CN102912236A - High-performance and abrasion-resistant hot work die steel and technology for manufacturing same - Google Patents
High-performance and abrasion-resistant hot work die steel and technology for manufacturing same Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to high-performance and abrasion-resistant hot work die steel and a technology for manufacturing the same and belongs to the alloy steel manufacturing process field. The steel is characterized in that appropriate nitrogen is added in steel, the carbon amount is reduced correspondingly, and the steel comprises 0.30% to 0.37% of C, 0.02% to 0.07% of N, 0.8% to 1.20% of Si, 0.2% to 0.5% of Mn, 5.00% to 5.50% of Cr, 1.20% to 1.75% of Mo, 0,80% to 1.20% of V, less than 0.025% of P, less than 0.005% of S, and the balance Fe. Processes for manufacturing the die steel include compounding, atmospheric furnace smelting, electroslag re-melting, stress relief annealing, six direction forging, isothermal spheroidizing and tough strengthening treatment, that is, oil cooling when the steel is heated to 1040 DEG C to 1070 DEG C and tempering at a temperature ranging from 570 DEG C to 600 DEG C. The high-performance and abrasion-resistant hot work die steel has proprieties of rigidity, impact toughness and the like are superior than those of ordinary H13 steel.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the wear-resisting hot-work die steel of a kind of novel high-performance and preparation technology thereof.Novel high-performance abrasion-proof die steel steel takes full advantage of the similarities and differences of nitrogen carbon effect in the iron-based body, by adding the alloying element nitrogen of trace, suitably reduce carbon element content, after Overheating Treatment, performance nitrogen element solid solution is strengthened crystal grain thinning, suppress the effect of Carbide Precipitation, have than the more outstanding performance of common H13 steel, and nitrogen belongs to green element, have very large development prospect.Belong to the steel alloy manufacturing process technology field.
Background technology
H13 die steel is very widely hot-work die steel of a kind of application.The H13 die steel ubiquity that uses at present wears no resistance, and the phenomenon that work-ing life is on the low side is so that metal fever converted products production cost is high.High rigidity and high tenacity are to improve the prerequisite in die steel life-span.Improve the die steel performance, can set about from both direction, the one, change alloying constituent and smelting technology, the 2nd, optimize thermal treatment process.The alloying element that plays high temperature heat resistance and thermostability in the hot-work die steel is the element such as Cr, V normally, and therefore present many research work mainly are the adjustment to these alloying elements.Yet, die steel is to be used for realizing its highly malleablized by the secondary hardening during Carbide Precipitation in the drawing process, and is visible under the prerequisite that does not reduce the die steel performance, changes carbon content, seek also may adjust the hot-work die steel performance for carbon, low-carbon economy is all the more so in future pursuing.
The chemical composition of high-quality H13 steel adopts C 0.37 ~ 0.42wt% in North America die casting standard NADCA#207-2003 at present, Cr 5.00 ~ 5.50wt%, V 0.80 ~ 1.20wt%, Mo 1.20 ~ 1.75wt%, Si 0.80 ~ 1.20wt%, Mn 0.20 ~ 0.50wt%, P≤0.025wt%, S≤0.005wt%,, owing to containing a large amount of secondary hardening elements, the alligatoring of easily growing up under the condition under arms of its tempering attitude proeutectoid carbide, and the alloying element in the tempered martensite also easily separates out and reduces the intensity of steel, thereby the high-temperature behavior of die steel is also decreased.In NADCA#207-2003, the performance index of high-quality H13 steel are: Rockwell hardness number is 44HRC ~ 46HRC after 1030 ℃ of+590 tempering of quenching, and the summer is than the notched bar impact strength aK of v-notch 〉=10J/cm
2, above hardness value and notched bar impact strength are key technical index, are to weigh the main technical details that hot-extrusion mold is used the steel quality quality.
We find summary of the invention recently, the adding of the nitrogen alloying element of trace, original austenite grain after can the tempering of refinement H13 steel, and after the tempering, the nitrogen element is replaced solid solution in matrix by carbon, thereby plays raising hardness, the effect of refinement carbide, below all help to improve the toughness of steel guaranteeing that die steel hardness is technical.Therefore, under the Development patterns of pursuing low-carbon economy, the high-performance abrasion-proof hot-work die steel arises at the historic moment.
In order to address the above problem, the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of nitrogen alloying element by adding trace, original austenite grain after can the tempering of refinement H13 steel, and after the tempering, the nitrogen element is replaced solid solution in matrix by carbon, thereby plays raising hardness, the effect of refinement carbide, below all help to improve high-performance abrasion-proof hot-work die steel and the thermal treatment process thereof of the toughness of steel guaranteeing that die steel hardness is technical.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of high-performance abrasion-proof hot-work die steel, hot-work die steel are characterised in that sets up new alloy ingredient scope and system of heat treatment process, obtains high-strength and high ductility long lifetime hot-work die steel.The mass percent of each principal element is:
C:0.30 ~ 0.37%; N:0.02 ~ 0.07%; Si:0.8 ~ 1.20%; Mn:0.2 ~ 0.5%; Cr:5.00 ~ 5.50%; Mo:1.20 ~ 1.75%; V:0.80 ~ 1.20%; P＜0.025%, S＜0.005%, Fe, surplus.
Further, the mass ratio of each main alloy element is in the chemical composition of this steel: C:0.37%, N:0.03%, Si:0.93%, Mn:0.39%, Cr:5.23%, Mo:1.58%, V:1.06%, P＜0.025%, S＜0.005%, Fe, surplus.
Another object of the present invention provides for the step of preparation process of above-mentioned high-performance abrasion-proof hot-work die steel as follows:
A, smelting: according to the chemical composition mass percent of high-performance abrasion-proof hot-work die steel: C:0.30 ~ 0.37%; N:0.02 ~ 0.07%; Si:0.8 ~ 1.20%; Mn:0.2 ~ 0.5%; Cr:5.00 ~ 5.50%; Mo:1.20 ~ 1.75%; V:0.80 ~ 1.20%; P＜0.025%, S＜0.005%, Fe, surplus is prepared burden, and then induction melting carries out esr;
B, stress relief annealing: after the esr, obtain steel ingot, steel ingot be warmed up to 800 ℃ with stove, then be down to 740 ℃ the insulation 3 ~ 6h after furnace cooling;
C, forging: the steel ingot that will process through above-mentioned steps slowly is warmed up to 850 ℃ of preheating 3h with the rate of heating of≤50 ℃/h, guarantee uniform well-burnt, then continue to be heated to more than 1100 ℃ and be incubated 2h, come out of the stove and carry out six sides forging, each operation upset ratio 〉=2, total forging ratio 〉=4, final forging temperature is controlled at more than 850 ℃, in time changes over to after stopping forging and carries out Slow cooling in the hot sand;
D, isothermal spheroidizing: the steel ingot that above-mentioned steps was processed is warming up to 890 ℃ ~ 930 ℃ insulations with stove, is chilled to soon 730 ℃ of constant temperature afterwards, is incubated 3-6 hour, drops to below 450 ℃ the air cooling of coming out of the stove with the speed less than 50 ℃/h again;
E, quenching and tempering process: will quench through the steel ingot that above-mentioned steps was processed, quenching temperature is 1030 ℃ ~ 1070 ℃, below the oil cooling to 200 ℃, immediately tempering 2 ~ 3 times, each 2 ~ 4h, 570 ℃ ~ 600 ℃ of tempering temperatures, high-performance abrasion-proof hot-work die steel namely.
The principle that the present invention improves thermal treatment process is as follows:
This hot-work die steel is compared with common H13 steel, has suitably added the nitrogen element, and has reduced corresponding carbon content, guarantees that the total amount of carbon nitrogen satisfies 0.37 ~ 0.42%.Nearest research finds that the nitrogen element can refine austenite crystal grain, and after the tempering, the nitrogen element solid solution suppresses Carbide Precipitation in matrix, and above to guaranteeing die steel hardness, improving die steel toughness has very large benefit.High-performance abrasion-proof H13 steel will be brought into play the action of nitrogen, must make corresponding adjustment to thermal treatment process.The isothermal temperature in two stages during common H13 steel isothermal spheroidizing is respectively 870 ℃ ~ 890 ℃ and 740 ℃ ~ 760 ℃.Because many nitrogen elements in the nitrogen alloying H13 steel, for making homogeneous chemical composition, suitably the isothermal temperature with the fs is increased to 890 ℃ ~ 930 ℃, in addition the A of common H13 steel
R1Temperature is about 770 ℃, adds after the nitrogen element that enlarges the austenitic area A
R1Can suitably reduce, so subordinate phase, if still be as the criterion with original about 750 ℃, the uneven distribution of carbide after will causing owing to condensate depression is less annealing produces adverse influence to the final toughness of H13 steel.So the subordinate phase isothermal temperature is reduced to about 730 ℃.
Quenching temperature is also selected 1040 ℃ ~ 1070 ℃ than 1030 ℃ higher of common H13 steel, can improve like this content of solid solution alloy element in the matrix, increases the temper resistance potentiality.Can learn according to phasor, 570 ℃ ~ 600 ℃ is the temperature of nitrogen element solubleness maximum in matrix, and can bring into play the maximum effect of nitrogen element this moment.
The high-performance abrasion-proof hot-work die steel is after the above-mentioned thermal treatment of process, and under its identical toughness reguirements, hardness will be higher than top grade (premium) the H13 steel requirement of North America die casting standard (NADCA#207-2003).
The annex explanation
Fig. 1 high-performance abrasion-proof hot-work die steel after heat treatment organize metallograph.
The tempered-hardness curve of Fig. 2 high-performance abrasion-proof hot-work die steel and common H13 steel.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment to technical scheme of the present invention
Embodiment 1:
The chemical composition of the high-performance abrasion-proof hot-work die steel that adopts in this example and content (wt%) thereof are as follows:
C:0.37; N:0.029; Si:0.93; Mn:0.39; Cr:5.23; Mo:1.58; V:1.06; P:0.022%, S:0.045%, Fe surplus.
In this example, technological process and the step of die steel are as follows:
A) electrosmelting: by above-mentioned alloying element proportioning, carry out melting, be cast into the electric shock baton of Φ 90mm.
B) esr: the steel ingot of casting is placed electroslag furnace, carry out esr.Electrode voltage 45V, current of electric 3000A.
C) stress relief annealing: behind the electroslag, steel ingot is warmed up to 800 ℃ with stove, then be down to 740 ℃ the insulation 4h after furnace cooling.
D) forge: with the steel ingot after the above-mentioned annealing, Heating temperature to 1150 ℃ is carried out six sides forging; The total forging ratio in each operation upset ratio 〉=2 〉=4, final forging temperature is controlled at more than 850 ℃.In time change over to after stopping forging and carry out Slow cooling in the hot sand.
E, isothermal spheroidizing technique are: cold+730 ℃ * the 3h/ stove is cold, is down to the air cooling of coming out of the stove below 450 ℃ with the rate of cooling of≤50 ℃/h soon for 890 ℃ * 4h/.
F, the temper of quenching: 1050 ℃ of quenching temperatures, oil cooling.Tempering temperature is 590 ℃, double tempering, for the first time 2.0h, for the second time 2h.
High-performance abrasion-proof hot-work die steel of the present invention allows after the thermal treatment through above-mentioned, carries out performance test:
Hardness test: hardness is 49HRC after the tempering.
The average impact value of room temperature is 15.8J/cm than V mouth impact specimen (North America die casting standard) the accurate summer of label taking on blank
-2, minimum value＞11.0J/cm
-2
In the North America die casting standard, the condition that the H13 steel should satisfy is: hardness 44HRC ~ 46HRC, average notched bar impact strength＞13.5J/cm
-2, minimum value＞10cm
-2So can find out the nitrogen alloying hot-work die steel through after the thermal treatment among the present invention, in the situation that toughness approaches, hardness has improved 3 ~ 5HRC.
Can find out in the accompanying drawing two, the wear-resisting hot-work die steel in this example also is better than common H13 steel aspect temper resistance.
Embodiment 2:
In this example, the high-performance abrasion-proof hot-work die steel is processed into the mould of extruding louvres in Guangdong Chinalco, carries out the on probation of actual production.Actual result on trial: two mold output have all reached 12t, and the mean yield of the said firm's common H13 steel die in the past is 6.5t, has improved nearly 85% die life.
The chemical composition of the high-performance abrasion-proof hot-work die steel that adopts in this example and content (wt.%) thereof are as follows:
C:0.35; N:0.04; Si:1.00; Mn:0.31; Cr:5.00; Mo:1.40; V:0.9; P:0.02%, S:0.004%, Fe surplus.
In this example, technological process and the step of die steel are as follows:
E) electrosmelting: by above-mentioned alloying element proportioning, carry out melting, be cast into the electric shock baton of Φ 90mm.
F) esr: the steel ingot of casting is placed electroslag furnace, carry out esr.Electrode voltage 45V, current of electric 3000A.
G) stress relief annealing: behind the electroslag, with steel ingot with stove be warmed up to 800 ℃ carry out " zero " insulation, then be down to 740 ℃ the insulation 3h after furnace cooling.
H) forge: with the steel ingot after the above-mentioned annealing, Heating temperature to 1150 ℃ is carried out six sides forging; The total forging ratio in each operation upset ratio 〉=2 〉=4, final forging temperature is controlled at more than 850 ℃.In time change over to after stopping forging and carry out Slow cooling in the hot sand.
E, isothermal spheroidizing technique are: cold+730 ℃ * the 4h/ stove is cold, is down to the air cooling of coming out of the stove below 450 ℃ with the rate of cooling of≤50 ℃/h soon for 930 ℃ * 4h/.
F, the temper of quenching: 1030 ℃ of quenching temperatures, oil cooling.Tempering temperature is 570 ℃, double tempering, for the first time 2.5h, for the second time 3h.
Embodiment 3:
C:0.30; N:0.07; Si:1.2; Mn:0.50; Cr:5.50; Mo:1.75; V:1.20; P:0.015%, S:0.003%, Fe surplus.
In this example, technological process and the step of die steel are as follows:
I) electrosmelting: by above-mentioned alloying element proportioning, carry out melting, be cast into the electric shock baton of Φ 90mm.
J) esr: the steel ingot of casting is placed electroslag furnace, carry out esr.Electrode voltage 45V, current of electric 3000A.
K) stress relief annealing: behind the electroslag, steel ingot is warmed up to 800 ℃ with stove, then be down to 740 ℃ the insulation 6h after furnace cooling.
L) forge: with the steel ingot after the above-mentioned annealing, Heating temperature to 1150 ℃ is carried out six sides forging; The total forging ratio in each operation upset ratio 〉=2 〉=4, final forging temperature is controlled at more than 850 ℃.In time change over to after stopping forging and carry out Slow cooling in the hot sand.
E, isothermal spheroidizing technique are: cold+730 ℃ * the 6h/ stove is cold, is down to the air cooling of coming out of the stove below 450 ℃ with the rate of cooling of≤50 ℃/h soon for 930 ℃ * 4h/.
F, the temper of quenching: 1070 ℃ of quenching temperatures, oil cooling.Tempering temperature is 600 ℃, double tempering, for the first time 3h, for the second time 4h.
Claims (3)
1. high-performance abrasion-proof hot-work die steel is characterized in that the mass percent of each main alloy element in the chemical composition of this steel is: C:0.30 ~ 0.37%; N:0.02 ~ 0.07%; Si:0.8 ~ 1.20%; Mn:0.2 ~ 0.5%; Cr:5.00 ~ 5.50%; Mo:1.20 ~ 1.75%; V:0.80 ~ 1.20%; P＜0.025%, S＜0.005%, Fe, surplus.
2. high-performance abrasion-proof hot-work die steel according to claim 1, the mass ratio that it is characterized in that each main alloy element in the chemical composition of this steel is: C:0.37%, N:0.03%, Si:0.93%, Mn:0.39%, Cr:5.23%, Mo:1.58%, V:1.06%, P＜0.025%, S＜0.005%, Fe, surplus.
3. preparation technology such as claim 1 or the described high-performance abrasion-proof hot-work die steel of 2 any one is characterized in that: this technique has and may further comprise the steps:
A, smelting: according to the chemical composition mass percent of high-performance abrasion-proof hot-work die steel: C:0.30 ~ 0.37%; N:0.02 ~ 0.07%; Si:0.8 ~ 1.20%; Mn:0.2 ~ 0.5%; Cr:5.00 ~ 5.50%; Mo:1.20 ~ 1.75%; V:0.80 ~ 1.20%; P＜0.025%, S＜0.005%, Fe, surplus is prepared burden, and then induction melting carries out esr;
B, stress relief annealing: after the esr, obtain steel ingot, steel ingot be warmed up to 800 ℃ with stove, then be down to 740 ℃ the insulation 3 ~ 6h after furnace cooling;
C, forging: the steel ingot that will process through above-mentioned steps slowly is warmed up to 850 ℃ of preheating 3h with the rate of heating of≤50 ℃/h, guarantee uniform well-burnt, then continue to be heated to more than 1100 ℃ and be incubated 2h, come out of the stove and carry out six sides forging, each operation upset ratio 〉=2, total forging ratio 〉=4, final forging temperature is controlled at more than 850 ℃, in time changes over to after stopping forging and carries out Slow cooling in the hot sand;
D, isothermal spheroidizing: the steel ingot that above-mentioned steps was processed is warming up to 890 ℃ ~ 930 ℃ insulations with stove, is chilled to soon 730 ℃ of constant temperature afterwards, and insulation 3-6h drops to below 450 ℃ the air cooling of coming out of the stove again with the speed less than 50 ℃/h;
E, quenching and tempering process: will quench through the steel ingot that above-mentioned steps was processed, quenching temperature is 1030 ℃ ~ 1070 ℃, below the oil cooling to 200 ℃, immediately tempering 2 ~ 3 times, each 2 ~ 4h, 570 ℃ ~ 600 ℃ of tempering temperatures namely obtain the high-performance abrasion-proof hot-work die steel.
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