CN103022864A - Tunable narrow-linewidth array single-frequency fiber laser - Google Patents
Tunable narrow-linewidth array single-frequency fiber laser Download PDFInfo
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- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
- H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
- H01S3/063—Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
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- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/23—Arrangements of two or more lasers not provided for in groups H01S3/02 - H01S3/22, e.g. tandem arrangements of separate active media
- H01S3/2383—Parallel arrangements
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- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
- H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
- H01S3/063—Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
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- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
- H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
- H01S3/063—Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
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- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/09—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping
- H01S3/091—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping
- H01S3/094—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by coherent light
- H01S3/0941—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by coherent light of a laser diode
- H01S3/09415—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by coherent light of a laser diode the pumping beam being parallel to the lasing mode of the pumped medium, e.g. end-pumping
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- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
- H01S3/102—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating by controlling the active medium, e.g. by controlling the processes or apparatus for excitation
- H01S3/1028—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating by controlling the active medium, e.g. by controlling the processes or apparatus for excitation by controlling the temperature
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- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/005—Optical components external to the laser cavity, specially adapted therefor, e.g. for homogenisation or merging of the beams or for manipulating laser pulses, e.g. pulse shaping
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- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/02—Structural details or components not essential to laser action
- H01S5/022—Mountings; Housings
- H01S5/023—Mount members, e.g. sub-mount members
- H01S5/02325—Mechanically integrated components on mount members or optical micro-benches
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- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/40—Arrangement of two or more semiconductor lasers, not provided for in groups H01S5/02 - H01S5/30
- H01S5/4025—Array arrangements, e.g. constituted by discrete laser diodes or laser bar
Abstract
The invention provides a tunable narrow-linewidth array single-frequency fiber laser. The fiber laser comprises a semiconductor laser chip array portion, a tunable narrow-linewidth array single-frequency fiber laser array portion and a miniature short fiber power amplification portion. The tunable narrow-linewidth array single-frequency fiber laser can simultaneously achieve output of array single-frequency fiber lasers with 100GHz laser wavelength channel spacing, the single-transverse mode power is larger than or equal to 100mW, the signal to noise ratio is larger than or equal to 65dB, and the narrow-linewidth is smaller than or equal to 10kHz. A tunable function of central wavelength (or output ways) of each narrow-linewidth array single-frequency fiber laser output unit can be effectively achieved based on modes such as precise temperature control technology and selectivity pumping source working control, and accordingly real-time and effective tunable performance of output wavelength covering scopes formed by single-frequency fiber lasers in a narrow-linewidth array mode can be achieved. The tunable narrow-linewidth array single-frequency fiber laser can be widely used for coherent light communication and the application field that high-precision sensing and detection are carried out on a plurality of goals.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the applied optical-fiber lasers in field such as coherent optical communication, Fibre Optical Sensor and optical fiber remote sensing, especially a kind of tunable narrow linewidth array single-frequency fiber laser.
Background technology
Narrow-linewidth single frequency laser is an important directions of fiber laser development, it has utmost point narrow linewidth, low noise, excellent coherence, is widely used in coherent optical communication, long distance and the fields such as high-precision sensing, laser ranging and indication and material technology.Especially for coherent optical communication, the spectral line width of General Requirements LASER Light Source is extremely narrow, and (live width will directly determine the lowest bit error rate that can reach in the communication system, must reduce as far as possible), high, the multi-wavelength of frequency stability or tunable wave length output (satisfying multichannel work, superelevation message capacity bandwidth).Wherein narrow-linewidth single frequency optical-fiber laser spectral line width can reach 10
-8Nm is than narrow 2 orders of magnitude of live width of existing best narrow linewidth Distributed Feedback Laser, than narrow 5～6 orders of magnitude of the live width of DWDM signal optical source in the present optical communication network.Therefore, it is imperative to develop tunable kHz magnitude narrow-line width single frequency optical fiber laser.
Realize the output of narrow-linewidth single frequency optical-fiber laser, reasonably the optical texture design is most important.At present, commercial narrow-linewidth single frequency optical-fiber laser, the general highly doped quartz substrate optical fiber of rare earth ion that adopts is as the gain working media of single-frequency optical-fiber laser, in conjunction with short straight F-P cavity configuration mode, but the concentration that is limited by doping with rare-earth ions can't further improve and the factors such as the single-frequency laser resonator is long, the highest single-frequency optical-fiber laser that can only export several mW magnitudes, and live width difficulty accomplish below the 10kHz.
Yet, adopt the highly doped multicomponent glass matrix of rare earth ion optical fiber as the gain working media of single-frequency laser, can realize effectively that power output is greater than 100mW, the live width single-frequency optical-fiber laser output less than 2kHz.For example: adopt the long Yb codoped phosphate optical fiber of 2cm, realized that power output is the single-frequency optical-fiber laser output report [J. Lightwave Technol., 2004,22:57] of 1.5 μ m less than 2kHz, wavelength greater than 200mW, live width.In addition, 2004, U.S. Alexandria university and NP photon company have applied for high power narrow linewidth single-frequency laser system patent [publication number: US 2004/0240508 A1], based on the microchip laser resonator structure, but its desired single frequency laser does not have full fiberize, tunable wave length and array feature.2011, American I PG company has applied for high power narrow linewidth fiber laser patent [publication number: US 7903696 B2], based on 2 ultrashort Simple Harmonics chamber output low-power narrow-linewidth single frequency laser signals, carry out laser power by common erbium-doped fiber amplifier and High Power Double-Clad Fiber Amplifiers respectively and amplify, but its desired fiber laser does not have tunable wave length and array feature.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to solve the problem of prior art aspect, and a kind of tunable narrow linewidth array single frequency optical fiber laser is provided.The present invention utilizes respectively highly doped and high gain characteristics, the semiconductor laser chip array of multicomponent glass optical fiber array to provide pump energy, narrow linewidth optical fiber optical grating array to carry out frequency-selecting, adopt short straight F-P cavity configuration design, in conjunction with accurate temperature control technology and selectivity pumping source job control mode, recycle miniature short fiber power amplifier technology, can realize effectively that tunable kHz magnitude is (such as≤100kHz) narrow linewidth array single-frequency optical-fiber laser output.The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions.
A kind of tunable narrow linewidth array format single frequency optical fiber laser, it comprises semiconductor laser chip array, collimating lens coupled system, multicomponent glass optical fiber array, narrow band fiber bragg grating array, high power semiconductor lasers chip, protects inclined to one side wave multiplexer, short optical fiber front end plated film or the band optical fiber grating array of protecting inclined to one side Active Optical Fiber, optical isolator, the inclined to one side tail optical fiber of guarantor, thermoelectric refrigerating unit TEC, thermoelectric refrigerating unit TEC, heat sink and multicomponent glass optical fiber array of high-gain; The output of semiconductor laser chip array is connected with the collimating lens coupled system, collimating lens coupled system and multicomponent glass optical fiber array plated film end face or band optical fiber grating array are of coupled connections, multicomponent glass optical fiber array plated film end face or band optical fiber grating array are connected with the multicomponent glass optical fiber array, the multicomponent glass optical fiber array is connected with the input of narrow band fiber bragg grating array, the output of narrow band fiber bragg grating array is connected with the signal input part of protecting inclined to one side wave multiplexer, the output of high power semiconductor lasers chip is connected with the inclined to one side wave multiplexer pumping input of guarantor, the signal output part of protecting inclined to one side wave multiplexer is connected with the inclined to one side Active Optical Fiber of the short guarantor of high-gain, the inclined to one side Active Optical Fiber of the short guarantor of high-gain is connected with the input of optical isolator, and the output of optical isolator is connected with the inclined to one side tail optical fiber of guarantor; The semiconductor laser chip array is installed on the first thermoelectric refrigerating unit TEC, and multicomponent glass optical fiber array, narrow band fiber bragg grating array are installed on the second thermoelectric refrigerating unit TEC; The component units number average of each array is n, and n 〉=2(is such as 2 ~ 120), array is being connected one to one of component units with connected mode between the array; Described collimating lens coupled system comprises fast axis collimation lens and n slow axis collimating lens, and fast axis collimation lens and each slow axis collimating lens are of coupled connections.
Further optimize, described tunable narrow linewidth array format single frequency optical fiber laser also comprises heat sink, all building blocks of described tunable narrow linewidth array format single frequency optical fiber laser all fixedly be encapsulated in heat sink in.
Further optimize, the fibre core composition of the multicomponent glass optical fiber in the multicomponent glass optical fiber array is phosphate glass, and its chemical composition is: 65P
2O
5-9Al
2O
3-20BaO-4La
2O
3-2Nd
2O
3The host material of multicomponent glass optical fiber comprises phosphate glass, silicate glass, germanate glass and tellurate glass, (assembly of one or more in lanthanide ion, transition metal ions or other metal ions) of the rare earth luminous ion of fibre core doped with high concentration, the doping content of rare earth ion is greater than 1 * 10
19Ions/cm
3, wherein the doping content of ytterbium is greater than the doping content of erbium.
Further optimize, the fibre core of the multicomponent glass optical fiber in the multicomponent glass optical fiber array is circular, and core diameter is 3 ~ 15 μ m, and cladding diameter is 125 ~ 440 μ m; The refractive index of fibre core is N
1, the refraction index profile of covering is N
2, and satisfy relation: N
1N
2
Further optimize, the optical fiber front end plated film of multicomponent glass optical fiber array or band optical fiber grating array and multicomponent glass optical fiber array and narrow band fiber bragg grating array are connected to form a plurality of single-frequency optical-fiber laser output units; Each chip unit in the semiconductor laser chip array carries out pumping to single-frequency optical-fiber laser output unit accordingly, each single-frequency optical-fiber laser output unit is installed in one independently on the thermoelectric refrigerating unit TEC, each semiconductor laser chip unit of semiconductor laser chip array also is installed in one independently on the thermoelectric refrigerating unit TEC, by thermoelectric refrigerating unit TEC each single-frequency optical-fiber laser output unit being carried out critically temperature control regulates, thereby control single-frequency optical-fiber laser output wavelength, the fine tuning of realization Output of laser centre wavelength scope; The unlatching of the one or more semiconductor laser chips of Selective Control unit or close realizes the tunable of output way, makes described single-frequency optical-fiber laser output unit become tunable narrow-linewidth single frequency optical-fiber laser output unit; A plurality of tunable narrow-linewidth single frequency optical-fiber laser output units by protecting inclined to one side wave multiplexer, are taked to close the ripple mode and are formed array output, namely form tunable narrow linewidth array single-frequency optical-fiber laser output.
Further optimize, the optical fiber front end plated film of described multicomponent glass optical fiber array or band optical fiber grating array are thoroughly high to the pump light wavelength, and transmissivity is between 80% ~ 99%; High anti-to the laser signal wavelength, reflectivity is 80 ~ 99%; Each root narrow band fiber bragg grating is to the selective reflection of laser signal wavelength in the narrow band fiber bragg grating array, and the reflectivity of its central wavelength is 5 ~ 90%; The foveal reflex wavelength of each root narrow band fiber bragg grating is positioned at the optical fiber front end plated film of multicomponent glass optical fiber array or the reflection spectral line of band optical fiber grating.
Further, described film or band optical fiber grating pair laser signal wavelength are high anti-, and reflectivity is greater than 85%; Thoroughly high to the pump light wavelength, transmissivity is greater than 85%.
Further optimize, the semiconductor laser chip unit of described semiconductor laser chip array is more than one in the semiconductor laser chip of limit emitting structural semiconductor laser chip or other packing forms, described semiconductor laser chip unit output parameter is pumping wavelength 800～1500nm, the output pump power is greater than 40mW, and pump mode is that the semiconductor laser chip unit adopts forward pumping, backward pump, front and back two directional pump or the combination pump mode between them.
Further optimize, described high power semiconductor lasers chip output parameter is pumping wavelength 800～1500nm, and the output pump power is greater than 200mW, and pump mode is that the high power semiconductor lasers chip adopts forward pumping or backward pump mode; The inclined to one side tail optical fiber of described guarantor is monomode fiber, and its core diameter is 4～15 μ m, and cladding diameter is 125 μ m, and numerical aperture is 0.1～0.3.
Further optimize, the inclined to one side wave multiplexer of described guarantor is that the plane-based plate hight is protected inclined to one side wave multiplexer, it is the Highgrade integration optical device that utilizes planar optical waveguide photoetching and ion etching technology to make, its type is (1+ m) * 1, export through signal output part after the pump light of m input signal (output signal of tunable narrow-linewidth single frequency optical-fiber laser unit) and a high power semiconductor lasers chip closed ripple signal input part port number m 〉=1 again.
Further optimize, the inclined to one side Active Optical Fiber of the short guarantor of described high-gain is high-gain multicomponent glass polarization maintaining optical fibre, and cross sectional shape is panda face structure, and fibre core is circular, and core diameter is generally 2 ~ 15 μ m; Two panda eye symmetry arrangement and with fibre core spacing from being 10 ~ 40 μ m, panda eye diameter is 10 ~ 30 μ m; Short inclined to one side Active Optical Fiber (9) covering of protecting of high-gain is circular, and diameter is 125 ~ 440 μ m, and its fibre core composition is phosphate glass, and chemical composition is: 65P
2O
5-9Al
2O
3-20BaO-4La
2O
3-2Nd
2O
3Its host material comprises phosphate glass, silicate glass, germanate glass or tellurate glass, (assembly of one or more in lanthanide ion, transition metal ions or other metal ions) of the rare earth luminous ion of its fibre core doped with high concentration, the doping content of rare earth ion is greater than 1 * 10
19Ions/cm
3, the doping content of ytterbium is greater than the doping content of erbium.
Further optimize, described collimating lens coupled system comprises fast axis collimation lens and slow axis collimating lens, and is cylindrical for the graded index profile microlens structure, and diameter of phi is greater than 1mm, and thickness d is greater than 0.5mm.
Further optimize, the multicomponent glass optical fiber array is as the working media of single-frequency optical-fiber laser, it is 0.5 ~ 20 cm that described multicomponent glass optical fiber uses length, and it specifically uses length to carry out different selections according to watt level, the live width size requirements of single-frequency optical-fiber laser output unit.
Further, the resonant cavity of described each single-frequency optical-fiber laser output unit adopts short bore configurations, is made of the front Effect of Back-Cavity Mirror form of F-P cavity configuration each root multicomponent glass optical fiber end face coating or a band optical fiber grating (optional) and narrow band fiber bragg grating.Described front cavity mirror plates film by an end (front end) end face of each root multicomponent glass optical fiber or band optical fiber grating (optional) is finished.The foveal reflex wavelength of described each root narrow band fiber bragg grating is positioned at the reflection spectral line of multicomponent glass optical fiber end face coating film or band optical fiber grating (optional).Narrow band fiber bragg grating is to the selective reflection of laser signal wavelength (being the part transmission), and the centre wavelength reflectivity is 5 ~ 90%, and it is as the Effect of Back-Cavity Mirror and output coupling components and parts of single-frequency optical fiber laser resonant cavity.
Further optimize, each single-frequency optical fiber laser resonant cavity (mainly being consisted of by multicomponent glass optical fiber and fiber grating), place one independently to carry out accurate temperature control adjusting on the thermoelectric refrigerating unit TEC, the fine tuning of the laser center wavelength of single-frequency optical-fiber laser output unit is realized in its temperature control precision＜± 0.01 ℃ by accurate temperature control.
Further optimize, connected mode is by after its corresponding fiber end face of grinding and polishing between described optical device or the optical fiber, adopts the mechanical splice coupling, perhaps adopts heat sealing machine melting butt coupling.After the power amplification of described tunable narrow linewidth array single-frequency optical-fiber laser, through optical isolator, the inclined to one side tail optical fiber output of guarantor, wherein optical isolator ensures the normal feedback of light path and suppresses the reflection of end face light, power stability and the reliability of raising Output of laser again.
Further optimize, it is the Highgrade integration optical device that utilizes planar optical waveguide photoetching and ion etching technology to make that described plane-based plate hight is protected inclined to one side wave multiplexer, its type is (1+ m) * 1, (m 〉=1 wherein, expression signal input part port number, such as (1+1) * 1, (1+10) * 1, (1+40) * 1 etc.), the pumping laser of m tunable narrow-linewidth single frequency optical-fiber laser unit and a high power semiconductor lasers chip can be closed ripple together, through its signal output part output.
Described light path and components and parts fixedly be encapsulated in a metal material heat sink on, effectively carry out heat dissipation, the accumulation of heat problem when avoiding the work of tunable narrow linewidth array single-frequency optical-fiber laser guarantees the Stability and dependability of power output, laser work wavelength.
Described collimating lens coupled system is made of a fast axis collimation lens unit and slow axis collimator lens array, the divergent state pumping laser of each LD chip unit output is through fast axis collimation lens unit focussed collimated, and then the pumping laser after the collimation focuses on through the slow axis collimator lens array and is coupled into optical fiber.
The some work principle explanation of such scheme of the present invention: at first, select semiconductor laser chip array (by a plurality of independent semiconductor laser chip cell formations) that single-frequency optical fiber laser resonant cavity array (mainly being made of multicomponent glass optical fiber array and optical fiber optical grating array) is carried out pumping, jointly realize the single-frequency optical-fiber laser output unit of array format.Then by temperature control micromodule---thermoelectric refrigerating unit (TEC chip) is carried out critically temperature control to each single-frequency optical-fiber laser output unit and regulated, thereby can control single-frequency optical-fiber laser output wavelength, realize the fine tuning of Output of laser centre wavelength scope; In addition, the output of whether working simultaneously of one or more wavelength of Selective Control namely realizes the tunable of output way (output wavelength number), and these control modes can realize the tunable formal output of narrow-linewidth single frequency optical-fiber laser.Secondly, a plurality of tunable narrow-linewidth single frequency optical-fiber laser output units are protected inclined to one side wave multiplexer by the plane-based plate hight, take to close the ripple mode and form array output, namely form tunable narrow linewidth array single-frequency optical-fiber laser output, but its power output are generally lower.At last, adopt miniature short fiber power amplifier technology, the pumping laser of tunable narrow linewidth array single-frequency optical-fiber laser (signal seed laser) and a high power semiconductor lasers chip is closed ripple together, enter that one section high-gain is short protects inclined to one side Active Optical Fiber and carry out power amplification to its power output and reach certain requirement, namely can realize the tunable narrow linewidth array single-frequency optical-fiber laser output of general application requirements.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following advantage and remarkable result: high-gain multicomponent glass optical fiber array is as the working media of laser, and multicomponent glass optical fiber end face coating or band optical fiber grating (optional) and narrow band fiber bragg grating form the front Effect of Back-Cavity Mirror of short F-P cavity configuration.Under the continuous pumping excitation of semiconductor laser chip, rare earth luminous ion generation population inversion in the multicomponent glass optical fiber fibre core produces the stimulated radiation flashlight, under the mirror effect of chamber, flashlight is oscillatory feedback and repeatedly being amplified back and forth repeatedly, and finally produces Laser output.Because laserresonator chamber length only has a centimetre magnitude, the longitudinal mode spacing in the chamber can reach GHz, and is narrow to 0.08nm when narrow band fiber bragg grating 3dB reflectance spectrum, can realize stable single longitudinal mode (single-frequency) Laser output.Continuing increases pumping light power, can realize at last the narrow-linewidth single frequency optical-fiber laser output of kHz magnitude.
Each narrow-linewidth single frequency optical-fiber laser output unit is placed respectively one independently on the thermoelectric refrigerating unit TEC, carrying out accurate temperature control regulates, because extraneous thermal stress affects the reflection wavelength of fiber grating and causes the variation that the laserresonator chamber is long, can cause the variation (skew) of laser center wavelength, but the optical maser wavelength offset ranges that variations in temperature causes is limited, namely can realize the fine tuning of the optical maser wavelength of each narrow-linewidth single frequency optical-fiber laser output unit; In addition, select wherein one or more LD chip units to open or close, selectivity loads the pumping source operating state, controls the output of whether working simultaneously of one or more wavelength, namely realizes the tunable of output wavelength (output way).Based on accurate temperature control technology and selectivity pumping source job control mode, can effectively realize the tunable of each narrow-linewidth single frequency optical-fiber laser output unit, a plurality of tunable narrow-linewidth single frequency optical-fiber laser output units take to close ripple mode (forming array format output), namely can realize tunable narrow linewidth array single-frequency optical-fiber laser output.
By miniature short fiber power amplification funtion part, namely adopt a plane-based plate hight to protect inclined to one side wave multiplexer, with each tunable narrow-linewidth single frequency optical-fiber laser (signal seed laser) output unit with the pumping laser of a high power semiconductor lasers chip close ripple to, enter that one section high-gain is short protects inclined to one side Active Optical Fiber; At first, under the continuous pumping of high power semiconductor lasers chip, the short highly doped rare earth luminous ion generation population inversion of protecting in the inclined to one side Active Optical Fiber fibre core of high-gain, tunable narrow linewidth array single-frequency optical-fiber laser (signal seed laser) after closing ripple is when passing through, metastable particle transits to ground state with the form of stimulated radiation, and discharge and the identical complete same photon of tunable narrow linewidth array single-frequency optical-fiber laser, thereby realize the power amplification of tunable narrow linewidth array single-frequency optical-fiber laser, make power output reach requirement.The pumping wavelength of the input power by optimizing narrow linewidth array single-frequency optical-fiber laser signal, the use length that high-gain is protected inclined to one side Active Optical Fiber, high power semiconductor lasers and pump power etc. can obtain high s/n ratio, moderate, the low noise tunable narrow linewidth array single-frequency optical-fiber laser of power output is exported.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is tunable narrow linewidth array single-frequency fiber laser principle schematic in the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is TEC temperature control mode and encapsulation schematic diagram in the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 is Yb codoped phosphate polarization maintaining optical fibre structural representation in the embodiment of the invention.
Among the figure: 1-semiconductor laser LD chip, 2-fast axis collimation lens, 3-slow axis collimating lens, 4-multicomponent glass optical fiber (Yb codoped phosphate optical fiber) plated film end face, 5-multicomponent glass optical fiber (Yb codoped phosphate optical fiber), 6-narrow band fiber bragg grating, 7-high power semiconductor lasers chip, 8-plane-based plate hight is protected inclined to one side wave multiplexer, short inclined to one side Active Optical Fiber, the 10-optical isolator protected of 9-high-gain, 11-protect inclined to one side tail optical fiber, the 12-the first thermoelectric refrigerating unit TEC, the 13-the second thermoelectric refrigerating unit TEC, 14-heat sink.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment and accompanying drawing, explaination that the present invention is further illustrated, but be not limited to this execution mode.
As shown in Figure 1, the laser Effect of Back-Cavity Mirror is used the plated film mode in the tunable narrow linewidth array single-frequency fiber laser, and the laser front cavity mirror uses narrow band fiber bragg grating, and each narrow-linewidth single frequency optical-fiber laser output unit adopts semiconductor laser forward pumping mode; Miniature short fiber power amplification unit adopts high power semiconductor lasers chip 7 forward pumping modes, semiconductor laser chip array 1 comprises that 40 (1 ~ n, n=40) semiconductor laser (LD) chip units consist of forming array with the collimating lens coupled system.Wherein each LD chip unit output and fast axis collimation lens 2 are of coupled connections, fast axis collimation lens 2 is of coupled connections with each slow axis collimating lens 3, slow axis collimating lens 3 focuses on multicomponent glass optical fiber (Yb codoped phosphate optical fiber) plated film end face 4 and is of coupled connections, and realizes that so respectively the low-loss of 1 to 40 narrow-linewidth single frequency optical-fiber laser output unit of 40 LD chip units is of coupled connections.Wherein each LD chip unit carries out precision temperature control by the first thermoelectric refrigerating unit TEC 12 independently, guarantees its job stability.
In the tunable narrow linewidth array single-frequency fiber laser, by 40 tunable narrow-linewidth single frequency optical-fiber laser cell formation array formats, the optical maser wavelength channel spacing of each narrow linewidth array single-frequency optical-fiber laser unit is 100GHz, and it comprises that the optical fiber front end plated film 4(of multicomponent glass optical fiber array adopts Yb codoped phosphate optical fiber plated film), multicomponent glass optical fiber array 5(adopts Yb codoped phosphate optical fiber), narrow band fiber bragg grating array 6.The semiconductor laser chip array that is made of 40 LD chip units carries out pumping to 40 single-frequency optical-fiber laser unit respectively, wherein 40 Yb codoped phosphate optical fiber front end end face coatings connect together with 40 Yb codoped phosphate optical fiber integrallies respectively, 40 Yb codoped phosphate optical fiber are of coupled connections with narrow band fiber bragg grating array 6 inputs respectively, narrow band fiber bragg grating array 6 outputs with protect inclined to one side wave multiplexer 8(and adopt the plane-based plate hight to protect inclined to one side wave multiplexer) signal input part is connected.
Wherein high-gain Yb codoped phosphate optical fiber specifically uses length to determine that this example uses length to be 1cm according to single-frequency laser power output size and live width size as the gain working media of laser, and normal operation length is 0.5 ~ 20 cm.Rare earth luminous ion erbium and the ytterbium of doped with high concentration, its doping content is respectively 2 * 10
20Ions/cm
3, 4.0 * 10
20Ions/cm
3, its core diameter is that 6 μ m and cladding diameter are 125 μ m, the fibre core main component is that the phosphate glass component (forms: 65P
2O
5-9Al
2O
3-20BaO-4La
2O
3-2Nd
2O
3), rare earth luminous ion is uniform high-concentration dopant in fibre core.Yb codoped phosphate optical fiber 5 is to make preform by boring method, rod-in-tube technique, and drawing forms in fiber drawing tower.
Yb codoped phosphate optical fiber one end end face coating 4(realizes the high anti-Effect of Back-Cavity Mirror for 1.5 μ m signal light wavelengths) and narrow band fiber bragg grating array 6 form the front Effect of Back-Cavity Mirror of lacking the F-P cavity configurations.The foveal reflex wavelength of each narrow band fiber bragg grating in the narrow band fiber bragg grating array 6 is positioned at the gain spectral of laser working medium, and be positioned at the high reflectance spectrum of Yb codoped phosphate fiber end face plated film rete, reflectivity is 80%, and general reflectivity is 5 ~ 90%.Reflect the crucial optical parametric of the gratings such as spectrum width, centre wavelength, reflectivity by the 3dB of accurate control fiber grating, and strict control gate section length and reflectance spectrum side lobe effect, whole single-frequency laser resonator length is controlled at below 2 cm, thereby can guarantee in the situation of reflectance spectrum live width less than 0.05nm of narrow band fiber bragg grating, only there is a single longitudinal mode pattern in the laser cavity, and occurs without mode hopping and mode competition phenomenon.Inject pump light with semiconductor laser chip unit 1, adopt the forward pumping mode, pump light is input in the high-gain array Yb codoped phosphate fiber core in the laserresonator, make its highly doped rare earth luminous ion generation population inversion, produce the laser signal of stimulated radiation, flashlight is under the feedback effect of the front Effect of Back-Cavity Mirror of short F-P cavity configuration, repeatedly vibrate back and forth and repeatedly amplified, before laser power is saturated, continuous enhancing along with pump power, the single-frequency laser live width will constantly narrow down, and can realize at last the narrow-linewidth single frequency optical-fiber laser output unit of kHz magnitude.
40 narrow-linewidth single frequency optical-fiber laser output units are placed respectively 40 independently on the second thermoelectric refrigerating unit TEC13, carry out accurate temperature control and regulate, can realize the fine tuning of the laser center wavelength of narrow-linewidth single frequency optical-fiber laser output unit; In addition, select wherein one or more LD chip units to open or close, selectivity loads the pumping source operating state, can realize the tunable of output wavelength (output way).Based on temperature control technology and selectivity pumping source job control mode, can effectively realize the tunable of narrow-linewidth single frequency optical-fiber laser, 40 tunable narrow-linewidth single frequency optical-fiber laser output units take to close ripple mode (forming array format output), namely can realize tunable narrow-linewidth single frequency laser array formal output.
As shown in Figure 2, miniature short fiber power amplification unit is comprised of high power semiconductor lasers chip 7, the inclined to one side wave multiplexer 8 of guarantor, the inclined to one side Active Optical Fiber 9 of the short guarantor of high-gain.Wherein, the short short Yb codoped phosphate polarization maintaining optical fibre of inclined to one side Active Optical Fiber 9 employing high-gains of protecting of high-gain, end face to narrow band fiber bragg grating array 6 carries out grinding and polishing, narrow band fiber bragg grating array 6 outputs and plane-based plate hight protect that signal input part is of coupled connections in the inclined to one side wave multiplexer 8, high power semiconductor lasers chip 7 outputs and plane-based plate hight protect that the pumping input is of coupled connections in the inclined to one side wave multiplexer 8, and the plane-based plate hight is protected inclined to one side wave multiplexer 8 signal output parts and the Yb codoped phosphate polarization maintaining optical fibre is of coupled connections.Namely protect inclined to one side wave multiplexer 8 by the plane-based plate hight, tunable narrow linewidth array single-frequency optical-fiber laser output unit signal and a high power semiconductor lasers chip 7 are carried out the photosynthetic ripple of flashlight pumping, carry out power amplification among entering the short Yb codoped phosphate polarization maintaining optical fibre of one section high-gain, amplify one or more narrow-linewidth single frequency optical-fiber laser signal.The single-frequency optical-fiber laser signal output part that amplifies is linked to each other with the input of optical isolator 10, the output of optical isolator 10 is linked to each other with the input of protecting inclined to one side tail optical fiber 11, finally by the tunable narrow linewidth array single-frequency optical-fiber laser of protecting inclined to one side tail optical fiber 11 output stable outputs, all light paths and components and parts fixedly are encapsulated in the metal material heat sink 14 and dispel the heat.
As shown in Figure 3, the core diameter of Yb codoped phosphate polarization maintaining optical fibre is 8 μ m, the opal diameter is 15 μ m, with fibre core spacing from being 25 μ m, cladding diameter is 125 μ m, optimize the use length of high-gain Yb codoped phosphate polarization maintaining optical fibre, this example is 5cm, obtains the tunable narrow linewidth array format single-frequency optical-fiber laser output of signal to noise ratio 〉=65dB, power output 〉=100mW, Output of laser live width≤10 kHz.
Claims (10)
1. a tunable narrow linewidth array format single frequency optical fiber laser is characterized in that comprising semiconductor laser chip array (1), the collimating lens coupled system, multicomponent glass optical fiber array (5), narrow band fiber bragg grating array (6), high power semiconductor lasers chip (7), protect inclined to one side wave multiplexer (8), the short inclined to one side Active Optical Fiber (9) of protecting of high-gain, optical isolator (10), protect inclined to one side tail optical fiber (11), the first thermoelectric refrigerating unit TEC(12), the second thermoelectric refrigerating unit TEC(13), optical fiber front end plated film (4) or the band optical fiber grating array of heat sink (14) and multicomponent glass optical fiber array; The output of semiconductor laser chip array is connected with the collimating lens coupled system, collimating lens coupled system and multicomponent glass optical fiber array plated film end face or band optical fiber grating array are of coupled connections, multicomponent glass optical fiber array plated film end face or band optical fiber grating array are connected with multicomponent glass optical fiber array (5), multicomponent glass optical fiber array (5) is connected with the input of narrow band fiber bragg grating array (6), the output of narrow band fiber bragg grating array (6) is connected with the signal input part of protecting inclined to one side wave multiplexer (8), the output of high power semiconductor lasers chip (7) is connected with guarantor's inclined to one side wave multiplexer (8) pumping input, the signal output part of protecting inclined to one side wave multiplexer (8) is connected with the short inclined to one side Active Optical Fiber (9) of protecting of high-gain, the short inclined to one side Active Optical Fiber (9) of protecting of high-gain is connected with the input of optical isolator, and the output of optical isolator is connected with the inclined to one side tail optical fiber of guarantor; Semiconductor laser chip array (1) is installed on the first thermoelectric refrigerating unit TEC, and multicomponent glass optical fiber array (5), narrow band fiber bragg grating array (6) are installed on the second thermoelectric refrigerating unit TEC; The component units number average of each array is n, n 〉=2, and array is being connected one to one of component units with connected mode between the array; Described collimating lens coupled system comprises fast axis collimation lens (2) and n slow axis collimating lens (3), and fast axis collimation lens (2) is of coupled connections with each slow axis collimating lens (3).
2. a kind of tunable narrow linewidth array format single frequency optical fiber laser according to claim 1, characterized by further comprising heat sink (14), all building blocks of described tunable narrow linewidth array format single frequency optical fiber laser all fixedly are encapsulated in heat sink (14).
3. a kind of tunable narrow linewidth array format single frequency optical fiber laser according to claim 1, the fibre core composition that it is characterized in that the multicomponent glass optical fiber in the multicomponent glass optical fiber array (5) is phosphate glass, its chemical composition is: 65P
2O
5-9Al
2O
3-20BaO-4La
2O
3-2Nd
2O
3The host material of multicomponent glass optical fiber comprises phosphate glass, silicate glass, germanate glass and tellurate glass, the rare earth luminous ion of fibre core doped with high concentration, and the doping content of rare earth ion is greater than 1 * 10
19Ions/cm
3, wherein the doping content of ytterbium is greater than the doping content of erbium.
4. a kind of tunable narrow linewidth array format single frequency optical fiber laser according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the fibre core of the multicomponent glass optical fiber in the multicomponent glass optical fiber array (5) is for circular, core diameter is 3 ~ 15 μ m, and cladding diameter is 125 ~ 440 μ m; The refractive index of fibre core is N
1, the refraction index profile of covering is N
2, and satisfy relation: N
1N
2
5. a kind of tunable narrow linewidth array format single frequency optical fiber laser according to claim 1 is characterized in that
The optical fiber front end plated film (4) of multicomponent glass optical fiber array or band optical fiber grating array and multicomponent glass optical fiber array (5) and narrow band fiber bragg grating array (6) are connected to form a plurality of single-frequency optical-fiber laser output units; Each chip unit in the semiconductor laser chip array carries out pumping to single-frequency optical-fiber laser output unit accordingly, each single-frequency optical-fiber laser output unit is installed in one independently on the thermoelectric refrigerating unit TEC, each semiconductor laser chip unit of semiconductor laser chip array (1) also is installed in one independently on the thermoelectric refrigerating unit TEC, by thermoelectric refrigerating unit TEC each single-frequency optical-fiber laser output unit being carried out critically temperature control regulates, thereby control single-frequency optical-fiber laser output wavelength, the fine tuning of realization Output of laser centre wavelength scope; The unlatching of the one or more semiconductor laser chips of Selective Control unit or close realizes the tunable of output way, makes described single-frequency optical-fiber laser output unit become tunable narrow-linewidth single frequency optical-fiber laser output unit; A plurality of tunable narrow-linewidth single frequency optical-fiber laser output units by protecting inclined to one side wave multiplexer, are taked to close the ripple mode and are formed array output, namely form tunable narrow linewidth array single-frequency optical-fiber laser output.
6. a kind of tunable narrow linewidth array format single frequency optical fiber laser according to claim 1, the optical fiber front end plated film (4) or the band optical fiber grating array that it is characterized in that described multicomponent glass optical fiber array are thoroughly high to the pump light wavelength, and transmissivity is between 80% ~ 99%; High anti-to the laser signal wavelength, reflectivity is 80 ~ 99%; Each root narrow band fiber bragg grating is to the selective reflection of laser signal wavelength in the narrow band fiber bragg grating array (6), and the reflectivity of its central wavelength is 5 ~ 90%; The foveal reflex wavelength of each root narrow band fiber bragg grating is positioned at the optical fiber front end plated film of multicomponent glass optical fiber array or the reflection spectral line of band optical fiber grating.
7. a kind of tunable narrow linewidth array format single frequency optical fiber laser according to claim 1, the semiconductor laser chip unit that it is characterized in that described semiconductor laser chip array is more than one in the semiconductor laser chip of limit emitting structural semiconductor laser chip or other packing forms, described semiconductor laser chip unit output parameter is pumping wavelength 800～1500nm, the output pump power is greater than 40mW, and pump mode is that the semiconductor laser chip unit adopts forward pumping, backward pump, front and back two directional pump or the combination pump mode between them.
8. a kind of tunable narrow linewidth array format single frequency optical fiber laser according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described high power semiconductor lasers chip (7) output parameter is pumping wavelength 800～1500nm, the output pump power is greater than 200mW, and pump mode is that high power semiconductor lasers chip (7) adopts forward pumping or backward pump mode; The inclined to one side tail optical fiber of described guarantor is monomode fiber, and its core diameter is 4～15 μ m, and cladding diameter is 125 μ m, and numerical aperture is 0.1～0.3.
9. a kind of tunable narrow linewidth array format single frequency optical fiber laser according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the inclined to one side wave multiplexer of described guarantor (8) protects inclined to one side wave multiplexer for the plane-based plate hight, it is the Highgrade integration optical device that utilizes planar optical waveguide photoetching and ion etching technology to make, its type is (1+ m) * 1, export through signal output part after the pump light of m input signal and a high power semiconductor lasers chip closed ripple signal input part port number m 〉=1 again.
10. a kind of tunable narrow linewidth array format single frequency optical fiber laser according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the short inclined to one side Active Optical Fiber (9) of protecting of described high-gain is high-gain multicomponent glass polarization maintaining optical fibre, cross sectional shape is panda face structure, fibre core is circular, and core diameter is generally 2 ~ 15 μ m; Two panda eye symmetry arrangement and with fibre core spacing from being 10 ~ 40 μ m, panda eye diameter is 10 ~ 30 μ m; Short inclined to one side Active Optical Fiber (9) covering of protecting of high-gain is circular, and diameter is 125 ~ 440 μ m, and its fibre core composition is phosphate glass, and chemical composition is: 65P
2O
5-9Al
2O
3-20BaO-4La
2O
3-2Nd
2O
3, its host material comprises phosphate glass, silicate glass, germanate glass or tellurate glass, the rare earth luminous ion of its fibre core doped with high concentration, the doping content of rare earth ion is greater than 1 * 10
19Ions/cm
3, the doping content of ytterbium is greater than the doping content of erbium.
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