CN102987169A - Weaned piglet nucleotide feed additive - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a weaned piglet nucleotide feed additive. The weaned piglet nucleotide feed additive comprises, by weight, 0.8 to 1.3 of adenosine monophosphate 5'-AMP, 0.3 to 0.8 of cytidine monophosphate 5'-CMP, 1.1 to 1.5 of guanosine monophosphate 5'-GMP and 0.7 to 1.4 of uridine monophosphate 5'UMP. The invention further discloses a preparation method and an application of the feed additive. According to the weaned piglet nucleotide feed additive, stress reaction of weaned piglets can be effectively relieved, the piglet grazing rate and the feed utilization efficiency are improved, the oxidation resistance and the immune function of weaned piglets are improved apparently, the organic resistance is enhanced, and accordingly, important significances are provided for modern scientific, intensive and large-scale pig production.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of domestic animal feed additive, be specifically related to a kind of feed additive for weaning piglet.
Background technology
In modern intensive and large scale of pig farm production, the early weaning piglet technology is the key link of pig industry, and the research of early-weaned piglets feed formula and application are directly connected to the growth of weanling pig and the from now on performance of production performance.In China, compare with traditional weaned piglet age in days, generally claim the wean of 21 ~ 35 ages in days to be early weaning, and wean is ultra-early weaning before claiming 21 ages in days.But early-weaned piglets, the problem such as especially the ultra-early weaning piglet is faced with that gut development is immature, gastrointestinal function is poor, immunological inadequacy, resistance against diseases are low, and wean also is related to the variation of piglet physiology, psychology, environment and nutrition condition, these can cause all that piglet is irritated, grazing rate descends, low to the utilization rate of feed, growing delays, thereby had a strong impact on the economic benefit of pig industry.
Animal can increase the requirement of nucleotides at Fast Growth, during suffering to reach immunosupress, and weanling piglet just in time suffers from all these situations, and at this moment the vigorous Organ and tissue of metabolism will need a large amount of extraneous nucleotides to supply with.But weanling pig lacks again synthetic required energy and the glutamine of nucleotides, and this has just caused the deficiency of interior exogenous nucleotide, need to add extraneous nucleotide.In recent years, the research about the nucleotides growth promoting function has more report (Xu Fukang etc., 1995 mouse and chicken; Niu Shuling etc., 2001; Use sunshine etc., 2000; Wang Lanfang etc., 2003; Wang Youming etc., 2003), the result of use research on piglet is less.(2008) such as domestic Zhang Yongqing etc. (2007), Qiao Jianguo have reported the impact of extraneous nucleotide on production performance, anti-oxidation function and the intestinal development of weanling pig, some external researchers (Stein, 2004; Bustamante etc., 2004; Martinez-Puig etc., 2007) be studied for aspects such as the growth of nucleotide pair weanling pig and immunologic functions, but result of study and inconsistent.And the proportioning between the nucleotides may directly have influence on the result of use of nucleotides, but rarely has at present the research report about nucleotide monomer proportioning ratio.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the problem that exists in the present weanling pig feed, the invention provides a kind of novel weanling pig nucleotides additive, this additive according in a certain amount of daily feed that joins piglet, can effectively be alleviated the stress reaction of weaned piglet, improve the production performance of piglet.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
A kind of weanling pig nucleotide feed addictive, described nucleotides comprises adenylate 5 '-AMP, cytidine monophosphate 5 '-CMP, guanylic acid 5 '-GMP and uridylic acid 5 '-UMP, and the weight ratio between each composition is: adenylate: cytidine monophosphate: guanylic acid: uridylic acid=0.8 ~ 1.3:0.3 ~ 0.8:1.1 ~ 1.5:0.7 ~ 1.4.
Wherein, described nucleotides is the acid of nucleotides or the form of salt, and the form of the salt of described nucleotides is sodium salt, calcium salt, sylvite, magnesium salts, zinc salt or the molysite of nucleotides.
The first preparation method of above-mentioned weanling pig nucleotide feed addictive mixes the adenylate 5 ' of formula ratio-AMP, cytidine monophosphate 5 '-CMP, guanylic acid 5 '-GMP and uridylic acid 5 '-UMP sterling (each component purity is preferably more than 99%), makes.
The second preparation method of above-mentioned weanling pig nucleotide feed addictive, take ribonucleic acid as raw material, enzymatic hydrolysis obtains mixed nucleotides liquid and obtains spraying dried mixed nucleotides through the Direct spraying drying, add corresponding adenylate 5 '-AMP, cytidine monophosphate 5 '-CMP, guanylic acid 5 '-GMP and uridylic acid 5 '-UMP sterling (each component purity is preferably more than 99%) according to formula ratio again, so that the weight ratio between each composition is: adenylate: cytidine monophosphate: guanylic acid: uridylic acid=0.8 ~ 1.3:0.3 ~ 0.8:1.1 ~ 1.5:0.7 ~ 1.4.
Wherein, the dried mixed nucleotides of described spray comprises the component of following percentage by weight: mixed nucleotides 42 ~ 60%, crude protein 14 ~ 18%, crude fat 2 ~ 6%, ash content 15 ~ 25%, moisture 5 ~ 9%.The general kernel ribosomal ribonucleic acid is easy to satisfy this index by the dried mixed nucleotides that obtains of enzymolysis spray.
Wherein, described ribonucleic acid derives from a kind of in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, candida utili, candida tropicalis, torulopsis or the saccharomyces cerevisiae.
The application of above-mentioned weanling pig nucleotide feed addictive in the weanling pig feed.Feed addictive of the present invention can effectively be alleviated the stress reaction of weaned piglet; improve the grazing rate of piglet and the utilization ratio of feed; and antioxygenic property and the immunologic function of weanling pig have been significantly improved; strengthened the resistance of body, this has important meaning to modern science, Swine Production intensive and scale
Wherein, the addition of weanling pig nucleotide feed addictive accounts for 1000 ~ 5000ppm of feed weight, and wherein, the addition of weanling pig nucleotide feed addictive is in the total nucleotide amount.
Wherein, the form of using of weanling pig nucleotide feed addictive is solid pharmaceutical preparation.Be preferably powder type or particle form or microparticle form or particulate form.
Beneficial effect: compared with prior art, weanling pig nucleotide feed addictive technology of the present invention has following advantage:
(1) nucleotide feed addictive of the present invention derives from the widely distributed yeast cells of occurring in nature, and production technology is simply pollution-free, and the oligonucleotide product that obtains is a kind of green, environmentally friendly feed addictive.
(2) nucleotide feed addictive of the present invention can obviously be alleviated the early weaning syndrome of piglet, improves grazing rate and the average daily gain of piglet, and can reduce the material anharmonic ratio of piglet, improves the production performance of weanling pig.
(3) nucleotide feed addictive of the present invention can improve the activity of superoxide dismutase in the piglet body, is conducive to remove free radical and metabolism harmful substance in the organism, guarantees the body health of weanling pig.
(4) nucleotide feed addictive of the present invention can improve IgM, IgA, IL-2 in the piglet body, and especially the content of IgG and IFN-γ has effectively strengthened the immunocompetence of piglet.
The specific embodiment
According to following embodiment, the present invention may be better understood.Yet, those skilled in the art will readily understand that the described concrete material proportion of embodiment, process conditions and result thereof only are used for explanation the present invention, and should also can not limit the present invention described in detail in the claims.
Embodiment 1:
A kind of weanling pig nucleotide feed addictive: the employing torulopsis is raw material, the ribonucleic acid that extraction is obtained carries out enzymolysis, then the enzymolysis liquid Direct spraying is dry, acquisition contains the mixed nucleotides of four kinds of nucleotides AMP, CMP, GMP, UMP, and described mixed nucleotides comprises the component of following percentage by weight: mixed nucleotides 50%, crude protein 18%, crude fat 4%, ash content 20%, moisture 8%.Detect the content of four kinds of nucleotides, add on this basis an amount of mononucleotide sterling, make four kinds of weight ratios between the nucleotides be: adenylate: cytidine monophosphate: guanylic acid: uridylic acid=0.98:0.5:1.2:1.0, in this additive, the total content of nucleotides finally is 66.6%.
Embodiment 2:
A kind of weanling pig nucleotide feed addictive: the employing saccharomyces cerevisiae is raw material, the ribonucleic acid that extraction is obtained carries out enzymolysis, then the enzymolysis liquid Direct spraying is dry, acquisition contains the mixed nucleotides of four kinds of nucleotides AMP, CMP, GMP, UMP, and described mixed nucleotides comprises the component of following percentage by weight: mixed nucleotides 42%, crude protein 18%, crude fat 6%, ash content 25%, moisture 9%.Then add on its basis an amount of mononucleotide sterling, make four kinds of weight ratios between the nucleotides be: adenylate: cytidine monophosphate: guanylic acid: uridylic acid=1.2:0.7:1.5:1.3, in this additive, the total content of nucleotides finally is 59.4%.
Embodiment 3:
A kind of weanling pig nucleotide feed addictive: the employing candida utili is raw material, the ribonucleic acid that extraction is obtained carries out enzymolysis, then the enzymolysis liquid Direct spraying is dry, acquisition contains the mixed nucleotides of four kinds of nucleotides AMP, CMP, GMP, UMP, and described mixed nucleotides comprises the component of following percentage by weight: mixed nucleotides 60%, crude protein 14%, crude fat 2%, ash content 19%, moisture 5%., then add on its basis an amount of mononucleotide sterling, make four kinds of weight ratios between the nucleotides be: adenylate: cytidine monophosphate: guanylic acid: uridylic acid=1.0:0.3:1.1:0.7, in this additive, the total content of nucleotides finally is 67.3%.
Embodiment 4:
A kind of weanling pig nucleotide feed addictive, directly add purity at the AMP sodium salt more than 99%, CMP sodium salt, GMP sylvite and UMP, the ratio of the weight number between four kinds of nucleotides is: adenylate sodium salt: cytidine monophosphate sodium salt: guanylic acid sylvite: uridylic acid=1.3:0.8:1.2:1.4.
Embodiment 5:
1, experimental animal and grouping
240 of near, the about 35 age in days weanling pigs of selective body heavy phase are divided into 5 groups at random by initial body weight, are respectively 1 group ~ 4 groups of control group and tests.Establish 6 repetitions in every group, each repeats 8 pigs, totally 30 hurdles, and each processes the corresponding daily ration of feeding respectively, tests omnidistance free choice feeding and drinking-water, and feeding and management method is determined according to the concrete condition at test site.Control group: basal diet determines that according to the condition at test site do not do change, its prescription and nutritional labeling see Table 1;
Test group 1: add the nucleotide feed addictive among the 4200ppm embodiment 1 in the basal diet prescription;
Test group 2: add the nucleotide feed addictive among the 4200ppm embodiment 2 in the basal diet prescription;
Test group 3: add the nucleotide feed addictive among the 4200ppm embodiment 3 in the basal diet prescription;
Test group 4: add the nucleotide feed addictive among the 4200ppm embodiment 4 in the basal diet prescription.
Table 1 basal diet prescription and nutritional labeling
1Every kilogram of premix comprises: vitamin A, 160,000 IU; Vitamin D, 3.5 ten thousand IU; Vitamin E, 550IU; Vitamin K, 45mg; Vitamin B1,30mg; Vitamin B2,150mg; Vitamin B6,20mg; Cobalamin, 0.4mg; Calcium pantothenate, 100mg; Nicotinic acid, 390mg; Folic acid, 20mg; Biotin, 0.2mg; Iron, 3.0g; Copper, 3.6g; Manganese, 0.75g; Zinc, 3.0g; Iodine, 35.0mg; Selenium, 7.0mg; Lysine, 3.5%; Salt, 8%; Choline, 8.0g/kg; Calcium, 12%; Total phosphorus, 3.0%.
2Poplar Biological Co., Ltd. of Wuhan Xinhua produces, and every gram complex enzyme product comprises: acid protease, 1400IU; Neutral proteinase, 600IU; Amylase, 2500IU; Zytase, 800IU; 'beta '-mannase, 3600IU; 1,4 beta-glucanase, 200IU; Zytase, 800IU.
3Chongqing Jiamei spices Co., Ltd produces, butyric acid 〉=1%, Mei Late reactant 〉=5%, smart squid extract 〉=5%.
1, feeding and management
Experiment pig is raised in same pig house, free choice feeding drinking-water, and room temperature remains on (25 ± 3) ℃.After raising 7d in advance, weigh morning on an empty stomach, as initial body weight, enters formal test.To crib is principle without residue to have enough in fact, the sufficient cleaning of assurance is drunk water.Every day, inventory respectively organized in record, and observe the health status such as growing, search for food of pig.When test 28d finished, morning, vena cava anterior blood sampling 10ml injected the centrifuge tube that does not add anti-freezing on an empty stomach, slant setting solidifies rear with centrifugal 20 minutes (3000r/min, the 20min) of 2000g centrifugal force, get supernatant, be stored in-20 ℃ of refrigerators the test serum biochemical indicator.
2, testing index and method
3.1 growth performance index
The every day entry food consumption of duration of test, test the 1st, the 28d piglet weighs on an empty stomach.Calculate daily gain (ADG), daily ingestion amount (ADPI) and material anharmonic ratio (F/G).
3.2 diarrhea frequency
Duration of test, a situation arises for the diarrhoea of observed and recorded piglet every day.Every diarrhea of pigs 1d is a diarrhoea head.Calculate the diarrhea frequency of each group after the off-test.Diarrhea frequency (%)=diarrhoea head time sum/(experiment pig's head number * experiment fate) * 100.
3.3 blood parameters
Measure total protein (TP), urea nitrogen (BUN), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), creatinine (CREA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) level in the serum.Required kit builds up biotech firm available from Shanghai, and sample adopts automatic clinical chemistry analyzer to detect.
3.4 sero-immunity index
Measure proleulzin (IL-2), interferon-r (IFN-r), immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin M (IgM), immunoglobulin A (IgA) in the serum.Adopt the ELISA method to measure.
4. result of the test and analysis
4.1 the impact of nucleotide pair Production Performance of Weaning Pigs
The impact of adding the nucleotide pair Production Performance of Weaning Pigs is as shown in table 3.Daily feed is only fed in the wean of control group, after test group is added respectively the nucleotide feed addictive of different weight percentage, the daily ingestion amount of piglet obviously increases, guaranteed the absorption of nutriment, the daily gain of final test group respectively contrast group has improved 12.47%, 14.10%, 14.34% and 13.97%.And the material anharmonic ratio respectively the contrast group reduced by 9.50%, 8.94%, 10.06% and 9.50%, the utilization rate of feed that additive Effective Raise of the present invention has been used in this explanation has significant economic benefit.In addition, the interpolation of nucleotides can effectively prevent and treat the intestines problem (as shown in table 2) of animal, and the diarrhea rate of control group piglet obviously reduces.
The impact of table 2 nucleotide pair Production Performance of Weaning Pigs
4.2 the impact of nucleotide pair weanling pig blood parameters
All piglet growth shows as estimating, the body internal protein is synthetic, the index of Dietary Crude Protein utilization ratio the height of total serum protein level, urea nitrogen in a lot of researchs.The total serum protein level is the tabulation of reflection liver synthetic proteins ability, and the serum albumin content height is conducive to improve metaboilic level and the immunity of animal body.Be negative correlation between the utilization rate of urea nitrogen content and protein, the reduction of serum urea nitrogen content has shown the increase that nitrogen deposits in vivo, and protein anabolism is strengthened.As shown in table 3, after test group was added nucleotides, total protein content had improved respectively 8.31%, 9.31%, 8.79% and 9.20%, and urea nitrogen has reduced respectively 15.899%, 14.52%, 12.60% and 18.08%.
Compare with control group, the content of the serum creatinine of the piglet of interpolation nucleotides significantly reduces in the daily feed, and this shows that adding nucleotides is conducive to alleviate the immunosuppressive action that weaned piglet causes.Alkaline phosphatase is the key enzyme of nutrient metabolism, has also played the part of the key player in the nucleotides absorption process.Add nucleotides and significantly improved the piglet Serum alkaline phosphatase activity, so just have more nucleotides catabolite by intestinal absorption.Superoxide dismutase is a kind of active material that comes from life entity, can eliminate the harmful substance that organism produces in metabolic processes.After adding nucleotides, the activity of test group superoxide dismutase has improved respectively 23.08%, 20.26%, 27.17% and 25.62%.
The impact of table 3 nucleotide pair weanling pig blood parameters
4.3 the impact of nucleotide pair weanling pig haematogenic immunity index of correlation
IgG is the main antibody of humoral immunity, and the IgG level height in the serum is to guarantee that piglet is healthy, tide over the important foundation of ablactation stress reposefully.IgM is that body contacts the antibody that antigenic substance produces the earliest for the first time, plays key effect in anti-infective.Antibiotic, antiviral, antitoxin function that IgA has is equally brought into play key effect in mucosal immunity.IL-2 and IFN-γ are the important cell factors that immunocyte produces in the animal body, have immunoregulation effect, are important indicators judging body's immunity.
The impact of nucleotide pair weanling pig haematogenic immunity index sees Table 4.After adding nucleotides, the content of IgG, IgM, IgA, IL-2 and IFN-γ all the contrast group had improve, especially remarkable with the variation of IgG and IFN-γ content.IgG than control group improved respectively 22.49%, 20.01%, 20.19% and 20.92%, IFN-γ improved respectively 43.13%, 37.67%, 40.39% and 38.08% than control group.Test shows, the immunologic function that nucleotide feed addictive can the Effective Raise piglet strengthens its resistance against diseases.
The impact of table 4 nucleotide pair weanling pig haematogenic immunity index
Embodiment 6:
Adjust respectively the prescription of four kinds of nucleotides, be optimized experiment with the control group contrast, the results are shown in Table 5.By optimizing, the prescription that we obtain is: adenylate: cytidine monophosphate: guanylic acid: uridylic acid=0.8 ~ 1.3:0.3 ~ 0.8:1.1 ~ 1.5:0.7 ~ 1.4.Wherein optimization formula is: 1.0:0.5:1.2:0.9.
Table 5
Annotate: recipe ratio is pressed following arrangement=adenylate: cytidine monophosphate: guanylic acid: uridylic acid (weight ratio).
Claims (10)
1. weanling pig nucleotide feed addictive, it is characterized in that, described nucleotides comprises adenylate 5 '-AMP, cytidine monophosphate 5 '-CMP, guanylic acid 5 '-GMP and uridylic acid 5 '-UMP, and the weight ratio between each composition is: adenylate: cytidine monophosphate: guanylic acid: uridylic acid=0.8 ~ 1.3:0.3 ~ 0.8:1.1 ~ 1.5:0.7 ~ 1.4.
2. weanling pig nucleotide feed addictive according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described nucleotides is the acid of nucleotides or the form of salt, and the form of the salt of described nucleotides is sodium salt, calcium salt, sylvite, magnesium salts, zinc salt or the molysite of nucleotides.
3. the preparation method of weanling pig nucleotide feed addictive claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the adenylate 5 ' of formula ratio-AMP, cytidine monophosphate 5 '-CMP, guanylic acid 5 '-GMP and uridylic acid 5 '-UMP sterling are mixed, make.
4. the preparation method of weanling pig nucleotide feed addictive claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, take ribonucleic acid as raw material, enzymatic hydrolysis obtains mixed nucleotides liquid and obtains spraying dried mixed nucleotides through the Direct spraying drying, add corresponding adenylate 5 '-AMP, cytidine monophosphate 5 '-CMP, guanylic acid 5 '-GMP and uridylic acid 5 '-UMP sterling according to formula ratio again, so that the weight ratio between each composition is: adenylate: cytidine monophosphate: guanylic acid: uridylic acid=0.8 ~ 1.3:0.3 ~ 0.8:1.1 ~ 1.5:0.7 ~ 1.4.
5. the preparation method of weanling pig nucleotide feed addictive according to claim 4, it is characterized in that the mixed nucleotides that described spray is done comprises the component of following percentage by weight: mixed nucleotides 42 ~ 60%, crude protein 14 ~ 18%, crude fat 2 ~ 6%, ash content 15 ~ 25%, moisture 5 ~ 9%.
6. the preparation method of weanling pig nucleotide feed addictive according to claim 4 is characterized in that, described ribonucleic acid derives from a kind of in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, candida utili, candida tropicalis, torulopsis or the saccharomyces cerevisiae.
7. the application of weanling pig nucleotide feed addictive claimed in claim 1 in the weanling pig feed.
8. application according to claim 7, it is characterized in that, the weanling pig nucleotide feed addictive is alleviated the stress reaction of weaned piglet, improve the grazing rate of piglet and the utilization ratio of feed, and significantly improve antioxygenic property and the immunologic function of weanling pig, strengthened the resistance of body.
9. application according to claim 7 is characterized in that, the addition of weanling pig nucleotide feed addictive accounts for 1000 ~ 5000ppm of feed weight, and wherein, the addition of weanling pig nucleotide feed addictive is in the total nucleotide amount.
10. application according to claim 7 is characterized in that, the form of using of weanling pig nucleotide feed addictive is solid pharmaceutical preparation.
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| CN106721247A (en) * | 2016-11-10 | 2017-05-31 | 南京工业大学 | Feed additive capable of promoting intestinal development of weaned piglets |
| CN107712345A (en) * | 2017-10-17 | 2018-02-23 | 南京工业大学 | Nucleotide mixture crystal powder and preparation method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20130327 |