CN207294697U - The Y type airflow bed gasification furnaces of dry granulation deslagging - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model provides the Y type airflow bed gasification furnaces of dry granulation deslagging, and mainly including gasification furnace, air cement separator, fluid-bed heat exchanger, moving bed heat exchanger etc., gasification furnace is divided into vaporizer and shock chamber, and centre is separated by segmented taper end socket；The room housing that gasifies is insulation material layer, coolant jacket and wear-resistant material layer successively from outside to inside；Cooling liquid inlet is set in vaporizer bottom, and top sets cooling liquid outlet；Vaporizer top center sets pipe top nozzle, and top circumferentially uniformly sets more than 3 side nozzles；The centrally disposed gasification product outlet of segmented taper end socket, is passed through shock chamber；Quench nozzle is set on the outside of gasification product outlet, and shock chamber top sets crude synthesis gas to export access air cement separator, and shock chamber bottom sets fluid-bed heat exchanger, makes full use of gasification product waste heat, eliminates Heisui River and brine waste problem.

Description

The Y type airflow bed gasification furnaces of dry granulation deslagging

First, technical field

Coal chemical technology is the utility model is related to, especially, is related to coal gas fluidized bed gasification.

2nd, background technology

Coal gasification is the cleaning of coal and the tap and key technology that efficiently utilize.Entrained flow gasification is nearest decades development The New type coal parallel type gasification technology to get up, gasifying agent and coal dust or coal slurry enter vaporizer through nozzle, the pyrolysis of coal, burn with And gasification reaction is almost carried out at the same time, high temperature ensure that being gasified totally for coal, and the mineral matter in coal leaves gasification after becoming slag Stove.Compared with traditional gasification technology, pressurized entrained-bed gasification temperature is high, disposal ability is big, gas active ingredient is high, gasification efficiency Height, is following Coal Gasification Technology developing direction.

Air-flow bed coal-gasification technique is different with arrangement by nozzle quantity at present, can be divided into single injector direct-injection and multiinjector to spray Two classes.As Texaco coal water slurry gasifications and GSP coal gasifications use single injector direct-injection mode, structure and control the advantage is that System is simple, low cost, but since pressurized gasification process is related to fluid flowing under high temperature, high pressure, heterogeneous conditions and therewith phase The transmittance process of pass and complicated chemical reaction process, single injector direct-injection atomizing effect is undesirable, and gasification efficiency is relatively low；Separately The outer treating capacity amplitude of accommodation is small, capacity is small, can not meet the needs of maximization.Shell and multiinjector coal water slurry process employ Multiinjector to spray structure, improve the indexs such as gasification furnace mass-and heat-transfer effect, efficiency of carbon con version, energy consumption and increase, still, Shell multiinjector structures add the complexity of equipment, in particular for independent linkage control system, so as to add equipment Cost, operation difficulty and maintenance rate；Water-coal-slurry multi-products production gasification process is resistance to since the distribution of flame field easily causes furnace roof portion The ablation of fiery material, furnace roof refractory brick life only have some months, substantially increase investment.

The raw gas that gasification furnace comes out has very high temperature (1200~1700 DEG C), and the melting ashes in order to allow entrainment coagulate Gu while in order to recycle thermal energy, it is necessary to be cooled down to it.At present, the heat-removing way industrially used has two kinds：One kind is that uplink is given up Pot flow, produces high steam；Another kind is downlink water chilling process, produces saturated water raw gas.Uplink pot destroying process thermal effect Rate is high, and calorific value of gas is high, is adapted to follow-up IGCC power generations；It is right but uplink pot destroying process is only the partial heat for having recycled gas The heat of slag is simultaneously unrecovered, and equipment complexity, cooled coal gas high energy consumption by the way of cooled coal gas Quench adds useless pot recycling preheating. Chilling process gasification furnace structure is simple, and moisture-laden gas is favourable for subsequent conversion process, is highly suitable as Chemical Manufacture Synthesis gas, but water chilling process energy regenerating is difficult, and effectively gas (CO+H2) content is relatively low, calorific value of gas is low；In addition Quench stream The black water of journey and brine waste are big, and biochemical treatment difficulty is high.Downlink pot destroying process although to recycling synthesis gas and slag heat Recycling is once awarded, but due to viscous grey fouling and clogging passage, seldom industrial applications.

Patent CN101724470A mentions the side nozzle that a kind of novel water-coal-slurry gasification furnace is sprayed using top spray nozzle and on tilting, Y type impingement regions are centrally formed in burner hearth, enhance Mass and heat transfer and mixed process, reaction rate is accelerated and improves carbon conversion Rate；Due to the effect of pipe top nozzle, water-coal-slurry extended residence time, the flame direction of Y type impingement regions are downward, up to 2000 DEG C of fire Flame will not impact furnace roof portion refractory material；In addition for refractory masses under the cooling of water (vapour) cold wall pipe, inner wall wall temperature is less than liquid The setting temperature of slag, in one layer of solidification slag blanket of fire resisting layer surface knot, plays the role of, with slag anti-slag, protection flame retardant coating, significantly prolonging The service life of gasification furnace, but liquid slag are grown, energy fails to recycle, and Heisui River and brine waste amount are big, biochemical treatment difficulty It is high.

Patent CN102994160A mentions a kind of airflow bed gasification furnace of solid phase deslagging, is combined using top spray nozzle and side nozzle Form Y type impingement regions, extend water-coal-slurry in the high temperature reaction zone residence time, enhance Mass and heat transfer and mixed process, avoid height Temperature impact furnace roof portion refractory material, improves efficiency of carbon con version and expands the scope and the treating capacity amplitude of accommodation for being applicable in coal, at the same time The defects of security risk caused by eliminating single pipe top nozzle gasifier to start working pinking and reduction furnace protection layer service life；Using heat-insulated The water wall structure that material layer, cooling tube and wear-resistant material layer combine from outside to inside is realized with slag anti-slag, protection cooling tube, improved Gasify furnace li`；Circulating cooling coal gas strengthened slagging cooling and solidifying, the centrifugal rotation sprayed using the rotation of eddy flow coolant jacket is realized Lime-ash separates, and solves the Heisui River problem of water chilling process, while recycles the waste heat of ash, slag and synthesis gas, simplifies cooling chamber Structure, the severity and cost for reducing heat-insulation wear-resistant material.Performance is much better than the air-flow of other synthesis types in practical applications Bed gasification furnace, but also there are water-cooling wall dross difficulty it is big, it is uneven, be also easy to produce that bulk is scaling-off, and warm sludge water seal is unavoidably produced Intractable brine waste has been given birth to, has influenced long period safe operation, coal gas circulating cooling effect is poor, high energy consumption, investment are big, eddy flow Cooling gas drives that the rotating centrifugal action of synthesis gas is weak, the large-minded waste heat boiler load that causes significantly increases, and cools down spiral shell Coil configuration is unfavorable for side nozzle and arranges, is complicated, and bearing shell material requires high significant deficiency and deficiency, have impact on solid The promotion and application of the airflow bed gasification furnace of phase deslagging.Therefore exploitation large capacity, high efficiency, top adjustment, high heat recycling, low throwing Money, macrocyclic large-scale airflow bed gasification furnace are one of current coal chemical industry problems urgently to be resolved hurrily.

3rd, the content of the invention

The purpose of this utility model is exactly above-mentioned existing for the airflow bed gasification furnace technology of existing solid phase deslagging in order to overcome Significant deficiency and deficiency and a kind of Y type airflow bed gasification furnaces of dry granulation deslagging are provided, there is simple in structure, service life Length, coal adaptability are wide, and the solid reaction area residence time is long, lime-ash separates, charcoal percent conversion is high, and water-cooling wall dross is easy, locates The reason amount amplitude of accommodation is big, heat recovery rate is high, energy consumption and invest it is low, eliminate brine waste and Heisui River, it is excellent that secondary pollution is few etc. Point, can meet requirement of the branch of industry to high-efficiency large chemical combination shaping gasification furnace.

The technical solution of the utility model：

The utility model provide dry granulation deslagging Y type airflow bed gasification furnaces, mainly including gasification furnace, gas ash content from Device, fluid-bed heat exchanger etc., gasification furnace are divided into vaporizer and shock chamber, and centre is separated by segmented taper end socket；Vaporizer shell Body is insulation material layer, coolant jacket and refractory masses successively from outside to inside；In vaporizer bottom, cooling liquid inlet, top are set Cooling liquid outlet is set；Vaporizer top center sets pipe top nozzle, and top is circumferentially uniformly arranged 3 and more than 3 side sprays Mouth, side nozzle and horizontal direction angle are -15 °~15 °, are 2 °~75 ° with radial direction angle；The centrally disposed gas of segmented taper end socket Change product outlet, be passed through shock chamber；Quench sprinkler head is set on the outside of gasification product outlet, and shock chamber bottom sets fluid bed Heat exchanger, shock chamber top set crude synthesis gas to export access air cement separator, and the ash discharging hole discharge fine ash of air cement separator is returned Raw material pulverized coal bin is returned to recycle.

Coolant jacket is cooling jacket, cooling ring vessel or cooling tubulation；The ratio between feed throughput of pipe top nozzle and side nozzle is 1 ~4:1.

The ratio of height to diameter of vaporizer is 2-5:1, side nozzle spout is 500-2500mm away from vaporizer overhead height, vaporizer Refractory masses are poured into a mould for carborundum or dimension stone of magnesia alumina spinel.

Shock chamber is poured into a mould using common heat-insulation wear-resistant material, and ratio of height to diameter is 2~8:1, gas exit is away from high at the top of shock chamber Spend for 100-1000mm.

The bottom of fluid-bed heat exchanger is equipped with vapor distributor, and each independent heat removal clutch is provided with fluid bed； The water inlet pipe of heat removal clutch passes through valve and steamdrum unicom respectively by valve and water inlet pipe unicom, outlet pipe respectively.

4th, illustrate

Fig. 1 is the Y type airflow bed gasification furnace structure diagrams of the dry granulation deslagging of the utility model.

The drawing of attached drawing sets bright as follows：1. gasify furnace shell, 2. coolant jackets, 3. refractory masses, 4. pipe top nozzles, 5. side sprays Mouth, 6. vaporizers, 7. cooling liquid inlets, 8. cooling liquid outlets, 9. gasification product outlets, 10. insulation material layers, 11. segmentations Conical head, 12. shock chambers, 13. eddy flow coolant jackets, 14. Quench sprinkler heads, the outlet of 15. raw gas, 16. air cement separators, 17. gas exit, 18. fluid-bed heat exchangers, 19. steam distributors, 20. heat removal clutch, 21. slag-drip openings, 22. ash discharging holes.

5th, embodiment

The utility model is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings：Shown in Fig. 1, dry granulation described in the utility model The Y types airflow bed gasification furnace of deslagging is by gasification furnace shell (1), coolant jacket (2), refractory masses (3), pipe top nozzle (4), side nozzle (5), reative cell (6), cooling liquid inlet (7) cooling liquid outlet (8), gasification product outlet (9), adiabator layer (10), point Section conical head (11), cooling chamber (12), eddy flow coolant jacket (13), Quench sprinkler head (14), raw gas outlet (15), gas-solid point From device (16), gas exit (17), fluid-bed heat exchanger (18), steam distributor (19), heat removal clutch (20), slag-drip opening (21), ash discharging hole (22) etc. forms；Gasification furnace is divided into vaporizer (6) and shock chamber (12), and centre passes through segmented taper end socket (11) separate；Vaporizer (6) housing is insulation material layer (10), coolant jacket (2) and refractory masses (3) successively from outside to inside； Cooling liquid inlet (7) is set in vaporizer (6) bottom, and top sets cooling liquid outlet (8)；Vaporizer (6) top center is set Pipe top nozzle (4), top are circumferentially uniformly arranged 3 and more than 3 side nozzles (5), side nozzle (5) and horizontal direction angle It it is 2 °~75 ° for -15 °~15 °, with radial direction angle；The centrally disposed gasification product outlet (9) of segmented taper end socket (11), leads to Enter shock chamber (12)；Quench sprinkler head (14) is set on the outside of gasification product outlet (9), and shock chamber (12) bottom sets fluid bed Heat exchanger (18), shock chamber (12) top set crude synthesis gas to export (15) access air cement separator (16), air cement separator (16) ash discharging hole (22) discharge fine ash returns to raw material pulverized coal bin and recycles.

Theoretical research, mathematics are carried out using many-sided knowledge such as hydrodynamics, chemical engineering kinetics, thermal conduction study, mechanics of materials Simulation and optimization and substantial amounts of experimental study, the optimum structure and combination of definite the utility model each several part are as follows：

Coolant jacket (2) is cooling jacket, cooling ring vessel or cooling tubulation；Pipe top nozzle (4) and the Feedstock treating of side nozzle (5) The ratio between amount is 1~4:1.

The ratio of height to diameter of vaporizer (6) is 2-5:1, side nozzle (5) spout is 500- away from vaporizer (6) overhead height 2500mm, the refractory masses of vaporizer (6) are poured into a mould for carborundum or dimension stone of magnesia alumina spinel.

Shock chamber (12) is poured into a mould using common heat-insulation wear-resistant material, and ratio of height to diameter is 2~8:1, raw gas is exported away from shock chamber (12) overhead height is 100-1000mm, and the percent opening of shock chamber (12) bottom pyramidal end socket is 3%-25%.

The bottom of fluid-bed heat exchanger (18) is equipped with vapor distributor (19), and each independent take is provided with fluid bed Thermal sleeve (20)；The water inlet pipe of heat removal clutch (20) respectively by valve and water inlet pipe unicom, outlet pipe respectively by valve with Steamdrum unicom.

In practical operation, when the Y types airflow bed gasification furnace of dry granulation deslagging works, water-coal-slurry or fine coal and gasifying agent Side nozzle through pipe top nozzle and radial skew enters stove, and multiple jets mutually collide to form Y type rotating percussions area, phase at burner hearth center Mutually igniting, turbulences mixing, formation high temperature reaction zone, residence time of the coal dust in high temperature reaction zone greatly prolong, enhance Mass and heat transfer and mixed process, improve combustion stability, improve efficiency of carbon con version and expand scope and the processing for being applicable in coal Measure the amplitude of accommodation；And water-cooling wall dross is easy, one layer of solidification slag blanket of fire resisting layer surface knot, with slag anti-slag, improves gasification furnace Service life；Simultaneously because the effect of pipe top nozzle, flame direction is downward, and up to 2000 DEG C of flame will not impact furnace roof portion fire proofed wood Material；In addition pipe top nozzle has igniting and response function at the same time, and safety caused by eliminating single pipe top nozzle gasifier to start working pinking is hidden The defects of suffering from and reducing the furnace protection layer service life and ignition burner and reaction nozzle high temperature are replaced dangerous and heavy；Generation Coal gas and molten ash cocurrent rotate at a high speed, and the eddy flow that the gasification product outlet at segmented conical head center enters downstream is cold But room.Gasification product is changed into secondary water substep Quench, operating condition and the requirement to equipment by an original water chilling process Severity relaxes significantly.

By eddy flow coolant jacket top, the water mist of injection is mixed and changed with the raw gas and melt cinder eddy flow for entering cooling chamber at a high speed Heat, melt cinder cures, in eddy flow coolant jacket lower part outlet gas solid separation；Solid slag falls into fluid-bed heat exchanger from shock chamber bottom； Raw gas carries carbon black since inertia is small and flows up, and makes full use of gasification product waste heat, eliminates downlink airflow bed gasification furnace The Heisui River problem that Quench slag produces.

By eddy flow coolant jacket top, atomized water is sprayed from the Quench sprinkler head high velocity mist shape on the outside of gasification product outlet The coal gas come out with the rotating-spray of gasification product outlet cocurrent high speed is quickly mixed with molten ash, lime-ash Quench solidification effect It is much better than gas Quench；Since the heat of transformation of water is big, relative usage is few, and cooling energy consumption is far below cooled coal gas circulation Quench, to useless The loading effects of heat boiler are also smaller；In centrifugal rotation process solid slag since inertia is thrown to greatly eddy flow cooling locular wall, in fluid bed Steam and synthesis gas after heat exchange flow up, and the higher small synthesis gas flowed up of grey inertia of carbon residue content takes rotation out of Cooling chamber is flowed, it is achieved thereby that lime-ash separates, eliminates the follow-up extremely difficult place that the water Quench of gas slag cocurrent flow descending air-flow stove produces The Heisui River of reason, subsequent treatment pipeline knot are blocked up and secondary pollution is serious, the extremely flimsy general character problem of chilling ring in down-comer.From The raw gas outlet on shock chamber top exits into useless pot heat exchange process and the washing of medium temperature coal gas of air cement separator and downstream Decarburization black-labour sequence.Slag cures the substantial amounts of heat of transformation of releasing, the crude synthesis gas temperature of outer row is dropped within 800 DEG C, easy to set Waste heat boiler recycles the heat of ash, slag and synthesis gas at the same time, and waste heat recovery rate greatly improves；Cooling room temperature drops to Within 800 DEG C and it is dry construction, also simplify Quench cell structure, reduces the severity and cost of heat-insulation wear-resistant material.

Cure slag and fall into fluid-bed heat exchanger from solid slag shock chamber, the effect of 800 DEG C or so of Quench slag in fluidization steam vapor It is lower to recycle heat again by being each independently arranged heat exchange sleeve, arranged finally by slag-drip opening and the intermittent dry method of two-stage lock hopper Go out, eliminate the brine waste problem of airflow bed gasification furnace Quench generation.In addition also just kept away without using chilling ring in scum pipe The chilling ring for having exempted from generally existing in current gas slag cocurrent flow descending air-flow stove water chilling process easily damages, and influences long-term operation Problem.

From the point of view of pilot scale experimental result, carbon gasification rate is up to more than 99%, comprehensive heat recovery rate more than 85%, and investment reduces More than 40%, treating capacity amplitude of accommodation 60%-150%, cooling agent dosage reduce 80% or so, the load reduction of waste heat boiler More than 50%, the volatile matter no requirement (NR) to coal, water-cooling wall dross is easily and uniform, no Heisui River and brine waste processing problem, It can meet requirement of the branch of industry to high-efficiency large chemical combination shaping gasification furnace.

Claims (7)

1. the Y type airflow bed gasification furnaces of dry granulation deslagging, it is characterised in that gasification furnace is divided into vaporizer and shock chamber, and centre is logical Segmentation conical head is crossed to separate；The room housing that gasifies is insulation material layer, coolant jacket and refractory masses successively from outside to inside；In gas Change room bottom and cooling liquid inlet is set, top sets cooling liquid outlet；Vaporizer top center sets pipe top nozzle, and top is circumferentially It is uniformly arranged 3 and more than 3 side nozzles, side nozzle and horizontal direction angle be -15 °~15 °, with radial direction angle be 2 °~ 75°；The centrally disposed gasification product outlet of segmented taper end socket, is passed through shock chamber；Quench is set on the outside of gasification product outlet Sprinkler head, shock chamber bottom set fluid-bed heat exchanger, and shock chamber top sets crude synthesis gas to export access air cement separator, gas The ash discharging hole discharge fine ash of grey separator returns to raw material pulverized coal bin and recycles.

2. the Y type airflow bed gasification furnaces of dry granulation deslagging according to claim 1, it is characterised in that pipe top nozzle and side spray The ratio between feed throughput of mouth is 1~4:1.

3. the Y type airflow bed gasification furnaces of dry granulation deslagging according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the cooling of vaporizer Cover for cooling jacket, cooling ring vessel or cooling tubulation.

4. the Y type airflow bed gasification furnaces of dry granulation deslagging according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the Gao Jing of vaporizer Than for 2-5:1, side nozzle spout is 500-2500mm away from vaporizer overhead height, the wear-resistant material layer of vaporizer for carborundum or Dimension stone of magnesia alumina spinel is poured into a mould.

5. the Y type airflow bed gasification furnaces of dry granulation deslagging according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described vaporizer Refractory masses poured into a mould for carborundum or dimension stone of magnesia alumina spinel.

6. the Y type airflow bed gasification furnaces of dry granulation deslagging according to claim 1, it is characterised in that shock chamber uses general Logical heat-insulation wear-resistant material cast, ratio of height to diameter are 2~8:1, gas exit is 100-1000mm away from shock chamber's overhead height.

7. the Y type airflow bed gasification furnaces of dry granulation deslagging according to claim 1, it is characterised in that fluid-bed heat exchanger Bottom be equipped with vapor distributor, each independent heat removal clutch is installed in fluid bed；The water inlet pipe difference of heat removal clutch By valve and water inlet pipe unicom, outlet pipe passes through valve and steamdrum unicom respectively.