CN102796567B - Coal water slurry cyclone entrained flow gasifier and gasification method thereof - Google Patents
Coal water slurry cyclone entrained flow gasifier and gasification method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102796567B CN102796567B CN201210307157.XA CN201210307157A CN102796567B CN 102796567 B CN102796567 B CN 102796567B CN 201210307157 A CN201210307157 A CN 201210307157A CN 102796567 B CN102796567 B CN 102796567B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a coal water slurry cyclone entrained flow gasifier and a gasification method thereof, belonging to the technical field of coal gasification equipment. The coal water slurry cyclone entrained flow gasifier comprises a top nozzle, a gasifier roof, a gasification chamber, an exhaust port and a bottom deslagging port, wherein a swirl blade is arranged in the top nozzle; the side wall if the gasification chamber is provided with at least one layer of corner tangential O2 nozzles; coal water slurry is fed through the top nozzle in a swirl manner, and forms a rotary coal water slurry atomized airflow in the gasifier roof region; pure oxygen is introduced through the corner tangential O2 nozzles on the side wall of the gasification chamber, and forms a tangential high-speed rotary airflow in a region close to the gasifier wall; and under the centrifugal action of the high-speed rotary airflow, coal water slurry particles are subjected to film type gasification on a liquid slag film formed on the surface of the gasifier wall. The invention effectively prolongs the service life of the gasifier nozzle, increases the in-gasifier residing time of the coal water slurry and improves the coal gasification carbon conversion rate; the formed liquid slag resides on the wall surface, thereby effectively protecting the gasifier wall from heat damage and chemical corrosion damage; and the corner tangential O2 nozzles are arranged in multiple layers along the height direction of the gasification chamber, thereby ensuring that the temperature field in the gasifier is uniform.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to cyclonic air flow bed gasification furnace and gasification process thereof, particularly a kind of water coal slurry cyclone airflow bed gasification furnace, belongs to coal gasification apparatus technical field.
Background technology
Coal Gasification Technology is widely used in the numerous areas such as industrial combustion gas, domestic gas are produced, chemical industry is synthetic, oil fuel synthetic raw gas, metallurgical reduction, combined cycle generation, fuel cell, hydrogen manufacturing, has obtained common concern and has obtained greater advance.Coal gasifying process is generally divided into three kinds of moving-bed (also referred to as fixed bed), fluidized-bed and air flow bed.Wherein entrained flow bed gasification technology is large because having treatment capacity, the main development direction that efficiency of carbon conversion is high, cold gas efficiency advantages of higher has become modern Coal Gasification Technology.
The feeding manner of air-flow bed coal-gasification has two kinds: coal water slurry formula and dry pulverized coal formula.Coal slurry gasifier because its technique is simple, coal wide ranges, the separate unit technological merit such as large of exerting oneself obtains extensive concern.Texaco (Texaco) coal slurry gasifier is the Typical Representative of coal water slurry gasification technology, and as shown in Figure 1, vapourizing furnace is mainly comprised of top jet nozzle, furnace roof, vaporizer, venting port and slag-drip opening etc.Coal water slurry enters vapourizing furnace after airflow crash atomization, with O
2in vapourizing furnace, react together with water vapour.Coal water slurry enters after vapourizing furnace through having gone through the main process such as moisture evaporation, pyrolysis devolatilization, coal-char combustion gasification reaction and gasification reduction reaction.The raw gas generating is collected by venting port after overcooling, dedusting, desulfurization, and liquid lime-ash is discharged by slag-drip opening through after cooling, fragmentation.
From practical operation situation, also there is the subject matter of following two aspects in coal water slurry entrained flow bed gasification technology at present.On the one hand, because gasifier temperature is high, nozzle exit O
2with the heat release of coal water slurry generation oxidizing reaction, cause coal-water slurry nozzle very short work-ing life, within average every 2-6 month, just need to change.On the other hand, in current coal slurry gasifier, heat transfer characteristic and flow characteristics are inhomogeneous, easily cause the slag film forming on wall to go wrong when fluctuation of load, cause the refractory materials of coal slurry gasifier or water wall structure to damage and the periodic replacement of having to.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of water coal slurry cyclone airflow bed gasification furnace and gasification process thereof, when not reducing entrained flow gasification economy, solve existing coal slurry gasifier nozzle length and the unsettled problem of liquid slag film in work-ing life, improve the working reliability of coal gasification course.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of water coal slurry cyclone airflow bed gasification furnace, comprise vaporizer, be positioned at the furnace roof on vaporizer top, the top jet nozzle that is positioned at furnace roof top, the venting port that is arranged in vaporizer bottom and bottom slag-drip opening, it is characterized in that: in described top jet nozzle, be provided with swirl vane, at vaporizer sidewall, along short transverse, be provided with at least one deck quadrangle tangential circle O
2nozzle.Furnace roof of the present invention adopts semisphere; It is conical that described vaporizer adopts cylindrical, described bottom slag-drip opening to adopt.
The present invention also provides a kind of water coal slurry cyclone gasification process, it is characterized in that the method comprises the steps:
1) coal water slurry is passed through N
2or CO
2after broken atomization, by the swirl vane in top jet nozzle, enter furnace roof, in furnace roof region, form the downward coal water slurry atomization air flow of rotation;
2) gasification O
2by the quadrangle tangential circle O on vaporizer sidewall
2nozzle tangentially enters vaporizer, and under centrifugal action, coal water slurry atomization air flow is from up to down slowly motion of spiral trajectory in nearly furnace wall district, membrane type gasification occurs on the liquid slag film that coal particle forms on surface, furnace wall;
3) raw gas that gasification generates is discharged vaporizer by described venting port, and the lime-ash of generation is discharged vapourizing furnace by bottom slag-drip opening.
The present invention has following outstanding advantages and effect: the coal water slurry atomization air flow 1. ejecting from top jet nozzle is owing to there is no O
2the combustion-supporting heat release of can not burning, lower at nozzle exit jet temperature, effectively protect top jet nozzle not to be burned; The hybrid position of injection stream and oxygen jet and cross jet structure can be optimized and be determined by flow field, realize flexibility ratio larger; 2. coal water slurry atomization air flow becomes spiral motion along furnace wall, is subject to the impact of wall liquid slag viscous force, and motion slowly, greatly extended the residence time in stove, wall place flow line speed is the highest simultaneously, and gas-solid mixing heat and mass is strong, is conducive to improve the efficiency of carbon conversion of gasification; 3. the liquid slag forming after gasification will directly rest on wall, effectively protect furnace wall not encroached on by heat infringement and the chemical corrosion of high-temperature acidic gas, improve the job security of vapourizing furnace; 4. quadrangle tangential circle O
2nozzle divides one deck or multilayer to arrange along short transverse, can effectively disperse thermal load, forms uniform temperature field in furnace, has improved vapourizing furnace working reliability.Water coal slurry cyclone airflow bed gasification furnace can effectively solve the problem of current coal slurry gasifier exposure in service, is maintaining the high efficiency reliability that simultaneously improves coal gasification course of airflow bed gasification furnace.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is existing typical water coal slurry airflow bed gasification furnace structural representation.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of a kind of water coal slurry cyclone airflow bed gasification furnace embodiment of proposing of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is top swirl nozzle schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 is coal water slurry atomization air flow movement locus schematic diagram in spherical furnace roof.
Fig. 5 is sidewall quadrangle tangential circle nozzle arrangements and rotating jet schematic diagram.
Fig. 6 is coal water slurry entrained flow movement locus schematic diagram in vaporizer.
Mark in figure: 1-top jet nozzle; 2-furnace roof; 3-vaporizer; 4-venting port; 5-bottom slag-drip opening; 6-swirl vane; 7-quadrangle tangential circle O
2nozzle.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, further illustrate principle of the present invention, structure and embodiment.
As shown in Figure 2, a kind of water coal slurry cyclone airflow bed gasification furnace provided by the invention, comprises vaporizer 3, is positioned at the furnace roof 2 on vaporizer top, the top jet nozzle 1 that is positioned at furnace roof top, the venting port 4 that is arranged in vaporizer bottom and bottom slag-drip opening 5.In described top jet nozzle 1, be provided with swirl vane 6, at vaporizer 3 sidewalls, along short transverse, be provided with at least one deck quadrangle tangential circle O
2nozzle 7.Furnace roof of the present invention adopts semisphere, and vaporizer preferably adopts cylindrical, and bottom slag-drip opening adopts conical.
Coal water slurry is passed through N
2or CO
2after (depending on the requirement of the follow-up flow process of vapourizing furnace) broken atomization, by the swirl vane 6 in top jet nozzle 1, enter furnace roof 2, coal water slurry atomization air flow and water vapour form downward rotating jet at top of gasification furnace, form the downward coal water slurry atomization air flow (as shown in Figure 4) of rotation in furnace roof region; Top jet nozzle 1 is the swirl nozzle (as shown in Figure 3) of an outlet with swirl vane 6.
On vaporizer 3 sidewalls, along short transverse, at least one deck quadrangle tangential circle O is installed
2 nozzle 7, on vaporizer cross section, quadrangle tangential circle O
2nozzle is uniform four (as shown in Figure 5) along the circumferential direction; Gasification O
2by the quadrangle tangential circle O on vaporizer sidewall
2nozzle 7 tangentially enters vaporizer, quadrangle tangential circle O
2the angled vaporizer that enters of jet in nozzle and diametric(al), the jet extended line of nozzle intersects inscribed circle, forms one powerful swirling eddy in vaporizer near-wall region.This rotational flow field makes coal water slurry atomization air flow generation deflection and is entrainmented near vaporizer wall, under centrifugal action, coal water slurry atomization air flow is from up to down slowly motion of spiral trajectory in nearly furnace wall district, on the liquid slag film that coal particle forms on surface, furnace wall, there is membrane type gasification, as shown in Figure 6.
During the hot operation of vapourizing furnace, can on barrel, form one deck slag film.When coal water slurry entrained flow enters cyclone gasification furnace, the coal water slurry particle that particle diameter is larger is separated from the air-flow of high speed rotating, through high-temperature zone evaporation, dry and pyrolysis, is constantly thrown to the slag film of barrel under the effect of centrifugal force.Along with flowing and rapidly heating of slag blanket, and the high speed of secondary air eddy flow washes away, and coal, pure oxygen and water vapor be generating gasification reduction reaction under hot conditions, produces synthetic gas.The raw gas that final gasification generates is discharged vaporizer by described venting port 4, and the lime-ash of generation is discharged vapourizing furnace by bottom slag-drip opening 5.
With respect to conventional air bed gasification furnace, a kind of water coal slurry cyclone airflow bed gasification furnace that the present invention proposes, owing to having adopted coal water slurry by the charging of top jet nozzle eddy flow, pure oxygen is by the quadrangle tangential circle O of vaporizer sidewall
2the design of nozzle tangential admission, has avoided top jet nozzle place coal water slurry atomization air flow and O
2burning thermopositive reaction, efficiently solves the problem that coal water slurry entrained flow bed gasification stove nozzle life is not grown.Utilize the centrifugal action of high speed rotating jet that coal water slurry particle separation out and is constantly thrown on the liquid slag film of melting, make the liquid slag blanket of vaporizer wall stable, effectively protected furnace wall not encroached on by heat infringement and the chemical corrosion of high-temperature acidic gas.Along wall, become the coal water slurry entrained flow of spiral motion under the effect of liquid slag viscous force, to move slowly, greatly increased at gasification residing time in furnace, wall gas-particle heat transfer mass transfer is strong simultaneously, has improved the efficiency of carbon conversion of gasification; Quadrangle tangential circle O
2nozzle divides multilayer to arrange along vaporizer short transverse, makes uniform temperature fields in vaporizer, improves vapourizing furnace job stability.The water coal slurry cyclone airflow bed gasification furnace that the present invention proposes, when not reducing entrained flow gasification economy, solves the problem of existing coal slurry gasifier, improves the working reliability of coal gasification course.
Claims (3)
1. the water coal slurry cyclone gasification process of an airflow bed gasification furnace, it is characterized in that: described airflow bed gasification furnace adopts following structure, this structure comprises vaporizer (3), is positioned at the furnace roof (2) on vaporizer top, is positioned at the top jet nozzle (1) on furnace roof top, the venting port (4) that is arranged in vaporizer bottom and bottom slag-drip opening (5), it is characterized in that: in described top jet nozzle (1), be provided with swirl vane (6), at vaporizer (3) sidewall, along short transverse, be provided with at least one deck quadrangle tangential circle O
2nozzle (7); Described method comprises the steps:
1) coal water slurry is passed through N
2or CO
2after broken atomization, by the swirl vane in top jet nozzle (6), enter furnace roof, in furnace roof region, form the downward coal water slurry atomization air flow of rotation;
2) gasification O
2by the quadrangle tangential circle O on vaporizer sidewall
2nozzle (7) tangentially enters vaporizer, and under centrifugal action, coal water slurry atomization air flow is from up to down slowly motion of spiral trajectory in nearly furnace wall district, membrane type gasification occurs on the liquid slag film that coal particle forms on surface, furnace wall;
3) raw gas that gasification generates is discharged vaporizer by described venting port (4), and the lime-ash of generation is discharged vapourizing furnace by bottom slag-drip opening (5).
2. the water coal slurry cyclone gasification process of a kind of airflow bed gasification furnace as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described furnace roof (2) adopts semisphere.
3. the water coal slurry cyclone gasification process of a kind of airflow bed gasification furnace as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: it is conical that described vaporizer (3) adopts cylindrical, described bottom slag-drip opening (5) to adopt.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105779014A (en) * | 2016-05-17 | 2016-07-20 | 上海锅炉厂有限公司 | J-shaped entrained-flow gasifier |
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| CN105087075A (en) * | 2015-09-11 | 2015-11-25 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Device and method for gasifying pulverized coal through stratified strong rotation of gasifying agents along furnace height |
| CN105132035B (en) * | 2015-09-11 | 2018-07-06 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | A kind of gasifying agent rotates by force coal dust gasification method |
| CN105199782A (en) * | 2015-09-11 | 2015-12-30 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Gasification agent, strong-rotating pulverized coal and fly ash mixed-burning gasifier device and method |
| CN106701204A (en) * | 2017-02-10 | 2017-05-24 | 虎涛 | Coal gasification system with coal water slurry atomization enhancer |
| CN108192670B (en) * | 2017-12-20 | 2020-12-29 | 南京大学 | Biomass waste liquefaction-gasification treatment method and gasification device |
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| JPH11132427A (en) * | 1997-10-24 | 1999-05-21 | Mitsubishi Materials Corp | Incinerator |
| CN1062587C (en) * | 1998-01-19 | 2001-02-28 | 华东理工大学 | Coal water slurry or pulverized coal gasifying furnace with oppositely arranged nozzles |
| KR100543550B1 (en) * | 2003-08-25 | 2006-01-20 | (주)리메이크코리아 | Whirlpool barner |
| CN101003755B (en) * | 2006-01-19 | 2010-09-29 | 神华集团有限责任公司 | Gasification stove with multi nozzle, and gasification method |
| CN101200643A (en) * | 2007-11-28 | 2008-06-18 | 山东大学 | Inflammable refuse gasification gas making device preventing generation of dioxin and technique |
| CN202786142U (en) * | 2012-08-24 | 2013-03-13 | 清华大学 | Coal water slurry swirl entrained-flow bed gasification furnace |
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| CN105779014A (en) * | 2016-05-17 | 2016-07-20 | 上海锅炉厂有限公司 | J-shaped entrained-flow gasifier |
| CN105779014B (en) * | 2016-05-17 | 2018-09-14 | 上海锅炉厂有限公司 | J-type airflow bed gasification furnace |
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