CN102972452A - Biological plant source miticide prepared from urban greening wastes and preparation and application of biological plant source miticide - Google Patents
Biological plant source miticide prepared from urban greening wastes and preparation and application of biological plant source miticide Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a biological plant source miticide prepared from urban greening wastes, and preparation and application of the biological plant source miticide. The biological plant source miticide is composed of 40%-80% of bulk drugs and 20%-60% of conventional auxiliary materials. The bulk drugs comprise the following components in percenrage by weight: 2%-20% of ligustrum lucidum extract, 5%-30% of ailanthus altissima extract, 5%-30% of liriodendron chinensis extract, 5%-10% of camptotheca acuminate extract, 5%-25% of magnolia grandiflora linn extract, 5%-30% of koelreuteria paniculata extract, 5%-20% of cinnamomum camphora extract, 5%-15% of sapium sebiferum extract and 4%-10% of berberis thunbergii DC. extract. The plant extracts are all obtained by drying, powdering, leaching and filtering branches, stems, leaves, flowers and fruits or mixtures of these parts, which are cut from plants, or shed and wasted naturally or wasted in the process of processing other products. The biological plant source miticide is efficient, free from residuals, low in production cost, high in combination property as well as economical, practical and environment-friendly.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the biological miticide of plant resource of technical field of pesticide, particularly, relate to the biological miticide of plant resource and preparation and purposes that a kind of urban afforestation rubbish is made.
Background technology
All be found on the crops of phytophagous mites all over the world, it has, and volume is little, breeding is fast, strong adaptability and the characteristics such as easily develop immunity to drugs, and is the pest communities of the very difficult control of generally acknowledging.The present used most dependence on import of miticide on the pesticide market of China, the acaricidal expense of import account for that the general import agricultural chemicals expense uses 88.8%.And the loss that crop is caused of mite class, obvious increase was arranged in the past in 30 years.Main cause is intensive monoculture and uses non-specific insecticide.Next is because the growth time of a generation of mite class is shorter, can produce rapidly resistance to original miticide.These insecticides often acaricidal activity are not high, eliminated mite class natural enemy when killing the mite class yet.At present, the 3R problem of chemical pesticide i.e. residual (Residue), resistance (Resistance) and pest resurgence (Resurgence) generally receives people's concern, human more and more deep to the understanding of agricultural chemicals, the use of agricultural chemicals is not paid attention to killing off the insect pests yet, but more pays attention to regulating.Therefore, use the obligate miticide to become the major measure of control phytophagous mites, acaricidal development must be towards biopesticide and the insect hormone type agricultural chemicals future development of efficient, wide spectrum, low toxicity, safety, the demand of satisfying the market.Aspect the acaricidal research of plant resource, many scholars have done a large amount of work both at home and abroad.
Human lives's important role is being beautified and improved to green plants all the time, but along with the continuous propelling of ecological construction and urban landscaping process, urban afforestation rubbish sharply increases.Urban afforestation rubbish refers to that mainly the plant in the city withers and falls naturally or manually prunes the plant residue that produces, mainly comprises leaf, careless bits, trees and shrub beta pruning etc.Owing to can not get rational recycling, for a long time, the greening discarded object does not obtain good development and utilization all the time at Chinese city, its major part enters environmental sanitation system with consumer waste filling and embedding, although kept like this cleaning, but also destroyed the ecological circulation of Chinese garden planting soil simultaneously, made its nutrient budget uneven, soil fertility descends year by year.And consequent garbage reclamation expense has partly increased heavy expenditure also for urban afforestation.In recent years, organic waste output every year of China, problem of environmental pollution was outstanding with the speed increase of 8%-10%, had become one of thorny problem of various places government faces.Urban afforestation rubbish very easily decomposition produces stench, all there is severe contamination in air, soil, water source and the surrounding enviroment of locality, even has hidden peril of explosion in closed environment.
Therefore, the present invention adopts urban afforestation rubbish to carry out the biological acaricidal exploitation of the plant resource recycle utilization of will giving up, avoid " secondary pollution ", and when greatly reducing refuse and process needed a large amount of human and material resources, can also produce very high economic benefit, drive the development in area, promote agricultural development, comply with especially China's advocating and supporting for efficient, low energy, environmental protection.
Summary of the invention
For defective of the prior art, the biological miticide of plant resource and preparation and the purposes of the purpose of this invention is to provide that a kind of efficient, noresidue, production cost are low, economical and practical, a kind of urban afforestation rubbish of environmental friendliness, high comprehensive performance being made.
According to an aspect of the present invention, the biological miticide of the plant resource that provides a kind of urban afforestation rubbish to make, the biological miticide weight percentage of this plant resource forms and is comprised of bulk drug 40~80% and conventional auxiliary material 20%~60%, and each component that wherein said bulk drug comprises and the weight percentage of shared bulk drug total amount thereof are: glossy privet extract 2~20%, heaven tree extract 5~30%, Chinese tulip tree extract 5~30%, camplotheca acuminata extract 5~10%, wide yulan extract 5~25%, Luan Shu extract 5~30%, fragrant Cinnomomum Sps. Extract 5~20%, Chinese tallow tree extract 5~15%, barberry extract 4~10%.
Described glossy privet (Ligustrum lucidum) is taken from that glossy privet is pruned or naturally comes off discarded and utilize discarded branch, stem, leaf, flower, fruit or its mixture in this plant production processing other products process.Described glossy privet extract is glossy privet is pruned or naturally to come off discarded and utilize and clay into power after discarded branch, stem, leaf, flower, fruit or its mixture dried in this plant production processing other products process, lixiviate, and filtration obtains.
Described tree-of-heaven (Ailanthus altissima) is taken from that tree-of-heaven is pruned or naturally comes off discarded and utilize discarded branch, stem, leaf, flower, fruit or its mixture in this plant production processing other products process.Described heaven tree extract is tree-of-heaven is pruned or naturally to come off discarded and utilize and clay into power after discarded branch, stem, leaf, flower, fruit or its mixture dried in this plant production processing other products process, lixiviate, and filtration obtains.
Described Chinese tulip tree (Liriodendron chinensis) is taken from that Chinese tulip tree is pruned or naturally comes off discarded and utilize discarded branch, stem, leaf, flower, fruit or its mixture in this plant production processing other products process.Described Chinese tulip tree extract is Chinese tulip tree is pruned or naturally to come off discarded and utilize and clay into power after discarded branch, stem, leaf, flower, fruit or its mixture dried in this plant production processing other products process, lixiviate, and filtration obtains.
Described camplotheca acuminata (Camptotheca acuminata) is taken from that camplotheca acuminata is pruned or naturally comes off discarded and utilize discarded branch, stem, leaf, flower, fruit or its mixture in this plant production processing other products process.Described camplotheca acuminata extract is camplotheca acuminata is pruned or naturally to come off discarded and utilize and clay into power after discarded branch, stem, leaf, flower, fruit or its mixture dried in this plant production processing other products process, lixiviate, and filtration obtains.
Described wide yulan (Magnolia Grandiflora Linn) is taken from wide yulan and prunes or naturally come off discarded and utilize discarded branch, stem, leaf, flower, fruit or its mixture in this plant production processing other products process.Described wide yulan extract is wide yulan is pruned or naturally to come off discarded and utilize and clay into power after discarded branch, stem, leaf, flower, fruit or its mixture dried in this plant production processing other products process, lixiviate, and filtration obtains.
Described Luan Shu (Koelreuteria paniculata) takes from the goldenrain tree tree-pruning and gets off or naturally come off to discard and utilize discarded branch, stem, leaf, flower, fruit or its mixture in this plant production processing other products process.Described Luan Shu extract is the goldenrain tree tree-pruning is got off or naturally to come off discarded and utilize and clay into power after discarded branch, stem, leaf, flower, fruit or its mixture dried in this plant production processing other products process, lixiviate, and filtration obtains.
Described fragrant camphor tree (Cinnamomum camphora) is taken from fragrant camphor tree and prunes or naturally come off discarded and utilize discarded branch, stem, leaf, flower, fruit or its mixture in this plant production processing other products process.Described fragrant Cinnomomum Sps. Extract is fragrant camphor tree is pruned or naturally to come off discarded and utilize and clay into power after discarded branch, stem, leaf, flower, fruit or its mixture dried in this plant production processing other products process, lixiviate, and filtration obtains.
Described Chinese tallow tree (Sapium sebiferum) is taken from that Chinese tallow tree is pruned or naturally comes off discarded and utilize discarded branch, stem, leaf, flower, fruit or its mixture in this plant production processing other products process.Described Chinese tallow tree extract is Chinese tallow tree is pruned or naturally to come off discarded and utilize and clay into power after discarded branch, stem, leaf, flower, fruit or its mixture dried in this plant production processing other products process, lixiviate, and filtration obtains.
Described barberry (Berberis thunbergii DC.) is taken from that barberry is pruned or naturally comes off discarded and utilize discarded branch, stem, leaf, flower, fruit or its mixture in this plant production processing other products process.Described barberry extract is barberry is pruned or naturally to come off discarded and utilize and clay into power after discarded branch, stem, leaf, flower, fruit or its mixture dried in this plant production processing other products process, lixiviate, and filtration obtains.
Described conventional auxiliary material refers to promote extract dissolving or the solubilizer (tween, polyethylene glycol, neopelex, Potassium dodecylbenzenesulfonate etc.), emulsifier (odium stearate, lauryl sodium sulfate, APEO etc.) and/or the suspending agent that suspend, synergist (Tea Saponin etc.), bleeding agent (emulsifier BP etc.) etc.
According to another aspect of the present invention, provide a kind of above-mentioned plant resource biological acaricidal preparation method, be specially: glossy privet, tree-of-heaven, Chinese tulip tree, camplotheca acuminata, wide yulan, Luan Shu, fragrant camphor tree, Chinese tallow tree, the barberry vegetation pruning gets off or naturally comes off and discards and utilize discarded branch in this plant production processing other products process, stem, leaf, flower, clay into power after fruit or the oven dry of its mixture, again with organic solution as extraction solvent, lixiviate, filter, filtrate adopts the method for reduced pressure concentration to obtain respectively medicinal extract, and then add conventional auxiliary material, according to common process, make the biological miticide of plant resource of the present invention.
Preferably, described oven dry refers to: 30-50 ℃ of lower oven dry.
Preferably, described powder refers to: 20-40 purpose granulated powders.
Preferably, described organic solvent refers to the organic solvent that plant extract is commonly used, as, ethanol, methyl alcohol etc.Organic solvent concentration is 10%-95%v/v, and its consumption is 10-20 times of powder quality.
Preferably, described lixiviate refers to lixiviate 1-7d.
Preferably, described reduced pressure concentration refers to: the crude extract that obtains after the lixiviate is vacuumized decompression to-0.1 atmospheric pressure and places 40-80 ℃ of lower water-bath, make crude extract simmer down to medicinal extract.
According to a further aspect of the invention, provide above-mentioned plant resource biological acaricidal application, namely; Under stirring at normal temperature, water added in the biological miticide of plant resource, make it be diluted to spray after the concentration that plant extracts is bulk drug 0.5-5wt% and use.
The biological miticide of plant resource of the present invention can be applied in the phytophagous mites on the common crops such as control fruit, vegetables, wheat, and the phytophagous mites of concrete control comprises: Tetranychus cinnabarinus, T.urticae Koch, plan tulip goitre mite etc.
The invention provides that a kind of efficient, noresidue, production cost are low, economical and practical, the biological miticide of plant resource of environmental friendliness, high comprehensive performance, for the long term growth of ecotope, human health and the comprehensive regulation of disease profound significance is arranged.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following beneficial effect:
(1) primary raw material of composition product of the present invention is a kind of multicomponent mixture, can strengthen miticidal effect on the one hand, on the other hand because the acting in conjunction of the active ingredient of the different mechanisms of action can delay the pesticide resistance generation of medicament.
(2) raw material be easy to get, process simple, low for equipment requirements, extremely be beneficial to suitability for industrialized production, and the solvent after reclaiming also can reuse.Raw material used in the present invention especially come from urban afforestation rubbish, for urban afforestation prune or naturally come off and utilize discarded object or accessory substance in this plant production processing other products process, these all are some discarded objects, the present invention is discarded without turning waste into wealth with these, avoided secondary pollution, realize the recycling of resource, be conducive to the sustainable development of agricultural.
(3) this miticide derives from natural plant extracts, is easy under field conditions (factors) decompose, and to environment and ecosystem safety on every side, does not have problem of environmental pollution, is the biological miticide of a kind of pollution-free plant source.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiment.Following examples will help those skilled in the art further to understand the present invention, but not limit in any form the present invention.Should be pointed out that to those skilled in the art, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, can also make some distortion and improvement.These all belong to protection scope of the present invention.
In following examples, conventional auxiliary material is take tween as example, should be understood that conventional auxiliary material can adopt other solubilizer (tween, polyethylene glycol, neopelex, Potassium dodecylbenzenesulfonate etc.), emulsifier (odium stearate, lauryl sodium sulfate, APEO etc.) and/or the suspending agent that can promote extract dissolving or suspension, synergist (Tea Saponin etc.), bleeding agent (emulsifier BP etc.) etc. equally.Extract solvent take ethanol as example, certainly, other plant extracts organic solvent commonly used and all can use.The control phytophagous mites is take Tetranychus cinnabarinus as example, and other unaccounted conditions operate according to general common technology.
Embodiment 1
Bulk drug 80% and conventional auxiliary material 20% form the biological miticide of plant resource
Take by weighing respectively glossy privet, tree-of-heaven, Chinese tulip tree, camplotheca acuminata, wide yulan, Luan Shu, fragrant camphor tree, Chinese tallow tree, the barberry vegetation pruning gets off or naturally comes off and discards and utilize discarded branch in this plant production processing other products process, stem, leaf, flower, clay into power after fruit or the oven dry of its mixture (20 order particle) altogether 100g(wherein glossy privet account for 20%, tree-of-heaven 10%, Chinese tulip tree 10%, camplotheca acuminata 10%, wide yulan 10%, Luan Shu 10%, fragrant camphor tree 10%, Chinese tallow tree 10%, barberry 10%), ethanolic solution 500ml with 70% floods 2d in room temperature, filter, the filtrate decompression concentration and recovery solvent of getting nine kinds of extracts obtains extracting medicinal extract, add again 20% tween, stir according to common process, it is mixed, make the biological miticide of plant resource, then thin up in the biological miticide of made plant resource, making bulk drug concentration is 2wt%.Then the biological miticide of the plant resource after will diluting carries out indoor biological activity determination to Tetranychus cinnabarinus, and method is soaked the stem infusion process according to the living tetranychid of surveying among the SOP in country southern agricultural chemicals initiative center and carried out.24 hours each life or death borer populations of processing of " Invest, Then Investigate ", its preventive effect is 95%.
Embodiment 2
Bulk drug 70% and conventional auxiliary material 30% form the biological miticide of plant resource
Take by weighing respectively glossy privet, tree-of-heaven, Chinese tulip tree, camplotheca acuminata, wide yulan, Luan Shu, fragrant camphor tree, Chinese tallow tree, the barberry vegetation pruning gets off or naturally comes off and discards and utilize discarded branch in this plant production processing other products process, stem, leaf, flower, clay into power after fruit or the oven dry of its mixture (20 order particle) altogether 200g(wherein glossy privet account for 10%, tree-of-heaven 30%, Chinese tulip tree 15%, camplotheca acuminata 5%, wide yulan 5%, Luan Shu 5%, fragrant camphor tree 20%, Chinese tallow tree 5%, barberry 5%), ethanolic solution 2000ml with 50% at room temperature floods 3d, filter, get its filtrate decompression concentration and recovery solvent and obtain extracting medicinal extract, add again weight and account for the tween of the biological miticide 30% of whole plant resource, stir according to common process, it is mixed, make the biological miticide of plant resource, then thin up in the biological miticide of made plant resource, making bulk drug concentration is 3wt%.Then the biological miticide of the plant resource after will diluting adopts the indoor pot method to give birth to survey to Tetranychus cinnabarinus, adds up lethality after 24 hours, and its preventive effect is 94.5%.
Embodiment 3
Bulk drug 40% and conventional auxiliary material 60% form the biological miticide of plant resource
Take by weighing respectively glossy privet, tree-of-heaven, Chinese tulip tree, camplotheca acuminata, wide yulan, Luan Shu, fragrant camphor tree, Chinese tallow tree, the barberry vegetation pruning gets off or naturally comes off and discards and utilize discarded branch in this plant production processing other products process, stem, leaf, flower, clay into power after fruit or the oven dry of its mixture (20 order particle) altogether 200g(wherein glossy privet account for 8%, tree-of-heaven 15%, Chinese tulip tree 15%, camplotheca acuminata 8%, wide yulan 8%, Luan Shu 15%, fragrant camphor tree 15%, Chinese tallow tree 8%, barberry 8%), ethanolic solution 1500ml with 30% at room temperature floods 1d, filter, get its filtrate decompression concentration and recovery solvent and obtain extracting medicinal extract, add again weight and account for the conventional auxiliary material of the biological miticide 60% of whole plant resource, according to common process, make the biological miticide of plant resource, then thin up in the biological miticide of made plant resource, making bulk drug concentration is 1wt%.Then the biological miticide of the plant resource after will diluting adopts the indoor pot method to give birth to survey to Tetranychus cinnabarinus, adds up lethality after 24 hours, and its preventive effect is 86.3%.
Embodiment 4
Bulk drug 50% and conventional auxiliary material 50% form the biological miticide of plant resource
Take by weighing respectively glossy privet, tree-of-heaven, Chinese tulip tree, camplotheca acuminata, wide yulan, Luan Shu, fragrant camphor tree, Chinese tallow tree, the barberry vegetation pruning gets off or naturally comes off and discards and utilize discarded branch in this plant production processing other products process, stem, leaf, flower, clay into power after fruit or the oven dry of its mixture (30 order particle) altogether 200g(wherein glossy privet account for 2%, tree-of-heaven 5%, Chinese tulip tree 30%, camplotheca acuminata 8%, wide yulan 5%, Luan Shu 30%, fragrant camphor tree 5%, Chinese tallow tree 5%, barberry 10%), ethanolic solution 2000ml with 60% at room temperature floods 4d, filter, get its filtrate decompression concentration and recovery solvent and obtain extracting medicinal extract, add again weight and account for the conventional auxiliary material of the biological miticide 50% of whole plant resource, according to common process, make the biological miticide of plant resource, then thin up in the biological miticide of made plant resource, making bulk drug concentration is 3wt%.Then the biological miticide of the plant resource after will diluting is adopted the experiment of residential quarter, field Tetranychus cinnabarinus is carried out field control effectiveness test, adds up lethality after 24 hours, and preventive effect reaches 93.8%.
Embodiment 5
Bulk drug 55% and conventional auxiliary material 45% form the biological miticide of plant resource
Take by weighing respectively glossy privet, tree-of-heaven, Chinese tulip tree, camplotheca acuminata, wide yulan, Luan Shu, fragrant camphor tree, Chinese tallow tree, the barberry vegetation pruning gets off or naturally comes off and discards and utilize discarded branch in this plant production processing other products process, stem, leaf, flower, clay into power after fruit or the oven dry of its mixture (30 order particle) altogether 300g(wherein glossy privet account for 14%, tree-of-heaven 9%, Chinese tulip tree 13%, camplotheca acuminata 10%, wide yulan 25%, Luan Shu 8%, fragrant camphor tree 4%, Chinese tallow tree 13%, barberry 4%), ethanolic solution 2000ml with 90% at room temperature floods 7d, filter, get its filtrate decompression concentration and recovery solvent and obtain extracting medicinal extract, add again weight and account for the conventional auxiliary material of the biological miticide 45% of whole plant resource, according to common process, make the biological miticide of plant resource, then thin up in the biological miticide of made plant resource, making bulk drug concentration is 1wt%.Then the biological miticide of the plant resource after will diluting is adopted the experiment of residential quarter, field Tetranychus cinnabarinus is carried out field control effectiveness test, adds up lethality after 24 hours, and preventive effect reaches 92.3%.
More than specific embodiments of the invention are described.It will be appreciated that the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned particular implementation, those skilled in the art can make various distortion or modification within the scope of the claims, and this does not affect flesh and blood of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. the biological miticide of plant resource made of a urban afforestation rubbish, it is characterized in that, the biological miticide weight percentage of this plant resource forms and is comprised of bulk drug 40~80% and conventional auxiliary material 20%~60%, each component that wherein said bulk drug comprises and the weight percentage of shared bulk drug total amount thereof are: glossy privet extract 2~20%, heaven tree extract 5~30%, Chinese tulip tree extract 5~30%, camplotheca acuminata extract 5~10%, wide yulan extract 5~25%, Luan Shu extract 5~30%, fragrant Cinnomomum Sps. Extract 5~20%, Chinese tallow tree extract 5~15%, barberry extract 4~10%, these plant extractss all are corresponding vegetation pruning to be got off or naturally come off to discard and utilize discarded branch in this plant production processing other products process, stem, leaf, flower, clay into power after fruit or the oven dry of its mixture, lixiviate, filtration obtains.
2. the biological miticide of the plant resource made of urban afforestation rubbish according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described conventional auxiliary material refers to promote extract dissolving or solubilizer, emulsifier and/or the suspending agent, synergist, the bleeding agent that suspend.
3. biological acaricidal preparation method of plant resource claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described method is specially: with glossy privet, tree-of-heaven, Chinese tulip tree, camplotheca acuminata, wide yulan, Luan Shu, fragrant camphor tree, Chinese tallow tree, the barberry vegetation pruning gets off or naturally comes off and discards and utilize discarded branch in this plant production processing other products process, stem, leaf, flower, clay into power after fruit or the oven dry of its mixture, again with organic solution as extraction solvent, lixiviate, filter, filtrate adopts the method for reduced pressure concentration to obtain respectively medicinal extract, and then add conventional auxiliary material, according to common process, make the biological miticide of plant resource of the present invention.
4. the biological acaricidal preparation method of plant resource according to claim 3 is characterized in that described oven dry refers to: 30-50 ℃ of lower oven dry.
5. the biological acaricidal preparation method of plant resource according to claim 3 is characterized in that described powder refers to: 20-40 purpose granulated powders.
6. the biological acaricidal preparation method of plant resource according to claim 3 is characterized in that described organic solvent refers to the organic solvent that plant extract is commonly used, and organic solvent concentration is 10%-95%v/v, and its consumption is 10-20 times of powder quality.
7. the biological acaricidal preparation method of plant resource according to claim 3 is characterized in that described lixiviate refers to lixiviate 1-7d.
8. the biological acaricidal preparation method of plant resource according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, described reduced pressure concentration refers to: the crude extract that obtains after the lixiviate is vacuumized decompression to-0.1 atmospheric pressure and places 40-80 ℃ of lower water-bath, make crude extract simmer down to medicinal extract.
9. the biological acaricidal application of the described plant resource of a claim 1 is characterized in that, under stirring at normal temperature water is added in the biological miticide of plant resource, makes to spray after its concentration that is diluted to bulk drug 0.5-5wt% to use.
10. the biological acaricidal application of plant resource according to claim 9 is characterized in that, the biological miticide of described plant resource is applied in the phytophagous mites on the common crop of control.
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CN105028536A (en) * | 2015-07-07 | 2015-11-11 | 上海交通大学 | Compound botanical insecticide for mosquito larvae control, preparation method therefor and applications thereof |
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