CN102947441A - 来自拟杆菌属的细胞组分、其组合物和使用拟杆菌或其细胞组分的治疗方法 - Google Patents
来自拟杆菌属的细胞组分、其组合物和使用拟杆菌或其细胞组分的治疗方法 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K35/00—Medicinal preparations containing materials or reaction products thereof with undetermined constitution
- A61K35/66—Microorganisms or materials therefrom
- A61K35/74—Bacteria
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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Abstract
从源自拟杆菌属(Bacteroides)的一种或多种细菌裂解、由其产生和/或从其中分离一种细胞组分,并且将这种细胞组分、其衍生物和/或来自拟杆菌属的一种或多种细菌或其修饰形式在组合物中使用和用于调节炎症反应的方法。此类方法包括治疗一种或多种炎性病症/疾病、延迟其发作或减少其症状的方法,所述病症/疾病包括身体或胃肠道炎症、例如,肠激惹综合征;克罗恩病或结肠炎和/或相关疾病如糖尿病、哮喘、多发性硬化、癌症、类风湿性关节炎、牙龈炎、特应性疾病、例如,干草热、食物过敏、湿疹、鼻炎、皮炎、结膜炎、异位性综合征和毛孔角化症、眼炎性疾病、中风、心血管疾病、抑郁、动脉粥样硬化和高血压;并且包括施用一种组合物,所述组合物包含一种或多种天然和/或修饰的拟杆菌属细菌和/或从源自拟杆菌属的一种或多种天然和/或修饰的细菌中裂解、由其产生和/或从其中分离的细胞组分或其衍生物。
Description
发明领域
本发明涉及来自源于拟杆菌属(Bacteroides)的细菌中的细胞组分及其衍生物、包括这种细胞组分或其衍生物的组合物和使用这种细胞组分或其衍生物或来自拟杆菌属的细菌或其基因修饰形式的方法,包括用于治疗一种或多种炎性病症/疾病、延迟其发作或减少其症状的方法,所述病症/疾病包括包括身体或胃肠道炎症和/或相关疾病如糖尿病、哮喘、多发性硬化、癌症、类风湿性关节炎、牙龈炎、特应性疾病、眼炎性疾病、中风、心血管疾病、抑郁、动脉粥样硬化和高血压。
发明背景
人宿主的健康依赖于免疫系统识别和适应于无数外来和自身分子且以适宜方式反应从而确保维持宿主稳态的能力。几项最近的研究表明,胃肠道小型生物群在免疫系统正确发挥作用以及在中预防炎症反应发作方面扮演重要角色,其中炎症反应随后对疾病状态如炎性肠病、2型糖尿病(TD2)和心血管疾病(CVD)产生不利影响。腹部肥胖,随着其随后在网膜脂肪细胞内部脂肪沉积增加,已经与炎症过程以及形成许多疾病的风险增加相关。共同理解的是,网膜是人宿主内部最多产的内分泌器官。随着脂肪细胞质量增加,分泌产物如细胞因子,例如白介素1和6和肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)也增加,同时脂连蛋白的(一种分子状胰岛素敏化物)减少(Kojima,S.等人,2005.Levels ofthe adipocyte-derived plasma protein,adiponectin,have a close relationship withatheroma(脂肪细胞衍生血浆蛋白-脂连蛋白-的水平与粥样斑具有密切关系).Thromb.Res.115:483;Ryo,M.等人,2004.Adiponectin as a biomarker of themetabolic syndrome(脂连蛋白作为代谢综合征的生物标记).Circ.J.68:975)。这转而扰乱肝代谢,造成血脂骤增并且促进动脉中膜内部营养血管增殖、巨噬细胞移行和随后因炎症过程损伤循环系统,从而增加动脉损伤(Corti,R.等人,2004.Evolving concepts in the triad of atherosclerosis,inflammation andthrombosis(动脉粥样硬化、炎症和血栓形成三者中的演化概念).J.Thromb.Thromolysis.17:35)。证据显示,肠道小型生物群在炎症过程中通过激发免疫系统的细胞因子/趋化因子反应发挥作用并且可以显著地影响参与疾病形成的许多生理过程的开始和促进。调节细菌系统可以帮助改善或减少这类炎症相关疾病过程(包括CVD、糖尿病、炎性肠病、高血压、哮喘、多发性硬化和癌症等)的症状/严重性(Skurk,T.和H.Hauner,2004.Obesity and impairedfibrinolysis:role of adipose production of plasminogen activator-1(肥胖症和受损的纤维蛋白溶解:纤维蛋白溶酶原激活物-1的脂肪生产作用).Int.J.Relat.Metab.Disord.28:1357;Corti,R.等人,2004.Evolving concepts in the triad ofatherosclerosis,inflammation and thrombosis(动脉粥样硬化、炎症和血栓形成三者中的演化概念).J.Thromb.Thromolysis.17:35)。另外,最近已经提出微生物群体的基因组在维持宿主总体健康方面是关键性的,并且总体宿主基因组在支持维持宿主稳态所需要的全部功能方面本身是不足的(Zaneveld,J.等人,2008.Host-bacterial co-evolution and the search for new drug targets(宿主-细菌共进化和探索新的药物靶).Curr.Opin.Chem.Biol.12:109)。
2型糖尿病(T2D)通常与肥胖症和代谢综合征相关(Hu,F.B.等人,2001.Diet,Lifestyle and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in women(女性中的膳食、生活方式和2型糖尿病风险).New Engl.J.Med.345:790;Alberti,K.G.和P.Z.Zimmei.1998.Definition,diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus and itscomplications,part 1:diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus,provisionalreport of a WHO consultation(糖尿病的定义、诊断和分类以及其并发症,第1部分:糖尿病的诊断和分类,WHO专家临时报告).Diab.Med.15:539)。虽然确切机制没有完全阐明,但是共识是慢性、低等级肥胖症引起的炎症反应(例如通过激活蛋白激酶如IkB激酶(IKK)和Jun激酶(JNK))是重要的因素(Hotamisligil,G.S.2006.Inflammation and metabolic disorders(炎症和代谢紊乱).Nature.444:860;Shoelson,S.E.等人,2006.Inflammation and insulinresistance(炎症和胰岛素抵抗).J.Clin.Invest.116:1793;White,C.R.2003.Insulin signaling in health and disease(健康和疾病下的胰岛素信号传导).Science.302:1710;Solinas,G.C.等人,2007.JNK1 in hematopoieticllyderivedcells contributes to diet-induced inflammation and insulin resistance withoutaffecting obesity(造血性衍生细胞中JNK1有助于膳食诱导的炎症和胰岛素抵抗而不影响肥胖症).Cell Metabol.6:386)。已知来自多个细菌属和物种的病原体相关分子模式(PAMP)激发IKK炎症反应(Doyle,S.L.和L.A.O'Neill,2006.Toll-like receptors:from the discovery of NF-κB to new insights intotranscriptional regulations in innate immunity(Toll样受体:从NF-κB的发现至天然免疫中转录调节的新理解).Biochem.Pharmacol.72(9):1102)。
肠激惹综合征(IBD)与从受调节的肠道免疫应答转变成以不受约束的免疫学细胞活性和促炎细胞因子产生为特征的一种肠道免疫应答相关(De Winter,H.等人,1999.Mucosal immunity and inf1ammation(粘膜免疫和炎症).II.Theyin and yang of T cells in intestinal inflammation:pathogenic and protective rolesin a mouse colitis model(肠道炎症中T细胞的阴和阳:小鼠结肠炎模型中的致病性和保护性作用).Am J Physiol.276:G1317;Simpson,S.J.等人,2000.Pathways of T cell pathology in models of chronic intestinal inflammation(慢性肠道炎症模型中T细胞病变的途径).Int.Rev.Immunol.19:1;Elson,C.O.等人,2007.Monoclonal anti-interleukin 23 reverses active colitis in a T cell-mediatedmodel in mice(单克隆抗白介素23逆转T细胞介导小鼠模型中的活动性结肠炎).Gastroenterology 132:2359)。IBD包括克罗恩病和溃疡性结肠炎,二者均已经与GI小型生物群相关(Podolsky,D.K.,2002.The current futureunderstanding of inflammatory bowel disease(炎性肠病的当前将来理解).BestPract.Res.Clin.Gastroenterol.16:933;Shanahan,F.2002.Crohn's Disease(克罗恩病).Lancet.359:62-69;Targan,S.R.和L.C.Karp.2005.Defects in mucosalimmunity leading to ulcerative colitis(粘膜免疫中的缺陷导致溃疡性结肠炎).Immunol.Rev.206:296)。实验证据还显示,将致结肠炎微生物群体转移至野生型小鼠足以诱导实验性溃疡性结肠炎(Garrett,W.S.等人,2007.Communicableulcerative colitis induced by T-bet deficiency in the innate immune system(由天然免疫系统中T-bet缺乏引起的可传播的溃疡性结肠炎).Cell.131:33),显示细菌在这个疾病过程中的作用。在人中,GI细菌群体的转变也已经与IBD相关(Lepage,P.等人,2005.Biodiversity of the mucosa-associated microbiota is stablealong the distal digestive tract in healthy individuals and patients with IBD(粘膜相关的小型生物群的生物多样性在健康个体和IBD患者中是沿远端消化道稳定的).Inflamm.Bowel Dis.11:473;Scanlan等人,2006.Culture-independentanalyses of temporal variation of the dominant fecal microbiota and targetedbacterial subgroups in Crohn's disease(不依赖培养分析克罗恩病中粪便优势小型生物群和定向细菌亚组的时间变异).J.Clin.Microbiol.40:3980;Frank,D.N.等人,2007.Molecular-phylogenetic characterization of microbial communityimbalances in human inflammatory bowel diseases(人炎性肠病中微生物区系不平衡的分子系统进化表征).Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA.104:13780)。
对这类疾病如哮喘的研究表明,罹患这种病症的那些人比正常非哮喘群体具有较少的GI拟杆菌群体(Bjorksten,B.1999.The environmental influence onchildhood asthma(环境对儿童哮喘的影响).Allergy.54:517)。来自流行病学研究的额外证据已经表明,在改变的GI小型生物群和异位性湿疹和类风湿性关节炎之间存在联系(Penders,J.等人,2007.Gut microbiota composition anddevelopment of atopic manifestations in infancy:the KOALA Birth Cohort Study(肠道小型生物群组成和婴儿中异位性现象的形成:KOALA出生队列研究).Gut.56:661;Kalliomaki,M.和E.Isolauri.2002.Pandemic of atopic diseases-alack of microbial exposure in early infancy?(大流行特应性疾病-在婴儿早期缺乏微生物暴露?).Curr.Drug Targets Infect.Disord.2:193;Kalliomaki,M.和E.Isolauri,2003.Role of the intestinal flora in the development of allergy(过敏形成中肠道菌群的作用).Curr.Opin.Allergy Clin.Immunol.3:15).此外,几份流行病学和临床报告已经公开了增加的免疫相关性病症发生率,如IBD、哮喘、糖尿病、类风湿性关节炎、多发性硬化和癌症(Luptin,J.R.,2004.Microbialdegradation products influence colon cancer risk:the butyrate controversy(微生物降解产物影响结肠癌风险:丁酸盐悖论).J.Nutr.134:479;Bjorksten,B.1999.The environmental influence on childhood asthma(环境对儿童哮喘的影响).Allergy.54:517;Frank,D.N.等人,2007.Molecular-phylogenetic characterizationof microbial community imbalances in human inflammatory bowel diseases(人炎性肠病中微生物区系不平衡的分子系统进化表征).Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA.104:13780),其快速性不能唯一归因于遗传预后的增加(Noverr,M.C.和G.B.Huffnagie.2004.Does the microbiota regulate immune responses outside the gut?(小型生物群调节肠道外部的免疫应答吗?).Trends Microbial.12:562)。
发明内容
本发明涉及细胞组分、含有这类组分或其衍生物的组合物和用于调节炎症反应的方法。
更具体地,在一个实施方案中,本发明涉及一种从源自拟杆菌属的一个或多个细菌物种中裂解、由其产生和/或从其中分离的细胞组分或其衍生物。在另一个实施方案中,本发明涉及包含这种细胞组分或其衍生物的组合物。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明涉及一种来自拟杆菌属的细菌的基因修饰形式。在另一个实施方案中,本发明涉及包含来自拟杆菌属的细菌的基因修饰形式的组合物。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明涉及用于治疗个体中身体或胃肠道炎症、延迟其发作(包括降低形成风险)或减少其症状的方法,更具体地,涉及用于治疗一种或多种炎性病症/疾病、延迟其发作或减少其症状的方法,所述病症/疾病包括身体或胃肠道炎症,例如,肠激惹综合征、克罗恩病或结肠炎和/或相关疾病如糖尿病、哮喘、多发性硬化、癌症、类风湿性关节炎、牙龈炎、特应性疾病、例如,干草热、食物过敏、湿疹、鼻炎、皮炎、结膜炎、异位性综合征和毛孔角化症、眼炎性疾病、中风、心血管疾病、抑郁、动脉粥样硬化和高血压。这些方法包括给药包含来自拟杆菌属的一个或多个物种,来自拟杆菌属的细菌的基因修饰形式,或者从源自拟杆菌属的细菌中裂解、由其产生和/或从其中分离的细胞组分或其衍生物。
本发明的额外的实施方案从以下具体实施方案是显而易见的。
具体实施方式
存在在人胃肠道内部找得到的两个主要类别的细菌:革兰氏阳性细菌和革兰氏阴性细菌,它们主要由细菌细胞壁组分内部的差异限定。脂多糖(LPS)是革兰氏阴性细菌细胞壁的整合组分,而磷壁酸(TA)、脂磷壁酸(LA)和肽聚糖(PD)与革兰氏阳性细菌的细胞壁结合。
这些多样组分由细菌细胞可以借助粘附蛋白或配体与之结合并且激发细胞应答的人上皮细胞识别。除了完整的细菌细胞之外,形成病原体相关分子模式(PAMP)(也称作微生物相关分子模式(MAMP))的多种细胞壁组分(LPS、TA、LA和PD)也可以与宿主细胞相互作用。这些组分在生长期间或在细菌被宿主防御细胞吞噬或被抗生素裂解时释放。Toll样受体(TLR)是经NF-κB与先天免疫应答联系的模式识别受体(PRR)。整个完好细菌细胞或MAMP单独则可以与宿主上皮细胞上的PRR(如TLR)结合,以激发特异性细胞应答(Muta,T和K.Takeshige,2001.Essential roles of CD 14 and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein for activation by distinguished ligands in LP S preparations(CD 14和脂多糖结合蛋白对通过LPS制备物中区分的配体活化的关键作用).Eur.J.Biochem.268(16):4580)。整个细菌也可以被GI树枝状细胞吞噬,所述GI树枝状细胞随后移行至肠系膜淋巴结,在那里,它们诱导未受过刺激的B细胞以产生IgA(Macpherson,A.J.和T.Urh,2004.Induction of protective IgA byintestinal dendritic cells carrying commensal bacteria(通过携带共生细菌的肠道树枝状细胞诱导保护性IgA).Science:303:1662)。已经提出,GI细胞分泌IgA可以是GI微生物借以影响宿主免疫系统的手段(Cerutti,A,2008.The regulationof IgA production class switching(IgA产生类型转换的调节).Nature Rev.Immunol.8:421;Tezuka等人,2007.Regulation of IgA production by naturallyoccurring TNF/iNOS-producing dendritic cells(通过天然存在的产生TNF/iNOS的树枝状细胞调节IgA产生).Nature 448:929)。可选地,在抗原(Ag)能力方面起作用的MAMP分子可以跨胃肠道(GI)上皮细胞转运,在所述上皮细胞中由结合蛋白捡拾并且在血清中运载这些MAMP分子。它们随后递送至例如具有TLR的免疫细胞,其中已经鉴定所述TLR为PAMP特异性PRR(Doyle,S.L.和L.A.O'Neill,2006.Toll-like receptors:from the discovery of NF-κB to newinsights into transcriptional regulations in innate immunity(Toll样受体:从NF-κB的发现至天然免疫中转录调节的新理解).Biochem.Pharmacol.72(9):1102),在所述免疫细胞中,这些MAMP分子结合并且启动抑制性κB激酶2(IKK)的磷酸化。一旦结合,激活核因子-kβ(NF-κB)。
核因子-kβ是速效转录因子家族,即,以非活状态存在于细胞中并且不需要新蛋白质用于活化的转录因子。因此,TLR受体的激活导致相当迅速的遗传表达变化。在非活性形式下,NF-κB存在于细胞质中并且与抑制性蛋白IkBa结合。一旦TLR受体被PAMP激活,则酶IkB激酶(IKK)被激活,使抑制性蛋白磷酸化和释放处于激活状态的NF-κB。这种NF-κB随后转位至胞核中,在那里它与反应元件(RE)结合,召集其他蛋白质并且最终激活RNA聚合酶。这导致DNA转录成mRNA,所述mRNA在细胞质中翻译成蛋白质并且随后改变细胞功能(Brasier,A.R.2006,The NF-κB regulatory network(NF-κB调节网络).Cardiovasc.Toxicol.6(2):111;Gilmore,T.D,1999.The Rel/NF-κB signaltransduction pathway:introduction(Rel/NF-κB信号转导途径:导论).Oncogene18(49):6842)。总体上,通过NF-κB激活特定基因产生了特定的细胞/生理反应,例如炎性或免疫反应(Nelson,D.E.等人,2004.Oscillations in NF-κBsignaling control the dynamics of gene expression(NF-κB信号传导中的振荡控制基因表达的动力学).Science:306(5696):704)。改变肠道的细菌群体或向GI上皮细胞提供不同的分子组分(MAMP)可以正向地改变遗传表达和后续有害的免疫学反应,因此调节或预防炎性状态和其相关的疾病。例如,通过阻断和/或改变TLR受体反应(包括后续的细胞因子释放)防止炎症发作并且因此阻止NF-κB炎性级联有益于防止细胞增殖并支持凋亡(Lin,W-W和M.Karin,2007.A cytokine-mediated link between innate immunity,inflammation,andcancer(天然免疫、炎症和癌症之间细胞因子介导的联系).J.Clin.Invest.117(5):1175-1183)以及消除宿主中炎性疾病过程和/或使之最小化。
通常,免疫系统由两种不同组分组成:天然免疫和适应性免疫。这两个系统协作保护宿主免受侵入性病原体影响。天然免疫系统是广义的并且识别分子模式如MAMP,且包括通用分子组分和细胞机制如TLR、单核细胞和嗜中性粒细胞。由于设计成预防感染,它包括皮肤/上皮细胞和粘膜分泌物,这在防止致病生物粘附和侵入方面提供第一道屏障。由于快速起效,天然免疫系统迅速激活并且可以在暴露数小时内消除针对宿主的威胁,从而防止炎症反应。一旦这种系统失效,则适应性免疫响应以消除入侵的生物。
人宿主防御系统的解剖学被设计成保护免遭致病微生物入侵者影响。这些机制包括物理屏障(皮肤、呼吸道、泌尿生殖道和胃肠道层中的上皮)和识别病原体与“自我”并且在识别时激发特定细胞/基因反应的细胞表面受体(CSR)。通常,激发感染和建立正常胃肠道菌群均需要细菌细胞粘附于宿主细胞表面。粘附蛋白是介导粘附且一般存在于细菌细胞表面或细菌纤毛或菌毛尖端上的分子(Hultgren,S.J等人,1993.Pilus and nonpilus bacterial adhesins:assembly andfunction in cell adhesion(菌毛性和非菌毛性细菌黏附蛋白:装配和在细胞黏附中的功能).Cell.73:887)。
可以不需要整个细菌细胞来启动宿主免疫防御系统的开启或防止其开启。源自特定细菌的分子已经显示在宿主内部促进免疫功能。源自脆弱拟杆菌(Bacteroides fragilis)的单分子多糖A(PSA)展示出导无菌小鼠中免疫系统发育的能力(Mazmanian,S.K.等人,2005.An immunomodulatory molecule ofsymbiotic bacteria directs maturation of the host immune system(共生细菌的免疫调节分子指导宿主免疫系统的成熟).Cell.122:107)。无菌小鼠以脆弱拟杆菌定植或用纯化的PSA处理可以保护免于诱导出实验性IBD并且减少与这些模型中疾病相关的促炎性细胞因子(如TNF、IL-17和IL-23)分泌(Mazmanian,S.K.等人,2008.A microbial symbiosis factor prevents intestinal inflammatorydisease(微生物性共生因子防止肠道炎性疾病).Nature.453:620)。另外,无菌小鼠以多形拟杆菌定植表明这种细菌不产生炎症反应(Hooper,L.V.等人,2001.Molecular analysis of commensal host-microbial relationships in the intestine(肠中共生性宿主-微生物关系的分子分析).Science 291:881),这转而可以减少或防止与慢性炎症相关并且因其而恶化的疾病过程。
基质金属蛋白酶(MMP)是参与几个不同的生理过程(包括胚胎发育、组织重建、凋亡、关节炎和宿主免疫力)的酶家族。靶基因酶(Matrylisin)(MMP-7)已知在组织修复和粘膜防御中均发挥作用(Bals,R.等人,1998.Mouse beta-defensin 1 is a salt-sensitive antimicrobial peptide present in epitheliaof the lung and urigenital tract(小鼠β-防卫素1是在肺及泌尿生殖道上皮中存在的盐敏感性抗微生物肽).Infect.Immun.66:1225)。几项研究表明,这种酶还在降解和加工几种其他基质蛋白(包括弹性蛋白、蛋白聚糖、芯蛋白和丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制蛋白)方面发挥作用(Murphy,G.等人,1991.Matrixmetaloproteinase degradation of elastin,type IV collegan and proteoglycan.Aquantitative comparison of the activities of 95 kDa and 78 kDa gelatinases.,stromylesins-1 and-2 and punctuated metalloproteinases(PUMP)(弹性蛋白、IV型胶原蛋白和蛋白聚糖的基质金属蛋白酶降解:定量性比较95kDa和78kDa明胶酶、溶基质蛋白酶-1和-2和截断的金属蛋白酶(PUMP)的活性).Biochem.J.277:277;Sires,I.,G.等人,1993.Degradation of entactin by matrixmetaloproteinases.Susceptibility to matrylisin and identification of cleavage sites(通过基质金属蛋白酶降解巢蛋白:对matrylisin的易感性和切割位点的鉴定).J.Biol.Chem.268:2069;Halpert,L.等人,1996.Matrilysin is expressed bylipid-laden macrophages at sites of potential rupture in atherosclerotic lesions andlocalizes to areas of versican deposition,a proteolytic substrate for the enzyme(Matrilysin由载有脂类的巨噬细胞在粥样硬化病损中的潜在破裂位点处表达并且定位至多能聚糖(该酶的蛋白酶解性底物)沉积的区域).Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA.93:9748)。
不同于MMP家族内部的许多酶,靶基因酶(matrylisin)由未损伤的外分泌细胞和粘膜细胞、尤其细菌载量大的那些细胞表达(Wilson,C.L.等人,1999.Regulation of intestinal alpha-defensin activation by the metalloproteinasematrilysin in innate host defense(天然宿主防御中通过金属蛋白酶调节肠道α-防卫素的激活).Science 286:113;Saarialho-Kere,U.K.等人,1993.Divergentmechanisms regulate interstitial collagenase and 92 kDa gelatinase expression inhuman monocyte-like cells exposed to bacterial endotoxin(趋异机制调节暴露于细菌内毒素的人单核细胞样细胞中间质胶原蛋白酶和92 kDa胶原蛋白酶的表达).J.Biol,Chem.268:17354)。虽然靶基因酶(matrylisin)没有杀细菌作用,但是它似乎是活化具有广泛抗微生物活性的隐窝蛋白(cryptin)(肠α-防卫素)必需的(Ouettlette,A.J.等人,1994.Mouse Paneth cell defensin:primary structuresand antibacterial activities of numerous cryptdin isoforms(小鼠帕内特细胞防卫素:一级结构和众多隐窝防卫肽(cryptdin)同工型的抗菌活性).Infect.Immun.62:5040;Ouellette,A.J.和S.E.Selsted.1996.Paneth cell defensins:endogenouspeptide components of intestinal cell defense(帕内特细胞防卫素:肠道细胞防御的内源肽组分).FASEB(Fed.Am.Soc.Exp.Biol.J.)10:1280,并且因此在粘膜表面处的天然宿主防御中发挥中作用。无菌小鼠以多形拟杆菌培养物定植引起靶基因酶(matrylisin)由帕内表达,这表明在GI细胞壁处针对病原体的宿主免疫防御因暴露于这种细菌而增强。证据还表明,完整的细菌是不是激发阳性宿主免疫应答所必需的。当人结肠细胞培养物(HT29)暴露于细菌培养液过滤物时,靶基因酶(matrylisin)表达出现,甚至培养液用环己亚酰胺和/或抗生素处理时也是如此(Lopez-Baodo,Y.S.等人,2000.Bacterial exposureinduces and activates matrilysin in mucosal epithelial cells(细菌暴露诱导和激活粘膜上皮细胞中的matrilysin).J.Cell Biol.148:1305)。较早的证据也表明,可溶性细菌因子或调节素(modulin)刺激免疫反应/细胞因子反应(Henderson,B.等人,1998.Bacterial modulins:a novel class of virulence factors which causehost tissue pathology by inducing cytokine synthesis(细菌调节素:通过诱导细胞因子合成引起宿主组织病变的一类新毒力因子).Microbiol.Rev.60:316;Wilson,M.R.Seymour和B.Henderson.1998.Bacterial perturbation of cytokinenetworks(细菌对细胞因子网络的扰动).Infect.Immun.66:2401)。这些数据表明,存在细菌可溶性因子。来自拟杆菌属物的这类分子可以在将来用于调节宿主炎性/疾病反应。从源自拟杆菌属内部的任何物种分离或从中合成的细胞组分可以被分离且使用调节炎症反应,因此减少炎症和相关疾病的出现或防止其发作。
在设计旨在阐明微生物对宿主免疫系统发育的影响的研究中使用无菌(gnotobiotic)动物已经产生几种深刻认识。例如,无菌小鼠显示分离的淋巴样滤泡液的发育和成熟受损,当导入在宿主的GIT中正常存在的肠道细菌时,成熟和发育得到矫正(Hultgren,S.J等人,1993.Pilus and nonpilus bacterialadhesins:assembly and function in cell adhesion(菌毛性和非菌毛性细菌黏附蛋白:装配和在细胞黏附中的功能).Cell 73:887)。此外,无菌小鼠已经显示肠中分泌型免疫球蛋白A(IgA)下降(Peterson,D.A.等人,2007.IgAresponseto symbiotic bacteria as a mediator of gut homeostasis(针对作为肠道稳态介体的共生细菌的IgA应答).Cell Host Microbe 2:328),所述分泌型免疫球蛋白的功能包括包覆病原菌以防止粘附于宿主GI上皮细胞和/或将抗原性细菌结合在一起以促进消除,从而防止致病生物侵入和因而所致的感染,因此排除炎症反应的发作。尽管仍不清楚具体作用是什么,然而支持以下观点的证据正在出现:共生细菌积极参与IgA的保护性分泌。当携带共生细菌或MAMP的树枝状细胞移行至其中存在未受刺激的B细胞的肠系膜淋巴结时,IgA产生因未受刺激的B细胞诱导(Suzuki,K.等人,2004.Aberrant expansion of segmentedfilamentous bacteria in IgA-deficient gut(在缺少IgA的肠道中分段的丝状细菌异常膨胀).Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.101:1981),显示肠道小型生物群影响宿主免疫系统的一种方式。最近的发现还提供以下的额外证据:共生细菌影响特化的粘膜树枝状细胞的功能和IgA分泌,从而影响后续的宿主肠道免疫应答(Tezuka,H.等人,2007,Regulation of IgA production by naturally occurringTNF/iNOS-producing dendritic cells(通过天然存在的产生TNF/iNOS的树枝状细胞调节IgA产生).Nature 448:929)。先前证据还表明正是宿主GIT中的细菌群体才指导肠道上皮细胞的腔细胞表面受体糖基化,这也影响致病粘附性(Bry,L.等人,1996.A model of host-microbial interactions in an openmammalian ecosystem(开放哺乳动物生态系统中的宿主-微生物相互作用模型).Science 273:1380)。另外,几种其他的微生物发酵产物已经显示具有多种效果,包括三磷酸腺苷(ATP)产生(Atarashi,K.等人,2008.ATP drives laminapropria T8l7 cell differentiation(ATP驱动粘膜固有层T817细胞分化).Nature455:808)。几种其他的微生物发酵产物也已经显示具有免疫调节效果。用抗生素处理、随后暴露于寄生虫脑炎小孢子虫(Encephalitizoan cuniculi)并且随后用分离自正常肠道细菌的DNA处理过的小鼠导致降低的寄生虫负荷(Hall,J.等人,2008.Commensal DNA limits regulatory T cell conversion and is anatural adjuvant of intestinal immune responses(共生性DNA限制调节性T细胞转化并且是肠道免疫应答的天然辅助剂).2008.Immunity.29:637)。这些研究表明,细胞组分/本发明组合物单独可以积极地影响宿主免疫应答,提供细胞组分可以有益于宿主的进一步证据。更具体地,用不含拟杆菌门(Bacteroidete)物种的细菌群体重建无菌小鼠不能在宿主中恢复正确免疫平衡(Ivonav,II.等人,2008.Specific microbiota direct differentiation of IL-17-producing T-helpercells in the mucosa of the small intestine(特定的小型生物群指导小肠粘膜中产生IL-17的辅助T细胞的分化).Cell Host Microbe 4:337),这提供以下的额外证据:拟杆菌属内的物种和/或从这些细菌分离的细胞组分/本发明组合物可以有益地用来支持宿主健康并且调节炎症反应和相关疾病。
胃肠道小型生物群在维持宿主和GI健康以及预防疾病方面发挥重要作用。除细菌与宿主细胞表面受体接合之外,似乎正是在细菌细胞所产生的分子和/或细菌细胞的组分之间的分子对话连同宿主免疫受体一起才使小型生物群能够赋予宿主抗病性。因此,为了宿主的利益,可以使用一种组合物来调节任一种的相关疾病状态,其中所述组合物由来自拟杆菌属的一个或多个物种或其修饰形式、细胞组分或细胞组分的衍生物(包括其片段、来自其中的分子复合物/网络、来自其中的分子)和/或其合成性或半合成性类似物和/或这些物质的任意种的混合物组成。
因此,在多种实施方案中,本发明涉及细胞组分、修饰的细菌、组合物和用于调节炎症反应的方法和/或相关的疾病状态。更具体地,在一个实施方案中,本发明涉及一种从源自拟杆菌属的一个或多个细菌物种中裂解、由其产生和/或从其中分离的细胞组分或其衍生物,例如,以源自拟杆菌属内部的物种中的分子/分子模式为基础的合成性衍生分子。在另一个实施方案中,本发明涉及一种来自拟杆菌属的细菌的基因修饰形式。在另一个实施方案中,本发明涉及组合物,所述组合物包含来自拟杆菌属的一种或多种细菌的细胞组分或其衍生物或来自拟杆菌属的一种或多种细菌的遗传或化学修饰形式。
包含来自拟杆菌属的细菌的益生菌组合物在2008年10月21日提交的美国专利申请系列号12/255,152,US 2009/0110664中描述过,所述专利通过引用方式完整地引入本文。
虽然机制没有彻底地阐明,但是关于小型生物群和多种疾病状态之间相关的证据是可获得的。因此,包含来自拟杆菌属的一个或多个物种或其遗传或化学修饰形式、或其细胞组分或这种细胞组分的衍生物(包括来自其中的分子复合物/网络、来自其中的分子)和/或其合成性或半合成性类似物(包括其混合物)的本发明组合物可以用来调节炎症,即个体中的身体或胃肠道炎症,更具体地,用来治疗一种或多种炎性病状/疾病、延迟其发作或减少其症状,所述炎性病状/疾病包括身体或胃肠道炎症和/或相关疾病,如糖尿病、肠激惹综合征、克罗恩病、结肠炎、哮喘、多发性硬化、癌症、包括癌症如结肠癌、结直肠癌、前列腺癌、膀胱癌、淋巴瘤癌、肝细胞癌、来自骨、软骨、肌肉、脂肪或血管组织、支气管、食管、甲状腺、卵巢、乳腺、胰腺、肝脏和胃的腹膜瘤、肺肿瘤、脑瘤、肉瘤,类风湿性关节炎、牙龈炎、特应性疾病、包括但不限于干草热、食物过敏、湿疹、鼻炎、皮炎、结膜炎、异位性综合征和毛孔角化症、眼炎性疾病、中风、高血压、心血管疾病、抑郁和动脉粥样硬化和/或任何的相关疾病状态。在本发明公开的文本中,延迟疾病或病状的发作包括降低形成疾病或病状的风险。这些方法包括施用本发明的组合物至患有这种疾病或具有这种患病风险的个体。
从拟杆菌属分离或从中合成的细胞组分可以被分离和用于调节炎症反应,因此减少前述疾病和/或病状的出现或防止其发作。细胞组分和其衍生物包括来自拟杆菌属的细菌物种的任何分子或多种分子、共生因子、细胞壁组分、由细菌细胞产生的分子、来自其中的细胞组分/细胞片段、来自其中的分子复合物/网络、来自其中的分子和/或这些物质的合成性或半合成性类似物,包括根据极端生物学合成技术制备的那些类似物,和/或这些物质中任意种的混合物,它们可以用来调节如本文所述的炎症和/或任何相关的疾病状态。
在一个实施方案中,本发明涉及一种从源自拟杆菌属的任何物种中裂解、由其产生和/或从其中分离的细胞组分或其衍生物。在另一个实施方案中,本发明涉及这类细菌的基因修饰或极端生物学合成的形式或其细胞组分。
用于制备所公开的细胞组分制备物中的细菌包括但不限于拟杆菌属中的任何物种,如多形拟杆菌(ATTC29148)、脆弱拟杆菌(NCTC9343)、普通拟杆菌(ATCC8482)、吉氏拟杆菌(ATCC8503)、卵形拟杆菌(B.ovatus)、粪便拟杆菌(B.stercoris)、屎拟杆菌(B.merdae)、单形拟杆菌(B.uniformis)、埃氏拟杆菌(B.eggerithii)和粪拟杆菌(B.caccae),以脆弱拟杆菌(B.fragilis )作为模式菌株。在一个具体实施方案,细菌选自多形拟杆菌、脆弱拟杆菌、普通拟杆菌、吉氏拟杆菌、卵形拟杆菌、屎拟杆菌、单形拟杆菌、埃氏拟杆菌和粪拟杆菌。
在一个具体实施方案中,本发明的一种或多种细胞组分可以针对适宜的肠道上皮细胞表面受体,减少病原菌或病原菌细胞组分的结合。
在另一个实施方案中,细胞组分包含例如选自脂多糖、蛋白质、糖、脂类、脂蛋白、糖蛋白及其组合的细胞壁组分。在另一个实施方案中,细胞物质包括DNA或RNA,例如16S RNA、信使RNA、核糖体RNA等。
在另一个实施方案中,细胞组分包括由拟杆菌属内部的物种产生的一种分子或多种分子。
在另一个实施方案中,细胞组分通过模仿来自拟杆菌属的任何细菌物种从头生物合成任何细胞组分来产生。
细胞组分组合物可以作为从细菌细胞中裂解或从源自拟杆菌属的细菌物种所获得的分子中合成方式衍生的单个分子或分子的组合或任何其组合提供。本领域技术人员将理解,拟杆菌属细菌分子可以从细菌直接裂解出来或基于任何拟杆菌属物种的任何分子组分合成地制造。
细胞组分的实例包括但不限于由拟杆菌属内部任何物种或任何基因修饰物种产生(包括任何从头合成)的细胞片段、分子复合物或网络、细胞壁组分和/或独特产物/分子(所述的基因修饰物种可以包括但不限于来自任何源头(病毒、细菌、人等)的遗传物质的位点突变、插入、缺失或修饰)、由任何拟杆菌属细胞和/或基因修饰的细菌细胞产生的任何分子和/或任何产物/分子的合成性或半合成性类似物以及来自这种属的任何物种的这些分子中任一种的任何合成性或半合成性类似物,如本领域技术人员将理解。提供了可以借以获得这类细胞组分和修饰细菌的方法的实例。额外的方法对于本领域技术人员在看到本发明公开时是显而易见的。
在一个实施方案中,用于产生本发明细胞组分的方法始于裂解细菌细胞,这导致细胞膜的破坏和随后细胞内容物(分子、细胞器等)的释放。裂解细胞的方法包括但不限于机械方法(例如,混合)、光学方法(例如,激光)、化学方法(例如,使用表面活性剂如十二烷基硫酸钠)、声学方法(例如,超声波处理)、电方法(例如,电压)、渗透方法(例如,低渗溶液)或酶方法(例如,溶菌酶)。一种常见的方法包括将细胞置于含有合适溶液的混合器中,以便机械地破坏膜。可选地,可以细胞置于引起膜涨破的低渗溶液中。也可以迫使细胞悬液穿过小空间(液体均化),导致细胞膜破坏。一旦裂解,分离一般地始于梯度离心方法,随后是取决于细胞组分的分离技术,随后是额外分离和纯化方法。这些方法可以包括但不限于例如,使用多种溶液(例如,磷酸盐缓冲溶液、盐溶液或硫酸铵)用梯度离心提取和/或用于分离蛋白质的Soxhlet法、用于分离核酸的乙醇法和用于分离脂溶性组分的苯酚法。用于进一步纯化的额外方法包括但不限于透析和/或过滤/凝胶过滤和/或多种形式的使用适宜柱的高效/高压液相色谱(HPLC)。其他方法可以包括但不限于,用于进一步分离、纯化和鉴定/扩增和/或用于生物学活性测定法的多种形式的电泳法,如十二烷基硫酸钠聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)、分光光度法、酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)、荧光印迹法和聚合酶链反应。还可以使用的其他方法包括利用克隆性DNA载体和扩增的核酸扩增法(常称作重组DNA技术或基因工程)。本领域技术人员将理解,可以出于制造和生物学测定目的,将多种技术用于裂解和后续的分离、鉴定和扩增和产生本发明的组合物/细胞组分。
细胞组分(包括它们多种缀合物)包括但不限于例如蛋白质(内毒素、跨膜蛋白、整合型蛋白和酶)、糖蛋白、周质的组分、糖脂、脂多糖(LPS)、MAMP/PAMP、细胞表面分子(抗原、粘附蛋白等)、胞质分子或产物、脂蛋白、孔蛋白(porin)、肽聚糖、糖、肽、脂质A、O多糖、磷脂、脂质或遗传组分如DNA、RNA和核酸。在一个特定的实施方案中,细胞组分包括LPS(脂多糖)、DNA/RNA/核酸、O多糖、脂质A、内毒素和/或MAMP。在另一个实施方案中,细胞组分包括O多糖和/或脂质A。
此外,细胞组分包括但不限于由来自拟杆菌属的任何细菌借助任何系统(包括但不限于ABC-转运蛋白(ATP-结合盒转运蛋白,包括但不限于I-VI型)产生并且分泌的独特分子如蛋白质、糖、脂类和组合或其衍生物、质粒、核酸、抗生素和细菌素、代谢产物和含有但不限于例如周质或胞质物质的外膜分子的释放物。
细胞组分包括但不限于先前描述的任一种细胞组分的合成性或半合成性类似物,包括但不限于药效团(经常用来指化合物的活性部位,这种活性部位是与受体相互作用,产生所需结果的分子结构)或辅助团(auxophore)(不是活性部位的部分但是如果受到修饰则导致调节生物学活性的分子组分)。
所述细胞组分的衍生物也包括在本发明中。这些衍生物可以包括修饰形式,包括但不限于在一个分子内部添加、移去或改变原子和/或在分子网络/复合物内部添加、移去或改变一个或多个分子或添加或切除分子的原子/分子或基团。例如,包括添加乙基或羟基、用胺取代羟基、修饰官能团,例如通过用甲基取代巯基、用硫取代例如氧原子或任何分子性置换或改变立体中心以形成新立体异构体、改变主链构型以形成新异构体或其中特定结构或化学变化导致调节活性或效力的任何其他改变。添加至细胞组分结构包括,例如将饱和碳链延长1至5个原子(甲基至戊基)或更多,或添加甲氨基、链支化、环修饰或将基团(例如氨基或磺基)的位置从正位操作至邻位,这可以导致改进的生物学活性/宿主反应。合成性类似物包括使分子结构(例如,相差1个恒定单元例如CH2-的任何分子基团)同系化并且将主链或取代基从线性转化成环状或反之亦然(例如,修饰成环的氨基酸或核酸的成环结构)。合成细胞组分的衍生物包括用电子等排基团修饰基团以形成具有化学或物理相似性以及相似生物学活性的生物等排物(化学官能团由导致相似生物活性的另外的化学基团替换)。例如,这包括但不限于具有价电子数的分子或没有相同原子数目但具有相似外层电子的那些分子。这些电子等排基团包括但不限于单价原子如氯、氟或羟基、双价原子如氧和硒、和环等同物如苯或噻吩。没有相似原子数或价电子数,但是具有相似生物学活性的非经典生物等排物包括但不限于,羰基或羧基或杂环芳基如噁唑、噻吩、咪唑等的修饰形式。本领域技术人员将理解这份小名单仅是在本发明内部所包括的多种具体实施方案中几个的说明。
可以使用发酵过程产生适宜的拟杆菌属细菌的量。例如,无菌、无氧发酵罐可以充以培养基,如葡萄糖、多糖、寡糖、单糖和二糖、酵母提取物、蛋白质/氮源、大分子养分和微量养分(维生素和矿物质),并且可以将所需拟杆菌属细菌的培养物添加至培养基。在发酵期间,可以监测浓度(菌落形成单位/克)、纯度、安全性和杂质不存在以确保质量最终结果。在发酵后,拟杆菌属细菌细胞可以使用多种熟知的技术如过滤、离心等从培养基中分离,并且将细胞组分裂解和/或与其他细胞组分分离。分离的细胞组分可以通过例如冻干、喷雾干燥、加热干燥或其组合来干燥,如需要,添加保护性溶液/介质。
在另一个实施方案中,细胞组分通过模仿来自拟杆菌属的任何细菌物种从头生物合成任何细胞组分来产生。
适合用于本发明中的来自拟杆菌属的基因修饰细菌由导致在细胞内部自身或细菌细胞的分子/产物变化的任何遗传改变组成,所述遗传改变包括但不限于基因中的特定变化(位点定向诱变)、通过插入或缺失特定基因(使用限制性酶)和/或质粒(例如,R因子质粒)或病毒(例如,穿梭病毒)的基因修饰、添加自任何来源(病毒、动物、植物、酵母等)的任何遗传物质和核苷酸/基因/基因组的共价修饰。
本发明还涉及组合物,该组合物含有所公开的细胞组分或其衍生物、拟杆菌属细菌或其基因修饰形式,这类组合物在本文中称作本发明组合物,并且还涉及使用如本文所述的这类组合物的方法。
如所述的细胞组分或其衍生物的组合物、细菌或其基因修饰形式可以始于可向其中添加适宜保护剂用于分子保护作用的适宜培养基。适宜的保护剂的实例包括但不限于蒸馏水、聚乙二醇、蔗糖、海藻糖、脱脂乳、木糖、半纤维素、果胶、直链淀粉、支链淀粉、木聚糖、阿拉伯半乳聚糖、淀粉(例如,马铃薯淀粉或稻淀粉)和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮。
在另一个实施方案中,所公开的细胞组分组合物可以包括某个量的细菌细胞组分和任选地一种或多种生理可接受的载体。在一个具体实施方案中,载体是可药用载体,并且组合物适应于给药至人或其他动物。可以提供载体以促进递送至需要它的受试动物。如本文所用,术语“载体”意在泛指通过为拟杆菌属组合物提供介质以便传输至消费它们的动物而促进其给药的任何物质(例如,制片剂或液体)或物品(例如,胶囊壳或聚合物基质)。本领域技术人员将理解,载体不应当明显地抑制细胞组分对受试者的预期价值。如下文进一步详细描述,给药可以通过任何所需的途径进行,包括口服、注射、吸入、局部或其他已知给药途径。
包含拟杆菌属细菌和/或拟杆菌属细菌细胞组分的本发明组合物可以按多种给药形式制备,如胶囊剂、栓剂、片剂、食品/饮料、吸入剂、舌下流体剂、洗剂、滴眼剂或滴耳剂等。在另一个方面,本发明组合物可以作为半固体或滤饼或以粉末形式提供。在一个实施方案中,任选地,本发明组合物可以包含多种可药用的赋形剂,如微晶纤维素、甘露醇、葡萄糖、脱脂乳粉、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、淀粉或其组合和/或本文提到的任一种赋形剂。
本发明公开提供来自拟杆菌属的任何适宜细菌物种中细胞组分组合物,以及使用所公开的细胞组分组合物来治疗动物如人、马、大鼠、小鼠、反刍动物、灵长类、猴、仓鼠、兔、犬、猫和多种鸟类和鱼物种中的一种或多种胃肠道或全身性炎性病状或一种或多种炎性病状/疾病、延迟其发作,包括降低其形成风险和/或减少其症状的系统和方法,所述炎性病状/疾病包括身体或胃肠道炎症和/或相关疾病,如糖尿病、肠激惹综合征、克罗恩病、结肠炎、哮喘、多发性硬化、癌症、包括癌症如结肠癌、结直肠癌、前列腺癌、膀胱癌、淋巴瘤癌、肝细胞癌、来自骨、软骨、肌肉、脂肪或血管组织、支气管、食管、甲状腺、卵巢、乳腺、胰腺、肝脏和胃的腹膜瘤、肺肿瘤、脑瘤、肉瘤,类风湿性关节炎、牙龈炎、特应性疾病、包括但不限于干草热、食物过敏、湿疹、鼻炎、皮炎、结膜炎、异位性综合征和毛孔角化症、眼炎性疾病、中风、高血压、心血管疾病、抑郁、动脉粥样硬化、或类风湿性关节炎和/或任何的相关疾病状态。可以向宿主递送如本文所述的公开的细胞组合物,“本发明组合物”以减弱、延迟或减少先前所提到病状的胃肠道或全身性炎症的症状。在一个具体实施方案,这些方法在人中实施。
在一个实施方案中,细胞组分和/或本发明组合物根据常规技术以冻干的形式提供。适宜的冻干方法实例可以始于携带适宜载体的介质,所述载体包括但不限于一种或多种保护剂、缓冲剂、稳定剂,更具体地,蒸馏水、聚乙二醇、蔗糖、海藻糖、脱脂乳、木糖、半纤维素、果胶、直链淀粉、支链淀粉、木聚糖、阿拉伯半乳聚糖、淀粉(例如,马铃薯淀粉或稻淀粉)、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、氧化铁、聚葡萄糖、聚醋酸乙烯酞酸酯、丙二醇、紫胶蜡、藻酸钠、碳酸氢钠、柠檬酸三乙酯、乳糖、甘露醇、脱水山梨糖醇、磷酸钠、山梨醇、聚二甲基硅氧烷、十二烷基硫酸钠、交联羧甲基纤维素钠、卵磷脂、和黄原胶中的一种或多种。
在一个实施方案中,本发明组合物可以按持续释放(SR)、延长释放(ER、XR或XL)、时间释放控释(CR)或连续释放(CR或Contin)形式(例如,以片剂、软凝胶剂、栓剂或胶囊剂形式)提供,以便在延长的时间段范围内释放分子。这些组分可以包埋在不溶性物质和/或常规添加物的基质中,所述不溶性物质和/或常规添加物包括但不限于丙烯酸类、壳多糖、聚合物、溶胀以形成凝胶或基质的可溶性纤维、不溶性纤维、微晶纤维素、没食子酸丙酯基、着色剂和/或羟丙甲纤维素。在一个具体实施方案中,持续释放、延长释放、时间释放控释或连续释放形式用于口服给药。
在一个具体实施方案中,细胞组分或细菌以定时释放、延长释放或持续释放形式递送。适宜的制剂组分的实例包括但不限于羟丙甲纤维素、微晶纤维素、硬脂酸镁、乳蛋白、二氧化钛、柠檬酸钠、没食子酸丙酯、核黄素、菊糖、氧化铁、二氧化硅、二氧化硅、硅酸镁、麦芽糊精、叶绿素、马铃薯淀粉、磷酸钙、淀粉羟乙酸钠、姜黄、碳酸酯、巴西棕榈蜡、三醋精、聚山梨醇酯80、甲基丙烯酸共聚物、壳多糖、丙烯酸类、丙-2-烯酰,丙烯酰基(acrylyl)、丙烯酰(acryl)、聚维酮和硬脂酸中的一种或多种。
在一个方面,可以将所公开的细胞组分组合物/本发明组合物制备为胶囊剂/软凝胶剂。胶囊(即,载体)可以是从多种物质如明胶、纤维素、糖、羟丙甲纤维素等中形成的中空的、总体上圆柱形囊。胶囊可以在其中接受拟杆菌属细菌或细胞组分/本发明组合物。任选地且除适宜的拟杆菌属细菌或细胞组分/本发明组合物之外,胶囊可以包含但不限于着色剂、矫味剂、稻淀粉或其他淀粉、丙三醇和/或二氧化钛。
在第二方面,可以将本发明组合物制备为栓剂。栓剂可以包含但不限于适宜的拟杆菌属细菌或细胞组分和一种或多种载体,如聚乙二醇、阿位伯树胶、乙酰化单酰甘油、巴西棕榈蜡、醋酸纤维素酞酸酯、玉米淀粉、酞酸二丁酯、多库酯钠、明胶、丙三醇、氧化铁、高岭土、乳糖、硬脂酸镁、尼泊金酯甲酯、药用釉、聚维酮、尼泊金酯丙酯、苯甲酸钠、脱水山梨糖醇单油酸酯、蔗糖、滑石、二氧化钛、白蜡和着色剂。
在第三方面,可以将本发明组合物制备为片剂。片剂可以包含适宜的拟杆菌属细菌或细胞组分/本发明组合物和一种或多种制片剂(即,载体)、如磷酸氢钙、硬脂酸、交联羧甲基纤维素、二氧化硅、纤维素和纤维素涂料。片剂可以使用直接压制法形成,不过本领域技术人员将理解可以使用多种技术来形成片剂。
在第四方面,可以将所公开的本发明组合物形成为食品或饮料或可选地成为食品或饮料的添加物,其中添加适宜量的拟杆菌属细菌或细胞组分至食品或饮料以将食品或饮料给予载体。在一个具体实施方案中,本发明组合物是口香糖、糖锭、硬糖或软糖等的添加物。
在第五方面,本发明组合物可以在舌下流体剂中提供,所述舌下流体剂可以含有但不限于选自水、山梨醇、丙三醇、柠檬酸、山梨酸钾和矫味剂的一种或多种组分。
在第六方面,本发明组合物可以在口腔洗液中提供,所述口腔洗液可以包含但不限于选自水、乙醇、山梨醇、泊洛沙姆407、苯甲酸、矫味剂、糖精钠、柠檬酸钠、柠檬酸和食品安全染料的一种或多种组分。
在第七方面,本发明组合物可以在加压定量的吸入剂中提供。这种吸入剂及可以包含加压的载体,例如,它可以包括但不限于1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷(HFA-134A)等。
在第八方面,本发明组合物可以在滴眼溶液剂中提供,所述滴眼溶液剂以包含但不限于选自苯扎氯铵、依地酸二钠、氯化钾、水、碳酸氢钠、柠檬酸钠、氯化钠、磷酸(二氢或一氢)钠、聚乙烯醇、聚维酮、壬酰EDTA、聚季铵盐-1和肉豆蔻酰胺丙基二甲胺的一种或多种组分。
在第九方面,本发明组合物可以在滴耳剂中提供,所述滴耳剂可以含有但不限于选自苯扎氯铵、丙三醇和水的一种或多种组分。
在第十方面,本发明组合物可以在洗剂中提供,所述洗剂可以含有但不限于选自水、丙三醇、矿脂、鲸蜡硬脂醇、聚二甲基硅氧烷、香料、鲸蜡硬脂醇醚-20、氢氧化钠、尼泊金甲酯、丙二醇、二偶氮烷基脲、EDTA二钠、尼泊金丙酯、二硬脂基二甲基氯化銨、甘油月桂酸酯、氢氧化钾、山嵛基三甲基铵甲基硫酸盐(behentrimonium methosulfate)、椰油酰胺丙基PG-二甲基氯化铵磷酸酯、辛基十二烷醇和PEG-100硬脂酸酯的一种或多种组分。
拟杆菌属细菌或细胞组分在本发明组合物中的浓度可以根据所需的结果、所用细菌或细胞组分的类型和形式、施用的形式和预期方法连同其他事项而变动。例如,可以制备在制品中具有以重量计不小于约1mg至约1g或基于制品总重量1-30X HPUS(美国顺势疗法药典)的细菌或细胞组分浓度的本发明组合物。在一个实施方案中,组合物可以每日施用1次、2次、3次或更多次。在另一个实施方案中,所述组合物每隔4-6小时施用。在又一个实施方案中,组合物每周施用1次、2次、3次或更多次。
下文提供了构思用于本发明中的合适组合物的具体实例。
实施例1
这个实施例显示了制备用于治疗性组合物中的细胞组分。
细菌细胞培养物在大桶中在严格控制的条件下培育。细胞组分,例如蛋白质,通过裂解细胞、提取和纯化从细菌细胞本身中获得,或可选地从通过刺激细菌产生蛋白质,例如,通过变动多个条件如pH、温度、氧、养分或其他变量所获得的细菌细胞分泌物中获得。无菌玻璃培养皿/管随后用含有裂解细胞和/或蛋白质的介质和包括但不限于例如直至10%脱脂乳的悬浮介质(含有或不含有5%酒石酸钠)接种。材料随后例如经历离心和用适宜的无菌介质(例如,悬浮介质或缓冲溶液)洗涤。可以添加用于冷冻干燥的常规添加物,包括保护剂、稳定剂缓冲剂等。流体一般在冷冻干燥(冻干)之前除去,这可以例如在约-20°C至大约-200°C、更具体在-50°C至-80°C范围内或更低的温度实施,一般在真空下并且持续几小时。一旦干燥完成,则添加惰性或无活性的成分等,它们包括但不限于稻粉、硬脂酸镁、磷酸二钙、纤维素、硬脂酸、碳酸钙和/或二氧化硅,以提供干粉制剂。
实施例2
这个实施例显示了合适的胶囊剂产品。
使用冻干方法,使用如实施例1中所述的过程以粉末形式(“有效成分1”)制备某个量的来自多形拟杆菌细胞的细胞组分。
表1
在合适的混合器中混合来自表1的组分1-4持续10分钟。在混合后,将450毫克混合物充入两个明胶或羟丙甲纤维素胶囊中,并且将胶囊密封。
实施例3
这个实施例显示了合适的片剂产品。
使用如实施例1中所述的冻干方法,以粉末形式(“有效成分2”)制备某个量的来自单形拟杆菌细胞的细胞组分。
表2
在合适的混合器中混合来自表2的组分1-3持续10分钟。随后将混合物压使用压片机压制成450毫克片剂。
实施例4
这个实施例显示了合适的栓剂产品。
使用如实施例1中所述的冻干方法,以粉末形式(“有效成分3”)制备某个量的来自普通拟杆菌细胞的细胞组分
表3
将来自表3的组分2-4充入加热至60℃温度的合适混合器,同时恒速搅拌,以形成第一混合物。另外,将来自表3的组分1和组分5充入混合器,且混合10分钟以形成第二混合物。缓慢并且同时搅拌,将第二混合物添加至第一混合物,且将所得到的混合物连续搅拌10分钟,随后倾入预成形的栓剂壳中。允许填充的栓剂壳冷却直至栓剂凝固。
将所公开的本发明组合物可以给药至受试者以治疗炎症和相关疾病、延迟其发作和/或减少其症状。另外,所公开的细胞组分组合物可以用来根据适宜的维持操作方案维持其有益作用。
另外,在可选的实施方案中,现有方法可以在给药本发明组合物之前采用清洁步骤。可选择地,可以在给药之前不使用肠道的清洁。本领域技术人员将会理解,可以使用任何医学准许的引起腹泻的化学品作为用于该步骤的清洁化学品/溶液。适宜的清洁化学品的实例包括而不限于柠檬酸镁、(任何形式的)磷酸一氢钠、任何形式的磷酸二氢钠、任何形式的磷酸二氢钾和任何形式的磷酸一氢钾。在已经清洁胃肠道后,可以给药所公开的本发明组合物。适宜的本发明组合物给药方案可以包括例如随每餐施用某个数目的细胞组分组合物(例如,3粒胶囊剂)持续某个日数(例如,3日)。然而,本领域技术人员将理解给药所公开的本发明组合物的量和频率可以取决于正在给药的细菌或细菌细胞组分类型、细菌或细胞组分在组合物中的浓度以及受试者的重量、高度和/或年龄等。
可以通过持续给药所公开的本发明组合物(例如,每日1粒胶囊剂或每餐1粒胶囊剂)连同一起正确的维持程序有益作用。例如,可以建议受试者避开高脂肪和高糖食物并且专注于消费某个量的水果和蔬菜(例如,每日两个新鲜水果和两份蔬菜)。另外,可以建议受试者进行每周最少3次30分钟中度锻炼,如快步走。应当鼓励更多的新鲜水果和蔬菜。
为鼓励使用正确使用所公开的本发明组合物,本发明组合物可以与使用说明书和/或建议的清洁/接种和接种操作方案和/或使用者可以定制且用来追踪进程的协议一起提供。说明书和/或协议可以与本发明组合物、试剂盒或包中的组合物一起提供。
因此,本领域技术人员将理解,所公开的细胞组分、本发明组合物和相关的方法可以用来通过增加暴露于外部环境的胃肠道和其他系统中有益的细菌物种群体或细胞组分来辅助抗炎系统,不需要侵入性手术或其他激烈技术。随着持续给药本发明组合物和任选地给药适宜的维持方案,包括恰当膳食和锻炼,可以维持有益的细菌物种或细胞组分。
本说明书中所述的具体实施方案和实施例在本质上是说明性的并且不限制由本权利要求书限定的本发明范围。虽然所公开的细胞组分、本发明组合物和方法的多个方面可以是本领域技术人员在阅读本说明书时想到,但是本发明包括这类修改形式,并且仅受权利要求书的范围限制。
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Claims (22)
1.一种从源自拟杆菌属(Bacteroides)的细菌中裂解、由其产生和/或从其中分离的细胞组分或所述细胞组分的衍生物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的细胞组分或衍生物,其中,所述细胞组分来自于细菌,所述细菌选自多形拟杆菌(Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron)、脆弱拟杆菌(B.fragilis)、普通拟杆菌(B.vulgatis)、吉氏拟杆菌(B.distasonis)、卵形拟杆菌(B.ovatus)、屎拟杆菌(B.merdae)、单形拟杆菌(B.uniformis)、埃氏拟杆菌(B.eggerithii)和粪拟杆菌(B.caccae)。
3.根据权利要求1所述的细胞组分或衍生物,包含DNA或RNA。
4.根据权利要求1所述的细胞组分或衍生物,包含选自脂多糖、脂类、糖、蛋白质、脂蛋白、糖蛋白及其组合的细胞壁组分。
5.根据权利要求1所述的细胞组分或衍生物,包含细菌的产物且选自脂类、糖、蛋白质和遗传物质。
6.食品或饮料,其补充有根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的细胞组分或其衍生物。
7.用于口服给药的组合物,包含根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的细胞组分或其衍生物和生理学上可接受的载体。
8.根据权利要求7所述的组合物,其中,所述载体选自胶囊壳、制片剂和聚合物基质。
9.根据权利要求7所述的组合物,其中,所述载体选自胶囊壳、制片剂、聚合物基质和提供所述细胞组分或其衍生物的延长释放、延迟释放或持续释放的组分。
10.治疗个体中身体或胃肠道炎症、延迟其发作或减少其症状的方法,包括给药包含拟杆菌属细菌或根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的细胞组分或其衍生物的组合物。
11.用于治疗个体中心血管疾病、延迟其发作或减少其症状的方法,包括给药包含拟杆菌属细菌或根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的细胞组分或其衍生物的组合物。
12.用于治疗个体中糖尿病、延迟其发作或减少其症状的方法,包括给药包含拟杆菌属细菌或根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的细胞组分或其衍生物的组合物。
13.用于治疗个体中结肠癌、延迟其发作或减少其症状的方法,包括给药包含拟杆菌属细菌或根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的细胞组分或其衍生物的组合物。
14.用于治疗个体中胃肠道炎症、延迟其发作或减少其症状的方法,包括给药包含拟杆菌属细菌或根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的细胞组分或其衍生物的组合物。
15.根据权利要求14所述的方法,其中,所述胃肠道炎症与选自肠激惹综合征、克罗恩病和结肠炎的疾病相关。
16.用于治疗个体中类风湿性关节炎、延迟其发作或减少其症状的方法,包括给药包含拟杆菌属细菌或根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的细胞组分或其衍生物的组合物。
17.用于治疗个体中哮喘、延迟其发作或减少其症状的方法,包括给药包含拟杆菌属细菌或根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的细胞组分或其衍生物的组合物。
18.用于治疗个体中多发性硬化、延迟其发作或减少其症状的方法,包括给药包含拟杆菌属细菌或根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的细胞组分。
19.根据权利要求10-18中任一项所述的方法,其中,所述组合物在食品或饮料中给药。
20.一种来自拟杆菌属的基因修饰的细菌。
21.用于口服给药的组合物,包含根据权利要求20所述的基因修饰的细菌和生理学上可接受的载体。
22.一种合成衍生的分子,其基于来自拟杆菌属内部的物种中的分子/分子模式。
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Also Published As
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CA2836413A1 (en) | 2011-12-08 |
AU2011261528A1 (en) | 2013-01-10 |
EP2585583A4 (en) | 2014-01-15 |
KR20130086155A (ko) | 2013-07-31 |
EP2585583A2 (en) | 2013-05-01 |
JP2013527240A (ja) | 2013-06-27 |
US20130195802A1 (en) | 2013-08-01 |
WO2011153226A2 (en) | 2011-12-08 |
WO2011153226A3 (en) | 2012-03-08 |
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