CN102933924A - Heat pump cycle - Google Patents

Heat pump cycle Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102933924A
CN102933924A CN2011800285890A CN201180028589A CN102933924A CN 102933924 A CN102933924 A CN 102933924A CN 2011800285890 A CN2011800285890 A CN 2011800285890A CN 201180028589 A CN201180028589 A CN 201180028589A CN 102933924 A CN102933924 A CN 102933924A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
heat
air
cooling fluid
pump cycle
cold
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Granted
Application number
CN2011800285890A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN102933924B (en
Inventor
加藤吉毅
伊藤诚司
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Denso Corp
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Denso Corp
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Publication of CN102933924A publication Critical patent/CN102933924A/en
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Publication of CN102933924B publication Critical patent/CN102933924B/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00357—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles
    • B60H1/00385—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles for vehicles having an electrical drive, e.g. hybrid or fuel cell
    • B60H1/004—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles for vehicles having an electrical drive, e.g. hybrid or fuel cell for vehicles having a combustion engine and electric drive means, e.g. hybrid electric vehicles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B47/00—Arrangements for preventing or removing deposits or corrosion, not provided for in another subclass
    • F25B47/02—Defrosting cycles
    • F25B47/022—Defrosting cycles hot gas defrosting
    • F25B47/025—Defrosting cycles hot gas defrosting by reversing the cycle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00642—Control systems or circuits; Control members or indication devices for heating, cooling or ventilating devices
    • B60H1/00814—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation
    • B60H1/00878—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices
    • B60H1/00899—Controlling the flow of liquid in a heat pump system
    • B60H1/00921—Controlling the flow of liquid in a heat pump system where the flow direction of the refrigerant does not change and there is an extra subcondenser, e.g. in an air duct
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B47/00—Arrangements for preventing or removing deposits or corrosion, not provided for in another subclass
    • F25B47/02—Defrosting cycles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00642—Control systems or circuits; Control members or indication devices for heating, cooling or ventilating devices
    • B60H1/00814—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation
    • B60H1/00878—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices
    • B60H2001/00949—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices comprising additional heating/cooling sources, e.g. second evaporator
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00642—Control systems or circuits; Control members or indication devices for heating, cooling or ventilating devices
    • B60H1/00814—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation
    • B60H1/00878—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices
    • B60H2001/00961—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices comprising means for defrosting outside heat exchangers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/04—Refrigeration circuit bypassing means
    • F25B2400/0411—Refrigeration circuit bypassing means for the expansion valve or capillary tube
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B30/00—Heat pumps
    • F25B30/02—Heat pumps of the compression type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B5/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with several evaporator circuits, e.g. for varying refrigerating capacity

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

In a heat pump cycle, the same outer fins (50) are connected to refrigerant tubes (16a) of an outdoor heat exchanger (16) which functions as an evaporator which evaporates refrigerant, and to coolant tubes (43a) of a radiator (43) which dissipates the heat of the coolant from a running electric motor (MG) which is an external heat supply. The heat retained by the coolant flowing through the coolant tubes (43a) can transfer heat to the refrigerant tubes (16a) of the outdoor heat exchanger (16) via the outer fins (50). Thus, during defrosting operations, when the coolant is passed through the radiator (43) to defrost the outdoor heat exchanger (16), heat transfer loss is suppressed when heat retained by the coolant is transferred to the outdoor heat exchanger (16), enabling the effective use of heat supplied from the running electric motor (MG) to defrost the outdoor heat exchanger (16).

Description

Heat pump cycle
The application is based on the 2010-132891 Japanese patent application of filing an application on June 10th, 2010 and the 2011-123199 Japanese patent application of filing an application on June 1st, 2011, and the content of described application is incorporated in full at this by reference.
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of for carrying out defrost operation to remove the heat pump cycle that is formed on as the frost of the heat exchanger of evaporimeter.More specifically, the present invention relates to a kind of heat pump cycle of vehicle air conditioning that is applicable to be difficult to obtain from the drive source that is used for advancing the thermal source of heating usefulness.
Background technology
Traditionally, patent documentation 1 discloses a kind of Vapor Compression Refrigeration Cycle (heat pump cycle), and described Vapor Compression Refrigeration Cycle is carried out defrost operation with thawing and removed the frost that is formed on in the heat exchanger of the evaporimeter that acts on vaporized refrigerant.
Disclosed heat pump cycle is applied to the air regulator of hybrid vehicle in the patent documentation 1.Heat pump cycle is designed to switch between heating operation and defrost operation, heating operation is used for being blown into the inside that the heated air in compartment heats vehicle by heating as heat-exchange fluid, defrost operation is used for removing the frost that is formed on outdoor heat converter, and described outdoor heat converter is used as evaporimeter in heating operation.
More specifically, in defrost operation, when the frosting of outdoor heat converter is detected, be used for output the internal combustion engine (engine) of the driving force that vehicle advances is activated, thereby and be blown in the outdoor heat converter from the hot-air that the radiator that is used for distributing from the heat of engine coolant blows outdoor heat converter is defrosted.
In brief, disclosed heat pump cycle is designed to by using the used heat as the engine of external heat source to melt frost to remove the frost that is formed in the outdoor heat converter in the patent documentation 1.
The prior art document
Patent documentation 1: Japanese unexamined patent publication No. discloses 2008-221997 number
Yet, as in patent documentation 1, be used for by air will be cooled heat that agent absorbs from engine pass to evaporimeter structure may with by the dissipation of heat of the air of radiators heat (hot-air) to surrounding air, thereby cause hot transmission loss.In some cases, can not effectively be used for evaporimeter is defrosted from the used heat as the engine of external heat source.
As mentioned above, can not effectively be used for evaporimeter is defrosted from the used heat of engine, thereby so that defrosting be carried out in cost for a long time.In addition, during defrost operation, engine must work on, thus so that the fuel efficiency of vehicle reduction.When heating operation stopped during defrost operation, the passenger can not fully feel warm.
Summary of the invention
Considered that above-mentioned viewpoint forms the present invention, the first purpose of the present invention provides a kind of can effectively the use from the heat pump cycle of the heat of external heat source supply during defrost operation.
Further, the second purpose of embodiments of the invention provides a kind of heat pump cycle that is applied to vehicle air conditioning, described heat pump cycle can obtain from effective use of the heat of external heat source supply, and prevents the insufficient heat supply to the passenger during defrost operation.
In order to realize above purpose, according to the first embodiment of the present invention, a kind of heat pump cycle comprises: the compressor of compression and refrigerant emission; User's side heat exchanger, described user's side heat exchanger is from heat-shift between the cold-producing medium of compressor discharge and the heat-exchange fluid; Decompressor, described decompressor reduces pressure to the cold-producing medium stream that flows out from user's side heat exchanger; And outdoor heat converter, described outdoor heat converter makes the cold-producing medium that is depressurized device decompression and extraneous air heat-shift to evaporate described cold-producing medium.Heat pump cycle is suitable for carrying out during by frosting when outdoor heat converter and is used for defrost operation that outdoor heat converter is defrosted.Heat pump cycle also comprises heat dissipation heat exchanger and cooling fluid circuit switching device shifter.Heat dissipation heat exchanger is arranged on the cooling fluid closed circuit for the cooling fluid circulation that is used in the cooling external heat source, and is suitable for heat-shift between cooling fluid and extraneous air.The cooling fluid circuit switching device shifter is formed at for switching between the cooling fluid circuit that allows cooling fluid to flow into the cooling fluid circuit of heat dissipation heat exchanger and be used for allowing cooling fluid to walk around heat dissipation heat exchanger.In heat pump cycle, outdoor heat converter comprises refrigerant pipe, the cold-producing medium that is depressurized the device decompression flows in described refrigerant pipe, be used for making the heat-absorption air passage coiling refrigerant tube of flow of external air to form, heat dissipation heat exchanger comprises the cooling fluid pipe, cooling fluid flows in described cooling fluid pipe, be used for the heat radiation air duct of flow of external air is formed around the cooling fluid pipe, heat-absorption air passage and heat radiation air duct are provided with outer fin, described outer fin can be implemented in the heat transmission between refrigerant pipe and the cooling fluid pipe, promote simultaneously the heat exchange in outdoor heat converter and heat dissipation heat exchanger, and the cooling fluid circuit switching device shifter is carried out in defrost operation at least and is switched to for cooling fluid is flowed to the switching of the cooling fluid circuit of heat dissipation heat exchanger.
Because the cooling fluid circuit switching device shifter is carried out and to be switched to for cooling fluid is flowed to the switching of the cooling fluid circuit of heat dissipation heat exchanger during defrost operation, therefore flowing through heat contained in the cooling fluid of cooling fluid pipe can be delivered to outdoor heat converter so that outdoor heat converter is defrosted.
At this moment, outer fin is arranged in heat-absorption air passage and another heat radiation air duct can carry out heat transmission between a refrigerant pipe and another cooling fluid pipe.Via outer fin, the heat of cooling fluid can be delivered to outdoor heat converter.
Compare via the structure that air is delivered to the correlation technique of outdoor heat converter with heat contained in the cooling fluid wherein, can suppress the loss in the heat transmission, therefore the heat from the external heat source supply can be used for outdoor heat converter is defrosted effectively during defrost operation.Further, can also be so that the required time decreased of defrost operation.
According to the second example of the present invention, more than the heat pump cycle of the first example also comprise: indoor evaporator, described indoor evaporator are used for allowing cold-producing medium and heat-exchange fluid heat-shift and the vaporized refrigerant in the downstream of outdoor heat converter; And refrigerant flowpath switching device shifter, described refrigerant flowpath switching device shifter is configured to switch refrigerant flowpath in the heating operation and the refrigerant flowpath in the cooling down operation, in the refrigerant flowpath in heating operation, flow into user's side heat exchanger with the heat hot replacement fluids from the cold-producing medium of compressor discharge, in the refrigerant flowpath of cooling down operation, flow into indoor evaporator with heat of cooling replacement fluids at the cold-producing medium of outdoor heat converter place distribute heat.In addition, it is identical with the flow direction of the cold-producing medium that flows through refrigerant pipe in cooling down operation to flow through the flow direction of cold-producing medium of refrigerant pipe in heating operation.
This layout of heat pump cycle can be passed through user's side heat exchanger heats heat-exchange fluid.In addition, heat pump cycle also comprises indoor heat converter, therefore can also utilize indoor heat converter heat of cooling replacement fluids.
During heating operation, the flow direction that flows through the cold-producing medium that flows through refrigerant pipe during flow direction and the cooling down operation of cold-producing medium of refrigerant pipe is identical.From the flow direction of extraneous air, the position relationship between the heat exchange area of the heat exchange area of the refrigerant inlet side of outdoor heat converter and the refrigerant outlet side of outdoor heat converter does not change between heating operation and cooling down operation.
Therefore, be considered to a heat exchanger on outdoor heat converter and the heat dissipation heat exchanger macroscopic view.Be used for distributing cooling down operation from the heat of cold-producing medium by outdoor heat converter, be used for making cold-producing medium with degree of superheat to overlap be used to the heat exchange area that makes cooling fluid in the cooling fluid inlet side of the heat dissipation heat exchanger of relatively high temperature current downflow at the heat exchange area of the refrigerant inlet side of the outdoor heat converter of the relatively high temperature current downflow flow direction along extraneous air.Further, be used for making cold-producing medium with degree of superheat to overlap be used to the heat exchange area that makes cooling fluid at the cooling fluid outlet side of the heat dissipation heat exchanger of relatively low temperature current downflow at the heat exchange area of the refrigerant outlet side of the outdoor heat converter of the relatively low temperature current downflow flow direction along extraneous air.By this layout, flow through two heat exchangers cold-producing medium flow and mobile can being formed of cooling fluid is parallel.
Further, by this layout, at the heating operation that is used for by the outdoor heat converter vaporized refrigerant, cold-producing medium can overlap along the flow direction of extraneous air cooling fluid on the heat exchange area of the cooling fluid inlet side of the heat dissipation heat exchanger that relatively high temperature current downflow is passed through in the heat exchange area of the refrigerant inlet side of the outdoor heat converter that the relatively lower temp current downflow is passed through.Therefore, the heat pump cycle of present embodiment can suppress the frosting that cold-producing medium produces effectively in the heat exchange area of the refrigerant inlet side of the outdoor heat converter that relatively low temperature current downflow is passed through.
According to the 3rd example of the present invention, more than the heat pump cycle of the first or second example be constructed such that: in defrost operation, be transformed into defrost operation before compare, the inflow flow that flow into the cold-producing medium in the outdoor heat converter reduces.
Therefore, in defrost operation, can prevent that the heat that passes to outdoor heat converter via outer fin is inhaled in the cold-producing medium of the refrigerant pipe that flows through outdoor heat converter.Therefore, the heat from the external heat source supply can be used for more effectively outdoor heat converter being defrosted during defrost operation.
In addition, as in the 4th example of the present invention, decompressor can be variable restrictor mechanism, in described variable restrictor mechanism, the throttling opening degree is variable, and compares before with being transformed into defrost operation, and decompressor can increase the throttling opening degree in defrost operation.Therefore, in defrost operation, can easily flow into outdoor heat converter from the high temperature refrigerant of compressor discharge, thereby accelerate the defrosting to outdoor heat converter
In addition, as in the 5th example of the present invention, heat pump cycle can also comprise the outflow flow control valve, described outflow flow control valve is configured to regulate the outflow flow from the cold-producing medium of outdoor heat converter outflow, and compare before with being transformed into defrost operation, flow out flow control valve can reduce cold-producing medium in defrost operation outflow flow.
In addition, as in the 6th example of the present invention, flow out flow control valve can be configured to the cold-producing medium that is used for outdoor heat converter go out the interruption-forming one.Therefore, can reduce the coolant channel volume from the discharge port side of compressor to the entrance side that flows out flow control valve, thereby reduce to flow into the refrigerant flow in the outdoor heat converter.
According to the 7th example of the present invention, the heat pump cycle of any in the first to the 6th example also comprises outdoor blowers, described outdoor blowers blows extraneous air towards outdoor heat converter and heat dissipation heat exchanger, and with stop to compare before the compressor, when compressor stopped, outdoor blowers increased blowability.
When compressor stops, thereby the temperature that the ability that blows of outdoor blowers can be increased promptly outdoor heat converter is increased to the level identical with extraneous air, thereby can further reduce defrosting time.Term " when compressor stops " expression compressor not only stops during defrost operation, and also stops during normal operating.
In the 8th example of the present invention, be configured to according to the heat pump cycle of any in the first to the 7th example: in defrost operation, compare before with being transformed into defrost operation, the heating efficiency that is used for user's side heat exchanger of heat hot replacement fluids reduces.
Therefore, the heating efficiency that is used for user's side heat exchanger of heat-exchange fluid reduces, so that the heat that can reduce to absorb from cold-producing medium at the outdoor heat converter place defrosts with promotion.Can comprise the flow of the cold-producing medium that reduces to flow through circulation and the refrigerant pressure that reduces user's side heat exchanger place for reducing the concrete grammar of the heating efficiency of the user's side heat exchanger that is used for heat-exchange fluid.
According to the 9th example of the present invention, in the heat pump cycle of any, heat-absorption air passage and heat radiation air duct are constructed such that the volume that flow into the extraneous air in heat-absorption air passage and the heat radiation air duct reduces in defrost operation in according to the first to the 8th example.
Therefore, heat pump cycle can be suppressed at during the defrost operation and pass in the extraneous air of heat inhalation flow by heat-absorption air passage and heat radiation air duct of outdoor heat converter via outer fin, and therefore can more effectively use heat from the external heat source supply so that outdoor heat converter is defrosted in defrost operation.
Particularly, outdoor blowers can be arranged for extraneous air is blowed towards outdoor heat converter and heat dissipation heat exchanger.During defrost operation, thereby the ability that blows of outdoor blowers can be lowered the volume that reduces to flow into the extraneous air in heat-absorption air passage and the heat radiation air duct.
Further, shutoff device (passage interrupting device) can be arranged for opening and closing for allowing extraneous air to flow into the inflow path of heat-absorption air passage and heat radiation air duct.During defrost operation, shutoff device can reduce the area of passage of the ingress path of extraneous air, thereby reduces to flow into the volume of the extraneous air in heat-absorption air passage and the heat radiation air duct.
Term " reduces the volume of extraneous air " and not only represents to compare the volume that reduces air with the existing volume that flows into air, and represent that the volume settings with air is zero (0) (that is, not allowing extraneous air to flow in heat-absorption air passage and the heat radiation air duct).
In the tenth example of the present invention, also comprise outdoor blowers according to the heat pump cycle of any in the first to the 9th example of the present invention, described outdoor blowers blows extraneous air towards outdoor heat converter and heat dissipation heat exchanger.In this case, heat dissipation heat exchanger is positioned at the windward side of the flow direction of the extraneous air that is blowed by outdoor blowers with respect to outdoor heat converter.
Because heat is flow in the outdoor heat converter by the extraneous air that heat dissipation heat exchanger absorbs, thus the heat of cooling fluid can be not only via outer fin but also be delivered to outdoor heat converter via air.Therefore, at least during defrost operation, can more effectively be used for outdoor heat converter is defrosted from the heat of external heat source supply.
In the 11 example of the present invention, in according to any the heat pump cycle in the first to the tenth example, in the refrigerant pipe at least one is between the cooling fluid pipe, in the cooling fluid pipe at least one is between refrigerant pipe, and heat-absorption air passage and at least one in the air duct of heat radiation form an air duct.
Therefore, compare with respect to the situation of the flow direction arranged in series of extraneous air with outdoor heat converter with heat dissipation heat exchanger, cooling fluid pipe and refrigerant pipe can be arranged to close to each other.In other words, the cooling fluid pipe can be oriented near the frost that is formed in the refrigerant pipe.Therefore, during defrost operation, can effectively be passed to outdoor heat converter to carry out defrost operation from the heat of external heat source supply.
According to the 12 example of the present invention, the heat pump cycle of any can be applied to vehicle air conditioning in the first to the 11 example, and can comprise: the Inside Air Temperature test section, described Inside Air Temperature test section is configured to detect the Inside Air Temperature of vehicle interior; With the frosting determination portion, described frosting determination portion is configured to determine the frosting of outdoor heat converter.In this case, heat-exchange fluid is the air that is blown into vehicle interior, external heat source is the car-mounted device that produces in operation heat, cooling fluid is the cooling agent for the cooling car-mounted device, and when determining that by the frosting determination portion Inside Air Temperature that frost is formed on outdoor heat converter place and vehicle interior is equal to or greater than the predetermined reference Inside Air Temperature, the cooling fluid circuit switching device shifter is carried out and is switched to for making cooling fluid flow into the switching of the cooling fluid circuit of heat dissipation heat exchanger.
By this layout, determine frosting by the frosting determination portion, and when the temperature of the inner air in the compartment is equal to or greater than the predetermined reference Inside Air Temperature, frosting operation beginning.After the Inside Air Temperature of vehicle interior is warmed up to a certain degree, can begin defrost operation.Therefore, during defrost operation, even in the device of use for reducing the heating efficiency of the air in user's side heat exchanger, heat pump cycle can prevent that also the passenger from feeling dissatisfied to heating.
According to the 13 example of the present invention, the heat pump cycle of any can be applied to vehicle air conditioning in the first to the 12 example.In this case, heat pump cycle further comprises the frosting determination portion for the frosting of determining outdoor heat converter.In addition, heat-exchange fluid is the air that is blown into vehicle interior, external heat source is the car-mounted device that produces in operation heat, cooling fluid is the cooling agent for the cooling car-mounted device, user's side heat exchanger is arranged in the housing, form air duct in the described housing, and the inner/outer air switching device shifter that is used for changing the inner air that will be introduced in housing and the introducing ratio of extraneous air is arranged in the housing.In addition, when determining that by the frosting determination portion frost is formed on the outdoor heat converter place, the cooling fluid circuit switching device shifter is carried out and is switched to be used to making the mobile switching of arriving the cooling fluid circuit of heat dissipation heat exchanger of cooling fluid, and when determining that by the frosting determination portion frost is formed on the outdoor heat converter place, compare before the defrost operation with being transformed into, inner/outer air switching device shifter increases the introducing ratio of inner air and extraneous air.
Therefore, even during defrost operation, use in the situation for reducing the device of the heating efficiency of the air in user's side heat exchanger, volume with inner air of high temperature compares with the introducing of the volume of extraneous air to be increased, thereby can prevent that the passenger from feeling dissatisfied to heating.
According to the 14 example of the present invention, the heat pump cycle of any is applied to vehicle air conditioning in the first to the 13 example, and heat pump cycle also comprises the frosting determination portion of the frosting that is configured to definite outdoor heat converter.In this case, heat-exchange fluid is the air that is blown into vehicle interior, external heat source is the car-mounted device that produces in operation heat, cooling fluid is the cooling agent for the cooling car-mounted device, user's side heat exchanger is arranged in the housing, form air duct in the described housing, be used for being arranged on housing by changing the air outlet slit mode-changeover device that between the air outlet slit pattern, switches for the opening/closing state of the air outlet slit that air is blown into vehicle interior, at least be set to described air outlet slit for the foot's air outlet slit that air is blown into passenger's foot, when determining that by the frosting determination portion frost is formed on the outdoor heat converter place, the cooling fluid circuit switching device shifter is carried out and to be switched to for cooling fluid is flowed to the switching of the cooling fluid circuit of heat dissipation heat exchanger, and when determining that by the frosting determination portion frost is formed on the outdoor heat converter place, the air outlet slit mode-changeover device is carried out the switching switch to for from the air outlet slit pattern of foot's air outlet slit blow air.
Further, even during defrost operation, use in the situation for reducing the device of the heating efficiency of user's side heat exchanger, carry out the switching that switches to for from the air outlet slit pattern of foot's air outlet slit blow air.For example, compare towards the situation that passenger's face blows with air, heat pump cycle can prevent that the passenger is dissatisfied to adding hotness.
According to the 15 example of the present invention, the heat pump cycle of any is applied to vehicle air conditioning in the first to the 14 example, and heat pump cycle also comprises the frosting determination portion of the frosting that is configured to definite outdoor heat converter.In this case, heat-exchange fluid is the air that is blown into vehicle interior, external heat source is the car-mounted device that produces in operation heat, cooling fluid is the cooling agent for the cooling car-mounted device, user's side heat exchanger is arranged in the housing, form air duct in the described housing, be used for air is arranged on housing towards the air blast that vehicle interior blows, when determining that by the frosting determination portion frost is formed on the outdoor heat converter place, the cooling fluid circuit switching device shifter is carried out and is switched to for making cooling fluid flow into the switching of the cooling fluid circuit of heat dissipation heat exchanger, and with definite frosting before compare, air blast reduces blowability.
In addition, even when using device for reducing the heating efficiency of the air in user's side heat exchanger during defrost operation, air blast reduces it and blows ability, thereby can prevent that the passenger is dissatisfied to adding hotness.
According to the 16 example of the present invention, the heat pump cycle of any can be applied to vehicle air conditioning in the first to the 15 example, and heat pump cycle can comprise the frosting determination portion for the frosting of determining outdoor heat converter.In this case, heat-exchange fluid is the air that is blown into vehicle interior, external heat source is the car-mounted device that produces in operation heat, cooling fluid is used for the cooling agent of cooling car-mounted device, when the speed of a motor vehicle is equal to or less than predetermined reference speed and when the temperature of the cold-producing medium of the outlet side of outdoor heat converter is equal to or less than 0 ℃, the frosting determination portion can determine that frost is formed on the outdoor heat converter place, and when determining that by the frosting determination portion frost is formed on the outdoor heat converter place, the cooling fluid circuit switching device shifter is carried out and to be switched to for cooling fluid is flowed to the switching of the cooling fluid circuit of heat dissipation heat exchanger.
Particularly, when frost was formed on the outdoor heat converter place, the heat that is included in the car-mounted device can be used for outdoor heat converter is defrosted effectively.Further, when the temperature of cold-producing medium that is equal to or less than the outlet side of predetermined reference car speed and outdoor heat converter when the speed of vehicle was equal to or less than 0 ℃, the frosting determination portion determined that frost is formed on the outdoor heat converter place.Like this, consider suitably determining of car speed execution frosting.
According to the 17 example of the present invention, in the heat pump cycle of the 16 example, when the speed of traveling vehicle is equal to or less than predetermined reference speed, and when the temperature of the cold-producing medium of the outlet side of outdoor heat converter was equal to or less than 0 ℃, the frosting determination portion can determine that frost is formed on the outdoor heat converter place.Term " traveling vehicle " expression speed is not equal to zero vehicle, does not namely comprise the vehicle that stops.
According to the 18 example of the present invention, one heat pump cycle in the example 12 to 17 also comprises the coolant temperature test section that is configured to detect the temperature that flow into the cooling agent in the car-mounted device.In this case, when the coolant temperature that is detected by the coolant temperature test section was equal to or greater than predetermined reference temperature, the cooling fluid circuit switching device shifter was carried out to switch to for making and is stated the switching that cooling fluid flows into the cooling fluid circuit of heat dissipation heat exchanger.
Like this, heat contained in the cooling agent distributes from heat dissipation heat exchanger, thereby can prevent that car-mounted device is overheated.The heat that distributes from heat dissipation heat exchanger can be delivered to outdoor heat converter, then is inhaled in the cold-producing medium.In the normal operating of heat pump cycle, room air can be heated effectively.Therefore, can improve the heating properties of vehicle air conditioner.
According to the 19 example of the present invention, in one the heat pump cycle in the first to the 18 example, carry out to switch to when making cooling fluid walk around the switching of cooling fluid circuit of heat dissipation heat exchanger when the cooling fluid circuit switching device shifter, described cooling fluid closed circuit is stored the heat that is included in the external heat source within it.
Therefore, when not needing defrost operation, the cooling fluid circuit switching device shifter is carried out to switch to for the permission chilled fluid flow and is walked around the switching of the cooling fluid circuit of heat dissipation heat exchanger, thereby heat contained in the external heat source can be stored in the heat pump cycle.Therefore, the heat of storing during the defrost operation can be used for finishing defrosting in the short time.
For example, according to the 20 example of the present invention, the heat pump cycle of the 19 example is applied to vehicle air conditioning.In this case, heat-exchange fluid can be the air that is blown into vehicle interior, external heat source can be the car-mounted device that produces in operation heat, cooling fluid can be the cooling agent for the cooling car-mounted device, and carry out when the cooling fluid circuit switching device shifter and to switch to when allowing cooling fluid to walk around the switching of cooling fluid circuit of heat dissipation heat exchanger, the cooling fluid closed circuit can be stored in the heat that distributes from car-mounted device the cooling agent.
According to the 21 example of the present invention, the heat pump cycle of the 19 example is applied to vehicle air conditioning.In this case, heat-exchange fluid can be the air that is blown into vehicle interior, external heat source can be for the heating element heater that produces heat by supply electric power, cooling fluid can be the cooling agent for the cooling heating element heater, and carry out when the cooling fluid circuit switching device shifter and to switch to when allowing cooling fluid to walk around the switching of cooling fluid circuit of heat dissipation heat exchanger, the cooling fluid closed circuit can be stored in the heat that distributes from heating element heater the cooling agent.
According to the 22 example of the present invention, the heat pump cycle of the 21 example is applied to vehicle air conditioning.In this case, heat-exchange fluid can be the air that is blown into vehicle interior, produce in operation the car-mounted device of heat and can be used as external heat source for the heating element heater that produces heat by supply electric power and be set up, cooling fluid can be the cooling agent for cooling heating element heater and car-mounted device, and carry out when the cooling fluid circuit switching device shifter and to switch to when allowing cooling fluid to walk around the switching of cooling fluid circuit of heat dissipation heat exchanger, the cooling fluid closed circuit can be stored at least one heat that distributes from car-mounted device and heating element heater in the cooling agent.
In addition, as in the 23 example of the present invention, the heat that heating element heater produces can be controlled according to external air temperature.Therefore, may be limited to the unnecessary electric power of consumption in the heating element heater.
According to the 24 example of the present invention, heat pump cycle can also comprise: outdoor unit bypass passageways, described outdoor unit bypass passageways make the cold-producing medium that is depressurized device decompression walk around outdoor heat converter and cold-producing medium are directed to the refrigerant outlet side of outdoor heat converter; With outdoor unit bypass passageways switching device shifter, described outdoor unit bypass passageways switching device shifter is formed at the refrigerant loop that is directed to outdoor heat converter for the cold-producing medium that will be depressurized device decompression and switches between the refrigerant loop that the outdoor unit bypass passageways guides with the cold-producing medium that is used for being depressurized the device decompression.In this case, in defrost operation, outdoor unit bypass passageways switching device shifter is carried out and is switched to the switching that is directed to the refrigerant loop of outdoor unit bypass passageways for the cold-producing medium that will be depressurized the device decompression.
Outdoor unit bypass passageways switching device shifter is carried out in defrost operation for the cold-producing medium that will be depressurized the device decompression and is directed to the switching of the refrigerant loop of outdoor unit bypass passageways, thereby can prevent during defrost operation that the heat that passes to the outdoor unit heat exchanger via outer fin is inhaled in the cold-producing medium that flows through outdoor heat converter.
Therefore, the heat from the external heat source supply can be used for more effectively outdoor heat converter being defrosted during defrost operation.For example, when being applied to vehicle air conditioning, air can be by user's side heat exchanger heats to realize the heating to vehicle interior.
According to the 25 example of the present invention, heat pump cycle can also comprise: indoor evaporator, and described indoor evaporator is heat-shift between the cold-producing medium in the downstream of outdoor heat converter and heat-exchange fluid; Evaporimeter bypass passageways, described evaporimeter bypass passageways make the cold-producing medium in the downstream of outdoor heat converter walk around indoor evaporator and cold-producing medium are directed to the refrigerant outlet of indoor evaporator; With evaporimeter bypass passageways switching device shifter, described evaporimeter bypass passageways switching device shifter is formed at for the cold-producing medium with the downstream of outdoor heat converter and is directed to the refrigerant loop of indoor evaporator and is used for switching between the refrigerant loop that cold-producing medium with the downstream of outdoor heat converter is directed to the evaporimeter bypass passageways.In defrost operation, evaporimeter bypass passageways switching device shifter is carried out and to be switched to the switching that is directed to the refrigerant loop of indoor evaporator for the cold-producing medium with the downstream of outdoor heat converter.
Therefore, during defrost operation, evaporimeter bypass passageways switching device shifter is directed to the indoor evaporator side with the cold-producing medium in the downstream of outdoor heat converter, so that indoor evaporator can be by heat absorption effect heat of cooling replacement fluids when cold-producing medium is evaporated.For example, when being applied to vehicle air conditioning, the dehumidifying heating operation that the air that can realize wherein being cooled off by indoor evaporator is heated again by user's side heat exchanger.
According to the 26 example of the present invention, heat pump cycle can be applied to vehicle air conditioning.In this case, heat-exchange fluid is the air that is blown into vehicle interior, user's side heat exchanger is arranged in the housing, form blast channel in the described housing, and auxiliary heater is arranged in the described housing, use the car-mounted device heating that produced in operation heat add hot fluid and produce by supply electric power in the heating element heater of heat at least one heat the air that is blown into described vehicle interior as heating source.
Therefore, though during the defrost operation when the heating efficiency of the user's side heat exchanger that is used for air reduces owing to the cold-producing medium discharge capacity of compressor, air also can be heated by auxiliary heater.This layout can suppress to be blown into the reduction of temperature of the air of vehicle interior, and therefore can prevent that the passenger from feeling discontented to heating.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is that demonstration is according to the overall schematic of the stream of the cold-producing medium in the heating operation of the heat pump cycle of the first embodiment;
Fig. 2 is that demonstration is according to the overall schematic of the stream of the cold-producing medium in the defrost operation of the heat pump cycle of the first embodiment;
Fig. 3 is the cold-producing medium stream in the operation is collected in demonstration according to the used heat of the heat pump cycle of the first embodiment overall schematic;
Fig. 4 is that demonstration is according to the overall schematic of the stream of the cold-producing medium in the cooling down operation of the heat pump cycle of the first embodiment;
Fig. 5 is that demonstration is according to the schematic diagram of the detailed construction of the room air regulon of the first embodiment;
Fig. 6 is that demonstration is according to the overall schematic of the stream of the cold-producing medium in the heating operation of the heat pump cycle of the second embodiment;
Fig. 7 is that demonstration is according to the overall schematic of the stream of the cold-producing medium in the defrost operation of the heat pump cycle of the 3rd embodiment;
Fig. 8 is that demonstration is according to the overall schematic of the stream of the cold-producing medium in the defrost operation of the heat pump cycle of the 4th embodiment;
Fig. 9 is that demonstration is according to the overall schematic of the stream of the cold-producing medium in the defrost operation of the heat pump cycle of the 5th embodiment;
Figure 10 is the perspective view according to the heat converter structure of the 6th embodiment;
Figure 11 is the decomposition diagram according to the heat converter structure of the 6th embodiment;
Figure 12 is the cross-sectional view that intercepts along the line A-A among Figure 10;
Figure 13 is for the exemplary perspective view that flow of explanation according to the mobile and cooling agent of the cold-producing medium of the heat converter structure of the 6th embodiment;
Figure 14 is the flow chart that shows the control flow of controlling according to the vehicle interior interlock of the 7th embodiment;
Figure 15 is the flow chart that shows another control flow of controlling according to the vehicle interior interlock of the 7th embodiment;
Figure 16 is the flow chart that shows another control flow of controlling according to the vehicle interior interlock of the 7th embodiment;
Figure 17 is the flow chart that shows another control flow of controlling according to the vehicle interior interlock of the 7th embodiment;
Figure 18 is that demonstration is according to the overall schematic of the stream of the cold-producing medium in the defrost operation of the heat pump cycle of the 8th embodiment;
Figure 19 is that demonstration is according to the overall schematic of the stream of the cold-producing medium in the defrost operation of the heat pump cycle of the 9th embodiment;
Figure 20 is that demonstration is according to the overall schematic of the stream of the cold-producing medium in the defrost operation of the heat pump cycle of the tenth embodiment; And
Figure 21 is that demonstration is according to the overall schematic of the stream of the cold-producing medium in the defrost operation of the heat pump cycle of the 11 embodiment.
The specific embodiment
The first embodiment
With reference to Fig. 1-5, the first embodiment of the present invention is described below.In this embodiment of the present invention, heat pump cycle 10 is applied to the air regulator 1 of the vehicle of so-called PHEV, and wherein said PHEV can obtain for the driving force of advancing from internal combustion engine (engine) with for the motor MG that advances.Fig. 1 has shown the overall structure figure of the vehicle air conditioner 1 of present embodiment.
PHEV can be at vehicle according to the load of travelling on the vehicle etc. by making engine running or stopping to obtain from engine and the motor MG that is used for advancing switching between another travel condition that travel condition that driving force advances and vehicle only advance from the motor MG acquisition driving force that is used for advancing by making engine stop.Therefore, compare with the general-utility car that only to be used for the driving force of advancing from engine, PHEV can improve fuel efficiency.
Heat pump cycle 10 in the vehicle air conditioner 1 is used for air in heating or the coolant compartment to be blown into as the vehicle interior for the space of air conditioning.Therefore, heat pump cycle 10 can switch between refrigerant flowpath, thereby carries out heating operation (heater operation) and cooling down operation (cooler operation).Heating operation is suitable for heating vehicle interior by the air as heat-exchange fluid in the vehicle cabin (as normal operating).Cooling down operation is suitable for cooling off vehicle interior by the air that cooling is blown in the compartment.
Then, heat pump cycle 10 can also carry out defrost operation and used heat is collected operation, defrost operation be used for to melt and removes and is formed at the frost of heating operation with outdoor heat converter 16 places of the evaporimeter that acts on vaporized refrigerant, described used heat collect operation be used for heating operation in cold-producing medium, absorbs as external heat source for the contained heat of motor MG of advancing.In the overall structure figure of the heat pump cycle 10 shown in Fig. 1-4, flowing of the cold-producing medium in each operation represented by filled arrows.
The heat pump cycle 10 of present embodiment adopts common fluorine-based cold-producing medium as cold-producing medium, and forms subcritical refrigeration cycle, and the high-pressure side refrigerant pressure of described subcritical refrigeration cycle is no more than the critical pressure of cold-producing medium.The refrigerator oil that is used for lubricate compressors 11 is mixed into cold-producing medium, and the part of refrigerator oil cycles through described heat pump cycle with cold-producing medium.
At first, compressor 11 is positioned in the engine room, and sucks in heat pump cycle 10, compresses and refrigerant emission.Compressor is by utilizing motor 11b to drive the motor compressor of the fixed displacement compressor 11a with fixed discharge ability.Particularly, the various types of compressing mechanisms such as scroll compressor structure or blade compresses mechanism can be adopted to fixed displacement compressor 11a.
Motor 11b is that its operation (revolution) is by the motor of the control signal control of exporting from the air conditioning controller with function that will be described subsequently.Motor 11b can use AC motor or DC motor.The cold-producing medium discharge capacity of the control break compressing mechanism 11 of the revolution of motor.Therefore, in the present embodiment, motor 11b changes part as the discharge capacity of compressor 11.
The cold-producing medium discharge port of compressor 11 is connected to the refrigerant inlet side as the indoor condenser 12 of user's side heat exchanger.Indoor condenser 12 is arranged in the housing 31 of room air regulon 30 of vehicle air conditioner 1.Indoor condenser 12 is heat exchangers of heating usefulness, described heat exchanger the high-temperature high-pressure refrigerant that flows through described heat exchanger with to be blown in the interior compartment and by the air of indoor evaporator 20 of subsequently description between heat-shift.The detailed construction of room air regulon 30 is described subsequently.
The fixed restriction device 13 of heating usefulness is connected to the refrigerant outlet side of indoor condenser 12.Fixed restriction device 13 usefulness act on the decompressor of heating operation, and described decompressor makes cold-producing medium decompression and the expansion of flowing from indoor condenser 12 in heating operation.The fixed restriction device 13 of heating usefulness can use aperture, capillary etc.The outlet side of the fixed restriction device 13 of heating usefulness is connected to the refrigerant inlet side of outdoor heat converter 16.
The bypass passageways 14 that is used for fixed restriction device 13 is connected to the refrigerant outlet side of indoor condenser 12.Bypass passageways 14 makes the cold-producing mediums that flow from indoor condenser 12 walk around the fixed restriction device 13 of heating usefulness and described cold-producing medium is directed to the outdoor heat converter 16.The open/closed valve 15a that be used for to open and close is used for the bypass passageways 14 of fixed restriction device is arranged on the bypass passageways 14 for the fixed restriction device.Open/closed valve 15a is magnetic valve, and it opens and closes operation by the control Control of Voltage from air conditioning controller with function output.
Compare with the pressure loss that causes during by fixed restriction device 13 when cold-producing medium, when the pressure loss that cold-producing medium causes during by open/closed valve 15a minimum.Therefore, when open/closed valve 15a opened, the cold-producing medium that flows out from indoor condenser 12 was flowed through and is flow into outdoor heat converter 16 by the bypass passageways 14 that is used for the fixed restriction device.On the contrary, when open/closed valve 15a closed, cold-producing medium flow in the outdoor heat converter 16 via the fixed restriction device 13 of heating usefulness.
Therefore, open/closed valve 15a can switch between a plurality of refrigerant flowpath of heat pump cycle 10.The open/closed valve 15a of present embodiment is as the refrigerant flowpath switching device shifter.Alternatively, as this refrigerant flowpath switching device shifter, can provide electric T-shaped valve etc. to be connected between refrigerant loop and the outlet side that is used for connecting indoor condenser 12 of entrance side of fixed restriction device 13 of heating usefulness and another refrigerant loop for the entrance side of the bypass passageways 14 of fixed restriction device and to switch being used for outlet side with indoor condenser 12.
Outdoor heat converter 16 is heat-shift between the low pressure refrigerant that flows through this outdoor heat converter 16 and the extraneous air that blows from blower fan 17.Outdoor heat converter 16 is the heat exchangers in being arranged on engine room, and evaporate low pressure refrigerant with the evaporimeter of demonstration endothermic effect as in heating operation, being used for, and described heat exchanger is also as the radiator that distributes from the heat of high-pressure refrigerant in cooling down operation.
Blower fan 17 is electric blowers, the operating ratio of described electric blower, that is and, the revolution of described electric blower (volume of air) is by the control Control of Voltage from air conditioning controller with function output.The outdoor heat converter 16 of present embodiment forms one with the radiator that will be described subsequently 43, be used for be used for that cooling is used for the cooling agent of the motor MG that advances and the extraneous air that blows from blower fan 17 between heat-shift.
Blower fan 17 usefulness of present embodiment act on the extraneous air outdoor blowers that both blow towards outdoor heat converter 16 and radiator 43.The detailed construction of outdoor heat converter 16 integral with one another and radiator 43 (hereinafter to be referred as " heat converter structure 70 ") will be described in detail following.
The outlet side of outdoor heat converter 16 is connected to electric T-shaped valve 15b.The operation of triple valve 15b is by the control Control of Voltage from air conditioning controller with function output.Triple valve 15b is used as the refrigerant flowpath switching device shifter with above-mentioned open/closed valve 15a.
More specifically, in heating operation, triple valve 15b carries out and to switch to the switching of refrigerant flowpath that is connected to the entrance side of the accumulator 18 that will be described subsequently for the outlet side with outdoor heat converter 16.On the contrary, in cooling down operation, triple valve 15b carries out the switching of refrigerant flowpath of entrance side that the outlet side that is used for outdoor heat converter 16 is connected to the fixed restriction device 19 of cooling usefulness.
Fixed restriction device 19 usefulness of cooling usefulness act on the decompressor of cooler operation (cooling down operation), and described decompressor is used at the cold-producing medium that cooling down operation reduces pressure and expansion is flowed out from outdoor heat converter 16.Fixed restriction device 19 has the basic structure identical with the basic structure of the fixed restriction device 13 of above heating usefulness.The outlet side of the fixed restriction device 19 of cooling usefulness is connected to the refrigerant inlet side of indoor evaporator 20.
Indoor evaporator 20 is arranged on the upstream side of air stream with respect to indoor condenser 12 in the housing 31 of room air regulon 30.Indoor evaporator 20 is the heat exchangers for cooling, thereby described heat exchanger is at vehicle interior air and the air that flows through heat-shift between the cold-producing medium of described heat exchanger and cool off vehicle interior.The refrigerant outlet side of indoor evaporator 20 is connected to the entrance side of accumulator 18.
Therefore, be used for walking around with the cold-producing medium that acts on the downstream that allows outdoor heat converter 16 in the refrigerant flowpath that heating operation allows cold-producing medium to flow to the entrance side of accumulator 18 from triple valve 15b the evaporimeter bypass passageways 20a of indoor evaporator 20.Triple valve 15b is as evaporimeter bypass passageways switching device shifter, and described evaporimeter bypass passageways switching device shifter is used for switching between refrigerant loop that cold-producing medium with the downstream of outdoor heat converter 16 is directed to indoor evaporator 20 and another refrigerant loop that is directed to evaporimeter bypass passageways 20a for the cold-producing medium with the downstream of outdoor heat converter 16 being used for.
Accumulator 18 is the gas-liquid separators for the low-pressure side cold-producing medium, and the cold-producing medium that described gas-liquid separator will flow in the described gas-liquid separator is separated into liquid and gas, and the excess refrigerant during storage circulates in described gas-liquid separator.The vapor phase refrigerant outlet of accumulator 18 is connected to the suction side of compressor 11.Therefore, accumulator 18 is used for restriction liquid phase refrigerant is drawn into compressor 11, thereby prevents the compression of liquid in compressor 11.
Next, below use Fig. 5 to describe room air regulon 30.Fig. 5 shows the detailed structure view of amplification, the room air regulon 30 shown in the described structure chart presentation graphs 1-4.Room air regulon 30 is arranged in the inside of instrument board (instrument face plate) at forefront place in compartment.Described unit 30 is holding air blast 32, above-mentioned indoor condenser 12 and indoor evaporator 20 as in the housing 31 of shell.
Housing 31 forms the air duct that is communicated with the compartment, and air is blown in the vehicle interior by described air duct.Housing 31 is formed by the resin with certain elasticity and excellent strength (for example, polypropylene).The inner/outer air switch 33 that is used for switching introducing selected air between the air (inner air) of vehicle interior and extraneous air is arranged on the upstream side of vehicle interior air stream at housing 31.
Inner/outer air switch 33 is inner/outer air switching device shifters, described inner/outer air switching device shifter is used for switching door by the inner/outer air to be regulated continuously and is used for inner air is incorporated into the aperture area of inner air entrance of housing 31 and the aperture area of extraneous air entrance that is used for extraneous air is incorporated into housing 31 continuously changing the ratio of inner air and extraneous air introducing, thereby switches between the suction ports pattern.
Inner/outer air switch 33 is provided with for the inner air entrance that inner air is incorporated into housing 31 with for the extraneous air entrance that extraneous air is incorporated into housing 31.It is interior with the aperture area of continuous adjusting inner air entrance and the aperture area of extraneous air entrance that inner/outer air switching door is positioned at inner/outer air switch 33, thus the ratio of the volume of the volume of change inner air and extraneous air.The inner/outer air switches door and is driven by the electric actuator (not shown), and the operation of described electric actuator is by the control signal control from air conditioning controller with function output.
The suction ports pattern of being switched by inner/outer air switch 33 comprises the inner air pattern, exterior air patterns and inside-extraneous air mixed mode, described inner air pattern is used for by opening the inner air entrance fully inner air being incorporated into housing 31 when closing the extraneous air entrance fully, described exterior air patterns is used for when closing the inner air entrance fully and opening the extraneous air entrance fully extraneous air being incorporated into housing 31, and described inside-extraneous air mixed mode is used for opening simultaneously inner air entrance and extraneous air entrance.
Be arranged on the downstream of the air stream of inner/outer air switch 33 for the air blast 32 that will be blown into via the air that inner/outer air switch 33 sucks vehicle interior.Air blast 32 is electric blowers, described electric blower comprises by electric motor driven centrifugal multiblade fan (Sirocco fan), and the revolution of described electric blower (volume of air) is by the control Control of Voltage from air conditioning controller with function output.
Indoor evaporator 20 and indoor condenser 12 are with respect to the mobile downstream that is set in sequence in successively the air-flow of air blast 32 of the air of vehicle interior.In brief, indoor evaporator 20 is arranged on upstream side with respect to indoor condenser 12 along the flow direction of vehicle room air.
Air mix door 34 is arranged on the downstream of the air-flow in the indoor evaporator 20 and the upstream side of the air-flow in the indoor condenser 12.Air mix door 34 is regulated air by indoor condenser 12 at the airborne volume ratio that passes through indoor evaporator 20.The downstream that blending space 35 is arranged on the air-flow in the indoor condenser 12 is to mix with the cold-producing medium heat-shift and at the heated air in indoor condenser 12 places with walk around indoor condenser 12 and do not have heated air.
Be used for to be blown at the adjusting air of the mixing of mixing chamber 35 the downstream that is arranged on air stream in the housing 31 as the open pore in the vehicle interior in the space interested that will be cooled.Particularly, open pore comprises for the inboard towards the front glass of vehicle and blows the defrosting open pore 36a that regulates air, is used for upper body towards the passenger in compartment and blows the facial open pore 36b that regulates air and be used for regulating the open pore 36c of foot that air blows towards passenger's foot.
The respective downstream side of the air stream of defrosting open pore 36a, facial open pore 36b and the open pore 36c of foot is connected to the defrost air outlet that is arranged in the compartment, facial air outlet slit and foot's air outlet slit via the conduit that forms the respective air passage.
Air mix door 34 is regulated the volume flow of the air that passes indoor condenser 12, thereby is adjusted in the temperature of the adjusting air that mixes in the mixing chamber 35, thus the temperature of the adjusting air that control blows from each air outlet slit.That is, air mix door 34 usefulness act on the temperature-adjusting device of regulating the temperature that is blown into the adjusting air in the vehicle interior.
In brief, air mix door 34 is as the heat exchange amount adjusting device, is used for regulating from the heat that exchanges between the air of the cold-producing medium of compressor 11 dischargings and the vehicle interior of the indoor condenser 12 that is used as user's side heat exchanger.Air mix door 34 is driven by the servomotor (not shown), and the operation of wherein said servomotor is according to being controlled from the control signal of air conditioning controller with function output.
The facial door 37b and being used for that defrosting open pore 36a, facial open pore 36b and the open pore 36c of foot have respectively defrosting door 37a for the aperture area of regulating defrosting open pore 36a in the respective upstream side of its air stream, be used for regulating the aperture area of facial open pore 36b regulates the door 37c of foot of the aperture area of the open pore 36c of foot.
A defrosting 37a, facial door 37b and the door 37c of foot are with acting on the air outlet slit mode changing apparatus that changes for the opening/closing state of each air outlet slit that air is blown into vehicle interior, and driven by the electric actuator (not shown), the operation of wherein said electric actuator is according to being controlled from the control signal of air conditioning controller with function output.
The air outlet slit pattern comprises facial model, two-stage pattern and foot's pattern, described facial model is used for the upper part of the body of air towards the passenger of vehicle interior being blowed from facial air outlet slit by opening facial air outlet slit fully, described two-stage pattern is used for by opening simultaneously facial air outlet slit and foot's air outlet slit the upper part of the body and the foot of air towards the passenger of vehicle interior being blowed, and described foot pattern is used for by opening fully that foot's air outlet slit is opened the defrost air outlet simultaneously a little and mainly from foot's air outlet slit blow air.
The passenger can manual operation the switch on the described guidance panel subsequently, be used for the defrosting mode that air blowed towards the inner surface of the windshield of vehicle from the defrost air outlet by opening the defrost air outlet fully thereby set.
Next, coolant circulation circuit 40 is below described.Coolant circulation circuit 40 is for by as the cooling agent of cooling fluid (for example allowing, glycol water) cycle through the coolant channel that is formed on above-mentioned motor MG for advancing and cool off cooling fluid closed circuit be used to the motor MG that advances, described motor MG is one that produces in operation in the car-mounted device of heat.
Coolant circulation circuit 40 is provided with cooling medium pump 41, electric T-shaped valve 42, radiator 43 and is used for allowing ANALYSIS OF COOLANT FLOW to walk around the bypass passageways 44 of radiator 43.
Cooling medium pump 41 is electrodynamic pumps, be formed on for the coolant channel in the motor MG that advances for cooling agent is expressed at coolant circulation circuit 40, and the revolution of described cooling medium pump 41 (flow) is by the control signal control from air conditioning controller with function output.Therefore, cooling medium pump 41 usefulness act on by changing and are used for cooling capacity is regulated in cooling for the flow of the cooling agent of the motor MG that advances cooling capacity adjusting portion.
Triple valve 42 makes ANALYSIS OF COOLANT FLOW that cooling agent is walked around between another mobile cooling fluid circuit of radiator 43 at the outlet side that is used for being connected to by the entrance side with cooling medium pump 41 radiator 43 to switch.Operation is by being used as the cooling fluid circuit switching device shifter from the voltage-controlled triple valve 42 of the control of air conditioning controller with function output.
Namely, as by shown in the dotted arrow of Fig. 1 etc., the coolant circulation circuit 40 of present embodiment can be used for making cooling agent from cooling medium pump 41, be used for motor MG, radiator 43 and the cooling medium pump 41 of advancing according to this sequential loop cooling fluid circuit be used for making cooling agent from cooling medium pump 41, be used for motor MG, bypass passageways 44 and the cooling medium pump 41 of advancing and carry out switching between the cooling fluid circuit of sequential loop according to this.
Therefore, when the operating period of the motor MG that is used for advancing triple valve 42 carry out and switch to when allowing cooling agent to walk around the cooling fluid circuit of radiator 43, cooling agent temperature in situation about its heat not being dissipated in the radiator 43 increases.That is, carry out to switch to when allowing cooling agent to walk around the cooling fluid circuit of radiator 43 when triple valve 42, the contained heat (heat of generation) of motor MG that is used for advancing is stored in the cooling agent.
Radiator 43 is heat dissipation heat exchangers, and described heat dissipation heat exchanger is arranged in the engine room, and between cooling agent and the extraneous air that blows from blower fan 17 heat-shift.As mentioned above, radiator 43 is configured to one to form heat converter structure 70 with outdoor heat converter 16.
The details of heat converter structure 70 is below described.Outdoor heat converter 16 in the present embodiment and each in the radiator 43 are made of so-called case tubing heat exchanger, described case tubing heat exchanger comprises for a plurality of pipes that allow cold-producing medium or ANALYSIS OF COOLANT FLOW to pass through and is used for a pair of header tank collecting and distribute, and described header tank is positioned at the both sides of pipe and is designed to collect or distributes cold-producing medium or the cooling agent that flows through pipe.
More specifically, outdoor heat converter 16 comprises be used to a plurality of refrigerant pipe 16a that flow of refrigerant is passed through.Further, refrigerant pipe 16a is the flat tube that has flattened cross-sectional in the direction perpendicular to longitudinal direction.Each refrigerant pipe 16a is stacked with the predetermined gap between the described refrigerant pipe, so that the flat surface of the outer surface of described refrigerant pipe in a parallel manner toward each other.
Therefore, be used for making the heat-absorption air passage 16b of the flow of external air that blows from blower fan 17 to form around refrigerant pipe 16a, that is, be formed between the adjacent refrigerant pipe 16a.
Radiator 43 comprises a plurality of cooling fluid pipe 43a, and described a plurality of cooling fluid pipe 43a are used for allowing ANALYSIS OF COOLANT FLOW by described cooling fluid pipe, and has flattened cross-sectional in the direction perpendicular to longitudinal direction.Be similar to refrigerant pipe 16a, cooling fluid pipe 43a is stacked with the predetermined gap between described cooling fluid pipe.Be used for making the heat radiation air duct 43b of the flow of external air that blows from blower fan 17 to form around cooling fluid pipe 43a, that is, be formed between the adjacent cooling fluid pipe 43a.
In the present embodiment, each header tank that is used for collecting with distributing of outdoor heat converter 16 and radiator 43 is partly made by identical material, and the heat-absorption air passage is provided with the outer fin 50 of being made by identical material with the heat radiation air duct.Outer fin 50 joins pipe 16a and 43a to, so that outdoor heat converter 16 and radiator 43 are integrally formed with each other to form heat converter structure 70.
Outer fin 50 in the use is to bend to the corrugated fin that wave shape forms by the metal sheet that will have excellent thermal conductivity.The part in the heat-absorption air passage of being arranged on of outer fin 50 be used for to promote heat exchange between cold-producing medium and the extraneous air, and another part in the heat radiation air duct of being arranged on of outer fin 50 is used for heat exchange between promotion cooling agent and the extraneous air.
Further, each outer fin 50 joins refrigerant pipe 16a and cooling fluid pipe 43a to, thereby can be implemented in the heat transmission between refrigerant pipe 16a and the cooling fluid pipe 43a.
In above-mentioned present embodiment, the cooling fluid pipe 43a of the refrigerant pipe 16a of outdoor heat converter 16, radiator 43, be used for to collect and the header tank and the outer fin 50 that distribute are all formed by aluminium alloy, and mutually form one by soldering.In addition, in the present embodiment, radiator 43 forms one with outdoor heat converter 16 on the windward side on the flow direction X of the extraneous air that is blowed by blower fan 17.
The electronic control unit of present embodiment is below described.Air conditioning controller with function is made of the known microcomputer and the peripheral circuit thereof that comprise CPU, ROM and RAM.Control module is connected to the air conditioning controller with function 11 of the output of this control module, each operation among 15a, the 15b, 17,41 and 42 according to being stored in air conditioning control program among the ROM by carrying out various operations and processing controls.
The one group of various sensor that is used for the control air conditioning are connected to the input side of air conditioning controller with function.Sensor comprises as the inner air sensor of the Inside Air Temperature test section of the temperature that detects vehicle interior, for detection of the extraneous air sensor of the temperature of extraneous air, for detection of the solar radiation sensor of the amount of the solar radiation of vehicle interior with for detection of the evaporator temperature sensor of the temperature (evaporator temperature) of the air that blows from indoor evaporator 20.In addition, sensor also comprises for detection of from the refrigerant emission temperature sensor of the temperature of the cold-producing medium of compressor 11 discharging, for detection of the outlet refrigerant temperature sensors 51 of the refrigerant temperature Te of the outlet side of outdoor heat converter 16 with as detecting the coolant temperature sensor 52 that flow into for the coolant temperature test section of the coolant temperature Tw of the cooling agent of the motor MG that advances.
In the present embodiment, coolant temperature sensor 51 detects from the coolant temperature Tw of the cooling agent of cooling medium pump 41 extrusion.Alternatively.Can detect the coolant temperature Tw of the cooling agent that is drawn in the cooling medium pump 41.
The guidance panel (not shown) of the instrument board setting of close front, compartment is connected to the input side of air conditioning controller with function.Operation signal is transfused to from all kinds air conditioning console switch that is arranged on the guidance panel.Be arranged on various air conditioning console switch on the panel comprise console switch for vehicle air conditioner, be used for setting vehicle interior temperature the vehicle interior temperature configuration switch and be used for the selector switch of select operating mode.
Air conditioning controller with function comprises for the control part of the motor 11b of control compressor 11 and mutual shape all-in-one-piece open/closed valve 15a etc., and is designed to control the operation of these parts.In the air conditioning controller with function of present embodiment, the structure (hardware and software) that is used for the operation of control compressor 11 is used as cold-producing medium discharge capacity control part.Be used for control as the structure of the operation of the related device 15a of refrigerant flowpath switching device shifter and 15b as the refrigerant flowpath control part.Structure for the operation of controlling the triple valve 42 of using the cooling fluid circuit switching device shifter that acts on cooling agent is used as the cooling fluid circuit control part.
The air conditioning controller with function of present embodiment comprises for according to determining from the detection signal of above sensor group for air conditioning control whether frost is formed on the structure (frosting determination portion) at outdoor heat converter 16 places.Particularly, when the speed of traveling vehicle is equal to or less than predetermined reference value (in the present embodiment, 20km/h), and the refrigerant temperature Te of the outlet side of outdoor heat converter 16 is when being equal to or less than 0 ℃, and the frosting determination portion of present embodiment determines to produce at outdoor heat converter 16 places frosting.
Use determining that the frosting determination portion carries out not to be subject to this.Alternatively, for example, (particularly, car speed=0km/h) and Vehicular system keep running when vehicle stop, and when the refrigerant temperature Te of the outlet side of outdoor heat converter 16 is equal to or less than 0 ℃, can determine the generation frosting at outdoor heat converter 16 places.
Next, the operation of the vehicle air conditioner with above layout 1 in the present embodiment is below described.The vehicle air conditioner 1 of present embodiment can be carried out for the heating operation of heating vehicle interior with for the cooling down operation that cools off vehicle interior.In heating operation, can also carry out defrost operation and used heat and collect operation.Each operation is below described
(a) heating operation
When the console switch at guidance panel was opened in the situation of (ON) and to be selected the heating operation pattern by selector switch, heating operation began.Then, in heating operation, when the frosting determination portion determines that frost is formed on outdoor heat converter 16 place, carry out defrost operation.When the coolant temperature Tw that is detected by coolant temperature sensor 52 is equal to or greater than predetermined reference temperature (in the present embodiment, 60 ℃), carries out used heat and collect operation.
In the normal heating operation, air conditioning controller with function is closed open/closed valve 15a, and triple valve 15b is switched to the refrigerant flowpath that is connected to the entrance side of accumulator 18 for the outlet side with outdoor heat converter 16.Further, thereby controller actuating cooling medium pump 41 extrudes cooling agent with predetermined amount of flow, and the triple valve 42 of coolant circulation circuit 40 is switched to the refrigerant flowpath that allows cooling agent to walk around radiator 43.
Like this, heat pump cycle 10 is switched to and allows cold-producing medium as by the refrigerant flowpath that flows shown in the solid arrow among Fig. 1.Cooling fluid closed circuit 40 also is switched to and allows cold-producing medium such as the path of being flowed by the cooling fluid that flows shown in the dotted arrow among Fig. 1.
Air conditioning controller with function with above-mentioned refrigerant flowpath and cooling fluid circuit reads from the detection signal of the sensor group that is used for air conditioning control with from the operation signal of guidance panel.According to detection signal and operation signal, target outlet air temperature TAO is calculated as the target temperature that will be blown into the air of vehicle interior.Further, according to the target outlet air temperature TAO that calculates with determine to be connected to the mode of operation of various air conditioning control assemblies of the outlet side of air conditioning controller with function from the detection signal of sensor group.
For example, the cold-producing medium discharge capacity of compressor 11, namely, the control signal that outputs to the motor of compressor 11 is determined by following: at first, determine the target evaporator outlet air temperature TEO of indoor evaporator 20 according to target outlet air temperature TAO with reference to pre-stored control chart in air conditioning controller with function.
Deviation between the air themperature that is detected by evaporator temperature sensor that blows according to target evaporator outlet air temperature TEO and from indoor evaporator 20, definite control signal that will be output to the motor of compressor 11, thereby, make the blow air temperature of the air that blows from indoor evaporator 20 near target evaporator outlet air temperature TEO by utilizing feedback.
The air themperature that blows according to the quilt of target outlet air temperature TAO, indoor evaporator 20 and determine to be output to the control signal of the servomotor of air mix door 34 from the temperature of the cold-producing medium that is detected by the refrigerant emission temperature sensor of compressor 11 dischargings becomes the passenger and uses the temperature that temperature setting switch is set in the vehicle chamber so that be blown into the temperature of the air of vehicle interior.
Collect operating period in normal heating operation, defrost operation and used heat, can control the opening degree of air mix door 34, so that the air of the whole volume that blows from air blast 32 in the vehicle interior passes indoor condenser 12.
With reference to the definite control signal that will be output to the electric actuator of inner/outer air switch 33 of pre-stored control chart in air conditioning controller with function.In the present embodiment, basically, the exterior air patterns that is used for the introducing extraneous air is given higher priority.Yet, when target outlet air temperature TAO becomes ultra-high temperature with the high heating properties of needs, perhaps in defrost operation, select to be used for introducing the inner air pattern of inner air.
With reference to the definite control signal that will be output to the electric actuator of each air outlet slit mode changing apparatus 37a-37c of pre-stored control chart in air conditioning controller with function.In the present embodiment, when target outlet air temperature TAO was increased to high temperature range from low temperature range, air outlet slit pattern according to this order switched to the two-stage pattern from facial model, then switches to foot's pattern.Therefore, in heating operation, tend to select foot's pattern.
Then, the control signal of determining as mentioned above is output to various air conditioning control assemblies.After this, until stop by guidance panel request vehicle air conditioning, control program repeats in each predetermined controlled circulation.Control program comprises a series of processes successively: read detection signal and operation signal, calculating target outlet air temperature TAO, determine the mode of operation of various air conditioning control assemblies and export control voltage and control signal.The basically in an identical manner this repetition of executive control program in other operator scheme.
In heat pump cycle 10, in normal heating operating period, flow into the indoor condenser 12 from the high-pressure refrigerant of compressor 11 dischargings.Flow into cold-producing medium in the indoor condenser 12 by indoor evaporator 20 and the vehicle interior air exchange heat that blows from air blast 32 to distribute the heat from described indoor evaporator 20, so that the vehicle interior air is heated.
Because open/closed valve 15a closes, the high-pressure refrigerant that therefore flows out from indoor condenser 12 flow into the fixed restriction device 13 of heating usefulness to be depressurized by described throttling arrangement and to expand.Being heated fixed restriction device 13 decompressions of usefulness and the low pressure refrigerant that expands flow in the outdoor heat converter 16.Flow into low pressure refrigerant in the outdoor heat converter 16 from the extraneous air absorbing heat that blowed by blower fan 17 to be evaporated.
At this moment, in coolant circulation circuit 40, execution switches to for allowing cooling agent to walk around the switching of the cooling fluid circuit of radiator 43, thereby prevent cooling agent with dissipation of heat to the cold-producing medium that flows through outdoor heat converter 16, and prevent that cooling agent is from flowing through the cold-producing medium absorbing heat of outdoor heat converter 16.That is, cooling agent at all can flow cold-producing medium by outdoor heat converter 16 produce heat affecting.
Because triple valve 15b is switched to the refrigerant flowpath that the outlet side of outdoor heat converter 16 is connected to the entrance side of accumulator 18, the cold-producing medium that therefore flows out from outdoor heat converter 16 flow into the accumulator 18 and is separated into liquid and gas.The vapor phase refrigerant of being separated by accumulator 18 is sucked also again compressed by compressor 11.
As mentioned above, in the normal heating operation, the air of vehicle interior is heated by indoor condenser 12 by heat contained from the cold-producing medium of compressor 11 dischargings, thereby can carry out the heating operation of vehicle interior.
(b) defrost operation
Next, defrost operation is below described.Be used for by coming in the refrigerating circulatory device of vaporized refrigerant at outdoor heat converter 16 heat-shift between cold-producing medium and extraneous air, be similar to the heat pump cycle 10 of present embodiment, when as the cold-producing medium evaporating temperature of one of temperature of outdoor heat converter 16 (particularly, the temperature of the outer surface of outdoor heat converter 16, or the temperature of outdoor heat converter 16) becomes and be equal to or less than the frosting temperature (particularly, 0 ℃) time, frost may be formed on outdoor heat converter 16 places.
The heat-absorption air passage 16b of white close chamber outer heat-exchanger 16 is passed through in this formation of frost, thereby reduces hastily the heat exchange performance of outdoor heat converter 16.In the heat pump cycle 10 of present embodiment, when determining in the generation frosting of outdoor heat converter 16 places by the frosting determination portion in heating operation, defrost operation begins.
In defrost operation, air conditioning controller with function stops the operation of compressor 11, and the operation of the fan 17 that turns off the blast.Therefore, during defrost operation, compare with the normal heating operation, the flow that flow into the cold-producing medium in the outdoor heat converter 16 reduces, and reduces thereby the heat-absorption air passage 16b neutralization that causes flowing into outdoor heat converter 16 flow into the volume of the extraneous air among the heat radiation air duct 43b of radiator 43.
Air conditioning controller with function switches to the triple valve 42 of coolant circulation circuit 40 and allows cooling agent as by the cooling fluid circuit that flow into shown in the dotted arrow among Fig. 2 in the radiator 43.Therefore, coolant circulation circuit 40 is switched to for making cold-producing medium as do not made cold-producing medium pass through heat pump cycle 10 circulations by the cooling fluid circuit that flows shown in the dotted arrow of Fig. 2.
Therefore, flow through heat contained in the cooling agent of cooling fluid pipe 43a of radiator 43 and be delivered to the heat-absorption air passage 16b of outdoor heat converter 16 via outer fin 50, carry out by this defrost operation of outdoor heat converter 16.That is, can effectively use the used heat realization be used to the motor MG that advances to defrost.
(c) used heat is collected operation
Next, below describe used heat and collect operation.Preferably, in order to suppress overheated be used to the motor MG that advances, the temperature of cooling agent is maintained at predetermined upper limit temperature or below the described predetermined upper limit temperature.Further, in order to reduce owing to the viscosity that is sealed to for the lubrication oil of the motor MG that advances increases the friction loss that causes, preferably, the temperature of cooling agent is maintained at the predetermined lower bound temperature or more than the described predetermined lower bound temperature.
In the heat pump cycle 10 of present embodiment, during the heating operation when coolant temperature Tw is equal to or greater than predetermined reference temperature (being in the present embodiment 60 ℃), carry out used heat and collect operation.In defrost operation, the triple valve 15b of heat pump cycle 10 operates in the mode identical with normal heating operation, but the triple valve 42 of coolant circulation circuit 40 is to be switched to as making ANALYSIS OF COOLANT FLOW to the cooling fluid circuit of radiator 43 by being used for shown in the dotted arrow in 3 with mode identical in the defrost operation.
Therefore, as by shown in the solid arrow of Fig. 3, from the high pressure, high temperature refrigerant of the compressor 11 discharging air at indoor condenser 12 heating vehicle interiors, then be depressurized with the fixed restriction device 13 of the mode identical with the normal heating operation by heating usefulness and expand to flow into outdoor heat converter 16.
Because triple valve 42 is switched to for the cooling fluid circuit that makes ANALYSIS OF COOLANT FLOW to radiator 43, therefore flow to low pressure refrigerant in the outdoor heat converter 16 and absorb and containedly in heat contained in the extraneous air that is blowed by blower fan 17 and the cooling agent pass to the heat of described cooling agent to be evaporated via outer fin 50.Other activates identical with the actuating in the normal heating operation.
As mentioned above, collect in the operation at used heat, the air utilization of vehicle interior is heated at indoor condenser 12 from the heat of the cold-producing medium of compressor 11 dischargings, thereby can carry out the heating of vehicle interior.At this moment, cold-producing medium not only absorbs heat contained in the extraneous air, but also containedly in the absorption cooling agent pass to the heat of described cooling agent via outer fin 50, thereby can effectively use the heating that realizes vehicle interior be used to the used heat of the motor MG that advances.
(d) cooling down operation
Open in the situation of (ON) when selecting the cooling down operation pattern by selector switch when the console switch at guidance panel, cooling down operation begins.In cooling down operation, air conditioning controller with function is opened open/closed valve 15a, and triple valve 15b is switched to the refrigerant flowpath that is connected to the entrance side of the fixed restriction device 19 that cools off usefulness for the outlet side with outdoor heat converter 16.Therefore, heat pump cycle 10 is switched to for making cold-producing medium as by the refrigerant flowpath that flows shown in the solid arrow of Fig. 4.
At this moment, when coolant temperature Tw was equal to or greater than reference temperature, the triple valve 42 of coolant circulation circuit 40 was switched to for the cooling fluid circuit that makes ANALYSIS OF COOLANT FLOW to radiator 43.On the contrary, as coolant temperature Tw during less than predetermined reference temperature, triple valve 42 is switched to for allowing cooling agent to walk around the cooling fluid circuit of radiator 43.Flowing of the cooling agent that obtains when coolant temperature Tw is equal to or greater than reference temperature represented by the dotted arrow among Fig. 4.
During cooling down operation, in heat pump cycle 10, flow into the indoor condenser 12 from the high-pressure refrigerant of compressor 11 discharging, and with the vehicle interior that blows from air blast 32 and the air exchange heat by indoor evaporator 20 with heat radiation.Because open/closed valve 15a opens, the high-pressure refrigerant that therefore flows from indoor condenser 12 flow into outdoor heat converter 16 via the bypass passageways 14 that is used for the fixed restriction device.Flow into low pressure refrigerant in the outdoor heat converter 16 further towards the extraneous air distribute heat that is blowed by blower fan 17.
Because triple valve 15b is switched to the refrigerant flowpath that is connected to the entrance side of the fixed restriction device 19 that cools off usefulness for the outlet side with outdoor heat converter 16, the cold-producing mediums that therefore flow from outdoor heat converter 16 are depressurized by the fixed restriction device 19 that cools off usefulness and expand.The cold-producing mediums that flow from the fixed restriction device 19 of cooling usefulness flow into the indoor evaporator 20, and from the absorption of air heat of the vehicle interior that blowed by air blast 32 to be evaporated.Like this, the air of vehicle interior can be cooled.
The cold-producing medium that flows from indoor evaporator 20 flow into the accumulator 18, then is separated into liquid and gas by accumulator.The vapor phase refrigerant of being separated by accumulator 18 is inhaled in the compressor 11 and by compressor 11 to be compressed again.As mentioned above, during cooling down operation, low pressure refrigerant is evaporated from the absorption of air heat of vehicle interior and in indoor evaporator 20, thereby cools off the air of vehicle interior, thereby can carry out the cooling of vehicle interior.
As mentioned above, the air conditioner for vehicle 1 in the present embodiment can carried out switching between the refrigerant flowpath of heat pump cycle 10 and between the cooling fluid circuit of coolant circulation circuit 40, thereby carries out various operations.Further, as described later, in the defrost operation of present embodiment, can effectively come outdoor heat converter 16 is defrosted with the used heat for the motor MG that advances.
More specifically, in the present embodiment, the heat radiation air duct 43b of the heat-absorption air passage 16b of outdoor heat converter 16 and radiator 43 is provided with the outer fin 50 made by identical metal material can carry out heat transmission between refrigerant pipe 16a and cooling fluid pipe 43a.Therefore, during defrost operation, heat contained in the cooling agent can be delivered to outdoor heat converter 16 via outer fin 50.
Therefore, compare via the circulation that air is delivered to the correlation technique of outdoor heat converter 16 with heat contained in the cooling agent wherein, present embodiment can suppress the loss in the heat transmission, therefore can effectively use the used heat be used to the motor MG that advances that outdoor heat converter 16 is defrosted.In addition, present embodiment can reduce the time of defrost operation.
During defrost operation, compare with the time before the defrost operation, the operation of compressor 11 stops, and the flow that flow into the cold-producing medium in the outdoor heat converter 16 reduces (particularly, be set to zero (0)), thus can prevent from being absorbed in the cold-producing medium that flows through refrigerant pipe 16a via the heat that outer fin 50 passes to outdoor heat converter 16.Therefore, during defrost operation, can more effectively come outdoor heat converter 16 is defrosted with the used heat for the motor MG that advances.
In other words, during defrost operation, the operation of compressor 11 is stopped to reduce the heating efficiency (in the present embodiment, not showing heating efficiency) for add hot-air at indoor condenser 12 places, thereby reduces the heat that cold-producing medium absorbs in outdoor heat converter 16.Therefore, in defrost operation, can more effectively use used heat be used to the motor MG that advances so that outdoor heat converter 16 is defrosted.
During defrost operation, the volume that the running of blower fan 17 is stopped to reduce to flow into the extraneous air among heat-absorption air passage 16b and the heat radiation air duct 43b (particularly, be set to zero (0)), thus can prevent from being absorbed in the extraneous air that flows through heat-absorption air passage 16b and heat radiation air duct 43b via the heat that outer fin 50 passes to outdoor heat converter 16.Therefore, in defrost operation, can more effectively use used heat be used to the motor MG that advances so that outdoor heat converter 16 is defrosted.
In the heat pump cycle 10 of present embodiment, in normal heating operating period, the triple valve 42 of coolant circulation circuit 40 is switched to for the permission cooling agent and walks around the cooling fluid circuit of radiator 43, thereby will be stored in the cooling agent for the contained heat of the motor MG that advances (heat of generation).Therefore, during defrost operation, can finish at short notice defrost operation by the heat that stores.
In the heat converter structure 70 of present embodiment, radiator 43 is arranged in the windward side of the flow direction X of the extraneous air that is blowed by blower fan 17 with respect to outdoor heat converter 16.In other words, in heat converter structure 70, outdoor heat converter 16 and radiator 43 arranged in series are so that extraneous air flow to outdoor heat converter 16 from radiator 43.
Therefore, heat contained in the cooling agent not only can be delivered to outdoor heat converter 16 via outer fin 50, but also can be delivered to outdoor heat converter 16 via air.Namely, even when blower fan 17 stops, heat contained in the cooling agent also can be delivered to outdoor heat converter 16 by the air pressure on the direct of travel of traveling vehicle (ram-air pressure) via the extraneous air by heat converter structure 70.Therefore, during defrost operation, can more effectively use the heat of supplying from the motor MG that is used for advancing that outdoor heat converter 16 is defrosted.
When car speed is equal to or less than with reference to car speed, and when the refrigerant temperature Te of the outlet side of outdoor heat converter 16 was equal to or less than 0 ℃, the frosting determination portion that is included in the air conditioning controller with function of present embodiment determined that frost is formed in the outdoor heat converter 16.Therefore, can consider suitably definite frosting of car speed.
That is, when vehicle when running at a low speed, ram-air pressure step-down and the volume that flow into the extraneous air in the engine room reduce.Therefore, each the volume of extraneous air that flow in outdoor heat converter 16 and the radiator 43 reduces.Therefore, in defrost operation, can prevent from being absorbed in the extraneous air via the heat that outer fin 50 passes to outdoor heat converter 16, thereby can realize effective defrosting.
Further, in the heat pump cycle 10 of present embodiment, when the coolant temperature Tw that is detected by coolant temperature sensor 52 is equal to or greater than reference temperature, by triple valve 42 being switched to for making cooling agent in the cooling fluid circuit that radiator 43 flows, carries out used heat and collect operation.Therefore, heat contained in the cooling agent is distributed by radiator 43, thus can prevent be used to the motor MG that advances overheated.
In addition, collect in the operation at used heat, the heat that is distributed by radiator 43 is delivered to outdoor heat converter 16, and can be absorbed in the cold-producing medium, thereby can improve the coefficient of performance (COP) of heat pump cycle 10, and therefore can effectively heat the air of vehicle interior.Therefore, can improve the heating properties of vehicle air conditioner 1.
In the present embodiment, triple valve 42 is switched to for making ANALYSIS OF COOLANT FLOW collect operation to the cooling fluid circuit of radiator 43 to carry out used heat according to 60 ℃ reference temperature.Can be by definite described reference temperatures such as heat exchange performance of outdoor heat converter 16 grades.
For example, when WW (g) is the weight of the cooling agent in the coolant circulation circuit 40, WG (g) is formed in the amount of the frost in the outdoor heat converter 16, TR (℃) be the temperature of the air that blows from outdoor heat converter 16, the store heat Qst that is stored in the cooling agent in the coolant circulation circuit 40 is represented by following formula F 1, and required heat (hereinafter to be referred as " defrosting the heat ") Qdf that is used for defrosting is represented by following formula F 2:
The specific heat of Qst=WW * cooling agent * (Tw-TR) ... (F1)
The latent heat of vaporization-the specific heat of water of Qdf=WG * water * TR+ outdoor heat converter 16 * thermal capacity * TR+ is dispersed into airborne heat ... (F2)
The heat Qst that wherein stores need to surpass defrosting heat Qdf to guarantee the defrosting of outdoor heat converter 16.
Further, it is not-time to be left in the basket when the thermal capacity of the outdoor heat converter 16 in the formula F 2 with when being dispersed into airborne heat, melts the white needed minimum defrosting heat Qdf2 that is formed on outdoor heat converter 16 places and is represented by following formula F 3:
The latent heat of vaporization-the specific heat of water of Qdf2=WG * water * TR ... (F3)
Therefore, in order to carry out defrosting, following at least formula F 4 must be satisfied:
Qst＞Qdf2…(F4)
Can produce following formula (F5) with formula (F1) with (F3) in the above formula of substitution (F4):
Tw＞TR+ (latent heat of vaporization-specific heat of water of WG * water * TR)/(specific heat of WW * cooling agent) ... (F5)
Therefore, the temperature T w that satisfies above formula F 5 can be confirmed as reference temperature.
In other words, the heat pump cycle of present embodiment comprises for detection of the coolant temperature test section (coolant temperature sensor 52) of the coolant temperature Tw of the cooling agent of the car-mounted device that flow into generation heat in operation (be used for advance motor MG) with for detection of the outdoor blow air temperature detecting part of the air themperature TR of the air that blows from outdoor heat converter 16.When the coolant temperature Tw that is detected by coolant temperature test section (coolant temperature sensor 52) and the air themperature TR that detected by outdoor blow air temperature detecting part satisfied following the relation, cooling fluid circuit switching device shifter (triple valve 42) can be carried out and switch to the switching that flow into the cooling fluid circuit of heat dissipation heat exchanger (radiator 43) for permission cooling fluid (cooling agent):
Tw＞TR+ (latent heat of vaporization-specific heat of water of WG * water * TR)/(specific heat of WW * cooling agent)
In the heat pump cycle 10 of present embodiment, during heating operation (heater operation), the flow direction of cold-producing medium of refrigerant pipe 16a that flows through outdoor heat converter 16 is identical with the flow direction of the cold-producing medium that flows through refrigerant pipe 16a during cooling down operation (cooler operation).When seeing from the flow direction of extraneous air, the position relationship between the heat exchange area of the heat exchange area of the refrigerant inlet side of outdoor heat converter 16 and the refrigerant outlet side of described outdoor heat converter 16 can not change between heating operation and cooling down operation.Therefore, the position relationship between the Temperature Distribution of the heat exchange area of the Temperature Distribution of the heat exchange area of outdoor heat converter 16 and heat dissipation heat exchanger 43 can not change.
That is, outdoor heat converter 16 and heat dissipation heat exchanger 43 are thought a heat converter structure 70 by macroscopic view.In this case, be used at outdoor heat converter 16 places during the cooling down operation of refrigerant loses heat, be used for making the heat exchange area of refrigerant inlet side of the outdoor heat converter 16 of the flow of refrigerant that under relatively high temperature, has the degree of superheat to overlap along the flow direction of extraneous air be used to the heat exchange area that makes cooling fluid in the cooling fluid inlet side of the heat dissipation heat exchanger 43 of relatively high temperature current downflow.Further, be used for making the heat exchange area of refrigerant outlet side of the outdoor heat converter 16 of the flow of refrigerant that under relatively low temperature, has the degree of superheat to overlap along the flow direction of extraneous air be used to the heat exchange area that makes cooling fluid at the cooling fluid outlet side of the heat dissipation heat exchanger 43 of relatively low temperature current downflow.By this layout, can make mobile parallel to realize effective heat exchange with cooling fluid by heat dissipation heat exchanger 43 of flowing of cold-producing medium by outdoor heat converter 16.
Further, at the heating operation that is used at outdoor heat converter 16 place's vaporized refrigerants, be used for cold-producing medium can be overlapped along the flow direction of extraneous air be used to the heat exchange area that makes cooling fluid in the cooling fluid inlet side of the heat dissipation heat exchanger 43 of relatively high temperature current downflow in the heat exchange area of the refrigerant inlet side of the outdoor heat converter 16 of relatively low temperature current downflow.Therefore, can prevent effectively that frost is formed on the heat exchange area for the refrigerant inlet side of the outdoor heat converter 16 that allows cold-producing medium to pass through in relatively low temperature current downflow.
The second embodiment
Different from the first embodiment, in the present embodiment, shown in the overall structure schematic diagram of Fig. 6, indoor condenser 12 is removed, and brine loop 60 is configured to for circulating brine, that is, and and as the example that adds hot fluid.Fig. 6 is the overall structure schematic diagram that shows in the present embodiment during heating operation refrigerant flowpath etc., and wherein flowing of the cold-producing medium in the heat pump cycle 10 represented by solid line, and flowing of the cooling agent in the coolant circulation circuit 40 represented by dotted arrow.
In Fig. 6, the parts identical or equivalent with the parts of the first embodiment are represented by identical Reference numeral.To following other accompanying drawing too.
Salt solution in the present embodiment be for the heat transferred that will comprise from the cold-producing medium of compressor 11 discharging be blown into vehicle interior air add hot fluid.Be similar to the cooling agent as cooling fluid, can use glycol water.Brine loop 60 comprises brine pump 61, salt solution-refrigerant heat exchanger 62 and heater core 63.
Brine pump 61 is the electrodynamic pumps for the heater core 63 that salt solution is forced into salt solution-refrigerant heat exchanger 62.Brine pump 61 has the basic structure identical with the basic structure of the cooling medium pump 41 of coolant circulation circuit 40.Salt solution-refrigerant heat exchanger 62 is for discharging and flowing through the cold-producing medium of coolant channel 62b and flow through the heat exchanger that carries out heat exchange between the salt solution of salt aquaporin 62a from compressor 11.
Particularly, salt solution-refrigerant heat exchanger 62 can adopt the double-tube type heat converter structure, and described double-tube type heat converter structure is by the outer tube that forms salt aquaporin 62a and be arranged on the inner tube that is used to form coolant channel 62b in the outer tube and consist of.Alternatively, coolant channel 62b can form outer tube, and salt aquaporin 62a can form inner tube.Form the refrigerant pipe of coolant channel 62b and the refrigerant pipe of formation salt aquaporin 62a and can pass through soldered joint together to form heat exchange structure etc.
Heater core 63 is arranged in the housing 31 of room air regulon 30 of vehicle air conditioner 1.Heater core 63 is heat exchangers of heating usefulness, and described heat exchanger is by the salt solution of described heat exchanger and passed through heat-shift between the vehicle interior air of indoor evaporator 20.Therefore, the heater core of present embodiment 63 is as user's side heat exchanger, and this is identical with indoor condenser 12.The structure of other parts among the structure of other parts of present embodiment and operation and the first embodiment and operate identical.
Therefore, in addition the operation of the vehicle air conditioner 1 of present embodiment the effect identical with the vehicle air conditioner of the first embodiment can be provided.Further, because brine loop 60 is provided in the present embodiment, therefore can extrude the heating efficiency that ability is easily regulated heater core 63 by the cooling agent that changes brine pump 61.
Be similar to cooling agent, in normal heating operating period, the salt solution in the brine pump 61 can also store contained heat from the cold-producing medium of compressor 11 dischargings.Therefore, even when compressor in defrost operation 11 stops, brine pump 61 also can operate to carry out the auxiliary heating operation of vehicle interior.
The 3rd embodiment
The heat pump cycle 10 that is different from the first embodiment, shown in the overall structure schematic diagram of Fig. 7, in the present embodiment, increase outdoor unit bypass passageways 64 to allow walking around outdoor heat converter 16 from the fixed restriction device 13 of heating usefulness or for the bypass passageways 14 mobile cold-producing mediums of fixed restriction device.In addition, further increase open/closed valve 15c to open and close outdoor unit bypass passageways 64.
Fig. 7 shows in the present embodiment overall structure schematic diagram of refrigerant flowpath during defrost operation, and wherein flowing of the cold-producing medium in the heat pump cycle 10 represented by solid line, and flowing of the cooling agent in the coolant circulation circuit 40 represented by dotted arrow.
Open/closed valve 15c has and is arranged on for the identical basic structure of the basic structure of the open/closed valve 15a of the bypass passageways 14 of fixed restriction device.The pressure loss that produces in the cold-producing medium by open/closed valve 15c when open/closed valve 15c opens is more much smaller than the pressure loss that produces in cold-producing medium during by outdoor heat converter 16 when cold-producing medium.
Therefore, when open/closed valve 15c opens, flow into outdoor unit bypass passageways 64 from the fixed restriction device 13 that heats usefulness or the bypass passageways 14 mobile most of cold-producing mediums that are used for the fixed restriction device, and almost do not flow in the outdoor heat converter 16.
In the present embodiment, in defrost operation, air conditioning controller with function is opened open/closed valve 15c in the situation of the running that does not stop compressor 11, and in other operator scheme, open/closed valve 15c closes.Therefore, during defrost operation, the flow that flow into the cold-producing medium in the outdoor heat converter 16 reduces.The structure of other parts among the structure of other parts in the present embodiment and operation and the first embodiment and operate identical.
Therefore, in addition the operation of the vehicle air conditioner 1 of present embodiment the effect identical with the vehicle air conditioner of the first embodiment also can be provided.Further, since in the present embodiment compressor 11 operate in defrost operation during do not stop, therefore indoor condenser 12 can utilize that contained calorimeter reveals the air heat ability from the cold-producing medium of compressor 11 dischargings, thereby carries out the heating operation of vehicle interior.
At this moment, in defrost operation, the flow direction of the cold-producing medium of the refrigerant pipe 16a by outdoor heat converter 16 is identical with the flow direction in the heating operation (normal operating), thereby can promptly be transformed into defrost operation from normal operating, or is transformed into normal operating from defrost operation.Therefore, can further reduce defrosting time.
Flow direction from extraneous air, positioning relation between the heat exchange area of the heat exchange area of the refrigerant inlet side of outdoor heat converter 16 and the refrigerant outlet side of outdoor heat converter 16 can not change with respect to the heat exchange area of radiator 43, thus can suppress to flow through outdoor heat converter 16 refrigerant pipe 16a cold-producing medium and flow through amount that the heat between the cooling fluid of cooling fluid pipe 43a of radiator 43 transmits than great fluctuation process.
Namely, in correlation technique, when between the cooling fluid pipe 43a of the refrigerant pipe 16a of outdoor heat converter 16 and radiator 43, carrying out heat exchange via outer fin 50, whole cold-producing medium in the outdoor heat converter 16 flow with radiator 43 in the flowing of whole cooling agent between relation may from opposite become parallel, perhaps from the changeabout that walks abreast.Yet present embodiment can be avoided this situation.
Therefore, the amount that heat between the cooling fluid that the heat pump cycle of present embodiment can suppress to flow through the cold-producing medium of refrigerant pipe 16a and flow through cooling fluid pipe 43a is transmitted than great fluctuation process, thereby improve the flexibility of the design of outdoor heat converter 16 and radiator 43.
The 4th embodiment
Present embodiment has the loop structure roughly the same with the loop structure of the heat pump cycle 10 of the 3rd embodiment, but has the control form of different air conditioning controller with functions in defrost operation, and this will be described in following mode with example.
Particularly, in the present embodiment, during defrost operation, air conditioning controller with function is opened open/closed valve 15a and open/closed valve 15c in the situation of the running that does not stop compressor 11, and triple valve 15b is switched to the refrigerant flowpath that is connected to the entrance side of the fixed restriction device 19 that cools off usefulness for the outlet side (particularly, the outlet side of outdoor unit bypass passageways 64) with outdoor heat converter 16.
Therefore, in the present embodiment, in defrost operation, as shown in Figure 8, heat pump cycle 10 is switched to for the in the following order circulation of circulating refrigerant: from compressor 11, to fixed restriction device 19, indoor evaporator 20, accumulator 18 and the compressor 11 of indoor condenser 12 (outdoor unit bypass passageways 64), cooling usefulness.
The cold-producing medium that flows from the fixed restriction device 19 of cooling usefulness when indoor evaporator 20 evaporation from the absorption of air latent heat of vaporization, so that air can be cooled.Then, when from the cold-producing medium of compressor 11 discharging during at indoor condenser 12 distribute heat, cooling-air is reheated.The structure of other parts among the structure of other parts in the present embodiment and operation and the first embodiment and operate identical.
Therefore, in addition the operation of the vehicle air conditioner 1 of present embodiment the effect identical with the vehicle air conditioner of the 3rd embodiment can be provided.Further, in the present embodiment, by at indoor evaporator 20 place's vaporized refrigerants and cooled air can be heated by indoor condenser 12 again, thereby can realize defrosting and the heating of vehicle interior in defrost operation.
The 5th embodiment
Different from the heat pump cycle 10 of the first embodiment, shown in the overall structure schematic diagram of Fig. 9, in the present embodiment, in the mode of example, increase shutoff device (passage interrupting device) and be used to open or close for making extraneous air flow into the inflow path of radiator 43.Fig. 9 is the overall structure schematic diagram that shows refrigerant flowpath in the defrost operation of present embodiment etc., and wherein flowing of the cold-producing medium in the heat pump cycle 10 represented by solid line, and flowing of the cooling agent in the coolant circulation circuit 40 represented by dotted arrow.
Particularly, shutoff device 65 forms by merging a plurality of cantilever door-plates.Shutoff device 65 is designed to by door-plate is being opened from the upper in-migration of direction that flows of the air of blower fan 17 for making extraneous air flow into the inflow path of radiator 43, and by door-plate cuts out for making extraneous air flow into the inflow path of radiator 43 from the upper in-migration of the direction of the air stream of blower fan 17 in crosscut.
Radiator 43 is positioned at the windward side of the flow direction X of the extraneous air that is blowed by blower fan 17 with respect to outdoor heat converter 16.Shutoff device 65 cuts out for making extraneous air flow into the inflow path of radiator 43, is used for making extraneous air flow into the inflow path of outdoor heat converter 16 thereby stop up.
Shutoff device 65 can be made of sliding door etc.Shutoff device 65 is driven by the servomotor (not shown), and the operation of wherein said servomotor is by the control signal control from air conditioning controller with function output.
In the present embodiment, in defrost operation, shutoff device 65 is operated to cut out for making extraneous air flow into the inflow path of radiator 43, and in other operator scheme, shutoff device 65 is operated to open for making extraneous air flow into the inflow path of radiator 43.Therefore, during defrost operation, the volume that flow into the extraneous air among heat-absorption air passage 16b and the heat radiation air duct 43b reduces.The structure of other parts among the structure of other parts in the present embodiment and operation and the first embodiment and operate identical.
Therefore, in addition the operation of the vehicle air conditioner 1 of present embodiment the effect identical with the vehicle air conditioner of the first embodiment can be provided.Further, in the present embodiment, shutoff device 65 is operated to cut out for making extraneous air flow into the access path of radiator 43 during defrost operation, and this can prevent because the ram-air pressure extraneous air of vehicle during advancing flow among heat-absorption air passage 16b and the heat radiation air duct 43b.
The 6th embodiment
In the present embodiment, different from the first embodiment, the ad hoc structure of heat converter structure 70 is modified, and this will describe in following mode with example.Below use Figure 10-13 to describe the details of heat converter structure 70.Figure 10 shows the perspective view of profile of the heat converter structure 70 of present embodiment.Figure 11 is the decomposition diagram of heat converter structure 70.Figure 12 is the cross-sectional view that intercepts along the line A-A among Figure 10.Figure 13 is the exemplary perspective view that flows for the mobile and cooling agent of the cold-producing medium of explanation heat converter structure 70.
At first, shown in the decomposition diagram of Figure 11, in the heat converter structure 70 of present embodiment, on the flow direction X of the extraneous air that is blowed by blower fan 17, the refrigerant pipe 16a of outdoor heat converter 16 is arranged to two row, and the cooling fluid pipe 43a of radiator 43 also is arranged to two row.Further, refrigerant pipe 16a and cooling fluid pipe 43a are alternately arranged with each other and are stacked.
Therefore, in the present embodiment, heat-absorption air passage 16b and heat radiation air duct 43b form a space.The outer fin 50 identical with the outer fin of the first embodiment is arranged among the heat-absorption air passage 16b and heat radiation air duct 43b that forms a space, and corresponding outer fin 50 joins pipe 16a and 43a to.
One distolateral (lower end side shown in Figure 10-13) on the longitudinal direction of refrigerant pipe 16a and cooling fluid pipe 43a arranges refrigerant side header tank 16c to be used for collecting or distributing the cold-producing medium that flows through refrigerant pipe 16a.In a longitudinal direction another distolateral (upper end side shown in Figure 10-13) arranges cool stream side header tank 43c, to be used for collecting or distributing the cold-producing medium that flows through for the pipe 43a of cooling fluid.
Refrigerant side header tank 16c has identical basic structure with cool stream side header tank 43c.At first, refrigerant side header tank 16c comprises be used to the cold-producing medium side plate 161 that is connected to the refrigerant pipe 16a that is arranged to respectively two row and cooling fluid pipe 43a and refrigerant side intermediate plate 162 and the refrigerant side header tank 163 that will be fixed to refrigerant side connecting plate 161.
Shown in the cross-sectional view of Figure 12, refrigerant side intermediate plate 162 is fixed to refrigerant side connecting plate 161 to form a plurality of recess 162b between refrigerant side connecting plate 161 and refrigerant side intermediate plate 162 itself, and described a plurality of recesses form a plurality of spaces that are communicated with cooling fluid pipe 43a.These spaces are with the connected space that is used for cooling fluid that acts on the cooling fluid pipe 43a that is arranged to two row on the flow direction X that makes air externally and connect and be connected together.
Figure 12 shows that recess 432 cross section on every side that is arranged in the cool stream side intermediate plate 432 is clearly to illustrate.As mentioned above, because refrigerant side header tank 16c has the basic structure identical with the basic structure of cool stream side header tank 43c, so refrigerant side connecting plate 161 and recess 162b are illustrated in bracket.
Through hole 162a is arranged on the part corresponding with refrigerant pipe 16a of refrigerant side intermediate plate 162 and sentences the both sides of passing refrigerant side intermediate plate 162.Refrigerant pipe 16a inserts in the through hole.Therefore, on the end of refrigerant side header tank 16c, 43a compares with the cooling fluid pipe, and refrigerant pipe 16a is outstanding towards refrigerant side header tank 16c.
Refrigerant side header tank 163 is fixed to refrigerant side connecting plate 161 and the allocation space 163b of refrigerant side intermediate plate 162 to be formed for the collecting collection space 163a of cold-producing medium within it and to be used for the assignment system cryogen.Two mountains shape shape (W shape shape) when particularly, refrigerant side header tank 163 is observed in a longitudinal direction by metallic plate is struck out forms.
The center of two mountains shape shape of refrigerant side header tank 163 joins refrigerant side intermediate plate 162 to so that header tank 163 participates among collection space 163a and the allocation space 163b.In the present embodiment, collection space 163a is arranged on the windward side of flow direction X of extraneous air, and allocation space 163b is arranged on the leeward side of the flow direction X of extraneous air.
Refrigerant side header tank 163 end along the longitudinal direction is connected to for making cold-producing medium flow into the cold-producing medium inflow pipe 164 of allocation space 163b, and is connected to be used to the cold-producing medium effuser 165 that cold-producing medium is flowed out from collection space 163a.Refrigerant side header tank 163 another end along the longitudinal direction is closed member and closes.
On the other hand, the cool stream side header tank 43c that has an aforesaid same structure also comprises cooling fluid side connecting plate 431, is fixed to cool stream side intermediate plate 432 and the cool stream side header tank 433 of cooling fluid side connecting plate 431.
Shown in the cross-sectional view as shown in figure 12, externally the upper cold-producing medium connected space that two row refrigerant pipe 16a are connected together of the flow direction X of air is formed by the recess 432b in the cool stream side intermediate plate 432 that is arranged between cooling fluid side connecting plate 431 and the cool stream side intermediate plate 432.
Through hole 432a is arranged on the part corresponding with cooling fluid pipe 43a of cool stream side intermediate plate 432 and sentences the both sides of passing cool stream side intermediate plate 432.Cooling fluid pipe 43a inserts in the through hole.Therefore, in the side of cool stream side header tank 43c, 16a compares with refrigerant pipe, and cooling fluid pipe 43a is outstanding towards cool stream side header tank 43c.
Further, cool stream side header tank 433 is fixed to cooling fluid side connecting plate 431 and the allocation space 433b of cool stream side intermediate plate 432 to be formed for collecting the therein collection space 433a of cooling medium and to be used for distributing cooling medium.Particularly, in the present embodiment, allocation space 433b is arranged on the windward side of the flow direction X of extraneous air, and collection space 433a is arranged on the leeward side of the flow direction X of extraneous air.
An end in a longitudinal direction of cool stream side header tank 433 is connected to for the cooling fluid that makes cooling fluid flow into allocation space 433b and flows into pipe 434, and is connected to be used to making cooling fluid flow out pipe 435 from the cooling fluid that collection space 433a flows out.The cool stream side header tank 43c other end is in a longitudinal direction closed by enclosed member.
Therefore, in the heat converter structure 70 of present embodiment, shown in the exemplary perspective view of Figure 13, flow into cold-producing medium among the allocation space 163b of refrigerant side header tank 16c via cold-producing medium inflow pipe 164 and flow at the flow direction X that is arranged to the extraneous air between the refrigerant pipe 16a of two row and be arranged among each refrigerant pipe 16a of leeward side.
In addition, the cold-producing medium that flows out from each the refrigerant pipe 16a that is arranged on leeward side flow into along the flow direction X of extraneous air via the space that forms between the cooling fluid side connecting plate 431 that is formed on cool stream side header tank 43c and the cool stream side intermediate plate 432 and is arranged on each refrigerant pipe 16a of windward side.
Then, as by shown in the solid arrow among Figure 13, the cold-producing medium that flows out from the refrigerant pipe 16a that is arranged on windward side is collected into the collection space 163a of refrigerant side header tank 16c, then flows out from refrigerant outlet pipe 165.That is, in the heat converter structure 70 of present embodiment, the refrigerant pipe 16a of cold-producing medium from the refrigerant pipe 16a of leeward side to cool stream side header tank 43c and windward side be flow divert in order.
Similarly, as by shown in the dotted arrow among Figure 13, cooling fluid is the cooling fluid pipe 43a of side from the cooling fluid pipe 43a flow divert of windward side to refrigerant side header tank 16c and against the wind in order.The structure of other parts in the present embodiment is identical with operation with the structure of other parts of the first embodiment with operation.Even the operation of the car air-conditioner 1 of present embodiment can provide the effect identical with the operation of the car air-conditioner of the first embodiment.
Further, in the present embodiment, the refrigerant pipe 16a in heat converter structure 70 and cooling fluid pipe 43a alternately arrange and are stacked, so that can effectively defrost to outdoor heat converter 16 during defrost operation.
That is, in the heat converter structure 70 of present embodiment, refrigerant pipe 16a is arranged between the cooling fluid pipe 43a, and cooling fluid pipe 43a is arranged between the refrigerant pipe 16a, and heat-absorption air passage 16b and heat radiation air duct 43b form an air duct by this.
Compare with respect to the situation of the flow direction X series connection setting of extraneous air with radiator 43 and outdoor heat converter 16, in the present embodiment, the pipe 43ab and the refrigerant pipe 16a that are used for cooling fluid can be arranged to close to each other.Therefore, cooling fluid pipe 43a can be positioned adjacent to the frost that produces among the refrigerant pipe 16a.Therefore, in defrost operation, can effectively defrost to outdoor heat converter 16.The heat converter structure 70 of present embodiment can be applied to the heat pump cycle 10 of the second to the 5th embodiment.
The 7th embodiment
In above the first embodiment, in the mode of example, air conditioning controller with function stops the running of compressor 11 during defrost operation.If compressor 11 operate at defrost operation during stop, then indoor condenser 12 can not add hot-air.Therefore, controller may blow the air with temperature lower than the temperature of the expectation of the passenger in the vehicle.Defrost operation Once you begin, it is dissatisfied to heating that the passenger may feel.
On the contrary, in the present embodiment, even in the time in defrost operation, can not adding hot-air by indoor condenser 12, also can carry out vehicle interior interlock control to suppress the loss to passenger's heating.Below use the flow chart description interlock control shown in Figure 14-17.
Figure 14 is the flow chart that shows the basic control flow of vehicle interior interlock control.Basic control flow is performed as the subprogram of the interrupt procedure of the main program of being carried out by vehicle air conditioner 1.When not becoming 1 in defrosting sign deffg that defrost operation is carried out in expression is being appointed as scheduled time of time of implementation of basic control flow, operation turns back to main program.
In the step S100 of basic control flow, carry out the defrosting deterministic process to determine whether frost is formed on outdoor heat converter 16 places and whether carries out defrosting.Below use Figure 15 to describe the details of defrosting deterministic process.In the step S101 of Figure 15, defrosting sign deffg etc. is initialised.
Subsequently, in step S102, determine whether frost is formed on outdoor heat converter 16 places.Particularly, when the temperature of the outer surface of heat exchanger 16 is determined to be equivalent to or during less than 0 ℃, determines that frost forms, then operation proceeds to step S103, and deffg remains 1 (deffg=1).On the contrary, when the temperature of the outer surface of outdoor heat converter 16 is confirmed as being not equal to or during less than 0 ℃, determines to form frost, then, operation turns back to step S102 again, and deffg remains zero (deffg=0).
In step S103, determine whether engine turns round.When determining engine running in step S103, deffg remains 1 (deffg=1), and operation proceeds to step S104.When definite engine did not turn round, the air conditioning pattern shown in the step S200 that proceeds to Figure 14 that operates changed control.
In step S104, be similar to step S102, determine whether frost is formed on the outdoor heat converter place.Particularly, when the temperature of the outer surface of outdoor heat converter 16 is determined to be equivalent to or during less than 0 ℃, determines that frost forms, then operation proceeds to step S105, and deffg remains 1 (deffg=1).When the temperature of the outer surface of outdoor heat converter 16 is confirmed as being not equal to or during less than 0 ℃, determines to form frost, then operation turns back to step S102 again.
In step S105, determine whether coolant temperature Tw reaches predetermined defrosting reference temperature KTwdef.In step S105, when coolant temperature Tw is confirmed as reaching predetermined defrosting reference temperature KTwdef (in the present embodiment, 10 ℃) time, can come in the radiator 43 outdoor heat converter 16 is defrosted by cooling agent is flowed into, then operation proceeds to step S106, and deffg remains 1 (deffg=1).
In step S105, when coolant temperature Tw was confirmed as not reaching predetermined defrosting reference temperature KTwdef, even cooling agent flows in the radiator 43, outdoor heat converter 16 can not be defrosted, and then operation turns back to step S102 again.
In step S106, determine whether Inside Air Temperature (temperature of the vehicle interior) Tr that is detected by the inner air sensor is equal to or greater than predetermined reference Inside Air Temperature KTr (15 ℃ in the present embodiment).In step S106, when Inside Air Temperature Tr is determined when being equal to or greater than with reference to Inside Air Temperature KTr, enough heat is not so that general passenger can feel cold and dissatisfied (being designated hereinafter simply as " preheat mode ") to the temperature of vehicle interior, and then operation proceeds to step S107 and deffg remains 1 (deffg=1).
In step S106, when Inside Air Temperature Tr is confirmed as being not equal to or during greater than reference Inside Air Temperature KTr, Inside Air Temperature Tr until preheat mode just can increase.For the heating that makes vehicle interior has precedence over defrost operation, operation turns back to step S102 again.
In step S107, whether the car speed during determining to advance is equal to or less than the predetermined reference car speed (in the present embodiment, 20km/h).In step S107, when car speed is determined to be equivalent to or during less than the predetermined reference car speed, is similar to the first embodiment, can effectively carry out defrosting with the reduction of ram-air pressure.Then, the air conditioning pattern shown in the step S200 that proceeds to Figure 14 that operates changes control, and deffg remains 1 (deffg=1).
As finding out from the above description, the control step S100 of present embodiment is as the control part that has for the frosting determination portion of the frosting of determining outdoor heat converter 16.More specifically, control step S102 and S104 are as the frosting determination portion.
Then, below use Figure 16 to describe the air conditioning pattern that in step S200, to carry out and change control.When in step S100, determining that by the defrosting deterministic process defrosting sign deffg is 1, carry out the air conditioning pattern and change control.
In step S201, at first, determine to output to the control signal of the motor of compressor 11, so that compressor 11 can not show the cold-producing medium discharge capacity, that is, so that compressor 11 stops.In following steps S202, determine to output to the control signal of air blast 32, so that the blowability of air blast 32 reduces the reservation capability value from existing ability.
In following steps S203, the suction ports pattern is set to the inner air pattern.That is, compare with the state before being converted to defrost operation, inner air increases with the introducing ratio of extraneous air.In step S204, the air outlet slit pattern is set to foot's pattern.That is, carry out and to switch to for mainly from the switching of the pattern of foot's air outlet slit blow air.Then, operate the defrosting shown in the step S300 that proceeds to Figure 14 and begin to finish control.
Below use Figure 17 to be described in the defrosting of carrying out among the step S300 and begin to finish control.In step S301, at first, described in the first embodiment, the triple valve 42 of coolant circulation circuit 40 is switched, so that cooling agent flows in the radiator 43.Further, the cooling agent extrusion ability of cooling medium pump 41 is maximized, and timer activated, and then operation proceeds to step S302.
In step S302, whether the car speed during determining to advance is equal to or less than the predetermined reference car speed (in the present embodiment, 20km/h).When in step S302, determining that car speed is equal to or less than with reference to car speed, can obtain effective defrosting, then operation proceeds to step S303.Be not equal to or during less than the reference car speed, can not carry out effective defrosting when car speed is determined, then operation proceeds to step S304.
In step S303, use the timer that in step S301, activates to determine whether the elapsed time of defrost operation surpasses the predetermined reference defrosting time.When the elapsed time of determining defrost operation surpassed with reference to defrosting time, operation proceeded to step S304.In step S304, at this moment, triple valve 42 is switched so that cooling agent flows in the bypass passageways 44.
Then, the cooling agent extrusion ability of cooling medium pump 41 is changed to become the extrusion ability identical with beginning defrost operation extrusion ability before, and timer is reset.After this, operate the air conditioning pattern shown in the step S400 that proceeds to Figure 14 and return control.Air conditioning pattern in step S400 is returned in the control, and the ability that blows of air blast 32, suction ports pattern and air outlet slit pattern are returned to the level identical with defrost operation level before.Then, operation proceeds to step S500.
In step S500, determine whether to ask stopping of Vehicular system.When not requiring the stop vehicle system, operation proceeds to step S100.When requiring the stop vehicle system, control procedure stops.The structure of other parts of present embodiment is identical with operation with the structure of other parts of the first embodiment with operation.
Therefore, present embodiment can obtain the effect identical with the effect of the first embodiment.In addition, in the present embodiment, even when air conditioning controller with function stops the operation of compressor 11, and indoor condenser 12 also can be carried out above vehicle interior interlock control to prevent that the passenger from feeling dissatisfied to heating can not show heating efficiency during defrost operation the time.
That is, in the present embodiment, described in control step S106, after obtaining preheat mode, carry out defrost operation, thereby can prevent that the passenger from feeling dissatisfied to heating.As control described in the step S203, during defrost operation, the suction ports pattern is changed to the inner air pattern.Inner air with temperature higher than extraneous air is recycled and blows, thereby can also prevent that the passenger from feeling dissatisfied to heating.
As control described in the step S202, the ability that blows of air blast 32 reduces in defrost operation, thereby even when the temperature of the air in being blown into the compartment reduces, can prevent that also the passenger from feeling dissatisfied to heating.At this moment, described in control step S204, the air outlet slit pattern is set to the step pattern, thereby compares with the situation that air is blown to passenger's face, can prevent effectively that the passenger from feeling dissatisfied to heating.
As finding out from the above description, present embodiment can be counted as the example that heat pump cycle 10 is applied to vehicle air conditioner 1.
That is, present embodiment comprises a kind of heat pump cycle on the one hand, and described heat pump cycle has: the compressor that is used for compression and refrigerant emission; User's side heat exchanger (indoor condenser 12) is used for from the cold-producing medium of compressor discharge and be blown into heat-shift between the air of vehicle interior; Decompressor (the fixed restriction device 13 of heating usefulness) is used for the cold-producing medium decompression to flowing out from user's side heat exchanger; Outdoor heat converter is used for allowing being depressurized the cold-producing medium of device decompression and extraneous air heat-shift to evaporate described cold-producing medium; Heat dissipation heat exchanger (radiator 43), described heat dissipation heat exchanger is arranged on for making cooling produce in operation the cooling fluid closed circuit of cooling fluid circulation of the car-mounted device (be used for advance motor MG) of heat, and is suitable between cooling fluid and extraneous air heat-shift to distribute the heat from cooling fluid; Cooling fluid circuit, be used for making cooling fluid flow into heat dissipation heat exchanger (43), and cooling fluid circuit switching device shifter (42), be used for execution and switch to the switching that allows cooling fluid to walk around another cooling fluid circuit of heat dissipation heat exchanger (43).Present embodiment also comprises: for detection of the Inside Air Temperature test section of the Inside Air Temperature in the vehicle interior; Frosting determination portion with the frosting that is used for definite outdoor heat converter place.Outdoor heat converter comprises be used to the refrigerant pipe that makes the flow of refrigerant that is depressurized the device decompression.Be used for making the heat-absorption air passage of flow of external air to form around refrigerant pipe.Heat dissipation heat exchanger comprises be used to the cooling fluid pipe that cooling fluid is flowed.Be used for making the heat radiation air duct of flow of external air to form around the pipe that is used for cooling fluid.The air duct that is used for the air duct of heat absorption and is used for dispelling the heat is provided with outer fin, and described outer fin can be implemented in the heat transmission between refrigerant pipe and the cooling fluid pipe, promotes simultaneously two heat exchanges between the heat exchanger.When determining that by the frosting determination portion frost is formed on the outdoor heat converter place, and when the Inside Air Temperature Tr of vehicle interior was equal to or greater than predetermined reference Inside Air Temperature KTr, then the cooling fluid circuit switching device shifter can be carried out and switch to be used to making the mobile switching of arriving the cooling fluid circuit of heat dissipation heat exchanger of cooling fluid.
Present embodiment comprises above heat pump cycle on the other hand, be used for to determine the frosting determination portion of frosting of outdoor heat converter and the housing that is used for holding therein user's side heat exchanger and is used to form air duct.Inner/outer air switching device shifter (inner/outer air switch 33) is arranged in the housing to change the introducing ratio of the inner air that will be introduced in the housing and extraneous air.When determining by the frosting determination portion to form frost in outdoor heat converter, the cooling fluid circuit switching device shifter is carried out and is switched to be used to making the mobile switching of arriving the cooling fluid circuit of heat dissipation heat exchanger of cooling fluid.When determining by the frosting determination portion in outdoor heat converter to form frost, be transformed into defrost operation before compare, inner/outer air switching device shifter can increase the introducing ratio of inner air and extraneous air.
Present embodiment comprises above heat pump cycle on the other hand, be used for to determine the frosting determination portion of frosting of outdoor heat converter and the housing that is used for holding therein user's side heat exchanger and is used to form air duct.The air outlet slit mode-changeover device is arranged in the housing to switch in the air outlet slit pattern by changing for the opening/closing state of a plurality of air outlet slits that air are blown into vehicle interior.As air outlet slit, foot's air outlet slit is arranged for air is blowed towards passenger's foot at least.When determining to form frost at the outdoor heat converter place by the frosting determination portion, the cooling fluid circuit switching device shifter is carried out and is switched to be used to cooling fluid is flowed to the switching of the cooling fluid circuit of heat dissipation heat exchanger.When determining to form frost at the outdoor heat converter place by the frosting determination portion, the air outlet slit mode-changeover device can be carried out the switching that switches to for from the air outlet slit pattern of foot's air outlet slit blow air.
Present embodiment comprises above heat pump cycle on the other hand, be used for determining in the frosting at outdoor heat converter place the frosting determination portion, be used for holding therein user's side heat exchanger and being used to form the housing of air duct and being arranged on housing with the blowing device (for example, air blast 32) towards the vehicle interior blow air.When determining to form frost at the outdoor heat converter place by the frosting determination portion, the cooling fluid circuit switching device shifter is carried out and is switched to for making cooling fluid flow into the switching of the cooling fluid circuit of heat dissipation heat exchanger.When determining that by the frosting determination portion externally the heat exchanger place forms frost, to determine to compare before with frosting, blowing plant can reduce it and blow ability.
The comprising on the other hand above heat pump cycle and be used for to determine the frosting determination portion of the frosting of outdoor heat converter of present embodiment.When the car speed of traveling vehicle is equal to or less than the predetermined reference car speed, and the refrigerant temperature of the outlet side of outdoor heat converter determines that frost is formed on the outdoor heat converter place when being equal to or less than 0 ℃.When determining that by the frosting determination portion frost is formed on the outdoor heat converter place, the cooling fluid circuit switching device shifter can be carried out and switch to be used to making the mobile switching of arriving the cooling fluid circuit of heat dissipation heat exchanger of cooling fluid.
The 8th embodiment
Although in the above first and the 7th embodiment, mode with example, compressor 11 operate at defrost operation during be stopped, but in present embodiment shown in Figure 180, the loop structure of heat pump cycle 10 is changed to realize the heating of vehicle interior, carries out simultaneously the defrost operation of the 3rd embodiment that the mode with example that is similar to provides.Figure 18 be in the present embodiment corresponding with Fig. 2 of the first embodiment during defrost operation the overall structure schematic diagram of heat pump cycle 10.
Particularly, the difference of present embodiment and the first embodiment is: adopt the variable throttling device thereof 83 that is used for heating, described variable throttling device thereof 83 can change the opening degree as the throttling arrangement that is used for heating operation of decompressor.The variable throttling device thereof 83 that is used for heating comprises the valve body that the throttling opening degree is variable and the electric actuator for the throttling opening degree that changes valve body that is made of stepper motor.The operation of variable throttling device thereof 83 is by the control signal control from air conditioning controller with function output.
In the present embodiment, air conditioning controller with function is collected in the operation and will be controlled to the prodefined opening degree for the valve opening degree of the variable throttling device thereof 83 that heats at heating operation and used heat, and collect operation with heating operation and used heat and compare, in defrost operation, increase the valve opening degree of the variable flow device 83 that is used for heating.Therefore, compare before with defrost operation, in defrost operation, the high-pressure refrigerant with higher temperature that discharges from compressor 11 is easy to flow into the outdoor heat converter 16.
The structure of other parts of present embodiment is identical with operation with the structure of other parts of the first embodiment with operation.Therefore, in the vehicle air conditioner 1 of present embodiment, the throttling opening degree that is used for the variable throttling device thereof 83 of heating increases at defrost operation, so that the high-pressure refrigerant under the high temperature can flow in the outdoor heat converter 16, thereby promotes the defrosting of outdoor heat converter 16.Further, during defrost operation, the heating efficiency that is used for adding the indoor condenser 12 of hot-air can be shown to carry out the heating to vehicle interior.
When from the flow direction of extraneous air, be similar to the 3rd embodiment, position relationship between the heat exchange area of the heat exchange area of the refrigerant inlet side of outdoor heat converter 16 and the refrigerant outlet side of outdoor heat converter 16 does not change with respect to the heat exchanger zone of radiator 43, thus the amount that the heat between the cooling fluid that can suppress to flow through the cold-producing medium of refrigerant pipe 16a and flow through cooling fluid pipe 43a is transmitted than great fluctuation process.
The 9th embodiment
Shown in the overall structure schematic diagram of Figure 19, in the present embodiment, the loop structure of heat pump cycle 10 is changed to realize the heating of vehicle interior, carries out simultaneously the defrost operation of the 8th embodiment that the mode with example that is similar to provides.Figure 19 is the overall structure schematic diagram of corresponding with Fig. 2 of the first embodiment heat pump cycle in defrost operation 10 according to present embodiment.
Particularly, the difference of present embodiment and the first embodiment is to increase and flows out flow control valve 84 to regulate from the outflow flow of the cold-producing medium of outdoor heat converter 16 outflows.Flow out flow control valve 84 and have the basic structure identical with the basic structure of the variable throttling device thereof 83 that is used for heating of the 8th embodiment, and therefore form one with the refrigerant outlet of outdoor heat converter 16.
In the present embodiment, air conditioning controller with function is collected at heating operation, used heat and is opened the valve opening degree that flows out flow control valve 84 in operation and the cooling down operation fully, and compare with heating operation, used heat collection operation and cooling down operation, in defrost operation, reduce to flow out the valve opening degree of flow control valve 84.Therefore, in defrost operation, compare before with being transformed into defrost operation, the inflow flow that flow into the cold-producing medium in the outdoor heat converter 16 reduces.The structure of other parts of present embodiment is identical with operation with the structure of other parts of the first embodiment with operation.
In the vehicle air conditioner 1 of present embodiment, the valve opening degree that flows out flow control valve 84 is reduced in defrost operation, so that can reduce to flow into the inflow flow of the cold-producing medium in the outdoor heat converter 16, thereby can provide the effect identical with the effect of the 8th embodiment.
Because flowing out flow control valve 84 constructs integratedly with the refrigerant outlet of outdoor heat converter 16, therefore can reduce the volume from the discharge port of compressor 11 to the coolant channel of the entrance side that flows out flow control valve 84, thereby reduce fast to flow into the flow of the cold-producing medium in the outdoor heat converter 16.
The tenth embodiment and the 11 embodiment
In above the 3rd, the 8th and the 9th embodiment, in the mode of example, outdoor heat converter 16 shows heating efficiency to realize the heating to vehicle interior, does not stop the running of compressor 11 simultaneously in defrost operation.In the 9th embodiment, as shown in figure 20, ptc heater 85 is arranged in the housing 31 of room air regulon 30, and with acting on the heating element heater that produces heat by supply electric power.
Ptc heater 85 is arranged on the downstream of the air stream of indoor condenser 12, and produces heat by supplying electric power from air conditioning controller with function in defrost operation.Therefore, even stop the running of compressor 11 when air conditioning controller with function during defrost operation, ptc heater 85 also can be with the auxiliary heater that acts on the heating air, thereby realizes the heating to vehicle interior.
In the 11 embodiment, as shown in figure 21, heater core 86 is configured to for heat-shift between the engine coolant that adds hot fluid in conduct and the air.Heater core 86 has the basic structure identical with the basic structure of the heater core 63 of the second embodiment.The downstream that heater core 86 is arranged on the air stream of indoor condenser 12 enters wherein with permission flow of engine coolant during defrost operation.
Therefore, even stop the operation of compressor 11 when air conditioning controller with function during defrost operation, heater core 86 also can be with the auxiliary heater that acts on the heating air, thereby realizes the heating to vehicle interior.Be not limited to engine coolant with acting on the hot fluid that adds that adds the thermal source of hot-air at heater core 86 places, but can be the cooling agent etc. that produces in operation the car-mounted device (for example, be used for advance motor MG or transverter) of heat for cooling.
Alternatively, the heater core 86 of the ptc heater 85 of the tenth embodiment and the 11 embodiment can be arranged on the downstream of air stream of indoor condenser 12 with as auxiliary heater.Figure 20 and Figure 21 are respectively according to the overall structure figure of the heat pump cycle in defrost operation 10 of the 9th embodiment and the 11 embodiment, and corresponding to Fig. 2 of the first embodiment.
(other embodiment)
The present invention is not limited to above-described embodiment, but can followingly in the situation that does not deviate from protection scope of the present invention carry out various modifications and change to above embodiment.
(1) in above embodiment, in the mode of example, the car-mounted device (external heat source) that produces in operation heat is be used to the motor MG that advances, but external heat source is not subject to this.For example, when heat pump cycle 10 is applied to vehicle air conditioner 1, engine or be used for supply of electric power can be used as external heat source to the electric device such as transverter of the motor MG that is used for advancing.
Use engine as external heat source in, contained heat in the engine coolant not only, and contained heat may be used to defrost in the engine exhaust.Further, heat pump cycle 10 is applied to still air adjuster, freezer, when being used for the cooling of automatic vending machine etc. and heater etc., engine, motor and can be used as external heat source with other electric device of the drive source of the compressor that acts on heat pump cycle 10.
(2) in above embodiment, adopt electric T-shaped valve 42 as the loop switch device that is used for switching in the cooling fluid circuit of coolant circulation circuit 40, but the loop switch device is not subject to this.For example, can use thermostatic valve.Thermostatic valve is the cooling fluid temperature responsive valve that is made of mechanical mechanism, and described mechanical mechanism is by using the temperature variant hot wax of volume (temperature-sensitive member) to make the valve body displacement open and close cooling channels.Therefore, the use of thermostatic valve can also remove coolant temperature sensor 52.
(3) in above embodiment, the cooling fluid pipe 43a of the refrigerant pipe 16a of outdoor heat converter 16, radiator 43 is formed by aluminium alloy (metal) with outer fin 50 and is in the same place by soldered joint.Apparently, outer fin 50 can be formed by other material with fabulous thermal conductivity (for example, CNT etc.), and these elements can be bonded together with other engagement device such as adhesive.
(4) in above embodiment, in the normal heating operation, carry out switching to the switching of walking around the cooling fluid circuit of radiator 43 for the permission cooling agent, thereby the heat that will distribute from the motor MG that is used for advancing be stored in cooling agent.Alternatively, or in addition, the heat storage housing (heat storage device) that is used for holding such as the heat storage medium of paraffin can be arranged on coolant circulation circuit 40, and the heat that distributes from the motor MG that is used for advancing in the normal heating operation by this can be stored in the heat storage housing.
Alternatively or in addition, the heating element heater (for example, ptc heater) that produces heat by supply electric power can be arranged in the coolant circulation circuit 40, so that the heat that distributes from heating element heater in the normal heating operation can be stored in the cooling agent.Alternatively, can be stored in the cooling agent from car-mounted device and at least one heat that distributes of producing in the heating element heater of heat in the operation of the motor MG that is used for advancing etc.At this moment, the heat that produces in the heating element heater is controlled with the reduction with external air temperature with being supposed to be increased, thereby avoids unnecessary power consumption.
(5) in above the first embodiment, mode with example, when car speed is equal to or less than the predetermined reference car speed (in the present embodiment, 20km/h) and the refrigerant temperature Te of the outlet side of outdoor heat converter 16 when being equal to or less than 0 ℃, the frosting determination portion is used for determining whether frost is formed on outdoor heat converter 16 places.Yet, be used for frosting really fixed condition be not subject to this.
For example, can be provided for the temperature detecting part of temperature of the outer fin 50 of sensing chamber's outer heat-exchanger 16, and when the temperature that is detected by temperature detecting part be equal to or less than predetermined frosting reference temperature (for example ,-5 ℃), can determine that frost forms.
(6) in above embodiment, in the mode of example, be used for being used for reducing flowing into the volume of the extraneous air of heat-absorption air passage 16b and heat radiation air duct 43b at the turn off the blast device of running of fan 17 of defrost operation.No matter be normal operating and defrost operation, when compressor 11 stopped, the ability that blows of blower fan 17 can increase, until pass by the scheduled time.Therefore, when compressor 11 stopped, the ability that blows of blower fan 17 can increase, so that the temperature of outdoor heat converter 16 can rapidly increase to the level identical with external air temperature.
(7) structure described in above each embodiment can be applied to other embodiment.Carry out in the vehicle air conditioner of the heat pump cycle 10 of each that for example, interlock control can be in using the second to the 5th and the 8th to the 11 embodiment in the vehicle chamber described in the 7th embodiment.
For example, when the vehicle interior interlock control of the 7th embodiment was applied to the heat pump cycle 10 of the 3rd embodiment, air conditioning controller with function can opened open/closed valve 15c in the situation of the running that does not stop compressor 11 in air conditioning pattern change control in control step S200.When being applied to the 4th embodiment, open/closed valve 15a and open/closed valve 15c can change control by the air conditioning pattern and open in control step S200.
Similarly, when being applied to the 8th embodiment, the valve opening degree that is used for the variable throttling device thereof 83 of heating can be reduced in air conditioning pattern change control at control step S200.When being applied to the 9th embodiment, the valve opening degree that flows out flow control valve 84 can be reduced in air conditioning pattern change control in control step S200.
(8) although in above embodiment in the mode of example with common fluorine-based cold-producing medium as cold-producing medium, cold-producing medium is not subject to this.Can use such as the natural refrigerant of carbon dioxide and hydrocarbon refrigerant etc.Further, heat pump cycle 10 can form the supercritical refrigeration cycle that is equal to or higher than the critical pressure of cold-producing medium from the pressure of the cold-producing medium of compressor 11 discharging.

Claims (26)

1. heat pump cycle comprises:
The compressor (11) of compression and refrigerant emission;
User's side heat exchanger (12), described user's side heat exchanger is heat-shift between the cold-producing medium that discharges from described compressor (11) and heat-exchange fluid;
Decompressor (13,83), described decompressor reduces pressure to the cold-producing medium that flows out from described user's side heat exchanger (12); With
Outdoor heat converter (16), described outdoor heat converter makes by described decompressor (13,83) cold-producing medium of decompression and extraneous air heat-shift are to evaporate described cold-producing medium, described heat pump cycle is suitable for carrying out the defrost operation that defrosts for to described outdoor heat converter (16) when outdoor heat converter (16) frosting, and described heat pump cycle also comprises:
Heat dissipation heat exchanger (43), described heat dissipation heat exchanger is arranged in the cooling fluid closed circuit (40), described cooling fluid closed circuit (40) is used for making the cooling fluid circulation of cooling external heat source (MG), and described heat dissipation heat exchanger (43) is suitable for heat-shift between described cooling fluid and extraneous air; With
Cooling fluid circuit switching device shifter (42), described cooling fluid circuit switching device shifter is formed at for allowing cooling fluid to flow into the cooling fluid circuit of heat dissipation heat exchanger (43) and be used for allowing described cooling fluid to walk around between the cooling fluid circuit of described heat dissipation heat exchanger (43) and switches, wherein:
Described outdoor heat converter (16) comprises refrigerant pipe (16a), is flowed in described refrigerant pipe by the cold-producing medium of described decompressor (13,83) decompression;
Be used for making the heat-absorption air passage (16b) of described flow of external air to form around described refrigerant pipe (16a);
Described heat dissipation heat exchanger (43) comprises cooling fluid pipe (43a), and described cooling fluid flows in described cooling fluid pipe;
Be used for making the heat radiation air duct (43b) of described flow of external air to form around described cooling fluid pipe (43a);
Described heat-absorption air passage (16b) and described heat radiation air duct (43b) are provided with outer fin (50), described outer fin can be implemented in the heat transmission between described refrigerant pipe (16a) and the described cooling fluid pipe (43a), promotes simultaneously the heat exchange in described outdoor heat converter (16) and described heat dissipation heat exchanger (43); And
Described cooling fluid circuit switching device shifter (42) is carried out in defrost operation at least and is switched to for making cooling fluid flow into the switching of the cooling fluid circuit of described heat dissipation heat exchanger (43).
2. heat pump cycle according to claim 1 also comprises:
Indoor evaporator (20), described indoor evaporator is carried out heat exchange and is evaporated described cold-producing medium for cold-producing medium and the heat-exchange fluid in the downstream that allows described outdoor heat converter (16); And
The refrigerant flowpath switching device shifter, described refrigerant flowpath switching device shifter is configured to switch heating operation refrigerant flowpath and cooling down operation refrigerant flowpath, in the heating operation refrigerant flowpath, flow into described user's side heat exchanger (12) with the heat hot replacement fluids from the cold-producing medium of described compressor (11) discharging, in the cooling down operation refrigerant flowpath, the cold-producing medium of locating distribute heat at described outdoor heat converter (16) flow in the described indoor evaporator (20) with heat of cooling replacement fluids, wherein:
The flow direction of cold-producing medium that flows through described refrigerant pipe (16a) in heating operation is identical with the flow direction of the cold-producing medium that flows through described refrigerant pipe (16a) in cooling down operation.
3. heat pump cycle according to claim 1 and 2 wherein, in defrost operation, is compared with being transformed into defrost operation before, and the inflow flow that flow into the cold-producing medium in the described outdoor heat converter (16) reduces.
4. each described heat pump cycle according to claim 1-3, wherein:
Described decompressor (83) is variable restrictor mechanism, and in described variable restrictor mechanism, the throttling opening degree is variable; And
Compare before with being transformed into defrost operation, described decompressor (83) increases the throttling opening degree in defrost operation.
5. each described heat pump cycle according to claim 1-4 also comprises:
Flow out flow control valve (84), described outflow flow control valve is configured to regulate the outflow flow from the cold-producing medium of described outdoor heat converter (16) outflow,
Wherein with before being transformed into defrost operation compare, described outflow flow control valve (84) reduces the outflow flow of described cold-producing medium in defrost operation.
6. heat pump cycle according to claim 5, wherein, described outflow flow control valve (84) be configured to the cold-producing medium that is used for described outdoor heat converter (16) go out the interruption-forming one.
7. each described heat pump cycle according to claim 1-6 also comprises:
Outdoor blowers (17), described outdoor blowers blows extraneous air towards described outdoor heat converter (16) and heat dissipation heat exchanger (43),
Wherein compare before with stopping described compressor (11), when described compressor (11) when stopping, described outdoor blowers (17) increases blowability.
8. each described heat pump cycle according to claim 1-7 wherein, in defrost operation, is compared with being transformed into defrost operation before, and the heating efficiency that is used for user's side heat exchanger (12) of heat hot replacement fluids reduces.
9. each described heat pump cycle according to claim 1-8, wherein, described heat-absorption air passage (16b) and described heat radiation air duct (43b) are constructed such that the volume that flow into the extraneous air in described heat-absorption air passage (16b) and the described heat radiation air duct (43b) reduces in defrost operation.
10. each described heat pump cycle according to claim 1-9 also comprises:
Outdoor blowers (17), described outdoor blowers blows extraneous air towards described outdoor heat converter (16) and described heat dissipation heat exchanger (43),
Wherein said heat dissipation heat exchanger (43) is positioned at the windward side of the flow direction (X) of the extraneous air that is blowed by described outdoor blowers (17) with respect to described outdoor heat converter (16).
11. each described heat pump cycle according to claim 1-10, wherein:
In the described refrigerant pipe (16a) at least one is positioned between the described cooling fluid pipe (43a);
In the described cooling fluid pipe (43a) at least one is positioned between the described refrigerant pipe (16a); And
In described heat-absorption air passage (16b) and the described heat radiation air duct (43b) at least one forms an air duct.
12. each described heat pump cycle according to claim 1-11, described heat pump cycle is applied to vehicle air conditioning, and described heat pump cycle also comprises:
The Inside Air Temperature test section, described Inside Air Temperature test section is configured to detect the Inside Air Temperature of vehicle interior; With
Frosting determination portion, described frosting determination portion are configured to determine the frosting of described outdoor heat converter (16), wherein:
Described heat-exchange fluid is the air that is blown into described vehicle interior;
Described external heat source is the car-mounted device (MG) that produces in operation heat;
Described cooling fluid is be used to the cooling agent that cools off described car-mounted device (MG); And
When determining by described frosting determination portion that frost is formed on that described outdoor heat converter (16) is located and the Inside Air Temperature (Tr) of vehicle interior when being equal to or greater than predetermined reference Inside Air Temperature (KTr), described cooling fluid circuit switching device shifter (42) is carried out and is switched to for making cooling fluid flow into the switching of the cooling fluid circuit of described heat dissipation heat exchanger (43).
13. each described heat pump cycle according to claim 1-12, described heat pump cycle is applied to vehicle air conditioning, and described heat pump cycle also comprises:
The frosting determination portion that is used for the frosting of definite outdoor heat converter (16), wherein
Described heat-exchange fluid is the air that is blown into described vehicle interior;
Described external heat source is the car-mounted device (MG) that produces in operation heat;
Described cooling fluid is be used to the cooling agent that cools off described car-mounted device (MG);
Described user's side heat exchanger (12) is arranged in the housing (31), forms air duct in the described housing;
The inner/outer air switching device shifter (33) that be used for to change the inner air that will be introduced in described housing (31) and the introducing ratio of extraneous air is arranged in the housing (31), wherein:
When determining that by described frosting determination portion frost is formed on described outdoor heat converter (16) when locating, described cooling fluid circuit switching device shifter (42) is carried out and is switched to be used to making the mobile switching of arriving the cooling fluid circuit of described heat dissipation heat exchanger (43) of cooling fluid; And
When determining that by described frosting determination portion frost is formed on described outdoor heat converter (16) when locating, be transformed into defrost operation before compare, described inner/outer air switching device shifter (33) increases the introducing ratio of inner air and extraneous air.
14. each described heat pump cycle according to claim 1-13, described heat pump cycle is applied to vehicle air conditioning, and described heat pump cycle also comprises:
Be configured to the frosting determination portion of the frosting of definite described outdoor heat converter (16), wherein:
Described heat-exchange fluid is the air that is blown into described vehicle interior;
Described external heat source is the car-mounted device (MG) that produces in operation heat;
Described cooling fluid is be used to the cooling agent that cools off described car-mounted device (MG);
Described user's side heat exchanger (12) is arranged in the housing (31), forms air duct in the described housing;
Be used for being arranged on described housing (31) by changing for the opening/closing state of the air outlet slit that air is blown into described vehicle interior at the air outlet slit mode-changeover device (37a-37c) that the air outlet slit pattern is switched;
At least foot's air outlet slit is set to air outlet slit, and described foot air outlet slit is used for air is blown into passenger's foot;
When determining that by described frosting determination portion frost is formed on described outdoor heat converter (16) when locating, cooling fluid circuit switching device shifter (42) is carried out and is switched to for making the mobile switching of arriving the cooling fluid circuit of described heat dissipation heat exchanger (43) of cooling fluid; And
When determining that by described frosting determination portion frost is formed on described outdoor heat converter (16) when locating, described air outlet slit mode-changeover device (37a-37c) is carried out the switching that switches to for from the air outlet slit pattern of described foot air outlet slit blow air.
15. each described heat pump cycle according to claim 1-14, described heat pump cycle is applied to vehicle air conditioning, and described heat pump cycle also comprises:
Be configured to the frosting determination portion of the frosting of definite described outdoor heat converter (16), wherein:
Heat-exchange fluid is the air that is blown into described vehicle interior;
Described external heat source is the car-mounted device (MG) that produces in operation heat;
Described cooling fluid is be used to the cooling agent that cools off described car-mounted device (MG);
Described user's side heat exchanger (12) is arranged in the housing (31), forms air duct in the described housing;
The air blast (32) that is used for air is blowed towards described vehicle interior is arranged on described housing (31);
When determining that by described frosting determination portion frost is formed on described outdoor heat converter (16) when locating, described cooling fluid circuit switching device shifter (42) is carried out and is switched to for making cooling fluid flow into the switching of the cooling fluid circuit of described heat dissipation heat exchanger (43); And
Compare before with definite frosting, described air blast (32) reduces blowability.
16. each described heat pump cycle according to claim 1-15, described heat pump cycle is applied to vehicle air conditioning, and described heat pump cycle also comprises:
The frosting determination portion that is used for the frosting of definite described outdoor heat converter (16), wherein:
Heat-exchange fluid is the air that is blown into described vehicle interior;
Described external heat source is the car-mounted device (MG) that produces in operation heat;
Described cooling fluid is be used to the cooling agent that cools off described car-mounted device (MG);
When car speed is equal to or less than predetermined reference speed, and when the temperature of the cold-producing medium of the outlet side of described outdoor heat converter (16) was equal to or less than 0 ℃, described frosting determination portion determined that frost is formed on described outdoor heat converter (16) and locates; And
When determining that by described frosting determination portion frost is formed on described outdoor heat converter (16) when locating, described cooling fluid circuit switching device shifter (42) is carried out and is switched to for making the mobile switching of arriving the cooling fluid circuit of described heat dissipation heat exchanger (43) of cooling fluid.
17. heat pump cycle according to claim 16, wherein, when the speed of traveling vehicle is equal to or less than predetermined reference speed, and when the temperature of the cold-producing medium of the outlet side of described outdoor heat converter (16) was equal to or less than 0 ℃, described frosting determination portion determined that frost is formed on described outdoor heat converter (16) and locates.
18. each described heat pump cycle according to claim 12-17 also comprises:
Be configured to detect the coolant temperature test section (52) of the temperature that flow into the cooling agent in the car-mounted device (MG), wherein:
When the coolant temperature (Tw) that is detected by described coolant temperature test section (52) when being equal to or greater than described predetermined reference temperature, described cooling fluid circuit switching device shifter (42) is carried out and is switched to for making cooling fluid flow into the switching of the cooling fluid circuit of described heat dissipation heat exchanger (43).
19. each described heat pump cycle according to claim 1-18, wherein, carry out to switch to when making cooling fluid walk around the switching of cooling fluid circuit of described heat dissipation heat exchanger (43) when described cooling fluid circuit switching device shifter (42), described cooling fluid closed circuit (40) is stored in the heat that comprises in the described external heat source within it.
20. heat pump cycle according to claim 19, described heat pump cycle is applied to vehicle air conditioning, wherein:
Described heat-exchange fluid is the air that is blown into described vehicle interior;
Described external heat source is the car-mounted device (MG) that produces in operation heat;
Described cooling fluid is be used to the cooling agent that cools off described car-mounted device (MG); And
Carry out to switch to when making cooling fluid walk around the switching of cooling fluid circuit of described heat dissipation heat exchanger (43) when cooling fluid circuit switching device shifter (42), described cooling fluid closed circuit (40) will be stored in the cooling agent from the heat that described car-mounted device (MG) distributes.
21. heat pump cycle according to claim 19, described heat pump cycle is applied to vehicle air conditioning, wherein:
Described heat-exchange fluid is the air that is blown into described vehicle interior;
Described external heat source is the heating element heater that produces heat by supply electric power;
Described cooling fluid is be used to the cooling agent that cools off described heating element heater; And
Carry out to switch to when making cooling fluid walk around the switching of cooling fluid circuit of described heat dissipation heat exchanger (43) when described cooling fluid circuit switching device shifter (42), described cooling fluid closed circuit (40) will be stored in the cooling agent from the heat that described heating element heater distributes.
22. heat pump cycle according to claim 19, described heat pump cycle is applied to vehicle air conditioning, wherein:
Described heat-exchange fluid is the air that is blown into described vehicle interior;
Produce in operation the car-mounted device (MG) of heat and be set up as external heat source by the heating element heater that supply electric power produces heat;
Described cooling fluid is be used to the cooling agent that cools off described heating element heater and described car-mounted device (MG); And
Carry out to switch to when allowing cooling fluid to walk around the switching of cooling fluid circuit of described heat dissipation heat exchanger (43) when described cooling fluid circuit switching device shifter (42), described cooling fluid closed circuit (40) is stored at least one heat that distributes from described car-mounted device (MG) and described heating element heater in the cooling agent.
23. according to claim 21 or 22 described heat pump cycles, wherein, described heating element heater have from described heating element heater produce according to the controlled heat of external air temperature.
24. each described heat pump cycle according to claim 1-23 also comprises:
Outdoor unit bypass passageways (64), described outdoor unit bypass passageways makes the refrigerant outlet side of being walked around described outdoor heat converter (16) by the cold-producing medium of described decompressor (13,83) decompression and cold-producing medium being directed to described outdoor heat converter (16); With
Outdoor unit bypass passageways switching device shifter (15c), described outdoor unit bypass passageways switching device shifter is formed at for will be by described decompressor (13,83) cold-producing medium of the decompression refrigerant loop that is directed to described outdoor heat converter (16) is be used for will be by described decompressor (13,83) cold-producing medium of decompression switches between the refrigerant loop of described outdoor unit bypass passageways (64) guiding
Wherein in defrost operation, described outdoor unit bypass passageways switching device shifter (15c) is carried out and is switched to for being directed to by the cold-producing medium of described decompressor (13,83) decompression the switching of the refrigerant loop of described outdoor unit bypass passageways (64).
25. each described heat pump cycle according to claim 1-24 also comprises:
Indoor evaporator (20), described indoor evaporator is heat-shift between the cold-producing medium in the downstream of heat-exchange fluid and described outdoor heat converter (16);
Evaporimeter bypass passageways (20a), described evaporimeter bypass passageways make the cold-producing medium in the downstream of outdoor heat converter (16) walk around described indoor evaporator (20) and described cold-producing medium are directed to the refrigerant outlet of described indoor evaporator (20); With
Evaporimeter bypass passageways switching device shifter (15b), described evaporimeter bypass passageways switching device shifter is formed at for the cold-producing medium with the downstream of described outdoor heat converter (16) and is directed to the refrigerant loop of described indoor evaporator (20) and is used for switching between the refrigerant loop that cold-producing medium with the downstream of described outdoor heat converter (16) is directed to described evaporimeter bypass passageways (20a)
Wherein in defrost operation, described evaporimeter bypass passageways switching device shifter (15b) is carried out and is switched to the switching that is directed to the refrigerant loop of described indoor evaporator (20) for the cold-producing medium with the downstream of described outdoor heat converter (16).
26. each described heat pump cycle according to claim 1-25, described heat pump cycle is applied to vehicle air conditioning, wherein:
Described heat-exchange fluid is the air that is blown into described vehicle interior;
Described user's side heat exchanger (12) is arranged in the housing (31), forms blast channel in the described housing; And
Auxiliary heater is arranged in the described housing (31), uses adding hot fluid and heating the air that is blown into described vehicle interior as heating source by in the heating element heater (85) of supply electric power generation heat at least one of the car-mounted device heating produced in operation heat.
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