发明的精神和范围的情况下可作出许多其它的改变和变型。因此,随附权利要求书中旨在涵盖本发明范围内的所有这些改变和变型。
Claims (14)
1.一种用于吸收制品的外覆盖件,包括:
第一面向穿着者层,所述第一面向穿着者层具有面向穿着者表面;和
第二面向衣服层;
其中所述外覆盖件具有介于5g和100g之间的吸收容量,并且所述第一面向穿着者层的面向穿着者表面具有在0.5秒时小于约75度的DAT接触角。
2.如权利要求1所述的外覆盖件,其中所述第二面向衣服层是疏水性的。
3.如权利要求1或权利要求2所述的外覆盖件,其中所述外覆盖件整体具有介于1,200g/m2/24hr和15,000g/m2/24hr之间的水蒸气传输速率(WVTR)。
4.如权利要求3所述的外覆盖件,其中所述外覆盖件整体具有介于3,000g/m2/24hr和10,000g/m2/24hr之间的WVTR。
5.如权利要求1所述的外覆盖件,其中所述第一面向穿着者层的面向穿着者表面具有小于约3.5mJ/mm2的非极性表面能分量。
6.如权利要求5所述的外覆盖件,其中所述面向穿着者表面具有小于约3.0mJ/mm2的非极性表面能分量。
7.如权利要求6所述的外覆盖件,其中所述面向穿着者表面具有小于约2.5mJ/mm2的非极性表面能分量。
8.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的外覆盖件,其中所述第一面向穿着者层的面向穿着者表面具有在1秒时小于约70度的DAT接触角。
9.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的外覆盖件,其中所述第一面向穿着者层的面向穿着者表面具有在1秒时小于约45度的DAT接触角。
10.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的外覆盖件,其中所述第一面向穿着者层具有介于1秒和15秒之间的透湿时间。
11.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的外覆盖件,还包括设置在所述第一面向穿着者层和所述第二面向衣服层之间的第三层,其中所述第三层是疏水性的。
12.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的外覆盖件,其中所述第二面向衣服层具有涂覆有防水化合物的外表面。
13.如权利要求12所述的外覆盖件,其中所述防水化合物选自聚四氟乙烯、碳氟化合物衍生物、疏水性硅氧烷聚合物、疏水性氟化聚合物、以及它们的组合。
14.一种吸收制品,包括如前述权利要求中任一项所述的吸收插入件和外覆盖件,其中所述外覆盖件具有大于0且小于所述吸收插入件的吸收容量的吸收容量。
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2011
- 2011-07-22 CN CN2011800359061A patent/CN103025289A/zh active Pending
- 2011-07-22 JP JP2013520882A patent/JP2013536002A/ja active Pending
- 2011-07-22 EP EP11741038.1A patent/EP2595593A2/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2011-07-22 CA CA2805907A patent/CA2805907A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2011-07-22 WO PCT/US2011/045014 patent/WO2012012721A2/en active Application Filing
- 2011-07-22 BR BR112013000592A patent/BR112013000592A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2011-07-22 US US13/188,492 patent/US8974432B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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WO2008059403A2 (en) * | 2006-11-13 | 2008-05-22 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Absorbent articles with replaceable core component having fluid partitioning characteristics and method for evaluating such characteristics |
US20100179496A1 (en) * | 2009-01-15 | 2010-07-15 | Donald Carroll Roe | Disposable Absorbent Insert for Two-Piece Wearable Absorbent Article |
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CN104720829A (zh) * | 2015-03-19 | 2015-06-24 | 御基集团有限公司 | 一种获取吸收性制品的反馈信息的方法、装置 |
Also Published As
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EP2595593A2 (en) | 2013-05-29 |
CA2805907A1 (en) | 2012-01-26 |
WO2012012721A3 (en) | 2012-05-10 |
US8974432B2 (en) | 2015-03-10 |
BR112013000592A2 (pt) | 2016-07-05 |
JP2013536002A (ja) | 2013-09-19 |
US20120022481A1 (en) | 2012-01-26 |
WO2012012721A2 (en) | 2012-01-26 |
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