CN102917995A - 陶瓷釉组合物 - Google Patents
陶瓷釉组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102917995A CN102917995A CN2010800619011A CN201080061901A CN102917995A CN 102917995 A CN102917995 A CN 102917995A CN 2010800619011 A CN2010800619011 A CN 2010800619011A CN 201080061901 A CN201080061901 A CN 201080061901A CN 102917995 A CN102917995 A CN 102917995A
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- ceramic glaze
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Abstract
陶瓷釉组合物。本发明涉及一种陶瓷釉组合物,其特征在于相对于组合物总重量以重量百分数计包含:a)50至90%重量的一种产物,所述产物又包含10至90%重量具有光催化性质的化合物和10至90%重量选自具有长石或似长石结构的物质的至少一种天然和/或合成材料;b)5%至50%重量的至少一种熔融添加剂;和c)0.5%至20%重量的三磷酸钠。此外,制备所述陶瓷釉的方法及其应用于能够减少空气中存在的NOx的陶瓷件也是本发明的目的。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及陶瓷釉领域,更具体地讲,涉及尤其用于制造陶瓷涂层的具有光催化能力的陶瓷釉领域。具体地讲,所述涂层的特征在于包含半导体材料,尤其是TiO2,这种材料在适合波长辐射下能够导致与其接触的氮氧化物的氧化。
发明背景
目前在大城市存在的主要污染问题之一源于向大气排放氮氧化物。氮氧化物(以后称为NOx)是由氮和氧组成的气体的混合物,其中由于较大毒理学作用,应提到一氧化氮和二氧化氮。
每年有超过30,000,000吨NOx由人类活动排入大气。NOx主要在可移动(小汽车、卡车、公交)和固定(焚烧炉或发电厂)两种源的燃烧过程中产生。一些特定化学工业(产生硝酸、尿酸等)也在较小程度产生。
氮氧化物(NOx)排入大气导致人群健康方面的各种问题,和对地球的负面环境影响。关于这一点,直接暴露于高于3ppm浓度的所述氧化物增加肺病的可能性,尤其在儿童和年长者中,并且对心脏病患者影响大。
类似地,NOx与未燃烧的烃反应成臭氧,臭氧是光化学烟雾的主要原因,在其它健康问题中,尤其引起眼刺激、咳嗽、头痛或呼吸问题。
除了对人和野生生物的负作用外,氮氧化物也造成林业危害,并且严重影响某些农作物和水果作物种类的生长。这些与硫氧化物一起成为造成酸雨的主要原因。另一方面,NOx,主要以NO2和NO形式,是造成地球气候变化和全球变暧的气体,它的影响比CO2更有害。具体地讲,已计算NOx比CO2有害约310倍。
虽然以减少或消除所述污染物气体排放为目的研发了很多技术,然而仍需要设计更经济和有效的新方法,以达到法律制定的去污水平,而不危及目前的经济发展水平和从使用矿物燃料(如石油和天然气)得到的社会福利。
关于这一点,由本发明提出的解决方法基于提供一种具有光催化能力的新的陶瓷釉组合物,旨在用于制造能够随时间连续保持其光催化活性的陶瓷材料。
一些年来已知具有具备光催化性质的某些元素的有机化合物的处理能力。类似熟知一些化合物的光催化性质,如二氧化钛,由于是经济、安全和化学稳定的化合物,其已广泛使用。关于这一点,对于有机分子氧化可能使用TiO2的首先已知研究由Teichner等开展(P.C. Gravelle, F. Juillet, P. Meriaudeau和S.J. Teichner, Discuss. Faraday Soc, 52, 140(1971);M. Formenti, F. Juillet, P. Meriaudeau和S.J. Teichner, Chem Technol., 1.680(1971))。
然而,到目前为止进行的大部分研究集中在研究光降解机理和过程催化剂本身的性质。
尽管如此,也开展了用光催化处理低浓度NOx的可能性的研究,主要是在日本。因此,例如Ichiura等的著作集中在金属化合物改性二氧化钛片上NOx光催化氧化的研究(Ichiura, H., Kitaoka, T., Tanaka, H., "Photocatalytic oxidation of NOx using composite sheets containing TiO2 and a metal compound”(使用包含TiO2和金属化合物的复合片光催化氧化NOx), Chemosphere 51, 855(2003))。类似地,Dalton等已研究用TiO2作为光催化剂光催化降解大气的NOx(Dalton, J.S., Janes, P.A., Nicholson J.A., Hallam K.R., Allen, G.C., "Photocatalytic oxidation of NOx gases using TiO2: a surface spectroscopic approach"(用TiO2光催化氧化NOx气体:表面光谱方法), Environ. Pollut. 120, 415 (2002))。在文献中也可发现TiO2用于避免在太阳照射下对建筑物的污染影响的著作(A. Fujishima, Taiyo Enerugi, 26(2), 2-6(2000))。
在专利文献中尤其应提到国际申请WO97/10185、WO97/10186、WO99/44954或WO2006/030250 A2和专利例如ES2265150,其中描述TiO2的光催化能力及其例如在产生涂层或在表面自净化中的应用。
关于这一点,本发明的目的是提供一种新的陶瓷釉组合物,所述组合物能够在降低氮氧化物水平方面取得非常有效的结果,同时允许长期保持所述效率。因此,可提供一种结构构件,如建筑贴面中使用的瓷砖,所述结构构件除了具有所述陶瓷元素通常具有的简单和仅仅装饰功能外,还具有功能性质。
发明详述
本发明涉及一种新的陶瓷釉组合物,其特征在于组合物包含:
a)50至90%重量(优选60至85%重量)的一种固体产物,其组成和获得方法由FMC FORET SA在西班牙专利申请200900188中提出保护,所述产物又包含10至90%(优选40至60%)具有光催化性质的化合物和10至90%(优选40至60%)选自具有长石或似长石结构的物质的至少一种天然和/或合成材料;
b)5至50%重量(优选15至40%重量)的至少一种熔融添加剂固体组合物;
c)0.5至20%重量(优选1至10%重量)的三磷酸钠固体组合物。
具有光催化性质的化合物优选由锐钛矿结晶结构的二氧化钛组成。然而,具有光催化性质的所述化合物可另外选自SrTiO3、KTaO3、ZrO2、ZnS、CdSe、GaP和SiC及其任何组合。
组合物中的天然和/或合成材料又具有惰性、非毒性和无光催化活性特征。已知似长石为包含类似比例的铝和硅的多孔网状硅酸盐,所述网状硅酸盐形成由阳离子平衡的带负电荷的三维结构。
它们的主要作用是防止二氧化钛光催化去活化,从而提高其效力和耐久性。在这个意义上,与TiO2均匀混合的这些天然和/或合成材料产生协同效应,光催化活性和耐久性通过协同效应提高,以便陶瓷釉最初能够比TiO2纯时更显著地消除周围大气中的NOx。随后,一旦达到稳态,它们就允许陶瓷釉保持不变和长期持续的活性,而纯TiO2则会由中毒失活。在本发明中,由于存在这些材料,来自NOx光氧化的阴离子衍生物可逆地沉积在似长石的表面上,从而保持TiO2光催化活性不变。在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,使用各种似长石的混合物,可从其组分直接混合获得,或者从前体加热处理获得。
最后,熔融添加剂优选由釉料组成,其化学组成决定所要求的熔融。优选,这些釉料包含以釉料重量计30和80%重量之间(优选50和70%重量之间)的熔结氧化铅(PbO)(惰性,水不溶性)和以釉料重量计15和70%重量之间(优选20和35%重量之间)的二氧化硅(SiO2)作为主要组分。釉料包含以釉料重量计1和10%重量之间的氧化锌(ZnO)、以釉料重量计1和8%重量之间的氧化钠(Na2O)、以釉料重量计0.5和6%重量之间的氧化钛(TiO2)和以釉料重量计0.2和6%重量之间的三氧化二铝(Al2O3)作为次要组分。
或者,可用作熔融添加剂的其它类型化合物为MgO或Li2O及其任何组合。
所述包含二氧化钛(TiO2)颗粒与申请200900188所提出比率的长石和/或似长石组合的陶瓷组合物一旦经过烘烤和曝露于日光,就通过能够使与其接触的氮氧化物(NOx)氧化保持TiO2的增强光催化性质,而不随时间损失其效力。此方面是本发明的主要优点之一,也是使其相对于目前现有技术新颖的特征之一。
所述氧化过程基于产生羟基自由基,羟基自由基能够使污染化合物降解,产生对环境无害的物质。羟基自由基是通过将二氧化氮转化成硝酸根离子使二氧化氮(NO2)氧化的强氧化剂。过氧化物离子又能够使一氧化氮(NO)转化成硝酸根离子。
在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,前述组合物也包含以混合物总重量计30和60%重量之间(优选35和50%重量之间)的至少一种丝网印刷载体,所述丝网印刷载体的特征在于包含60和90%重量之间的至少一种醇,优选聚乙二醇;5和30%重量之间的水;和5和35%重量之间的多糖型树脂。
为了制备由上述组合物制成的陶瓷釉,不必对制造陶瓷产物的一般过程和方法进行任何特殊修改。因此,制备陶瓷釉的所述方法包括以下步骤:
a)混合陶瓷釉组合物的组成成分;
b)用可由微珠磨微粉化或搅拌均化组成的方法调节前面混合物,随后过筛,直至得到在45微米筛中测量具有0%排湿的混合物或固体组合物;
c)使前面步骤的固体组合物与30和60%重量之间(优选35和50%重量之间)的丝网印刷载体混合。
本发明的另一个目的涉及由前述方法制成的陶瓷釉,其特征在于包括1.55和1.85kg/l之间的密度值(在25℃)。
类似地,本发明的目的为一种陶瓷件,其特征在于其至少一个面包含前述陶瓷釉。所述陶瓷件优选为具有小于0.5%吸水率的瓷器类型.
在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,得到所述陶瓷件的方法包括烘烤和预先装饰,随后,通过使用制造陶瓷的常规丝网印刷系统之一,在所述件的瓷釉上施加光催化釉。在所述系统中,优选使用丝网印刷、凹版印刷系统和空气喷涂系统。
在其中通过凹版印刷执行应用系统的优选实施方案中,釉将沉积在位于光滑圆筒和弹性可变形表面的部分上的基质空腔中。在基质上沉积的过量釉用刀片去除,这又允许连续再次混合釉,从而在基质空腔内产生至少部分再储存。最后,通过直接接触,即,通过连续滚动而不在陶瓷件表面上拖拉所述基质,所含的釉转移进入陶瓷件的基质空腔。
一旦釉沉积,就根据烘烤曲线,曲线临界点或最大稳定温度范围750℃至1150℃,使装饰的陶瓷件在工业烘箱中经过45至70分钟烘烤循环。
最后,本发明的目的是为了减少空气中存在的NOx百分数使用所述陶瓷件。因此,在所述陶瓷件为上面已沉积本发明的釉目标层的瓷砖的情况下,将可降解3.63mgNOx/m2/小时,相当于大气中NOx浓度减小18.8%。类似地,在要应用的具体应用中,例如,对于各用这些瓷砖覆盖的具有4800m2面积的8层的200所建筑,可去除约238.491.000mg重量NOx/年,假定每天12小时相同日照,每年365天。
另外,由这些陶瓷件显示的另外的优点是通过用水天然或主动简单清洗再生。因此,在清洗中,来自光催化氧化的离子衍生物溶于水,能够通过完全去除,并因此允许恢复釉的初始光催化活性。
发明的优选实施方案
现在通过实施例和并以非限制方式提出本发明的三个优选实施方案。
实施例1. 组合物278BCB1
在此第一实施例中,使用具有以下组成的陶瓷釉:固体制剂,包含84%重量固体产物,其组成和制备方法在西班牙专利申请200900188中提出;1%重量三磷酸钠固体;和 15%重量熔融添加剂固体,所述添加剂的组成如下:55%氧化铅PbO,22%二氧化硅SiO2,7%氧化锌ZnO,7%氧化钠Na2O,5%二氧化钛TiO2,和4%三氧化二铝 Al2O3。将所述固体组合物与以混合物总重量计50%重量的丝网印刷载体混合并均化,所述丝网印刷载体又由85%聚乙二醇、10%水和5%多糖型树脂组成。所得混合物显示在45微米筛中0%的排湿率,所得釉在1.68kg/l密度调节。将所述光催化釉施加到预先装饰和烘烤的瓷器类型陶瓷件(具有小于0.5%的吸水率)。然后在910℃最高烘烤温度,使具有光催化釉的陶瓷件经过烘烤循环50分钟。为了测定活性度,根据ISO 22197-1:2007试验所得光催化陶瓷件,提供0.68ppm/小时的NOx分解值。
实施例2. 组合物205SBB1
在此实施例中,使用具有以下组成的陶瓷釉:固体制剂,包含60%重量固体产物,其组成和制备方法在西班牙专利申请200900188中提出;5%重量三磷酸钠固体;和 35%重量熔融添加剂固体,所述添加剂的组成如下:50%氧化铅PbO,35%二氧化硅SiO2,2%氧化锌ZnO,5%氧化钠Na2O,5%二氧化钛TiO2,和3%三氧化二铝 Al2O3。将所述固体组合物与以混合物总重量计55%重量的丝网印刷载体混合并均化,所述丝网印刷载体又由80%聚乙二醇、10%水和10%多糖型树脂组成。所得混合物显示在45微米筛中0%的排湿率,所得釉在1.58kg/l密度调节。将所述光催化釉施加到预先装饰和烘烤的瓷器类型陶瓷件(具有小于0.5%的吸水率)。然后在875℃最高烘烤温度,使具有光催化釉的陶瓷件经过烘烤循环68分钟。为了测定活性度,根据ISO 22197-1:2007试验所得光催化陶瓷件,提供0.59ppm/小时的NOx分解值。
实施例3. 组合物265BCB1
在此实施例中,使用具有以下组成的陶瓷釉:固体制剂,包含75%重量固体产物,其组成和制备方法在西班牙专利申请200900188中提出;1%重量三磷酸钠固体;和 24%重量熔融添加剂固体,所述添加剂的组成如下:60%氧化铅PbO,25%二氧化硅SiO2,6%氧化锌ZnO,4%氧化钠Na2O,3%二氧化钛TiO2,和2%三氧化二铝 Al2O3。将所述固体组合物与以混合物总重量计45%重量的丝网印刷载体混合并均化,所述丝网印刷载体又由85%聚乙二醇、6%水和9%多糖型树脂组成。所得混合物显示在45微米筛中0%的排湿率,所得釉在1.62 kg/l密度调节。将所述光催化釉施加到预先装饰和烘烤的瓷器类型陶瓷件(具有小于0.5%的吸水率)。然后在800℃最高烘烤温度,使具有光催化釉的陶瓷件经过烘烤循环60分钟。根据ISO 22197-1:2007试验所得光催化陶瓷件,以测定活性度,提供0.85ppm/小时的NOx分解值。
在伴随本说明书的附图(图1)中,描绘根据ISO 22197-1标准的三个先前实施例的比较性结果。
Claims (12)
1. 一种陶瓷釉组合物,其特征在于包含(相对于组合物总重量以重量百分数计):
a)50至90%重量的一种产物,所述产物又包含10至90%重量具有光催化性质的化合物和10至90%重量选自具有长石或似长石结构的物质的至少一种天然和/或合成材料;
b)5至50%重量的至少一种熔融添加剂;和
c)0.5至20%重量三磷酸钠。
2. 权利要求1的组合物,其中具有光催化性质的化合物由锐钛矿形式的二氧化钛组成。
3. 权利要求1的组合物,其中具有光催化性质的所述化合物选自SrTiO3、KTaO3、ZrO2、ZnS、CdSe、GaP和SiC及其任何组合。
4. 权利要求1至3中任一项的组合物,其中熔融添加剂由陶瓷釉料组成,其特征在于釉料包含30至80%重量的熔结氧化铅、15至70%重量的二氧化硅(SiO2)、1至10%重量的氧化锌(ZnO)、1至8%重量的氧化钠(Na2O)、0.5至6%重量的氧化钛(TiO2)和0.2至6%重量的三氧化二铝(Al2O3)。
5. 权利要求1至4中任一项的组合物,其中熔融添加剂选自MgO和Li2O及其任何组合。
6. 前述权利要求中任一项的组合物,其特征在于所述组合物另外包含基于混合物总重量30和60%重量之间的至少一种丝网印刷载体。
7. 权利要求6的组合物,其中所述丝网印刷载体的特征在于包含60至90%重量的醇、5至30%重量的水和5至35%重量的多糖类型树脂。
8. 一种从权利要求1至7中任一项的组合物制备陶瓷釉的方法,所述方法的特征在于包括以下步骤:
a)混合陶瓷釉组合物的组成成分;
b)通过微珠磨微粉化或搅拌均化调节前面混合物,随后过筛,直至得到在45微米筛中测量具有0%排湿的混合物或固体组合物;
c)使前面步骤的固体组合物与30和60%重量之间的丝网印刷载体混合。
9. 一种从权利要求8的制备方法得到的陶瓷釉,所述陶瓷釉的特征在于包括在25℃的1.55至1.85Kg/l的密度值。
10. 一种陶瓷件,所述陶瓷件经过以750℃和1150℃之间最大温度范围45和70分钟之间的烘烤,其特征在于其至少一个面包含权利要求9的陶瓷釉。
11. 权利要求10的陶瓷件,其中其至少一个面包含从陶瓷釉组合物得到的陶瓷釉,所述陶瓷釉组合物的特征又在于包含:
a)50至90%重量的一种产物,所述产物又包含10至90%重量具有光催化性质的化合物和10至90%重量选自具有长石或似长石结构的物质的至少一种天然和/或合成材料;
b)5至50%重量的至少一种熔融添加剂;和
c)0.5至20%重量三磷酸钠。
12. 权利要求10或11中任一项的陶瓷件用于连续光催化减少空气中存在的NO2和NO的用途。
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ES200931033A ES2335262B1 (es) | 2009-11-20 | 2009-11-20 | Composicion de esmalte ceramico. |
PCT/ES2010/070752 WO2011061381A1 (es) | 2009-11-20 | 2010-11-19 | Composición de esmalte cerámico |
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CN106517788A (zh) * | 2016-10-18 | 2017-03-22 | 蒙娜丽莎集团股份有限公司 | 一种光催化功能w18o49结晶陶瓷釉料组合物及其制备方法 |
CN106517792A (zh) * | 2016-10-18 | 2017-03-22 | 蒙娜丽莎集团股份有限公司 | 一种光催化功能钨酸锌结晶陶瓷釉料组合物及其制备方法 |
CN106630621A (zh) * | 2016-12-26 | 2017-05-10 | 陕西科技大学 | 一种具有光催化功能锆酸铋微晶陶瓷釉的制备方法 |
CN112661497A (zh) * | 2018-07-20 | 2021-04-16 | 陆升(福建)集团有限公司 | 一种耐热抗腐蚀仿搪瓷陶瓷制品及其制备方法 |
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ITMI20111373A1 (it) * | 2011-07-22 | 2013-01-23 | Se Te C Srl | Smalti interamente ceramici antibatterici ed autopulenti e membrane ceramiche fotocatalitiche |
CN106746648A (zh) * | 2016-11-23 | 2017-05-31 | 叶卫斌 | 一种水溶性硅釉料的应用 |
DE102019007756A1 (de) * | 2019-11-08 | 2021-05-12 | N-Tec Gmbh | Verwendung von Titanverbindungen |
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CN102917995B (zh) | 2015-11-25 |
WO2011061381A1 (es) | 2011-05-26 |
ES2335262A1 (es) | 2010-03-23 |
ES2335262B1 (es) | 2010-12-22 |
EP2324917A3 (en) | 2011-06-22 |
US20130092050A1 (en) | 2013-04-18 |
EP2324917B1 (en) | 2017-03-22 |
EP2324917A2 (en) | 2011-05-25 |
ES2623862T3 (es) | 2017-07-12 |
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