CN203582819U - Entrained-flow bed gasifier for cyclone melt-cinder solidification - Google Patents
Entrained-flow bed gasifier for cyclone melt-cinder solidification Download PDFInfo
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- CN203582819U CN203582819U CN201320612438.6U CN201320612438U CN203582819U CN 203582819 U CN203582819 U CN 203582819U CN 201320612438 U CN201320612438 U CN 201320612438U CN 203582819 U CN203582819 U CN 203582819U
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Abstract
The utility model provides an entrained-flow bed gasifier for cyclone melt-cinder solidification. The gasifier is divided into a pressure-durable casing and a gasifier liner, wherein the gasifier liner comprises a gasification chamber, a cyclone cooling chamber and a solid cinder cooling chamber, and a segmented conical gland is arranged in the middle of the gasifier liner; a heat-insulation material layer, a cooling jacket and an abrasion-resistance material layer are arranged in a gasifier shell from outside to inside sequentially; a cooling water inlet is formed in the bottom of the gasification chamber, a saturated steam outlet is formed in the lateral side on the top of the gasification chamber; a top nozzle is arranged in the center of the roof of the gasification chamber, more than 3 lateral nozzles are uniformly formed in the upper part of the gasification chamber along the circumference; a gasified product outlet is formed in the center of the segmented conical gland at the bottom of the gasification chamber; an atomized water cooling casing is arranged outside a gasified product outlet in the cyclone cooling chamber, and a coal gas outlet is formed in the upper part of the cyclone cooling chamber; a solidified cinder outlet formed in the center of the segmented conical gland at the bottom of the cooling chamber is connected with the solid cinder cooling chamber and introduced into the middle of the solid cinder cooling chamber; a water cooling cinder outlet is formed in the center of the segmented conical gland at the bottom of the solid cinder cooling chamber, so that residual heat can be sufficiently utilized, and the problem of black liquor can be solved.
Description
One, technical field
The present invention relates to coal chemical technology, especially, relate to coal gas fluidized bed gasification.
Two, background technology
Gasification is the cleaning and efficient tap and the gordian technique of utilizing of coal.Entrained flow gasification is the New type coal cocurrent flow type gasification technology growing up nearest decades, vaporized chemical and coal dust or coal slurry enter vaporizer through nozzle, the pyrolysis of coal, burning and gasification reaction almost carry out simultaneously, high temperature has guaranteed high efficiency gasification, and the mineral substance in coal leaves vapourizing furnace after becoming slag.Compare with other gasification technologies, pressurized entrained-bed gasification temperature is high, processing power large, gas effective constituent is high, gasification efficiency is high, is the developing direction of future coal synthesis type gasification technology.
It is different with layout that air-flow bed coal-gasification technique is pressed nozzle quantity at present, can be divided into the outspoken spray of single spraying and multi-nozzle to spraying two classes.As Texaco coal water slurry gasification and GSP coal gasification all adopt the outspoken spray mode of single spraying, its advantage is structure and control is simple, cost is low, but the fluid relating under high temperature, high pressure, heterogeneous conditions due to pressurized gasification process flows and associated transmittance process and complicated chemical reaction process, the outspoken atomization effect of single spraying is undesirable, and gasification efficiency is relatively low; The treatment capacity amplitude of accommodation is little in addition, capacity is little, cannot meet the demand of maximization.Shell and multi-nozzle coal water slurry process have adopted multi-nozzle to spray structure, improved vapourizing furnace mass-and heat-transfer effect, the index such as efficiency of carbon conversion, energy consumption increases, but, Shell multi-nozzle structure has increased the complicacy of equipment, particularly need independently linkage control system, thereby increased equipment manufacturing cost, operation easier and maintenance rate; The opposed gasifying process of coal water slurry multi-nozzle is because the distribution of flame field easily causes the ablation of furnace roof portion refractory materials, and furnace roof refractory brick life only has some months, has greatly improved investment.
Vapourizing furnace raw gas out has very high temperature (1200～1700 ℃), in order to allow the molten ash of carrying secretly solidify, reclaims complementary energy, need to be cooling to it.At present, the hot mode that moves of industrial employing has two kinds: a kind of is the up pot destroying process of coal gas, produces high pressure steam; Another kind is the descending water chilling process of coal gas, produces saturation water raw gas.The up pot destroying process thermo-efficiency of coal gas is high, avoided a Heisui River difficult problem for chilled water, but up pot destroying process is only the part heat that has reclaimed gas, and the heat of slag is not reclaimed, and adopt mode equipment complexity, the energy consumption of cold coal gas pressurization circulation Quench, useless pot recovery waste heat high.Chilling process gasification furnace structure is simple, but a large amount of waste heat wastes of water chilling process, and chilling process Heisui River amount is large, and subsequent disposal pipeline knot is stifled serious.Although the descending employing pot destroying process of coal gas can reclaim the waste heat amount of synthetic gas and slag simultaneously, because useless pot passage, seldom industrial applications are stopped up in sticky grey fouling.
Patent CN102994160A mentions a kind of airflow bed gasification furnace of solid phase deslagging, utilize top spray to chew with side nozzle and be combined to form Y type impingement region, extend coal water slurry in the high temperature reaction zone residence time, strengthened caloic transmission and mixing process, avoided high temperature impact furnace roof portion refractory materials, improve efficiency of carbon conversion and expand scope and the treatment capacity amplitude of accommodation that is suitable for coal, eliminating the pinking of single top spray mouth the gasifier to start working potential safety hazard causing and the defect that reduces the furnace protection layer life-span simultaneously; Utilize the water wall structure that insulation material layer, cooling tube and wear-resistant material layer combine from outside to inside to realize with slag anti-slag, protection cooling tube, improve the vapourizing furnace life-span; Utilize circulating cooling coal gas strengthened slagging cooling curing, the centrifugal rotation of eddy flow cooling jacket rotation ejection to realize lime-ash separation, solved a Heisui River difficult problem for water chilling process, reclaim the waste heat of ash, slag and synthetic gas simultaneously, simplified cooling room structure, reduced severity and the cost of heat insulation and wear resistance material.Performance is much better than the airflow bed gasification furnace of other synthesis types in actual applications, but also exist water wall dross difficulty large, inhomogeneous, easily produce bulk and fall slag, affect long period safe operation, coal gas circulating cooling weak effect, energy consumption is high, investment is large, a little less than eddy flow cold gas drives the centrifugation of synthetic gas rotation, the large-minded waste heat boiler load that caused significantly increases, cooling spiral tubular construction is unfavorable for side nozzle layout, complex structure, bearing shell material requires high significant deficiency and deficiency, the promotion and application of the airflow bed gasification furnace of solid phase deslagging have been affected.Therefore developing large capacity, high-level efficiency, high adjusting, high calorie recovery, low investment, macrocyclic large-scale airflow bed gasification furnace is one of current Coal Chemical Industry difficult problem urgently to be resolved hurrily.
Three, summary of the invention
Object of the present invention is exactly to provide a kind of eddy flow melt cinder curing airflow bed gasification furnace in order to overcome the above-mentioned significant deficiency of the airflow bed gasification furnace technology existence of existing solid phase deslagging with deficiency, have that simple in structure, bearing shell material requires that low, long service life, coal adaptability transformation efficiency wide, carbon are high, water wall dross easily, the treatment capacity amplitude of accommodation is large, heat recuperation rate is high, good cooling results, energy consumption and the advantage such as investment is low, secondary pollution is few, can meet the requirement of branch of industry to high-efficiency large chemical combination moulding vapourizing furnace.
Technical scheme of the present invention:
The invention provides the curing airflow bed gasification furnace of a kind of eddy flow melt cinder, by the withstand voltage overcoat of vapourizing furnace, high-pressure inert gas aeration aperture, insulation material layer, cooling jacket, wear-resistant material layer, top spray mouth, side nozzle, vaporizer, entrance of cooling water, saturation steam outlet, segmented taper end socket, gasification product relief outlet, eddy flow cooling room, atomized water cooling jacket, atomized water import, gas exit, solidify slag slag-drip opening, Gu slag cooling room, striking plate, water-cooled slag slag-drip opening forms, it is characterized in that vapourizing furnace is divided into withstand voltage overcoat and gasification furnace internal-lining, the gap that keeps 50-500mm in the middle of withstand voltage overcoat and gasification furnace internal-lining, centre arranges insulation material layer, withstand voltage overcoat top arranges high-pressure inert gas aeration aperture, vaporizer, eddy flow cooling room and solid slag cooling room form vapourizing furnace inner bag, vaporizer, eddy flow cooling room and solid slag cooling room separate by segmented taper end socket respectively, vaporizer housing is comprised of exterior cooling chuck and inner wear-resistant material layer, and the cooling jacket bottom of vaporizer arranges entrance of cooling water, top-side arranges saturation steam outlet, vaporizer top center arranges top spray mouth, and side nozzle, side nozzle and horizontal direction angle that top arranges more than 3 along even circumferential are 0 °～15 °, with radial direction angle be 5 °～90 °, the segmented taper end socket center of vaporizer bottom arranges gasification product relief outlet and passes into eddy flow cooling room, gasification product relief outlet arranged outside atomized water cooling jacket in eddy flow cooling room is also connected with atomized water import, eddy flow cooling room top arranges gas exit, and the segmented taper end socket center of eddy flow cooling room bottom arranges solidifies slag-drip opening and be passed into solid slag cooling room middle part, Gu the curing slag-drip opening below in slag cooling room is provided with striking plate, gap is 30-500mm, Gu the segmented taper end socket center of slag cooling room bottom arranges water-cooled slag slag-drip opening.
Top spray mouth is 1～4:1 with the ratio of the feed throughput of side nozzle.
The aspect ratio of vaporizer is 2～5:1, and side nozzle spout is 400-3000mm apart from vaporizer overhead height.
The wear-resistant material layer of vaporizer is silicon carbide or dimension stone of magnesia alumina spinel cast.
Eddy flow cooling room is used common heat insulation and wear resistance material cast, and aspect ratio is 4～8:1, and gas exit is 100-1000mm. apart from eddy flow cooling room overhead height
Four, accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is novel water-coal-slurry gasification furnace structural representation of the present invention.
The drawing of accompanying drawing is established bright as follows: 1. the withstand voltage overcoat of vapourizing furnace, 2. cooling jacket, 3. insulation material layer, 4. top spray mouth, 5. side nozzle, 6. high-pressure inert gas aeration aperture, 7. wear-resistant material layer, 8. vaporizer, 9. entrance of cooling water, 10. saturation steam outlet, 11. segmented taper end sockets, 12. gasification product relief outlets, 13. eddy flow cooling rooms, 14. atomized water cooling jackets, 15. atomized water imports, 16. gas exits, 17. solidify slag slag-drip opening, 18. solid slag cooling rooms, 19. striking plates, 20. water-cooled slag slag-drip openings
Five, embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention will be described in detail: shown in Fig. 1, the curing airflow bed gasification furnace of a kind of eddy flow melt cinder of the present invention is by the withstand voltage overcoat of vapourizing furnace (1), high-pressure inert gas aeration aperture (6), insulation material layer (3), cooling jacket (2), wear-resistant material layer (7), top spray mouth (4), side nozzle (5), vaporizer (8), entrance of cooling water (9), saturation steam outlet (10), segmented taper end socket (11), gasification product relief outlet (12), eddy flow cooling room (13), atomized water cooling jacket (14), atomized water import (15), gas exit (16), solidify slag slag-drip opening (17), Gu slag cooling room (18), striking plate (19), water-cooled slag slag-drip opening (20) forms, it is characterized in that vapourizing furnace is divided into withstand voltage overcoat (1) and gasification furnace internal-lining, the gap that keeps 50-500mm in the middle of withstand voltage overcoat (1) and gasification furnace internal-lining, centre arranges insulation material layer (3), withstand voltage overcoat (1) top arranges high-pressure inert gas aeration aperture (6), vaporizer (8), eddy flow cooling room (13) and solid slag cooling room (17) form vapourizing furnace inner bag, vaporizer (8), eddy flow cooling room (13) and solid slag cooling room (17) separate by segmented taper end socket (11) respectively, vaporizer (8) housing is comprised of exterior cooling chuck (2) and inner wear-resistant material layer (7), and cooling jacket (2) bottom of vaporizer (8) arranges entrance of cooling water (9), top-side arranges saturation steam outlet (10), vaporizer (8) top center arranges top spray mouth (4), top along even circumferential more than 3 side nozzle (5) is set, side nozzle (5) is 0 °～15 ° with horizontal direction angle, with radial direction angle be 5 °～90 °, segmented taper end socket (11) center of vaporizer (8) bottom arranges gasification product relief outlet (12) and passes into eddy flow cooling room (13), gasification product relief outlet (12) arranged outside atomized water cooling jacket (14) in eddy flow cooling room (13) is also connected with atomized water import (15), eddy flow cooling room (13) top arranges gas exit (16), and segmented taper end socket (11) center of eddy flow cooling room (13) bottom arranges curing slag-drip opening (17) and is passed into solid slag cooling room (18) middle part, Gu curing slag-drip opening (17) below in slag cooling room (18) is provided with striking plate (19), gap is 30-500mm, Gu segmented taper end socket (11) center of slag cooling room (18) bottom arranges water-cooled slag slag-drip opening (20).
Utilize many-sided knowledge such as hydromeehanics, chemical engineering kinetics, thermal conduction study, the mechanics of materials to carry out theoretical investigation, mathematical simulation and optimization and a large amount of experimental studies, optimum structure and the array mode of definite each several part of the present invention are as follows:
Top spray mouth (4) is 1～4:1 with the ratio of the feed throughput of side nozzle (5).
The aspect ratio of vaporizer (8) is 2～5:1, and side nozzle (5) spout is 400-3000mm apart from vaporizer (8) overhead height.
The wear-resistant material layer of vaporizer (8) is silicon carbide or dimension stone of magnesia alumina spinel cast.
Eddy flow cooling room (13) is used common heat insulation and wear resistance material cast, and aspect ratio is 4～8:1, and gas exit (16) is 100-1000mm. apart from eddy flow cooling room (13) overhead height
In actually operating, when the curing airflow bed gasification furnace of eddy flow melt cinder is worked, coal water slurry or fine coal and vaporized chemical enter stove through the side nozzle of top spray mouth and radial skew, multiple jets mutually collides at burner hearth center and forms Y type rotating percussion district, high temperature reaction zone is mixed, formed to igniting mutually, turbulences, coal dust extended greatly in the residence time of high temperature reaction zone, caloic transmission and mixing process have been strengthened, improved combustion stability, improved efficiency of carbon conversion and expand scope and the treatment capacity amplitude of accommodation that is suitable for coal; And water wall dross is easy, flame retardant coating surface knot one deck solidifies slag blanket, with slag anti-slag, life-span of having improved vapourizing furnace; Due to the effect of top spray mouth, flame direction is downward, up to the flames of 2000 ℃, can not impact furnace roof portion refractory materials simultaneously; Top spray mouth has igniting and response function simultaneously in addition, eliminates the potential safety hazard that the pinking of single top spray mouth gasifier to start working causes and reduces the defect in furnace protection layer life-span and danger that ignition burner and reaction nozzle high temperature are changed and heavy; Coal gas and the molten ash generating also flows high speed rotating, and the gasification product relief outlet through segmented taper end socket center enters the eddy flow cooling room in downstream.Gasification product is by an original water Quench process, becomes intermediate water substep Quench, operational condition and the severity that requires of equipment is relaxed greatly.
Atomized water is from the vaporific ejection of atomized water cooling jacket high speed and the gasification product relief outlet in gasification product relief outlet outside and flow coal gas and molten ash short mix, the lime-ash Quench solidification effect that high speed rotating ejects and be much better than gas Quench; Because the heat of phase transformation of water is large, relatively consumption is few, and cooling energy consumption is far below the cooled coal gas Quench that circulates, also less on the load impact of waste heat boiler; In centrifugal rotation process, consolidate slag because inertia is thrown to greatly the cooling locular wall of eddy flow, goes downwards to curing slag-drip opening, and the higher little synthetic gas upwards being flowed of grey inertia of carbon residue content is taken eddy flow cooling room out of, thereby it is separated to have realized lime-ash, eliminated follow-up extremely unmanageable Heisui River that the water Quench of gas slag cocurrent flow descending air-flow stove produces, subsequent disposal pipeline knot is stifled and secondary pollution is serious, the extremely flimsy general character difficult problem of chilling ring in downtake; Slag solidifies the synthetic gas temperature emit a large amount of heat of phase transformation, outer row and drops in 800 ℃, be convenient to arrange waste heat boiler recycle simultaneously ash, slag and synthetic gas heat, waste heat recovery rate improves greatly; Cooling room temperature drops to 800 ℃ take interior and is dry construction, has also simplified cooling room structure, has reduced severity and the cost of heat insulation and wear resistance material.
Solidify the curing slag-drip opening of slag from solid slag cooling room and enter in water, because below is provided with striking plate, guaranteed that curing slag flows out gently from eddy flow cooling room; In addition at scum pipe without using chilling ring, also just avoided ubiquitous chilling ring in current gas slag cocurrent flow descending air-flow stove water chilling process very easily to damage, affect a difficult problem for long-term operation.
Water-cooled slag is discharged by high pressure lock hopper intermittent type from the water-cooled slag slag-drip opening of solid slag cooling room bottom, separated owing to having realized waste residue in eddy flow cooling room, eliminated the Heisui River difficult problem that descending airflow bed gasification furnace Quench slag produces, subsequent processes is simplified greatly, and cost and energy consumption significantly reduce.
High-pressure inert gas (as nitrogen) injects from the high-pressure inert gas aeration aperture at withstand voltage overcoat top, vapourizing furnace inner bag is moved under very little pressure reduction, thereby guaranteed that withstand voltage overcoat can be used plain carbon stool material, vapourizing furnace inner bag wall thickness greatly reduces, and the usage quantity of the high Nickel alloy material of heat resisting and pressure resisting anti-hydrogen embrittlement and the investment of gasification furnace apparatus significantly reduce.
Cold water intaking flows into from the cooling jacket bottom coohng water inlet of vaporizer, finally from the saturation steam outlet of top-side, flow out, very simply realized at low cost the evenly cooling of wear-resistant material layer inside chuck, wall dross is even, has avoided that the cooling dross of spiral tube is irregular occurs that bulk slag comes off suddenly, stops up the danger of relief outlet.
From pilot scale experimental result, carbon gasification rate up to more than 99%, the Thermal Synthetic rate of recovery improves more than 15%, investment reduces more than 30%, treatment capacity amplitude of accommodation 60%-150%, refrigerant consumption reduces by 80% left and right, and the load reduction of waste heat boiler is more than 30%, volatile matter no requirement (NR) to coal, water wall dross is easy and even, without a usage on black water difficult problem, can meet the requirement of branch of industry to high-efficiency large chemical combination moulding vapourizing furnace.
Claims (5)
1. the airflow bed gasification furnace that eddy flow melt cinder is curing, by the withstand voltage overcoat of vapourizing furnace, high-pressure inert gas aeration aperture, insulation material layer, cooling jacket, wear-resistant material layer, top spray mouth, side nozzle, vaporizer, entrance of cooling water, saturation steam outlet, segmented taper end socket, gasification product relief outlet, eddy flow cooling room, atomized water cooling jacket, atomized water import, gas exit, solidify slag slag-drip opening, Gu slag cooling room, striking plate, water-cooled slag slag-drip opening forms, it is characterized in that vapourizing furnace is divided into withstand voltage overcoat and gasification furnace internal-lining, gap between withstand voltage overcoat and gasification furnace internal-lining is 50-1000mm, withstand voltage outer casing inner wall arranges insulation material layer, withstand voltage overcoat top arranges high-pressure inert gas aeration aperture, vaporizer, eddy flow cooling room and solid slag cooling room form vapourizing furnace inner bag, and vaporizer, eddy flow cooling room and solid slag cooling room separate by segmented taper end socket respectively, vaporizer housing is comprised of exterior cooling chuck and inner wear-resistant material layer, and the cooling jacket bottom of vaporizer arranges entrance of cooling water, top-side arranges saturation steam outlet, vaporizer top center arranges top spray mouth, and side nozzle, side nozzle and horizontal direction angle that top arranges more than 3 along even circumferential are 0 °～15 °, with radial direction angle be 5 °～80 °, the segmented taper end socket center of vaporizer bottom arranges gasification product relief outlet and passes into eddy flow cooling room, gasification product relief outlet arranged outside atomized water cooling jacket in eddy flow cooling room is also connected with atomized water import, eddy flow cooling room top arranges gas exit, and the segmented taper end socket center of eddy flow cooling room bottom arranges solidifies slag slag-drip opening and be passed into solid slag cooling room middle part, Gu the curing slag slag-drip opening below in slag cooling room is provided with striking plate, gap is 30-500mm, Gu the segmented taper end socket center of slag cooling room bottom arranges water-cooled slag slag-drip opening.
2. according to the curing airflow bed gasification furnace of a kind of eddy flow melt cinder claims (1) Suo Shu, it is characterized in that said top spray mouth and the ratio of the feed throughput of side nozzle are 1～4:1.
3. according to the curing airflow bed gasification furnace of a kind of eddy flow melt cinder claims (1) Suo Shu, the aspect ratio that it is characterized in that said vaporizer is 2-5:1, and side nozzle spout is 400-3000mm apart from vaporizer overhead height.
4. according to the curing airflow bed gasification furnace of a kind of eddy flow melt cinder claims (1) Suo Shu, the wear-resistant material layer that it is characterized in that said vaporizer is silicon carbide or dimension stone of magnesia alumina spinel cast.
5. according to the curing airflow bed gasification furnace of a kind of eddy flow melt cinder claims (1) Suo Shu, it is characterized in that said eddy flow cooling room is used common heat insulation and wear resistance material cast, aspect ratio is 4～8:1, and gas exit is 100-1000mm apart from eddy flow cooling room overhead height.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201320612438.6U CN203582819U (en) | 2013-09-24 | 2013-09-24 | Entrained-flow bed gasifier for cyclone melt-cinder solidification |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201320612438.6U CN203582819U (en) | 2013-09-24 | 2013-09-24 | Entrained-flow bed gasifier for cyclone melt-cinder solidification |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104403696A (en) * | 2014-11-27 | 2015-03-11 | 哈尔滨锅炉厂有限责任公司 | Miniature gasifier for tests |
| CN104449868A (en) * | 2013-09-24 | 2015-03-25 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Entrained flow gasifier for swirling melt cinder solidification |
-
2013
- 2013-09-24 CN CN201320612438.6U patent/CN203582819U/en not_active Withdrawn - After Issue
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104449868A (en) * | 2013-09-24 | 2015-03-25 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Entrained flow gasifier for swirling melt cinder solidification |
| CN104449868B (en) * | 2013-09-24 | 2016-08-31 | 中国石油大学(华东) | A kind of airflow bed gasification furnace of eddy flow melt cinder solidification |
| CN104403696A (en) * | 2014-11-27 | 2015-03-11 | 哈尔滨锅炉厂有限责任公司 | Miniature gasifier for tests |
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