CN102972452B - Biological plant source miticide prepared from urban greening wastes and preparation and application of biological plant source miticide - Google Patents

Biological plant source miticide prepared from urban greening wastes and preparation and application of biological plant source miticide Download PDF

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CN102972452B
CN102972452B CN201210497219.8A CN201210497219A CN102972452B CN 102972452 B CN102972452 B CN 102972452B CN 201210497219 A CN201210497219 A CN 201210497219A CN 102972452 B CN102972452 B CN 102972452B
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extract
biological
miticide
plant
plant resource
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CN102972452A (en
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代光辉
陈义娟
陈佳
白羡钦
庞倩茹
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Shanghai Jiaotong University
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Shanghai Jiaotong University
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Abstract

The invention provides a biological plant source miticide prepared from urban greening wastes, and preparation and application of the biological plant source miticide. The biological plant source miticide is composed of 40%-80% of bulk drugs and 20%-60% of conventional auxiliary materials. The bulk drugs comprise the following components in percenrage by weight: 2%-20% of ligustrum lucidum extract, 5%-30% of ailanthus altissima extract, 5%-30% of liriodendron chinensis extract, 5%-10% of camptotheca acuminate extract, 5%-25% of magnolia grandiflora linn extract, 5%-30% of koelreuteria paniculata extract, 5%-20% of cinnamomum camphora extract, 5%-15% of sapium sebiferum extract and 4%-10% of berberis thunbergii DC. extract. The plant extracts are all obtained by drying, powdering, leaching and filtering branches, stems, leaves, flowers and fruits or mixtures of these parts, which are cut from plants, or shed and wasted naturally or wasted in the process of processing other products. The biological plant source miticide is efficient, free from residuals, low in production cost, high in combination property as well as economical, practical and environment-friendly.

Description

The biological miticide of plant resource and preparation and purposes that urban afforestation rubbish is made
Technical field
The present invention relates to the biological miticide of plant resource of technical field of pesticide, particularly, relate to the biological miticide of plant resource and preparation and purposes that a kind of urban afforestation rubbish is made.
Background technology
On the crops of phytophagous mites all over the world, be all found, it has, and volume is little, breeding is fast, strong adaptability and the feature such as easily develop immunity to drugs, and is the pest communities of the very difficult control of generally acknowledging.The at present most dependence on import of miticide used on the pesticide market of China, the acaricidal expense of import account for that general import agricultural chemicals expense uses 88.8%.And the loss that crop is caused of mite class, within 30 years, there is in the past obvious increase.Main cause is intensive monoculture and uses non-specific insecticide.Next is because the growth time of a generation of mite class is shorter, to original miticide, can produce rapidly resistance.These insecticides often acaricidal activity are not high, eliminated mite class natural enemy when killing mite class yet.At present, the 3R problem of chemical pesticide i.e. residual (Residue), resistance (Resistance) and pest resurgence (Resurgence) generally receives people's concern, the mankind are also more and more deep to the understanding of agricultural chemicals, and the use of agricultural chemicals is not focused on killing off the insect pests, but more focus on regulating.Therefore, use obligate miticide to become the major measure of control phytophagous mites, acaricidal development must, towards biopesticide and the insect hormone type agricultural chemicals future development of efficient, wide spectrum, low toxicity, safety, meet the demand in market.Aspect the acaricidal research of plant resource, many scholars have done a large amount of work both at home and abroad.
Human lives's important role is being beautified and improved to green plants all the time, but along with the continuous propelling of ecological construction and urban landscaping process, urban afforestation rubbish sharply increases.Urban afforestation rubbish mainly refers to that the plant in city withers and falls naturally or manually prunes the plant residue producing, mainly comprises leaf, careless bits, trees and shrub beta pruning etc.Owing to can not get rational recycling, for a long time, greening discarded object does not obtain good development and utilization all the time at Chinese city, its major part enters environmental sanitation system with consumer waste filling and embedding, although kept so clean, but the ecological circulation of also having destroyed Chinese garden planting soil simultaneously, makes its nutrient budget imbalance, and soil fertility declines year by year.And consequent garbage reclamation expense has increased heavy expenditure also to urban afforestation part.In recent years, the organic waste output of China is every year with the speed increase of 8%-10%, and problem of environmental pollution is outstanding, has become one of thorny problem of various places government faces.Urban afforestation rubbish very easily decomposition produces stench, and local air, soil, water source and surrounding enviroment are all existed to severe contamination, even in closed environment, has hidden peril of explosion.
Therefore, the present invention adopts urban afforestation rubbish to carry out the biological acaricidal exploitation of the plant resource recycle utilization of giving up, avoid " secondary pollution ", and greatly reduce refuse and process when needed a large amount of human and material resources, can also produce very high economic benefit, drive regional development, promote agricultural development, comply with especially China's advocating and supporting for efficient, low energy, environmental protection.
Summary of the invention
For defect of the prior art, the biological miticide of plant resource and preparation and the purposes of the object of this invention is to provide that a kind of efficient, noresidue, production cost are low, economical and practical, a kind of urban afforestation rubbish of environmental friendliness, high comprehensive performance being made.
According to an aspect of the present invention, the biological miticide of plant resource that provides a kind of urban afforestation rubbish to make, the biological miticide weight percentage composition of this plant resource is comprised of bulk drug 40~80% and conventional auxiliary material 20%~60%, each component that wherein said bulk drug comprises and the weight percentage of shared bulk drug total amount thereof are: glossy privet extract 2~20%, heaven tree extract 5~30%, Chinese tulip tree extract 5~30%, camplotheca acuminata extract 5~10%, wide yulan extract 5~25%, Luan Shu extract 5~30%, fragrant Cinnomomum Sps. Extract 5~20%, Chinese tallow tree extract 5~15%, barberry extract 4~10%.
Described glossy privet (Ligustrum lucidum) is taken from that glossy privet is pruned or naturally comes off discarded and utilize discarded branch, stem, leaf, flower, fruit or its mixture in this plant production processing other products process.Described glossy privet extract is glossy privet is pruned or naturally come off discarded and utilize discarded branch, stem, leaf, flower, fruit or its mixture in this plant production processing other products process to clay into power after drying, lixiviate, and filtration obtains.
Described tree-of-heaven (Ailanthus altissima) is taken from that tree-of-heaven is pruned or naturally comes off discarded and utilize discarded branch, stem, leaf, flower, fruit or its mixture in this plant production processing other products process.Described heaven tree extract is tree-of-heaven is pruned or naturally come off discarded and utilize discarded branch, stem, leaf, flower, fruit or its mixture in this plant production processing other products process to clay into power after drying, lixiviate, and filtration obtains.
Described Chinese tulip tree (Liriodendron chinensis) is taken from that Chinese tulip tree is pruned or naturally comes off discarded and utilize discarded branch, stem, leaf, flower, fruit or its mixture in this plant production processing other products process.Described Chinese tulip tree extract is Chinese tulip tree is pruned or naturally come off discarded and utilize discarded branch, stem, leaf, flower, fruit or its mixture in this plant production processing other products process to clay into power after drying, lixiviate, and filtration obtains.
Described camplotheca acuminata (Camptotheca acuminata) is taken from that camplotheca acuminata is pruned or naturally comes off discarded and utilize discarded branch, stem, leaf, flower, fruit or its mixture in this plant production processing other products process.Described camplotheca acuminata extract is camplotheca acuminata is pruned or naturally come off discarded and utilize discarded branch, stem, leaf, flower, fruit or its mixture in this plant production processing other products process to clay into power after drying, lixiviate, and filtration obtains.
Described wide yulan (Magnolia Grandiflora Linn) is taken from wide yulan and prunes or naturally come off discarded and utilize this plant production to process branch, stem, leaf, flower, fruit or its mixture discarded in other products process.Described wide yulan extract is wide yulan is pruned or naturally come off discarded and utilize discarded branch, stem, leaf, flower, fruit or its mixture in this plant production processing other products process to clay into power after drying, lixiviate, and filtration obtains.
Described Luan Shu (Koelreuteria paniculata) takes from goldenrain tree tree-pruning and gets off or naturally come off discarded and utilize this plant production to process branch, stem, leaf, flower, fruit or its mixture discarded in other products process.Described Luan Shu extract is goldenrain tree tree-pruning is got off or naturally come off discarded and utilize discarded branch, stem, leaf, flower, fruit or its mixture in this plant production processing other products process to clay into power after drying, lixiviate, and filtration obtains.
Described fragrant camphor tree (Cinnamomum camphora) is taken from fragrant camphor tree and prunes or naturally come off discarded and utilize this plant production to process branch, stem, leaf, flower, fruit or its mixture discarded in other products process.Described fragrant Cinnomomum Sps. Extract is fragrant camphor tree is pruned or naturally come off discarded and utilize discarded branch, stem, leaf, flower, fruit or its mixture in this plant production processing other products process to clay into power after drying, lixiviate, and filtration obtains.
Described Chinese tallow tree (Sapium sebiferum) is taken from that Chinese tallow tree is pruned or naturally comes off discarded and utilize discarded branch, stem, leaf, flower, fruit or its mixture in this plant production processing other products process.Described Chinese tallow tree extract is Chinese tallow tree is pruned or naturally come off discarded and utilize discarded branch, stem, leaf, flower, fruit or its mixture in this plant production processing other products process to clay into power after drying, lixiviate, and filtration obtains.
Described barberry (Berberis thunbergii DC.) is taken from that barberry is pruned or naturally comes off discarded and utilize discarded branch, stem, leaf, flower, fruit or its mixture in this plant production processing other products process.Described barberry extract is barberry is pruned or naturally come off discarded and utilize discarded branch, stem, leaf, flower, fruit or its mixture in this plant production processing other products process to clay into power after drying, lixiviate, and filtration obtains.
Described conventional auxiliary material, refers to solubilizer (tween, polyethylene glycol, neopelex, Potassium dodecylbenzenesulfonate etc.), emulsifier (odium stearate, lauryl sodium sulfate, APEO etc.) and/or suspending agent, the synergist (Tea Saponin etc.) that can promote extract to dissolve or suspend, bleeding agent (emulsifier BP etc.) etc.
According to another aspect of the present invention, provide a kind of above-mentioned plant resource biological acaricidal preparation method, be specially: glossy privet, tree-of-heaven, Chinese tulip tree, camplotheca acuminata, wide yulan, Luan Shu, fragrant camphor tree, Chinese tallow tree, barberry vegetation pruning gets off or naturally comes off discarded and utilize this plant production to process branch discarded in other products process, stem, leaf, flower, fruit or its mixture are clayed into power after drying, again using organic solution as extraction solvent, lixiviate, filter, filtrate adopts the method for reduced pressure concentration to obtain respectively medicinal extract, and then add conventional auxiliary material, according to common process, make the biological miticide of plant resource of the present invention.
Preferably, described oven dry refers to: at 30-50 ℃, dry.
Preferably, described powder refers to: 20-40 object particulate powder.
Preferably, described organic solvent refers to the organic solvent that plant extract is conventional, as, ethanol, methyl alcohol etc.Organic solvent concentration is 10%-95%v/v, and the 10-20 that its consumption is powder quality doubly.
Preferably, described lixiviate, refers to lixiviate 1-7d.
Preferably, described reduced pressure concentration refers to: the crude extract obtaining after lixiviate is vacuumized to decompression to-0.1 atmospheric pressure and is placed in water-bath at 40-80 ℃, make crude extract simmer down to medicinal extract.
According to a further aspect of the invention, provide above-mentioned plant resource biological acaricidal application; Under stirring at normal temperature, water is added in the biological miticide of plant resource, it is diluted to after the concentration that plant extracts is bulk drug 0.5-5wt% and sprays and use.
The biological miticide of plant resource of the present invention can be applied in the phytophagous mites on the common crops such as control fruit, vegetables, wheat, and the phytophagous mites of concrete control comprises: Tetranychus cinnabarinus, T.urticae Koch, plan tulip goitre mite etc.
The invention provides that a kind of efficient, noresidue, production cost are low, economical and practical, the biological miticide of plant resource of environmental friendliness, high comprehensive performance, for long term growth, the mankind's health and the comprehensive regulation of disease of ecotope, have profound significance.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following beneficial effect:
(1) primary raw material of composition product of the present invention is a kind of multicomponent mixture, on the one hand can strengthen miticidal effect, and the pesticide resistance that can delay medicament due to the acting in conjunction of the active ingredient of the different mechanisms of action on the other hand produces.
(2) raw material be easy to get, process simple, low for equipment requirements, be extremely beneficial to suitability for industrialized production, and the solvent after reclaiming also can reuse.Raw material used in the present invention especially come from urban afforestation rubbish, for urban afforestation prune or naturally come off and utilize discarded object or the accessory substance in this plant production processing other products process, these are all some discarded objects, the present invention is discarded without turning waste into wealth by these, avoided secondary pollution, realize the recycling of resource, be conducive to agriculture sustainable development.
(3) this miticide derives from natural plant extracts, is easy under field conditions (factors) decompose, and to environment and ecosystem safety around, there is no problem of environmental pollution, is the biological miticide of a kind of pollution-free plant source.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is described in detail.Following examples will contribute to those skilled in the art further to understand the present invention, but not limit in any form the present invention.It should be pointed out that to those skilled in the art, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, can also make some distortion and improvement.These all belong to protection scope of the present invention.
In following examples, conventional auxiliary material is take tween as example, should be understood that, conventional auxiliary material can adopt other solubilizer (tween, polyethylene glycol, neopelex, Potassium dodecylbenzenesulfonate etc.), emulsifier (odium stearate, lauryl sodium sulfate, APEO etc.) and/or the suspending agent that can promote extract dissolving or suspension, synergist (Tea Saponin etc.), bleeding agent (emulsifier BP etc.) etc. equally.Extract solvent take ethanol as example, certainly, other plant extracts conventional organic solvent and all can use.Control phytophagous mites is take Tetranychus cinnabarinus as example, and other unaccounted conditions operate according to general common technology.
Embodiment 1
Bulk drug 80% and conventional auxiliary material 20% form the biological miticide of plant resource
Take respectively glossy privet, tree-of-heaven, Chinese tulip tree, camplotheca acuminata, wide yulan, Luan Shu, fragrant camphor tree, Chinese tallow tree, barberry vegetation pruning gets off or naturally comes off discarded and utilize this plant production to process branch discarded in other products process, stem, leaf, flower, fruit or its mixture after drying, clay into power (20 order particle) altogether 100g(wherein glossy privet account for 20%, tree-of-heaven 10%, Chinese tulip tree 10%, camplotheca acuminata 10%, wide yulan 10%, Luan Shu 10%, fragrant camphor tree 10%, Chinese tallow tree 10%, barberry 10%), in room temperature, flood 2d with 70% ethanolic solution 500ml, filter, the filtrate decompression concentration and recovery solvent of getting nine kinds of extracts obtains extracting medicinal extract, add again 20% tween, according to common process, stir, it is mixed, make the biological miticide of plant resource, then thin up in the biological miticide of made plant resource, making bulk drug concentration is 2wt%.Then biological the plant resource after this dilution miticide is carried out to indoor biological activity determination to Tetranychus cinnabarinus, method is soaked stem infusion process according to the raw tetranychid of surveying in SOP in the southern agricultural chemicals initiative of country center and is carried out.24 hours each life or death borer populations of processing of " Invest, Then Investigate ", its preventive effect is 95%.
Embodiment 2
Bulk drug 70% and conventional auxiliary material 30% form the biological miticide of plant resource
Take respectively glossy privet, tree-of-heaven, Chinese tulip tree, camplotheca acuminata, wide yulan, Luan Shu, fragrant camphor tree, Chinese tallow tree, barberry vegetation pruning gets off or naturally comes off discarded and utilize this plant production to process branch discarded in other products process, stem, leaf, flower, fruit or its mixture after drying, clay into power (20 order particle) altogether 200g(wherein glossy privet account for 10%, tree-of-heaven 30%, Chinese tulip tree 15%, camplotheca acuminata 5%, wide yulan 5%, Luan Shu 5%, fragrant camphor tree 20%, Chinese tallow tree 5%, barberry 5%), at room temperature flood 3d with 50% ethanolic solution 2000ml, filter, get its filtrate decompression concentration and recovery solvent and obtain extracting medicinal extract, add again weight to account for the tween of the biological miticide 30% of whole plant resource, according to common process, stir, it is mixed, make the biological miticide of plant resource, then thin up in the biological miticide of made plant resource, making bulk drug concentration is 3wt%.Then to Tetranychus cinnabarinus, adopt indoor pot method to give birth to survey biological the plant resource after this dilution miticide, after 24 hours, add up lethality, its preventive effect is 94.5%.
Embodiment 3
Bulk drug 40% and conventional auxiliary material 60% form the biological miticide of plant resource
Take respectively glossy privet, tree-of-heaven, Chinese tulip tree, camplotheca acuminata, wide yulan, Luan Shu, fragrant camphor tree, Chinese tallow tree, barberry vegetation pruning gets off or naturally comes off discarded and utilize this plant production to process branch discarded in other products process, stem, leaf, flower, fruit or its mixture after drying, clay into power (20 order particle) altogether 200g(wherein glossy privet account for 8%, tree-of-heaven 15%, Chinese tulip tree 15%, camplotheca acuminata 8%, wide yulan 8%, Luan Shu 15%, fragrant camphor tree 15%, Chinese tallow tree 8%, barberry 8%), at room temperature flood 1d with 30% ethanolic solution 1500ml, filter, get its filtrate decompression concentration and recovery solvent and obtain extracting medicinal extract, add again weight to account for the conventional auxiliary material of the biological miticide 60% of whole plant resource, according to common process, make the biological miticide of plant resource, then thin up in the biological miticide of made plant resource, making bulk drug concentration is 1wt%.Then to Tetranychus cinnabarinus, adopt indoor pot method to give birth to survey biological the plant resource after this dilution miticide, after 24 hours, add up lethality, its preventive effect is 86.3%.
Embodiment 4
Bulk drug 50% and conventional auxiliary material 50% form the biological miticide of plant resource
Take respectively glossy privet, tree-of-heaven, Chinese tulip tree, camplotheca acuminata, wide yulan, Luan Shu, fragrant camphor tree, Chinese tallow tree, barberry vegetation pruning gets off or naturally comes off discarded and utilize this plant production to process branch discarded in other products process, stem, leaf, flower, fruit or its mixture after drying, clay into power (30 order particle) altogether 200g(wherein glossy privet account for 2%, tree-of-heaven 5%, Chinese tulip tree 30%, camplotheca acuminata 8%, wide yulan 5%, Luan Shu 30%, fragrant camphor tree 5%, Chinese tallow tree 5%, barberry 10%), at room temperature flood 4d with 60% ethanolic solution 2000ml, filter, get its filtrate decompression concentration and recovery solvent and obtain extracting medicinal extract, add again weight to account for the conventional auxiliary material of the biological miticide 50% of whole plant resource, according to common process, make the biological miticide of plant resource, then thin up in the biological miticide of made plant resource, making bulk drug concentration is 3wt%.Then biological the plant resource after this dilution miticide is adopted to the experiment of community, field Tetranychus cinnabarinus is carried out to field control effectiveness test, after 24 hours, add up lethality, preventive effect reaches 93.8%.
Embodiment 5
Bulk drug 55% and conventional auxiliary material 45% form the biological miticide of plant resource
Take respectively glossy privet, tree-of-heaven, Chinese tulip tree, camplotheca acuminata, wide yulan, Luan Shu, fragrant camphor tree, Chinese tallow tree, barberry vegetation pruning gets off or naturally comes off discarded and utilize this plant production to process branch discarded in other products process, stem, leaf, flower, fruit or its mixture after drying, clay into power (30 order particle) altogether 300g(wherein glossy privet account for 14%, tree-of-heaven 9%, Chinese tulip tree 13%, camplotheca acuminata 10%, wide yulan 25%, Luan Shu 8%, fragrant camphor tree 4%, Chinese tallow tree 13%, barberry 4%), at room temperature flood 7d with 90% ethanolic solution 2000ml, filter, get its filtrate decompression concentration and recovery solvent and obtain extracting medicinal extract, add again weight to account for the conventional auxiliary material of the biological miticide 45% of whole plant resource, according to common process, make the biological miticide of plant resource, then thin up in the biological miticide of made plant resource, making bulk drug concentration is 1wt%.Then biological the plant resource after this dilution miticide is adopted to the experiment of community, field Tetranychus cinnabarinus is carried out to field control effectiveness test, after 24 hours, add up lethality, preventive effect reaches 92.3%.
Above specific embodiments of the invention are described.It will be appreciated that, the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned specific implementations, and those skilled in the art can make various distortion or modification within the scope of the claims, and this does not affect flesh and blood of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. the biological miticide of plant resource that urban afforestation rubbish is made, it is characterized in that, the biological miticide weight percentage composition of this plant resource is comprised of bulk drug 40~80% and conventional auxiliary material 20%~60%, each component that wherein said bulk drug comprises and the weight percentage of shared bulk drug total amount thereof are: glossy privet extract 2~20%, heaven tree extract 5~30%, Chinese tulip tree extract 5~30%, camplotheca acuminata extract 5~10%, wide yulan extract 5~25%, Luan Shu extract 5~30%, fragrant Cinnomomum Sps. Extract 5~20%, Chinese tallow tree extract 5~15%, barberry extract 4~10%, these plant extractss are all corresponding vegetation pruning is got off or naturally come off discarded and utilize this plant production to process branch discarded in other products process, stem, leaf, flower, fruit or its mixture are clayed into power after drying, lixiviate, filtration obtains.
2. the biological miticide of plant resource that urban afforestation rubbish according to claim 1 is made, it is characterized in that, described conventional auxiliary material, refers to one or more in the solubilizer, emulsifier, suspending agent, synergist, bleeding agent that can promote extract to dissolve or to suspend.
3. the biological acaricidal preparation method of plant resource claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described method is specially: by glossy privet, tree-of-heaven, Chinese tulip tree, camplotheca acuminata, wide yulan, Luan Shu, fragrant camphor tree, Chinese tallow tree, barberry vegetation pruning gets off or naturally comes off discarded and utilize this plant production to process branch discarded in other products process, stem, leaf, flower, fruit or its mixture are clayed into power after drying, again using organic solution as extraction solvent, lixiviate, filter, filtrate adopts the method for reduced pressure concentration to obtain respectively medicinal extract, and then add conventional auxiliary material, according to common process, make the biological miticide of plant resource.
4. the biological acaricidal preparation method of plant resource according to claim 3, is characterized in that, described oven dry refers to: at 30-50 ℃, dry.
5. the biological acaricidal preparation method of plant resource according to claim 3, is characterized in that, described powder refers to: 20-40 object particulate powder.
6. the biological acaricidal preparation method of plant resource according to claim 3, is characterized in that, described organic solvent refers to the organic solvent that plant extract is conventional, and organic solvent concentration is 10%-95%v/v, and the 10-20 that its consumption is powder quality doubly.
7. the biological acaricidal preparation method of plant resource according to claim 3, is characterized in that described lixiviate refers to lixiviate 1-7d.
8. the biological acaricidal preparation method of plant resource according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, described reduced pressure concentration refers to: the crude extract obtaining after lixiviate is vacuumized to decompression to-0.1 atmospheric pressure and is placed in water-bath at 40-80 ℃, make crude extract simmer down to medicinal extract.
9. the biological acaricidal application of plant resource described in claim 1, is characterized in that, under stirring at normal temperature, water is added in the biological miticide of plant resource, makes to spray and use after its concentration that is diluted to bulk drug 0.5-5wt%.
10. the biological acaricidal application of plant resource according to claim 9, is characterized in that, the biological miticide of described plant resource is applied in the phytophagous mites on the common crop of control.
CN201210497219.8A 2012-11-28 2012-11-28 Biological plant source miticide prepared from urban greening wastes and preparation and application of biological plant source miticide Expired - Fee Related CN102972452B (en)

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