CN102917860A - 改善包装材料的热密封性能的方法和生产热密封的容器或包装的方法 - Google Patents

改善包装材料的热密封性能的方法和生产热密封的容器或包装的方法 Download PDF

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CN102917860A
CN102917860A CN2011800218330A CN201180021833A CN102917860A CN 102917860 A CN102917860 A CN 102917860A CN 2011800218330 A CN2011800218330 A CN 2011800218330A CN 201180021833 A CN201180021833 A CN 201180021833A CN 102917860 A CN102917860 A CN 102917860A
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pla
radiation
heat seal
heat
packing
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CN102917860B (zh
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T·潘蒂宁
K·内瓦莱南
J·库斯帕洛
T·科斯金
S·库塔卡莫
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Stora Enso Oyj
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Stora Enso Oyj
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种改善包装材料的热密封性能的方法和一种生产热密封的容器或包装的方法。所述材料可以是聚合物涂覆的包装纸或纸板，或聚合物的包装膜。根据本发明，所述材料包括含有聚酯，尤其是聚乳酸的聚合物层，其热密封性能被紫外线辐射所改善。聚乳酸本身或例如与其他生物可降解的聚酯混合均是有益的。根据本发明所生产的容器或包装包括一次性饮水杯和纸板硬纸盒和盒包装。

Description

改善包装材料的热密封性能的方法和生产热密封的容器或包装的方法
本发明涉及一种改善包装材料的热密封性能的方法和一种生产热密封的容器或包装的方法。本发明进一步涉及一种密封聚乳酸（polylactide）的方法，例如含有聚乳酸的包装膜。
在包装工艺中，热密封是一种生产或闭合容器或包装的常规方法，所述容器或包装由聚合物膜或聚合物涂覆的诸如纸或纸板的包装材料制成。由于低密度聚乙烯（LDPE）的易热密封性，其是一种常用于包装的材料。此外，很多其他的聚合物用于包装，例如聚酯，与LDPE不同，聚酯是生物可降解的或比LDPE具有更好的水蒸气和/或氧气阻隔性。但是，这些其他的聚合物常常比LDPE更难热密封，这是它们不便置于包装材料表面层而是置于多层材料的内层的原因。
经常用于包装和容器的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）是聚酯，其具有良好的阻隔性，并且非常耐热，这是它与其他的相比适合涂覆烘焙纸板的原因。缺点是PET难以热密封。此外，常规的PET是非生物可降解的。
常用于由聚合物膜、或聚合物涂覆的纸或纸板组成的生物可降解包装的一种生物可降解的聚合物是聚乳酸（PLA）。聚乳酸具有较好的水蒸气和气体阻隔性，但其应用伴随着一个问题就是其相当高的熔化温度及由此造成的不良的热密封性能。聚乳酸在挤压下对于纸或纸板的纤维基材的附着力也是有问题的；足够的附着力需要高的挤压温度和大的PLA层厚度。
为了改善聚乳酸的附着力，EP-1094944B1的说明书公开了一种与聚乳酸的外层共挤压的内附着层，该内附着层由其他生物可降解的聚合物，如聚酰胺酯、纤维素酯、或脂肪族或芳香族共聚酯组成。为了改善聚乳酸的热密封性能，US 2002-0065345A1的说明书再次公开了将聚乳酸和生物可降解的脂肪族聚酯混合，该脂肪族聚酯由二醇和二羧酸组成，如聚己内酯（polycaprolactone,PLC）或聚丁二酸/己二酸丁二醇酯共聚物（polybutylenesuccinate adipate，PBSA），其在混合物中至少占9%。根据该专利说明书，所述混合物可以被挤压为膜，该膜可以被轴向地或双轴向地拉伸，并且可以通过层压结合在纤维基材上。
根据US 2005-0192410A1的说明书，聚乳酸的加工性能通过与其混合聚己内酯和矿物颗粒而得到改善。US 2007-0259195A1的说明书进一步描述了基于聚乳酸的膜和聚合物涂层，所述膜和聚合物涂层被挤压到纤维基材上并且其中将聚己二酸/对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯共聚物（polybutylene adipateterephthalate，PBAT）与聚乳酸混合以改善其耐热性。专利申请FI-20105247属于申请人并且在提出本申请时尚未公开，其描述了一种基于聚乳酸的双层涂层，该涂层被挤压到纤维基材上，并且相对于其内层，其外层混合有更大部分的生物可降解聚酯（除聚乳酸外），以优化聚乳酸与纤维基材之间的附着力和聚乳酸的热密封性能。
当通过与之混合其他聚酯或某些其他类似的添加剂以改善聚乳酸的热密封性能时，存在这些添加剂都比聚乳酸要昂贵得多的缺点。而且，聚合物的混合在复杂工艺中会构成额外的工作阶段。因此，需要一种低成本的改善聚乳酸热密封性能的替代解决方案。同样，也需要促进用于包装领域的其他聚酯膜和涂层的热密封性能。
本发明提供了一种满足上述需求的解决方案，根据该方案，将紫外线辐射定向于含有聚酯且属于包装材料的聚合物层。所述材料可以是单层或多层的聚合物包装膜，或包装纸或纸板，其中单层或多层聚合物涂层通过层压或挤压被带到纤维基材上，其含有聚酯的顶层被UV辐射。根据本发明，容器或包装的生产包括提供带有含聚酯的聚合物涂层的纤维基材，UV辐射该涂层，然后通过热密封该涂层以密封所述容器或包装。本发明优选的聚酯是生物可降解的聚乳酸。
根据本发明，已观察到被定向于特别是含有聚乳酸的膜或涂层的UV辐射，通过将所需热密封温度降低到相当于常用的LDPE的水平或甚至更低的温度，显著地改善了聚合物的热密封性能。辐射所导致的热密封温度的降低量在仅有聚乳酸时为最高，而在聚乳酸与其他聚合物的混合物上也是相当可观的，所述其他聚合物例如是其他生物可降解的聚酯。据观察，UV辐射在PET膜或涂层上的影响要更小，但仍是显著的。
当聚乳酸构成基于纤维的包装材料，如纸或纸板的涂层聚合物时，例如，当聚乳酸与其他生物可降解的聚酯混合时，其可以被直接挤压到纸板基料（cardboard base）上而不需要中间的聚合物附着层。但是，优选将内部附着层与聚乳酸共挤压，原因在于外部热密封层因此可仅由工艺聚乳酸（technicalpolylactide）组成，而据观察，所述聚乳酸所具有的因UV辐射而产生的好处，即热密封温度的降低量，为它的最大值。
根据本发明，可由根据上文生产的基于纤维的聚合物涂覆的包装材料被热密封得到容器和包装，包括纸板杯，例如一次性饮水杯，以及纸板盒和硬纸盒包装，例如糖果、饼干、薄片（flake）、谷物、化妆品，和瓶包装，以及奶和果汁的硬纸盒。所述饮水杯可以是内部被聚合物涂覆且外部未被涂覆，由此在本发明中，通过将内表面的聚合物涂层密封到外表面的未涂覆的纸板以形成所述杯子的垂直接缝。相反的，在盒包装中，包装的外表面可以被聚合物涂覆且内表面未被涂覆，由此在密封中，所述外表面的聚合物涂层被热密封到包装内部的未被涂覆的纸板表面。然而，在杯中，如饮水杯，以及在盒包装中，所述纸板经常是双面被聚合物涂覆，由此根据本发明，双面的涂层都可以被UV辐射，并且在热密封中，所述涂覆层彼此密封。在这种情况下，根据本发明的所述UV辐射也可改善聚酯的热密封性能。
在本发明的有关实验中，已观察到紫外线辐射可改善聚乳酸或含有聚乳酸的混合物在热密封中的密封性能，所述热密封使用热空气和热的密封钳（sealing jaw）而实现。
除所述聚合物涂覆的基于纤维的包装材料之外，本发明还特别涉及基于聚乳酸的包装膜，其热密封性能受UV辐射改善。根据本发明，聚乳酸本身或以混合形式在所述膜的表面层中，并且关于膜的热密封性能，基本上按照上述关于含PLA的聚合物涂覆的包装纸和纸板的介绍进行相同的应用。
本发明的优选实施方式的一个实施例是将双层涂层共挤压到重量为40~350g/m2、由牛皮纸、CTMP或机械纸浆制成的纸或纸板上，所述双层涂层具有重量为5~20g/m2、由生物可降解的聚酯（除聚乳酸外），例如PBAT，或聚乳酸（50~95重量-%）和其他生物可降解的聚酯（5~50重量-%），例如PBAT，的混合物组成的内部附着层，和重量为5~20g/m2、由聚乳酸或聚乳酸（40~80重量-%）和其他生物可降解的聚酯（20~60重量-%），例如PBAT，的混合物组成的外部热密封层。所述纸或纸板的另一面可留下不涂覆。聚合物涂覆的网状物（web）以5~100m/min，优选为5~20m/min的移动速度被传送经过波长为100~400nm紫外线灯，并且其涂覆面朝向所述灯。UV辐射的网状物被切割为毛坯（blank），所述毛坯被热密封为容器，例如纸板饮水杯，或包装，例如包装盒或硬纸盒。所述密封可使用热空气实现，由此所述空气的温度可以为大约310~400°C。对于受更强辐射的材料，即，以更慢的网状物传送速度，为完成密封所需的空气温度低于受更少辐射的材料。可使用密封钳代替热空气，所述密封钳的温度可以是大约130~160°C；同样在该情况下，受最强辐射的材料，密封钳的温度为最低。
代替移动的网状物，UV辐射也可以被定向于网状物或毛坯的密封线，所述网状物或毛坯相对于辐射器（radiator）是固定的，因此所述线受到更大部分的辐射，而聚合物表面的其他部分则没有暴露在辐射下。由PET涂覆的烘焙纸板组成的托盘毛坯（Tray blank）可以被引用作为一个实施例。
以下，通过应用实施例和所作测试的方式更详细地描述本发明。
实施例1
在重280g/m2的包装板上共挤压由聚己二酸/对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯共聚物（PBAT）组成且重10g/m2的内部附着层，以及由工艺聚乳酸组成且重15g/m2的外部热密封层。冷却挤压出的双层涂层。然后，涂覆的纸板网状物以10m/min的速度被传送至UV辐射器（UV-technik,UVH型-灯），所述UV辐射器的电功率为120W/cm且其在不同波长范围的能谱为约15%UV-C，约8%UV-B，约7%UV-A，约15%可见光，以及约55%IR。将从辐射的纸板上切割下的毛坯弯曲并热密封为饮水杯的呈圆锥形扩大的套筒（jacket），使得所述杯的涂覆且辐射的内表面密封到所述杯的未被辐射的未涂覆的外表面。所述密封使用340°C的热空气，以及使用温度为130°C的热密封钳而实现。在各种情况下，在打开密封的过程中在纤维层发生了100%的撕裂，则获得了完美的密封。换言之，不会观察到通过剥离打开所述密封。
实施例2
在实施例1中所使用的包装板上挤压一个单层涂层，其组成为45%的聚乳酸和55%PBAT，且重24g/m2。在所述涂层冷却后，以实施例1中使用的UV辐射器辐射所述涂覆的网状物，所述网状物的移动速度为10m/min。类似于实施例1，将从涂覆且辐射的纸板上切割下的毛坯弯曲并热密封为饮水杯的套筒。所述密封使用340°C的热空气而实现。在打开密封的过程中在纤维层发生了100%的撕裂，则获得了完美的密封。
实施例3
在实施例1中所使用的包装板上挤压一个单层涂层，其组成为95%的聚乳酸和5%乙烯丙烯酸丁酯甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯三元共聚物（ethylene butylacrylate glycidyl methacrylate terpolymer），且重25g/m2。冷却后，类似于实施例2，所述网状物被UV辐射，并且将从所述网状物上切割下的毛坯弯曲并热密封为饮水杯的套筒。使用340°C的热空气进行密封，在打开所述密封的过程中在纤维层发生了100%的撕裂，则获得了完美的密封。
测试
参考材料为重210g/m2的包装板，其上具有挤压的低密度聚乙烯（LDPE）单层涂层，该涂层重25g/m2。测试材料为重210g/m2的包装板，其上具有挤压的聚乳酸（PLA）单层涂层，该涂层重27g/m2。据此通过将PLA涂覆的纸板以5种不同的速度传送经过实施例1中所提及的UV辐射器，制造测试系列，所述5种不同的速度分别为5m/min、10m/min、20m/min、40m/min和80m/min。此外，所述测试系列包括未被辐射的PLA涂覆的纸板。
在各种情况下，通过把纸板的聚合物涂覆的面密封到纸板的未涂覆的相反面上，将上述材料热密封。所述密封使用热空气或热密封钳在不同温度下实现，以寻找能获得完美密封的最低温度。届时的标准为，所述密封不是以剥离而是以从纸板层100%的撕裂被打开。
密封测试的结果以图表方式呈现在附图1中。可观察到未被UV辐射的PLA涂覆的纸板，与用作参考材料的LDPE涂覆的纸板相比，需要显著更高的密封温度。在使用所有网状物移动速度下UV辐射明显降低了PLA涂覆的纸板的密封温度；网状物的移动速度越慢，则温度降低得越多。对于以10m/min的速度受到辐射的PLA涂覆的纸板来说，其密封性能至少与参考材料，即未被辐射的LDPE涂覆的纸板的密封性能一样好，而速度为5m/min时则明显更好。该结果在使用热空气和热密封钳实现的密封中是基本相同的。
将根据上述实施例2得到的且涂覆有PLA和PBAT的混合物的纸板、根据实施例3得到的且涂覆有PLA和乙烯丙烯酸丁酯甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯三元共聚物的混合物的纸板，以及PET涂覆（25g/m2）的纸板（280g/m2）进行热密封来继续进行测试。所述密封过程仅使用热空气实现。除UV辐射的测试材料之外，参考材料包括没有UV辐射的相同涂覆的纸板。结果显示于附图2中。可见，对于两种均含有PLA的涂层组合物来说，UV辐射明显降低了完美热密封所需的温度。对于PET来说，密封温度的降低是较小的，但在实践中足以提供UV辐射的合理性。
在第三测试系列中，研究了纸板上的PLA涂层到自身的密封。PLA涂覆的纸板以10–80m/min的网状物移动速度被根据上文的UV辐射器辐射，所述PLA涂覆的纸板与第一测试系列中的纸板属于同一级别，即，27g/m2的PLA涂覆层在重210g/m2的纸板上。参考材料包括未被辐射的PLA涂覆的纸板。通过弯曲所述纸板并将其PLA涂层对自身密封来实现所述密封。结果以图表方式显示在附图3中。通过与第一测试系列比较，可观察到相对于密封到未涂覆的纸板表面，PLA层显然更容易密封到自身。然而，在这一情况下，对PLA涂层的UV辐射也明显改善了其密封性能。
在第四测试系列中，根据上文的PLA涂覆的纸板以20m/min和50m/min的网状物移动速度被上文提及的UV辐射器辐射，并且使用热密封钳实现密封。参考材料包括未被辐射的PLA涂覆的纸板。将所述钳的密封温度逐步提高，以找到密封为完美的最低温度。结果以图表方式呈现于附图4中，其中纵轴的刻度表示密封：（1）没有密封；（2）不良的密封；打开时接缝会沙沙作响（rustle），（3）不良的密封；纸板在小于50%的接缝表面积上撕裂，（4）适当的密封；纸板在50%以上的接缝表面积上撕裂，以及（5）完美的密封；纸板在全部的接缝表面积上撕裂。可观察到对PLA涂层的UV辐射还改善了使用钳实现的密封，尤其是在更慢的20m/min的网状物移动速度下，其与未被辐射的参考材料之间的区别是明显的。

Claims (17)

1.一种改善包装材料的热密封性能的方法，其特征在于，将紫外线辐射定向于聚合物层，所述聚合物层属于所述材料并且包含聚酯。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述被UV辐射的聚合物层包含聚乳酸。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述聚合物层中，掺合有聚乳酸（PLA）和聚己二酸/对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯共聚物（PBAT）。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述方法，其特征在于，所述包装材料是通过在纤维基材上挤压出包含聚酯的涂覆层而生产的，所述包装材料被UV辐射。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于，内部聚合物附着层和含有聚乳酸的外层被共挤压在纤维基材上。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述UV辐射的波长为100~400nm。
7.一种生产热密封的容器或包装的方法，其特征在于，提供带有含聚酯的聚合物涂层的纤维基材，UV辐射所述涂层，以及通过热密封所述涂层聚合物来密封所述容器或包装。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于，所述容器是纸板杯，其套筒的垂直接缝通过热密封所述杯的内表面的聚合物涂层而形成。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法，其特征在于，所述杯的聚合物涂覆的内表面被热密封到所述杯的未涂覆的外表面。
10.根据权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于，所述包装是纸板盒包装，其聚合物涂覆的外表面被热密封到所述包装的未涂覆的内表面。
11.根据权利要求7或8所述的方法，其特征在于，提供双面带有聚合物涂层的纤维基材，并且在所述容器或包装的热密封中，其内表面和外表面的聚合物涂层彼此密封。
12.根据权利要求7~11中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述涂层聚合物含有聚乳酸。
13.根据权利要求12所述的方法，其特征在于，所述内部聚合物附着层和含有聚乳酸的外层被共挤压在纤维基材上。
14.根据权利要求7~13中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述热密封使用热空气实现。
15.根据权利要求7~13中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述热密封使用热的密封钳实现。
16.一种密封聚乳酸的方法，其特征在于，将紫外线辐射定向于由聚乳酸或含有聚乳酸的聚合物混合物组成的表面，然后将辐射的表面热密封到相反的表面。
17.根据权利要求16的方法，其特征在于，热密封包装膜或所述膜的表面层，所述包装膜由聚乳酸或含有聚乳酸的聚合物混合物组成。
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