CN102994160B - Entrained-flow bed gasifier for solid-phase deslagging - Google Patents
Entrained-flow bed gasifier for solid-phase deslagging Download PDFInfo
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- CN102994160B CN102994160B CN201210387678.0A CN201210387678A CN102994160B CN 102994160 B CN102994160 B CN 102994160B CN 201210387678 A CN201210387678 A CN 201210387678A CN 102994160 B CN102994160 B CN 102994160B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/16—Combined cycle power plant [CCPP], or combined cycle gas turbine [CCGT]
- Y02E20/18—Integrated gasification combined cycle [IGCC], e.g. combined with carbon capture and storage [CCS]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
- Y02P20/129—Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines
Abstract
The invention provides an entrained-flow bed gasifier for solid-phase deslagging, wherein the gasifier is divided into a gasifying chamber and a cooling chamber which are spaced via a segmented conical sealing head; the shell of the gasifying chamber is sequentially composed of a heat-isolating material layer, a cooling tube and a wear-resistant material layer form outside to inside; a cooling liquid inlet is formed on the bottom of the gasifying chamber, and a cooling liquid outlet is formed on the top of the gasifying chamber; a top nozzle is formed at the centre of the top of the gasifying chamber, and more than three side nozzles are uniformly distributed on the upper part of the gasifying chamber along a circumference; a gasifying product discharge port is formed at the centre of the segmented conical sealing head; a rotational-flow cooling jacket is arranged at the outer side of the gasifying product discharge port, and the upper part of the rotational-flow cooling jacket is connected with a cold coal gas return port; and a coal gas outlet is formed on the upper part of the cooling chamber, a solid deslagging port is formed on the bottom of the cooling chamber, and the waste heat of the gasifying product is adequately utilized for eliminating the problem of black water.
Description
One, technical field
The present invention relates to coal chemical technology, especially, relate to coal gas fluidized bed gasification.
Two, background technology
Gasification is the cleaning and efficient tap and the gordian technique of utilizing of coal.Entrained flow gasification is the New type coal cocurrent flow type gasification technology growing up nearest decades, vaporized chemical and coal dust or coal slurry enter vaporizer through nozzle, the pyrolysis of coal, burning and gasification reaction almost carry out simultaneously, high temperature has guaranteed being gasified totally of coal, and the mineral substance in coal leaves vapourizing furnace after becoming slag.Compare with traditional gasification technology, pressurized entrained-bed gasification temperature is high, processing power large, gas effective constituent is high, gasification efficiency is high, is future coal gasification technology developing direction.
It is different with layout that air-flow bed coal-gasification technique is pressed nozzle quantity at present, can be divided into the outspoken spray of single spraying and multi-nozzle to spraying two classes.As Texaco coal water slurry gasification and GSP coal gasification all adopt the outspoken spray mode of single spraying, its advantage is structure and control is simple, cost is low, but the fluid relating under high temperature, high pressure, heterogeneous conditions due to pressurized gasification process flows and associated transmittance process and complicated chemical reaction process, the outspoken atomization effect of single spraying is undesirable, and gasification efficiency is relatively low; The treatment capacity amplitude of accommodation is little in addition, capacity is little, cannot meet the demand of maximization.Shell and multi-nozzle coal water slurry process have adopted multi-nozzle to spray structure, improved vapourizing furnace mass-and heat-transfer effect, the index such as efficiency of carbon conversion, energy consumption increases, but, Shell multi-nozzle structure has increased the complicacy of equipment, particularly need independently linkage control system, thereby increased equipment manufacturing cost, operation easier and maintenance rate; The opposed gasifying process of coal water slurry multi-nozzle is because the distribution of flame field easily causes the ablation of furnace roof portion refractory materials, and furnace roof refractory brick life only has some months, has greatly improved investment.
Vapourizing furnace raw gas out has very high temperature (1200～1700 ℃), in order to allow the melting ashes of carrying secretly solidify, and simultaneously in order to reclaim heat energy, need to be cooling to it.At present, the hot mode that moves of industrial employing has two kinds: a kind of is up pot destroying process, produces high pressure steam; Another kind is descending water chilling process, produces saturation water raw gas.Up pot destroying process thermo-efficiency is high, and caloric power of gas is high, is applicable to follow-up IGCC generating; But up pot destroying process is only the part heat that has reclaimed gas, and the heat of slag is not reclaimed, and it is high to adopt cooled coal gas Quench to add useless pot of mode equipment complexity, cooled coal gas energy consumption that reclaims preheating.Chilling process gasification furnace structure is simple, and moisture-laden gas is favourable for subsequent conversion operation, is suitable as very much Chemical Manufacture synthetic gas, but the energy recovery of water chilling process is difficult, and effectively gas (CO+H2) content is lower, and caloric power of gas is low; Chilling process Heisui River amount is large in addition, and biochemical treatment difficulty is high.Although descending pot destroying process once awards recovery to reclaiming the heat of synthetic gas and slag, due to sticky grey fouling blocking channel, seldom industrial applications.
Patent CN101724470A mentions a kind of novel water-coal-slurry gasification furnace and utilizes top spray to chew and the side nozzle of the upper spray of tilting, and is formed centrally Y type impingement region in burner hearth, has strengthened caloic transmission and mixing process, has accelerated speed of reaction and has improved efficiency of carbon conversion; Due to the effect of top spray mouth, the coal water slurry residence time of Y type impingement region extends, flame direction is downward, up to the flames of 2000 ℃, can not impact furnace roof portion refractory materials; In addition refractory masses is under water (vapour) cold wall pipe cooling; inwall wall temperature is lower than the temperature of solidification of melt cinder; on flame retardant coating surface, knot one deck solidifies slag blanket; play the effect with slag anti-slag, protection flame retardant coating; greatly extended the work-ing life of vapourizing furnace, but liquid deslagging, energy fails to reclaim; Heisui River amount is large, and biochemical treatment difficulty is high.Therefore developing large capacity, high-level efficiency, high adjusting, high calorie recovery, low investment, macrocyclic large-scale airflow bed gasification furnace is one of current Coal Chemical Industry difficult problem urgently to be resolved hurrily.
Three, summary of the invention
Object of the present invention is exactly that a kind of airflow bed gasification furnace of solid phase deslagging is provided in order to overcome the deficiency of existing air-flow bed coal-gasification technology existence, there is the advantages such as long service life, coal adaptability transformation efficiency wide, carbon is high, the treatment capacity amplitude of accommodation large, heat recuperation rate is high, secondary pollution is few, can meet the requirement of branch of industry to vapourizing furnace.
Technical scheme of the present invention:
The invention provides the airflow bed gasification furnace of solid phase deslagging, by vapourizing furnace housing, cooling tube, wear-resistant material layer, insulation material layer, top spray mouth, side nozzle, vaporizer, cooling fluid import and export, segmented taper end socket, gasification product relief outlet, cooling room, eddy flow cooling jacket, cooled coal gas return port, gas exit, solid slag-drip opening, formed, it is characterized in that vapourizing furnace is divided into vaporizer and cooling room, centre separates by segmented taper end socket; Vaporizer housing is insulation material layer, cooling tube and wear-resistant material layer from outside to inside successively; In vaporizer bottom, cooling tube cooling liquid inlet is set, top arranges cooling liquid outlet; Vaporizer top center arranges top spray mouth, and top arranges more than 3 and 3 side nozzles along even circumferential, and side nozzle and horizontal direction angle are 0 °～15 °; Be positioned at vaporizer bottom, with the segmented taper end socket center at cooling room top, gasification product relief outlet be set; Gasification product relief outlet arranged outside has eddy flow cooling jacket, and eddy flow cooling jacket top and cooled coal gas return port are connected; Cooling room top arranges gas exit, and cooling room bottom centre arranges solid slag-drip opening.
Top spray mouth is 1～4: 1 with the ratio of the feed throughput of side nozzle, and optimal selection is 2: 1.
The aspect ratio of vaporizer is 2-5: 1, and side nozzle spout is 500-2500mm apart from vaporizer overhead height.
The wear-resistant material layer of vaporizer is silicon carbide or dimension stone of magnesia alumina spinel cast.
Cooling room is used common heat insulation and wear resistance material cast, and aspect ratio is 4～8: 1, and gas exit is 100-1000mm. apart from cooling room overhead height
Eddy flow cooling jacket is 1.3～2: 1 with the ratio of gasification product outlet diameter, and gasification product relief outlet length is 200～1000mm, and eddy flow cooling jacket length is 1.5～2 times of gasification product relief outlet length.
Four, accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is novel water-coal-slurry gasification furnace structural representation of the present invention.
The drawing of accompanying drawing is established bright as follows: 1. vapourizing furnace housing, 2. cooling tube, 3. refractory masses, 4. top spray mouth, 5. side nozzle, 6. vaporizer, 7. cooling liquid inlet, 8. cooling liquid outlet, 9. gasification product relief outlet, 10. adiabator layer, 11. segmented taper end sockets, 12. cooling rooms, 13. eddy flow cooling jackets, 14. cooled coal gas return ports, 15. gas exits, 16. solid slag-drip openings.
Five, embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention will be described in detail: shown in Fig. 1, the airflow bed gasification furnace of solid phase deslagging of the present invention is comprised of vapourizing furnace housing (1), cooling tube (2), refractory masses (3), top spray mouth (4), side nozzle (5), reaction chamber (6), cooling liquid inlet (7) cooling liquid outlet (8), gasification product relief outlet (9), adiabator layer (10), segmented taper end socket (11), cooling room (12), eddy flow cooling jacket (13), cooled coal gas return port (14), gas exit (15), solid slag-drip opening (16); Surrounding in vapourizing furnace housing (1) is equipped with cooling tube (2), and cooling tube is outward adiabator layer (10), and cooling tube is fixed in refractory masses (3), the inner formation of refractory masses (3) reaction chamber (6); In vaporizer bottom, cooling tube cooling liquid inlet (7) is set, top arranges cooling liquid outlet (8); Top of gasification furnace axial aperture arranges top spray mouth (4), middle and upper part evenly arranges 3 side nozzles with the upper spray that tilts (5), is positioned at vaporizer (6) bottom, with segmented taper end socket (11) center at cooling room (12) top, gasification product relief outlet (9) is set; In inclination, the side nozzle (5) of spray is 0 °～15 ° with horizontal direction angle; Gasification product relief outlet (9) arranged outside has eddy flow cooling jacket (13), and eddy flow cooling jacket (13) top and cooled coal gas return port (14) are connected; Cooling room (12) top arranges gas exit (15), and cooling room (12) bottom centre arranges solid slag-drip opening (16).
Top spray mouth (4) is 1～4: 1 with the ratio of the feed throughput of side nozzle (5), and optimal selection is 2: 1.
The aspect ratio of vaporizer (6) is 2-5: 1, and side nozzle (5) spout is 500-2500mm apart from vaporizer (6) overhead height.
The wear-resistant material layer of vaporizer (6) is silicon carbide or dimension stone of magnesia alumina spinel cast.
Cooling room (12) is used common heat insulation and wear resistance material cast, and aspect ratio is 4～8: 1, and gas exit (15) is 100-1000mm. apart from cooling room (12) overhead height
Eddy flow cooling jacket (13) is 1.3～2: 1 with gasification product relief outlet (9) diameter ratio, and gasification product relief outlet length is 200～1000mm, and eddy flow cooling jacket (13) length is 1.5～2 times of gasification product relief outlet (9) length.
When the airflow bed gasification furnace of solid phase deslagging is worked, coal water slurry or fine coal and vaporized chemical enter stove through the side nozzle of top spray mouth and the upper spray of tilting, in burner hearth, be formed centrally Y type impingement region, caloic transmission and mixing process have been strengthened, accelerate speed of reaction and improved efficiency of carbon conversion, the coal gas generating and slag stream, the gasification product relief outlet through segmented taper end socket center enters the cooling room in downstream.Due to the effect of top spray mouth, the coal water slurry residence time of Y type impingement region extends, flame direction is downward, up to the flames of 2000 ℃, can not impact furnace roof portion refractory materials; In addition refractory masses is under cooling tube cooling, and inwall wall temperature is lower than the temperature of solidification of melt cinder, and on flame retardant coating surface, knot one deck solidifies slag blanket, plays the effect with slag anti-slag, protection flame retardant coating, and vaporizer extends work-ing life greatly; Water coolant or vapour flow into from the cooling tube cooling liquid inlet of vaporizer bottom, finally from the cooling liquid outlet at top, flow out.
Cooled coal gas and the raw gas and the melt cinder eddy flow mixed heat transfer that enter cooling room under transferring by eddy flow cooling jacket top high-speed rotary, melt cinder solidifies, in eddy flow cooling jacket lower part outlet gas solid separation; Solid slag is discharged from the solid slag-drip opening of cooling room bottom centre; Raw gas carries carbon black and upwards flows because inertia is little, from the gas exit on cooling room top flow out enter downstream useless pot heat exchange operation and warm gas liquor wash-out carbon black operation, make full use of gasification product waste heat, eliminated the Heisui River difficult problem that descending airflow bed gasification furnace Quench slag produces.
The airflow bed gasification furnace of solid phase deslagging provided by the present invention, utilizes top spray to chew and side nozzle, is formed centrally Y type impingement region in burner hearth, has strengthened caloic transmission and mixing process, has accelerated speed of reaction and has improved efficiency of carbon conversion; Due to the effect of top spray mouth, the coal water slurry residence time of Y type impingement region extends, flame direction is downward, up to the flames of 2000 ℃, can not impact furnace roof portion refractory materials; In addition refractory masses is under water (vapour) cold wall pipe cooling, and inwall wall temperature is lower than the temperature of solidification of melt cinder, and on flame retardant coating surface, knot one deck solidifies slag blanket, plays the effect with slag anti-slag, protection flame retardant coating, has greatly extended the work-ing life of vaporizer; Owing to using eddy flow cooling room, heat recuperation rate is high, has eliminated the Heisui River difficult problem that descending airflow bed gasification furnace Quench slag produces; The advantages such as coal adaptability is wide, the transformation efficiency of carbon is high, the treatment capacity amplitude of accommodation is large, secondary pollution is few, can meet the requirement of branch of industry to vapourizing furnace.
Claims (1)
1. the airflow bed gasification furnace of solid phase deslagging, by vapourizing furnace housing, cooling tube, wear-resistant material layer, insulation material layer, top spray mouth, side nozzle, vaporizer, cooling fluid import and export, segmented taper end socket, gasification product relief outlet, cooling room, eddy flow cooling jacket, cooled coal gas return port, gas exit, solid slag-drip opening, formed, it is characterized in that vapourizing furnace is divided into vaporizer and cooling room, centre separates by segmented taper end socket; Vaporizer housing is insulation material layer, cooling tube and wear-resistant material layer from outside to inside successively; In vaporizer bottom, cooling tube cooling liquid inlet is set, top arranges cooling liquid outlet; Vaporizer top center arranges top spray mouth, and top arranges more than 3 and 3 side nozzles along even circumferential, and side nozzle and horizontal direction angle are 0 °～15 °, and top spray mouth is 1～4: 1 with the ratio of the feed throughput of side nozzle; The aspect ratio of vaporizer is 2～5: 1, and side nozzle spout is 500～2500mm apart from vaporizer overhead height, and the wear-resistant material layer of vaporizer is silicon carbide or dimension stone of magnesia alumina spinel cast; Be positioned at vaporizer bottom, with the segmented taper end socket center at cooling room top, gasification product relief outlet be set, cooling room is used common heat insulation and wear resistance material cast, and aspect ratio is 4～8: 1, and gas exit is 100～1000mm apart from cooling room overhead height; Gasification product relief outlet arranged outside has eddy flow cooling jacket, eddy flow cooling jacket top and cooled coal gas return port are connected, eddy flow cooling jacket is 1.3～2: 1 with the ratio of gasification product outlet diameter, gasification product relief outlet length is 200～1000mm, and eddy flow cooling jacket length is 1.5～2 times of gasification product relief outlet length; Cooling room top arranges gas exit, and cooling room bottom centre arranges solid slag-drip opening.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104449868B (en) * | 2013-09-24 | 2016-08-31 | 中国石油大学(华东) | A kind of airflow bed gasification furnace of eddy flow melt cinder solidification |
| CN104804769B (en) * | 2014-01-27 | 2018-05-08 | 神华集团有限责任公司 | Compound Lining and airflow bed gasification furnace |
| CN104087347A (en) * | 2014-07-11 | 2014-10-08 | 中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司 | High-efficiency ash trapping device in entrained flow bed gasification furnace |
| CN104403696A (en) * | 2014-11-27 | 2015-03-11 | 哈尔滨锅炉厂有限责任公司 | Miniature gasifier for tests |
| CN105219444B (en) * | 2015-10-30 | 2018-09-18 | 新奥科技发展有限公司 | A kind of production method of fluidized-bed gasification furnace and its furnace lining |
| CN105733686B (en) * | 2016-05-05 | 2019-04-02 | 神华集团有限责任公司 | Ring type collision type gasification furnace |
| CN107937033A (en) * | 2018-01-02 | 2018-04-20 | 邰学林 | Coal gas coal dust cocurrent airflow bed gasification furnace |
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| US4637823A (en) * | 1981-06-19 | 1987-01-20 | Texaco Inc. | High temperature furnace |
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