CN102994160A - Entrained-flow bed gasifier for solid-phase deslagging - Google Patents
Entrained-flow bed gasifier for solid-phase deslagging Download PDFInfo
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- CN102994160A CN102994160A CN2012103876780A CN201210387678A CN102994160A CN 102994160 A CN102994160 A CN 102994160A CN 2012103876780 A CN2012103876780 A CN 2012103876780A CN 201210387678 A CN201210387678 A CN 201210387678A CN 102994160 A CN102994160 A CN 102994160A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/16—Combined cycle power plant [CCPP], or combined cycle gas turbine [CCGT]
- Y02E20/18—Integrated gasification combined cycle [IGCC], e.g. combined with carbon capture and storage [CCS]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
- Y02P20/129—Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines
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Abstract
The invention provides an entrained-flow bed gasifier for solid-phase deslagging, wherein the gasifier is divided into a gasifying chamber and a cooling chamber which are spaced via a segmented conical sealing head; the shell of the gasifying chamber is sequentially composed of a heat-isolating material layer, a cooling tube and a wear-resistant material layer form outside to inside; a cooling liquid inlet is formed on the bottom of the gasifying chamber, and a cooling liquid outlet is formed on the top of the gasifying chamber; a top nozzle is formed at the centre of the top of the gasifying chamber, and more than three side nozzles are uniformly distributed on the upper part of the gasifying chamber along a circumference; a gasifying product discharge port is formed at the centre of the segmented conical sealing head; a rotational-flow cooling jacket is arranged at the outer side of the gasifying product discharge port, and the upper part of the rotational-flow cooling jacket is connected with a cold coal gas return port; and a coal gas outlet is formed on the upper part of the cooling chamber, a solid deslagging port is formed on the bottom of the cooling chamber, and the waste heat of the gasifying product is adequately utilized for eliminating the problem of black water.
Description
One, technical field
The present invention relates to coal chemical technology, especially, relate to the coal gas fluidized bed gasification.
Two, background technology
Gasification is the cleaning and efficient tap and the gordian technique of utilizing of coal.Entrained flow gasification is the New type coal cocurrent flow type gasification technology that grows up nearest decades, vaporized chemical and coal dust or coal slurry enter vaporizer through nozzle, the pyrolysis of coal, burning and gasification reaction almost carry out simultaneously, high temperature has guaranteed being gasified totally of coal, and the mineral substance in the coal leaves vapourizing furnace after becoming slag.Compare with traditional gasification technology, the pressurized entrained-bed gasification temperature is high, processing power is large, gas effective constituent is high, gasification efficiency is high, is future coal gasification technology developing direction.
It is different with layout that air-flow bed coal-gasification technique is pressed nozzle quantity at present, can be divided into the outspoken spray of single spraying and multi-nozzle to spraying two classes.All adopt the outspoken spray mode of single spraying such as Texaco coal water slurry gasification and GSP coal gasification, its advantage is structure and control is simple, cost is low, but because the pressurized gasification process relates to fluid flow and associated transmittance process and complicated chemical reaction process under high temperature, high pressure, the heterogeneous conditions, the outspoken atomization effect of single spraying is undesirable, and gasification efficiency is relatively low; The treatment capacity amplitude of accommodation is little in addition, capacity is little, can't satisfy the demand of maximization.Shell and multi-nozzle coal water slurry process have adopted multi-nozzle to the spray structure, improved vapourizing furnace mass-and heat-transfer effect, the index such as efficiency of carbon conversion, energy consumption increases, but, Shell multi-nozzle structure has increased the complicacy of equipment, particularly need independently linkage control system, thereby increased equipment manufacturing cost, operation easier and maintenance rate; The opposed gasifying process of coal water slurry multi-nozzle is because the distribution of flame field easily causes the ablation of furnace roof section refractory materials, and the furnace roof refractory brick life only has some months, has greatly improved investment.
Vapourizing furnace raw gas out has very high temperature (1200～1700 ℃), in order to allow the melting ashes of carrying secretly solidify, simultaneously in order to reclaim heat energy, need to cool off it.At present, the hot mode that moves of industrial employing has two kinds: a kind of is up pot destroying process, produces high pressure steam; Another kind is descending water chilling process, produces the saturation water raw gas.Up pot destroying process thermo-efficiency is high, and caloric power of gas is high, is fit to follow-up IGCC generating; But up pot destroying process only is the part heat that has reclaimed gas, the heat of slag is not reclaimed, and adopt the cooled coal gas Quench to add useless pot and reclaim that the mode equipment of preheating is complicated, the cooled coal gas energy consumption is high.The chilling process gasification furnace structure is simple, and moisture-laden gas is favourable for the subsequent conversion operation, is suitable as very much the Chemical Manufacture synthetic gas, but the energy recovery of water chilling process is difficult, and effectively gas (CO+H2) content is lower, and caloric power of gas is low; Chilling process Heisui River amount is large in addition, and the biochemical treatment difficulty is high.Although descending pot destroying process once awards recovery to the heat that reclaims synthetic gas and slag, because sticking grey fouling blocking channel, seldom industrial applications.
Patent CN101724470A mentions a kind of novel water-coal-slurry gasification furnace and utilizes top spray to chew and the side nozzle of the upper spray of tilting, and is formed centrally Y type impingement region in burner hearth, has strengthened caloic transmission and mixing process, has accelerated speed of reaction and has improved efficiency of carbon conversion; Because the effect of top spray mouth, the coal water slurry residence time of Y type impingement region prolongs, flame direction is downward, can not impact furnace roof section refractory materials up to 2000 ℃ flames; Refractory masses is under the cooling of water (vapour) cold wall pipe in addition; the inwall wall temperature is lower than the temperature of solidification of melt cinder; knot one deck solidifies slag blanket on the flame retardant coating surface; play the effect with slag anti-slag, protection flame retardant coating; greatly prolonged the work-ing life of vapourizing furnace, but the liquid deslagging, energy fails to reclaim; the Heisui River amount is large, and the biochemical treatment difficulty is high.Therefore develop large capacity, high-level efficiency, highly regulate, high calorie reclaims, low investment, macrocyclic large-scale airflow bed gasification furnace are present Coal Chemical Industry one of the difficult problem that needs to be resolved hurrily.
Three, summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention is exactly the airflow bed gasification furnace that a kind of solid phase deslagging is provided for the deficiency that overcomes existing air-flow bed coal-gasification technology existence, have the advantages such as long service life, coal adaptability transformation efficiency wide, carbon is high, the treatment capacity amplitude of accommodation is large, the heat recuperation rate is high, secondary pollution is few, can satisfy branch of industry to the requirement of vapourizing furnace.
Technical scheme of the present invention:
The invention provides the airflow bed gasification furnace of solid phase deslagging, formed by vapourizing furnace housing, cooling tube, wear-resistant material layer, insulation material layer, top spray mouth, side nozzle, vaporizer, cooling fluid import and export, segmented taper end socket, gasification product relief outlet, cooling room, eddy flow cooling jacket, cooled coal gas return port, gas exit, solid slag-drip opening, it is characterized in that vapourizing furnace is divided into vaporizer and cooling room, the centre separates by the segmented taper end socket; The vaporizer housing is insulation material layer, cooling tube and wear-resistant material layer from outside to inside successively; In the vaporizer bottom cooling tube cooling liquid inlet is set, the top arranges cooling liquid outlet; The vaporizer top center arranges the top spray mouth, and top arranges side nozzle more than 3 and 3 along even circumferential, and side nozzle and horizontal direction angle are 0 °～15 °; The segmented taper end socket center that is positioned at vaporizer bottom and cooling room top arranges the gasification product relief outlet; Gasification product relief outlet arranged outside has the eddy flow cooling jacket, and eddy flow cooling jacket top and cooled coal gas return port are connected; Cooling room top arranges gas exit, and cooling room bottom centre arranges the solid slag-drip opening.
The top spray mouth is 1～4: 1 with the ratio of the feed throughput of side nozzle, and optimal selection is 2: 1.
The aspect ratio of vaporizer is 2-5: 1, and the side nozzle spout is 500-2500mm apart from the vaporizer overhead height.
The wear-resistant material layer of vaporizer is silicon carbide or dimension stone of magnesia alumina spinel cast.
Cooling room uses common heat insulation and wear resistance material cast, and aspect ratio is 4～8: 1, and gas exit is 100-1000mm. apart from the cooling room overhead height
The eddy flow cooling jacket is 1.3～2: 1 with the ratio of gasification product outlet diameter, and gasification product relief outlet length is 200～1000mm, and eddy flow cooling jacket length is 1.5～2 times of gasification product relief outlet length.
Four, description of drawings
Fig. 1 is novel water-coal-slurry gasification furnace structural representation of the present invention.
The drawing of accompanying drawing is established bright as follows: 1. vapourizing furnace housing, 2. cooling tube, 3. refractory masses, 4. top spray mouth, 5. side nozzle, 6. vaporizer, 7. cooling liquid inlet, 8. cooling liquid outlet, 9. gasification product relief outlet, 10. adiabator layer, 11. segmented taper end sockets, 12. cooling rooms, 13. eddy flow cooling jackets, 14. cooled coal gas return ports, 15. gas exits, 16. solid slag-drip openings.
Five, embodiment
The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing: shown in Figure 1, the airflow bed gasification furnace of solid phase deslagging of the present invention is by vapourizing furnace housing (1), cooling tube (2), refractory masses (3), top spray mouth (4), side nozzle (5), reaction chamber (6), cooling liquid inlet (7) cooling liquid outlet (8), gasification product relief outlet (9), adiabator layer (10), segmented taper end socket (11), cooling room (12), eddy flow cooling jacket (13), cooled coal gas return port (14), gas exit (15), solid slag-drip opening (16) forms; Around in the vapourizing furnace housing (1) cooling tube (2) is housed, cooling tube is outward adiabator layer (10), and cooling tube is fixed in the refractory masses (3), the inner formation of refractory masses (3) reaction chamber (6); In the vaporizer bottom cooling tube cooling liquid inlet (7) is set, the top arranges cooling liquid outlet (8); The top of gasification furnace axial aperture arranges top spray mouth (4), the middle and upper part evenly arranges 3 side nozzles with the upper spray that tilts (5), and segmented taper end socket (11) center that is positioned at vaporizer (6) bottom and cooling room (12) top arranges gasification product relief outlet (9); The side nozzle (5) of spray is 0 °～15 ° with the horizontal direction angle in the inclination; Gasification product relief outlet (9) arranged outside has eddy flow cooling jacket (13), and eddy flow cooling jacket (13) top and cooled coal gas return port (14) are connected; Cooling room (12) top arranges gas exit (15), and cooling room (12) bottom centre arranges solid slag-drip opening (16).
Top spray mouth (4) is 1～4: 1 with the ratio of the feed throughput of side nozzle (5), and optimal selection is 2: 1.
The aspect ratio of vaporizer (6) is 2-5: 1, and side nozzle (5) spout is 500-2500mm apart from vaporizer (6) overhead height.
The wear-resistant material layer of vaporizer (6) is silicon carbide or dimension stone of magnesia alumina spinel cast.
Cooling room (12) uses common heat insulation and wear resistance material cast, and aspect ratio is 4～8: 1, and gas exit (15) is 100-1000mm. apart from cooling room (12) overhead height
Eddy flow cooling jacket (13) is 1.3～2: 1 with gasification product relief outlet (9) diameter ratio, and gasification product relief outlet length is 200～1000mm, and eddy flow cooling jacket (13) length is 1.5～2 times of gasification product relief outlet (9) length.
When the airflow bed gasification furnace of solid phase deslagging is worked, coal water slurry or fine coal and vaporized chemical enter stove through the side nozzle of top spray mouth and the upper spray of tilting, in burner hearth, be formed centrally Y type impingement region, caloic transmission and mixing process have been strengthened, accelerate speed of reaction and improved efficiency of carbon conversion, the coal gas that generates and slag and stream, the gasification product relief outlet through segmented taper end socket center enters the cooling room in downstream.Because the effect of top spray mouth, the coal water slurry residence time of Y type impingement region prolongs, flame direction is downward, can not impact furnace roof section refractory materials up to 2000 ℃ flames; Refractory masses is under the cooling of cooling tube in addition, and the inwall wall temperature is lower than the temperature of solidification of melt cinder, and knot one deck solidifies slag blanket on the flame retardant coating surface, plays the effect with slag anti-slag, protection flame retardant coating, and vaporizer prolongs work-ing life greatly; Water coolant or vapour flow into from the cooling tube cooling liquid inlet of vaporizer bottom, and the cooling liquid outlet from the top flows out at last.
By eddy flow cooling jacket top high-speed rotary then lower cooled coal gas and the raw gas and the melt cinder eddy flow mixed heat transfer that enter cooling room, melt cinder curing is in eddy flow cooling jacket lower part outlet gas solid separation; Solid slag is discharged from the solid slag-drip opening of cooling room bottom centre; Raw gas is because the little carbon black that carries of inertia makes progress mobile, from the gas exit on cooling room top flow out the useless pot heat exchange operation that enters the downstream and warm gas liquor wash-out carbon black operation, take full advantage of the gasification product waste heat, eliminated the Heisui River difficult problem that descending airflow bed gasification furnace Quench slag produces.
The airflow bed gasification furnace of solid phase deslagging provided by the present invention utilizes top spray to chew and side nozzle, is formed centrally Y type impingement region in burner hearth, has strengthened caloic transmission and mixing process, has accelerated speed of reaction and has improved efficiency of carbon conversion; Because the effect of top spray mouth, the coal water slurry residence time of Y type impingement region prolongs, flame direction is downward, can not impact furnace roof section refractory materials up to 2000 ℃ flames; Refractory masses is under the cooling of water (vapour) cold wall pipe in addition, and the inwall wall temperature is lower than the temperature of solidification of melt cinder, and knot one deck solidifies slag blanket on the flame retardant coating surface, plays the effect with slag anti-slag, protection flame retardant coating, has greatly prolonged the work-ing life of vaporizer; Owing to use the eddy flow cooling room, the heat recuperation rate is high, has eliminated the Heisui River difficult problem that descending airflow bed gasification furnace Quench slag produces; The advantages such as coal adaptability is wide, the transformation efficiency of carbon is high, the treatment capacity amplitude of accommodation is large, secondary pollution is few can satisfy branch of industry to the requirement of vapourizing furnace.
Claims (6)
1. the airflow bed gasification furnace of solid phase deslagging, formed by vapourizing furnace housing, cooling tube, wear-resistant material layer, insulation material layer, top spray mouth, side nozzle, vaporizer, cooling fluid import and export, segmented taper end socket, gasification product relief outlet, cooling room, eddy flow cooling jacket, cooled coal gas return port, gas exit, solid slag-drip opening, it is characterized in that vapourizing furnace is divided into vaporizer and cooling room, the centre separates by the segmented taper end socket; The vaporizer housing is insulation material layer, cooling tube and wear-resistant material layer from outside to inside successively; In the vaporizer bottom cooling tube cooling liquid inlet is set, the top arranges cooling liquid outlet; The vaporizer top center arranges the top spray mouth, and top arranges side nozzle more than 3 and 3 along even circumferential, and side nozzle and horizontal direction angle are 0 °～15 °; The segmented taper end socket center that is positioned at vaporizer bottom and cooling room top arranges the gasification product relief outlet; Gasification product relief outlet arranged outside has the eddy flow cooling jacket, and eddy flow cooling jacket top and cooled coal gas return port are connected; Cooling room top arranges gas exit, and cooling room bottom centre arranges the solid slag-drip opening.
2. according to the airflow bed gasification furnace of the described solid phase deslagging of claims (1), it is characterized in that said top spray mouth and the ratio of the feed throughput of side nozzle are 1～4: 1, optimal selection is 2: 1.
3. according to the airflow bed gasification furnace of the described solid phase deslagging of claims (1), the aspect ratio that it is characterized in that said vaporizer is 2-5: 1, and the side nozzle spout is 500-2500mm apart from the vaporizer overhead height.
4. according to the airflow bed gasification furnace of the described solid phase deslagging of claims (1), the wear-resistant material layer that it is characterized in that said vaporizer is silicon carbide or dimension stone of magnesia alumina spinel cast.
5. according to the airflow bed gasification furnace of the described solid phase deslagging of claims (1), it is characterized in that said cooling room uses common heat insulation and wear resistance material cast, aspect ratio is 4～8: 1, and gas exit is 100-1000mm apart from the cooling room overhead height.
6. according to the airflow bed gasification furnace of the described solid phase deslagging of claims (1), it is characterized in that said eddy flow cooling jacket and the ratio of gasification product outlet diameter are 1.3～2: 1, gasification product relief outlet length is 200～1000mm, and eddy flow cooling jacket length is 1.5～2 times of gasification product relief outlet length.
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104087347A (en) * | 2014-07-11 | 2014-10-08 | 中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司 | High-efficiency ash trapping device in entrained flow bed gasification furnace |
| CN104194838A (en) * | 2014-08-22 | 2014-12-10 | 中国天辰工程有限公司 | Gasification furnace |
| CN104403696A (en) * | 2014-11-27 | 2015-03-11 | 哈尔滨锅炉厂有限责任公司 | Miniature gasifier for tests |
| CN104449868A (en) * | 2013-09-24 | 2015-03-25 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Entrained flow gasifier for swirling melt cinder solidification |
| CN104804769A (en) * | 2014-01-27 | 2015-07-29 | 神华集团有限责任公司 | Composite furnace liner and entrained flow bed vaporizing furnace |
| CN105219444A (en) * | 2015-10-30 | 2016-01-06 | 新奥科技发展有限公司 | The making method of a kind of fluidized-bed gasification furnace and furnace lining thereof |
| CN105733686A (en) * | 2016-05-05 | 2016-07-06 | 神华集团有限责任公司 | Ring-type impact gasifier |
| CN107937033A (en) * | 2018-01-02 | 2018-04-20 | 邰学林 | Coal gas coal dust cocurrent airflow bed gasification furnace |
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Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104804769A (en) * | 2014-01-27 | 2015-07-29 | 神华集团有限责任公司 | Composite furnace liner and entrained flow bed vaporizing furnace |
| CN104087347A (en) * | 2014-07-11 | 2014-10-08 | 中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司 | High-efficiency ash trapping device in entrained flow bed gasification furnace |
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| CN104403696A (en) * | 2014-11-27 | 2015-03-11 | 哈尔滨锅炉厂有限责任公司 | Miniature gasifier for tests |
| CN105219444A (en) * | 2015-10-30 | 2016-01-06 | 新奥科技发展有限公司 | The making method of a kind of fluidized-bed gasification furnace and furnace lining thereof |
| CN105219444B (en) * | 2015-10-30 | 2018-09-18 | 新奥科技发展有限公司 | A kind of production method of fluidized-bed gasification furnace and its furnace lining |
| CN105733686A (en) * | 2016-05-05 | 2016-07-06 | 神华集团有限责任公司 | Ring-type impact gasifier |
| CN105733686B (en) * | 2016-05-05 | 2019-04-02 | 神华集团有限责任公司 | Ring type collision type gasification furnace |
| CN107937033A (en) * | 2018-01-02 | 2018-04-20 | 邰学林 | Coal gas coal dust cocurrent airflow bed gasification furnace |
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