The gasification installation of a kind of high-effect coal water slurry gas processed
Technical field
The utility model relates to a kind of coal water slurry gasifying device, is specifically related to a kind of gasification installation with the high-effect coal water slurry gas processed of waste heat recovery function.
Background technology
At present, coal gasification is divided according to the form of vapourizing furnace, mainly contains three major types: fixed bed, fluidized-bed and air flow bed.Fixed bed gasification exists high to ingredient requirement, produces pressure low, the problem that environmental pollution is large; Although fluidized-bed gasification exists quantity more, in engineering, also have some problems, and environmental pollution is larger; Entrained flow gasification is mainly used in Coal Chemical Industry plate at present, air flow bed principal feature is that raw material is easy to get, and adopts bituminous coal end, and cost of material is cheap, the most important thing is that it produces pressure larger, production intensity is high, and a stove can be equivalent to tens atmospheric pressure kilns, in addition pure oxygen gasifications, gasification efficiency is higher, air flow bed temperature of reaction is high, and the feature of environmental protection is strong, belongs to clean coal utilization technology.
Entrained flow gasification is divided into coal water slurry entrained flow bed gasification and fine coal entrained flow gasification according to charging.At present, the problem that coal water slurry gasification exists is that slurrying concentration is low, and in coal slurry, water content is high, and consumption systems part heat causes effective gas output not high; Secondly, the coal water slurry gasification overwhelming majority adopts chilling process, and the direct water of hot coal gas is cooled to 250 degree left and right, causes the heat of part not reclaim, directly produce the useless steam that contains sour gas of low specification, and steam is finally all put into atmosphere and is caused environmental pollution; In addition, even if adopt traditional pot destroying process to reclaim also to exist serious engineering problem, equipment manufacturing cost is high and the stifled slag problem of useless pot is very serious, and system can not long-period stable operation; Also have, in coal water slurry entrained flow bed gasification process, feeding manner has single nozzle and four nozzles to distinguish, there is the bad problem of coal slurry atomizing effect in single nozzle, and although four nozzles have solved atomizing effect problem, but due to the collision of employing level, top of gasification furnace is subject to the problem that hyperthermia radiation exists key brick ablation; Finally, existing gasification installation all exists the system consumption water yield large, the problem that efflux wastewater is many.
Summary of the invention
For the problems referred to above, the purpose of this utility model is to provide gasification installation and the method for a kind of high-effect coal water slurry gas processed, and to solve in prior art, slurrying concentration is low, ablation key brick, coal slurry atomizing effect is bad, the system consumption water yield large, used heat can not get reclaiming and radiation waste pot construction costs is high and the problem such as stifled slag.
For achieving the above object, the utility model is taked following technical scheme: the gasification installation of a kind of high-effect coal water slurry gas processed, it is characterized in that, this gasification installation comprises: a coal water slurry preparing mechanism, the one gasification mechanism being communicated with the grout outlet of described coal water slurry preparing mechanism, the one waste heat recovery mechanism being communicated with the discharge port of described gasification mechanism, and a washing mechanism being communicated with the venting port of described waste heat recovery mechanism; Wherein, described gasification mechanism comprises a vapourizing furnace, and one is axially arranged on the main burner of described top of gasification furnace, and a lower slag pipe that is axially arranged on described vapourizing furnace bottom, and described main burner is communicated with described coal water slurry preparing mechanism; Described waste heat recovery mechanism comprises a radiation waste pot and the useless pot of a convection current, and the top of described radiation waste pot is communicated with described lower slag pipe; In described radiation waste pot, be provided with a water wall, described water wall is extended to the middle and lower part of described radiation waste pot by the top of described radiation waste pot; The water wall bottom of described radiation waste pot is radially provided with some Quench shower nozzles; The bottom of described radiation waste pot is disintegrating slag pond, and the bottom in described disintegrating slag pond is provided with a dregs breaker and a lock hopper successively; The top of the useless pot of described convection current is communicated with the bottom of described radiation waste pot by hot gas pipe, in the useless pot of described convection current, is provided with a heat transfer tube; Described washing mechanism comprises a washer, a washing tower and a washing pump; The import of described washer is communicated with the bottom of the useless pot of described convection current, and the outlet of described washer is communicated with described washing tower; It is outer draining that the water outlet of described washing tower is divided into two-way ,Yi road, and another road is communicated with the import of described washing pump; Described washing pump outlet is divided into two-way ,Yi road and is communicated with described washer, and another road is communicated with the disintegrating slag pond of described radiation waste pot.
In a preferred example, described coal water slurry preparing mechanism comprises a rough grinding machine, an atomizer mill and a coal slurry pump; The discharge port of described rough grinding machine is divided into two-way ,Yi road and is communicated with the opening for feed of described atomizer mill, and another road is communicated with described coal slurry pump, and the discharge port of described atomizer mill is communicated with the opening for feed of described rough grinding machine; The method that described coal water slurry preparing mechanism adopts low-rank coal to prepare high-concentration coal-water slurry is produced high-concentration coal-water slurry.
In a preferred example, described main jet, vapourizing furnace, lower slag pipe, radiation waste pot, water wall, disintegrating slag pond, dregs breaker and lock hopper present position are same axis, and are from high to low and are arranged vertically.
In a preferred example, the middle and upper part of described vapourizing furnace is radially provided with some auxiliary burning nozzles, and along described vapourizing furnace to be circumferentially even number symmetrical, described auxiliary burning nozzle is communicated with described coal water slurry preparing mechanism respectively.
In a preferred example, between described radiation waste pot inwall and described water wall, be provided with a protection chuck that can be filled with rare gas element.
In a preferred example, in described vapourizing furnace, be provided with one deck thermal insulation layer or water wall structure.
In a preferred example, in the useless pot of described convection current, a soot blower structure is installed.
In a preferred example, described hot gas pipe adopts liner thermal insulation material or water jacket to protect.
In a preferred example, in described washer, be provided with a Venturi tube.
The utility model is owing to taking above technical scheme, it has the following advantages: 1, the utility model adopts the coal water slurry preparing mechanism being comprised of rough grinding machine, atomizer mill and coal slurry pump, and the method that adopts low-rank coal to prepare high-concentration coal-water slurry is produced high-concentration coal-water slurry, can on existing slurrying basis, improve again water coal slurry concentration 3~5%, thereby reduced system adding without water, system is more energy-conservation, and effectively the gas rate of output improves 2~3%.2, the utility model arranges some burners in the different azimuth of vapourizing furnace, the burner of different azimuth carries out, after atomization, facade collision occurs to coal water slurry in the mode of three-dimensional charging, thereby make coal water slurry atomizing effect more even, not only can improve anoxycausis reaction efficiency, system carbon yield is lower, but also having solved vault ablation problem, separate unit coal feeding amount can increase substantially simultaneously.3, the utility model is provided with the waste heat recovery mechanism being comprised of radiation waste pot and the useless pot of convection current after gasification mechanism, and at radiation waste pot bottom, slag crusher has been installed.Because radiation waste pot has adopted the useless pot of single passage, add part water chilling process, radiation waste pot equipment manufacturing cost significantly reduces, and used heat is recycled, and cold gas efficiency improves more than 10%, has also solved the problem of two channels radiation waste pot obstruction simultaneously.4, the utility model is provided with protection chuck between radiation waste pot inwall and water wall; when work, can in protection chuck, not stop to add a certain amount of rare gas element; the rare gas element of revealing enters radiation waste pot inside to be mixed with coal gas; by rare gas element, completely cut off between water wall and radiation waste drum body and conduct heat, thereby make radiation waste drum body avoid hyperthermia radiation.5, the utility model under the water wall of radiation waste pot part at many levels along the some Quench shower nozzles of being circumferentially evenly arranged of radiation waste pot, for hot coal gas and slag are carried out to Quench, to guarantee that slag temperature before coal gas goes out radiation waste pot arrives below safe coagulation temperature.6, the utility model is provided with a Venturi tube in washer, and washing water and coal gas is abundant mixing, washing in Venturi tube, tentatively to remove macrobead lime-ash.7, in washing tower of the present utility model, multilayer tower tray is installed, coal gas from bottom to top, through tower tray space, carries out sufficient heat and mass exchange with the top-down water that adds, and can be by the thorough washes clean of thinner ash content.8, the waste water that the utility model is discharged washing tower is divided into three parts, first part goes washer to wash coal gas as washing water through washing pump, second section goes to disintegrating slag pond to keep disintegrating slag pool water level stable as moisturizing through washing pump, third part keeps washing tower stable level as outer draining, system discharge of wastewater is only 20~30% of traditional technology, the expense of processing waste water reaches significantly and reduces, and has realized energy-saving and emission-reduction.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the utility model is carried out to detailed describing.Yet only providing in order to understand better the utility model of accompanying drawing is provided, they not should be appreciated that paired restriction of the present utility model.
Fig. 1 is one-piece construction schematic diagram of the present utility model.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the utility model is described in detail.
As shown in Figure 1, the utility model comprises coal water slurry preparing mechanism 100, the gasification 200, of mechanism waste heat recovery mechanism 300 and washing mechanism 400.
Coal water slurry preparing mechanism 100 comprises a rough grinding machine 1, an atomizer mill 2 and a coal slurry pump 3.The discharge port of rough grinding machine 1 is divided into two-way ,Yi road and is communicated with the opening for feed of atomizer mill 2, and another road is communicated with coal slurry pump 3, and the discharge port of atomizer mill 2 is communicated with the opening for feed of rough grinding machine 1.In the present embodiment, the method that coal water slurry preparing mechanism 100 adopts low-rank coal to prepare high-concentration coal-water slurry can be produced and obtain coal grain quality and account for more than 55% high-concentration coal-water slurry of coal water slurry total mass, by rough grinding machine 1 and atomizer mill 2, grind respectively the coal grain of different-grain diameter, form certain grating relation, thereby reach higher filling ratio, the high-concentration coal-water slurry of producing is finally pressed and delivered to gasification mechanism 200 by coal slurry pump 3.It should be noted that, above-mentionedly utilize the method that low-rank coal is prepared high-concentration coal-water slurry in the patent No., to be: open in the patent of invention of ZL200710188396.7, therefore repeat no more.
Gasification mechanism 200 comprises that main burner 4 and that a vapourizing furnace 5, is axially arranged on vapourizing furnace 5 tops is axially arranged on the lower slag pipe 7 of vapourizing furnace 5 bottoms, and main burner 4 is communicated with the coal slurry pump 3 of coal water slurry preparing mechanism 100.In the present embodiment, can also radially be symmetrical arranged in the middle and upper part of vapourizing furnace 5 two auxiliary burning nozzle 41, two auxiliary burning nozzles 41 is also communicated with the coal slurry pump 3 of coal water slurry preparing mechanism 100 respectively.
In a preferred embodiment, the quantity of auxiliary burning nozzle 41 also can be for more than four, and along vapourizing furnace 5 to be circumferentially even number symmetrical.
In a preferred embodiment, can on the inwall of vapourizing furnace 5, cover one deck thermal insulation layer 6, thermal insulation layer 6 consists of resistant to elevated temperatures material, according to the shape of vapourizing furnace 5, is built into, and for blocking heat transmission, protection vapourizing furnace 5 cylindrical shells are avoided hyperthermia radiation.In addition, thermal insulation layer 6 can also replace by other modes, such as water wall structure, also can play good insulation effect.
When work, the high-concentration coal-water slurry of being prepared by coal water slurry preparing mechanism 100 is sent into respectively main burner 4 and auxiliary burning nozzle 41 after pressurizeing by coal slurry pump 3, in vapourizing furnace 5, by the burner of different directions, coal water slurry being carried out to facade occurs after atomization collides, and in vapourizing furnace 5, carry out anoxycausis with oxygen mix and react, generate hot coal gas; Simultaneously by oxygen content control temperature of reaction on the ash fusion point of coal, guarantee in coal water slurry grey fractional melting and flow down along thermal insulation layer 6 (or water wall) inwall, final hot coal gas and slag flow out vapourizing furnaces 5 along lower slag pipe 7 and enter waste heat recovery mechanism 300.
Waste heat recovery mechanism 300 comprises a radiation waste pot 8 and the useless pot 16 of a convection current.Wherein, the top of radiation waste pot 8 is communicated with lower slag pipe 7, is provided with a water wall 9 in radiation waste pot 8, and water wall 9 is extended to the middle and lower part of radiation waste pot 8 by the top of radiation waste pot 8.The sealing mantle cavity forming between radiation waste pot 8 inwalls and water wall 9 is protection chuck 10; when work, in protection chuck 10, do not stop to add a certain amount of rare gas element; the rare gas element of revealing enters radiation waste pot 8 inside to be mixed with hot coal gas; by rare gas element, completely cut off between water wall 9 and radiation waste pot 8 cylindrical shells and conduct heat, thereby make radiation waste pot 8 cylindrical shells avoid hyperthermia radiation.Water wall 9 bottoms at radiation waste pot 8 are radially provided with some Quench shower nozzles 11, and 11 minutes multi-level being circumferentially uniformly distributed along radiation waste pot 8 of Quench shower nozzle, for hot coal gas and slag are carried out to Quench, guarantee that slag goes out the front temperature of radiation waste pot 8 at coal gas and arrives below safe coagulation temperature.The bottom of radiation waste pot 8 is disintegrating slag pond 12, and the bottom in disintegrating slag pond 12 is provided with a dregs breaker 13 and a lock hopper 14 successively.The top of the useless pot 16 of convection current is communicated with the bottom of radiation waste pot 8 by hot gas pipe 15, is provided with a snakelike heat exchange tube 17 that is used for carrying out with heating gas heat exchange in useless pot 16 of convection current.
In a preferred embodiment, main jet 4, vapourizing furnace 5, lower slag pipe 7, radiation waste pot 8, water wall 9, disintegrating slag pond 12, dregs breaker 13 and lock hopper 14 present positions are same axis, and are from high to low and are arranged vertically.
In a preferred embodiment, can also be in the useless pot of convection current 16 interior installation one soot blower structure (not shown)s, to keep snakelike heat exchange tube 17 surfaces not have dust stratification.
In a preferred embodiment, can adopt liner thermal insulation material or water jacket protection hot gas pipe 15.
When work, in the radiation waste pot 8 that hot coal gas and the slag of gasification mechanism 200 outputs enters waste heat recovery mechanism 300 through lower slag pipe 7, in radiation waste pot 8, carry out heat exchange for the first time (radiation heat transfer) with water wall 9, the cold medium in water wall 9 pipes shifts out heat.Hot coal gas and slag carry out heat exchange for the second time (direct heat exchange) in the chilled water of water wall 9 ends and 11 ejections of Quench shower nozzle, and hot coal gas and slag temperature are significantly reduced, and slag is thoroughly solidified.The slag solidifying fall in the water in disintegrating slag pond 12 of radiation waste pot 8 bottoms, obtain cooling, the hot coal gas of lowering the temperature through twice heat exchange leaves radiation waste pot 8 from hot gas pipe 15 and enters the useless pot 16 of convection current, the snakelike heat exchange tube 17 that heating gas continues to give up in pot 16 with convection current in the useless pot 16 of convection current carries out heat exchange for the third time, by the cold medium in snakelike heat exchange tube 17, heat is shifted out.The cooled coal gas that has changed heat flows out and enters washing mechanism 400 from useless pot 16 bottom sides of convection current, and the dust stratification producing in the useless pot 16 of convection current is discharged from the useless pot of convection current 16 bottoms.The slag that falls into disintegrating slag pond 12 is pulverized and is flowed into lock hopper 14 through dregs breaker 13, then irregularly discharges.
Washing mechanism 400 comprises a washer 18, a washing tower 19 and a washing pump 20.Wherein, the import of washer 18 is communicated with the bottom of the useless pot 16 of convection current, and the outlet of washer 18 is communicated with washing tower 19.The top-side of washing tower 19 is provided with the water-in that adds water, and top is provided with the venting port of output products gas, and bottom is provided with the water outlet of discharging waste water.It is outer draining that the water outlet of washing tower 19 is divided into two-way ,Yi road, and another road is communicated with the import of washing pump 20.The outlet of washing pump 20 is divided into two-way ,Yi road and is communicated with washer 18, and another road is communicated with the disintegrating slag pond 12 of radiation waste pot 8.
In a preferred embodiment, can a Venturi tube (not shown) be set washer 18 is interior, so that washing water and cooled coal gas are at the abundant mixing, washing of Venturi tube, tentatively remove macrobead lime-ash.
When work, heating gas enters washing mechanism 400 after 16 heat exchange of the useless pot of convection current, first in washer 18, tentatively slightly washes, and washing water and cooled coal gas from washing pump 20 in washer 18 enter washing tower 19 washer 18 after mixing, washing.Separated washing tower 19 from washer 18 steam water interface out, oarse-grained dust stratification and water droplet fall into washing tower 19 bottoms, after cooled coal gas separation, pass from below to up the tower tray of washing tower 19, in washing tower 19 cooled coal gas and from washing tower 19 tops and the water that adds carry out meticulousr washing, to remove the thin ash in cooled coal gas.The cooled coal gas of last washes clean is discharged and is entered lower procedure from the venting port at washing tower 19 tops.The waste water of discharging from washing tower 19 bottoms has three effects: first part goes washer 18 as washing water washing cooled coal gas through washing pump 20, second section goes to disintegrating slag pond 12 to keep disintegrating slag pond 12 stable levels as moisturizing through washing pump 20, and third part keeps washing tower 19 stable levels as outer draining.
The various embodiments described above are only for illustrating the utility model; wherein the structure of each parts, mode of connection etc. all can change to some extent; every equivalents of carrying out on the basis of technical solutions of the utility model and improvement, all should not get rid of outside protection domain of the present utility model.