CN102676923A - Steel with ultra-high thermal conductivity for hot-stamping die and preparation method of steel - Google Patents
Steel with ultra-high thermal conductivity for hot-stamping die and preparation method of steel Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a novel material with ultra-high thermal conductivity for a hot-stamping die. The steels in the market for the hot-stamping die are mainly various types of improved H13 and H11 high-alloy hot work die steels. The steel in the invention comprises the following compositions in percentage by mass: 0.150-0.35% of C, less than or equal to 0.25% of Si, 0.08-0.20% of Mn,1.0-2.0% of W,2.0-4.5% of Mo, less than or equal to 0.30% of Cr,less than or equal to 0.02% of V and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurity elements, wherein S in the impurity elements is less than or equal to 0.005%, P in the impurity elements is less than or equal to 0.01 and O in the impurity elements is less than or equal to 30 ppm (parts per million). The invention is characterized in that simple elements i.e. C, Mo and W are used as the main elements, and proper proportion of carbide is adopted; the contents of Mn and Cr are maintained low, and the content of Si is maintained ultra-low; the steel has superior machining property after being subjected to electro-smelting, electro-slag remelting, annealing, high-temperature homogenization, forging and annealing; through thermal treatment (1060-1100 DEG C quenching and high-temperature annealing), the toughness of the steel can reach the toughness of common hot-stamping die steel such as H13, and the hardness, annealing stability and the fatigue property of the steel are more superior; particularly, the steel with lower coefficient of thermal expansion and ultra-high thermal conductivity is more suitable for hot stamping.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of excessive heat conductance hot stamping die with steel and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Roughly can die steel be divided into cold-work die steel, hot-work die steel and plastic die steel three major types by the mould service condition.The hot stamping die steel belongs to hot-work die steel.Along with the high speed development of automobile industry, and the improving constantly of automobile lightweight demand, hot press-formed technology is mainly used in and obtains the superstrength stamping parts.When obtaining ultrahigh-strength steel, because the required plastic force of cold punching forming process is very big, cause easily that mould damages, the equipment vibrations, and also be prone to produce problem such as break, wrinkling, bounce-back, dimensional precision are bad.Therefore, the needs that no longer satisfy technology and production development of original cold punching forming process, and hot press-formed technology utilization metal is under the condition of high temperature, and its plasticity and ductility increase sharply, and ys descends rapidly.The hot stamping die steel is the rapid rising of nearly usage quantity decades and consumes one of maximum die steel that its working condition is also more complicated than general hot-work die steel.
The steel hot stamping process is that special high tensile steel plate is heated to the austenitic temperature scope; Move quickly into mould; Punching press fast; Mould (rather than air) through being furnished with cooling loop under the press packing state carries out quench cooled (and will guarantee certain speed of cooling) to part, obtain at last the superstrength stamping parts (be organized as martensite, intensity about 1500MPa in addition higher).When work; Because mould directly contacts with the blank of heating, when red-hot metal was put into the hot stamping die die cavity, mold cavity surface sharply heated up; And the top layer produces stress and compressive strain when punching press and pressurize, and this makes mould need heat resistance and thermostability preferably; In pressure maintaining period, component are quenched through the mould that has cooling water channel; In order to make mould can be soon take away and guarantee the mould precision in the process under arms to the heat of steel plate, moulding stock must have bigger thermal conductivity and less thermal expansivity; When metalwork took out, mold cavity surface received tensile stress and stretching strain effect owing to rapid cooling, very easily produced thermal fatigue at the operating mode bed die of this checker temperature; And the hot stamping die steel in the process, also will receive greater impact load, so mould need possess good toughness under arms.Be the plucking that prevents that die surface from producing in the process under arms, mould also need have higher hardness.Therefore, complicated working condition requirement hot stamping die material has high thermal, hot strength, hardness, impelling strength, hardening capacity and thermostability and cold-and-heat resistent fatigue property etc.
Still there is not special suitable hot press-formed moulding stock at present both at home and abroad.What at present, the hot stamping die steel that uses of China adopted is that grade of steel is 4Cr5MoSiV1 (being equivalent to North America standard H13 steel) among standard GB/T1299-2000.The chemical ingredients of this hot stamping die steel adopts C 0.32-0.45wt%, Cr 4.75-5.50wt%, Mo 1.20-1.75 wt%, V 0.80-1.20 wt%, Si 0.80-1.2wt%, Mn 0.20-0.5wt%, P≤0.03wt%, S≤0.03wt%.At present, what Japanese enterprises adopted is hot-work die steel SKD61 (being equivalent to North America standard H13 steel), and that Sweden hot stamping die supplier adopts is ORVAR, and what German enterprise adopted is CR7V and 1.2379.Theoretically, ferritic thermal conductivity is the highest in the tissue of steel, is about 71 ~ 80W/mK, and the tempered martensite thermal conductivity is 35W/mK, and the thermal conductivity of cementite is minimum to be 7W/mK.Carbon Medium Alloy Steel during existing H13 hot stamping die steel belongs to, ferritic ratio is not high in the tempered martensite that obtains.From thermal conduction mechanism; For pure metal; It is main machine-processed for unbound electron heat conduction moving heat conduction through unbound electron, and heat conducting resistance mainly is the scattering temperature increase of lattice vibration phonon to unbound electron, the lattice vibration aggravation; Phonon increases the resistance of unbound electron motion, causes its capacity of heat transmission to descend.Existing H13 steel contains the alloying element of more kind, and the existence of alloying element causes the lattice distortion of atom iron, reduces thermal conductivity; Particularly contain higher Si element in the Chemical Composition, the outer electronic structure of Si and Fe differ greatly, can the serious thermal conductivity that reduces steel.These factors make that all the thermal conductivity of existing hot stamping die steel H13 is not high.And its chemical ingredients contains molybdenum, chromium element and a certain amount of carbon, so the segregation of its material ESR ingot is serious, has a large amount of bulk liquation carbide in the tissue after becoming a useful person, and makes that the toughness of material is not enough, occurs early stage Cracking Failure easily.Because this material contains a large amount of secondary hardening elements; Grow up under the condition under arms easily alligatoring and occurrence type of its tempering attitude proeutectoid carbide changes; And the alloying element in the tempered martensite also separates out easily and reduces the intensity of steel, thereby reduces the high-temperature behavior of steel.
China and foreign countries' patent retrieval content analysis to correlation technique
Keyword through importing relevant content of the present invention is being retrieved discovery to China and foreign countries' patent, relates to the hot-work die steel that is associated with this patent and the patent No. of metallurgical manufacturing technology thereof to do
1) patent No. application number: 201080014370.0, title: have the hot working tool steel of outstanding toughness and thermal conductivity, its Chemical Composition weight percent content is: C=0.2-1.2%; N=0-1%; B=0-1%; Cr < 1.5%; Ni=1.0-9; Si < 0.4; Mn=0-3%; Al=0-2.5%; Mo=0-10%; W=0-15%; Ti=0-3%; Ta=0-3%; Zr=0-3%; Hf=0-3%; V=0-4%; Nb=0-3; Cu=0-4%; Co=0-6%; S=0-1%; Se=0-1%; Te=0-1%; Bi=0-1%; As=0-1%; Sb=0-1%; Ca=0-1%; Surplus is made up of iron and unavoidable impurities, and wherein %Ceq=%C+0.86*%N+1.2*%B is characterized in that %Mo+1/2*%W>1.2
2) patent No. application number: CN200810046104.0, title: a kind of novel chromium system hot die steel and thermal treatment process thereof, its Chemical Composition weight percent content is: carbon C 0.35～0.7%, silicon Si 0.3～1.3%; Manganese Mn 0.3～1.3%, chromium Cr 7.0～11.0%, tungsten W 0.4～1.2%; Molybdenum Mo 0.4～1.2%, vanadium V 0.4～1.2%, nickel 1.0%; Sulphur S≤0.005%, phosphorus P≤0.030%, boron 0.03%-0.10%; The scope of amount of nitrides is 0.02%≤nitride≤0.20%, 0.02%≤nitrogen N≤0.10%, and its surplus is iron Fe.
3) patent No. application number: CN200810101341.2, title: a kind of low-cost hot working die steel, its Chemical Composition weight percent content is: C:0.38-0.42%, Si:0.9-1.1%; S≤0.030%, P≤0.030%, Mn:0.3-0.5%; W:0.9-1.2%, Mo:0.45-0.55%, Cr:4.8-5.2%; V:0.25-0.45%, Nb:0.08-0.15%, all the other are Fe and unavoidable impurities.
4) patent No. application number: 200810035538.0, title: hot-work die steel, its Chemical Composition weight percent content is: C 0.36-0.44, Si 0.25-0.50; Mn 0.20-0.80, P≤0.030, S≤0.030; Cr 3.00-4.00, Mo 1.60-2.20, W 1.50-2.00; V 0.80-1.50, Co 0.50-1.50, surplus is Fe.
5) patent Patent:JP2008095181 (A); Title: HOT-WORKING TOOL STEEL HAVING SUPERIOR TOUGHNESS AND HIGH-TEMPERATURE STRENGTH, comprising in terms of % by mass:0.34 to 0.40% C, 0.3 to, 0.5% Si; 0.45 to 0.75% Mn; 0 to less than, 0.5% Ni, 4.9 to, 5.5% Cr, Mo and/or W singly or totally in an amount of 2.5 to, 2.9% in (Mo+1/2W) terms; 0.5 to 0.7% V, and the balance Fe with unavoidable impurities.
6) Patent:JP10248749, title: HOT-WORKING TOOL STEEL AND MEMBER FOR HIGH TEMPERATURE USE, MADE OF THE HOT-WORKING TOOL STEEL, The steel has a composition consisting of; By weight, 0.10-0.50% C ,≤0.5% Si ,≤1.5% Mn; ≤1.5% Ni, 3.0-13.0% Cr, 0-3.0% Mo, 1.0-8.0% W; 0.01-1.0% V, 0.01-1.0% Nb, 1.0-10.0% Co; 0. 003-0.04% B, 0.005-0.05% N, and the balance Fe with inevitable impurities and containing
Comparative analysis is following: can find out that from the contrast of composition the constituent content of Chemical Composition of the present invention is obviously different with patent 1-6, element is also just different to the mechanism of the performance effect of material, and the applied environment of material is also different.
1) patented claim 201080014370.0 is in order to obtain high heat conductance TS, to adopt lower C, Si and Mn content with the similar part of the present invention; The Cr element of control low levels; And add W and Mo, but the alloying principle of patent 201080014370.0 has added Ni and N, B; Add Ni and help obtaining high hardening capacity, and interpolation N and B make the C in some carbide replaced by N and B, thereby obtain high heat conductance.In order to coordinate the ratio that Mo and W among the present invention form carbide, C content of the present invention is 0.15 ~ 0.35% lower than the C content 0.2-1.2% of patent 201080014370.0, thereby obtains high heat conductance.
2) patent CN200810046104.0 brings up to 7 ~ 11% with chromium content; Mainly be to consider that chromium is more general and inexpensive alloying element; A part can be dissolved in and played the solution strengthening effect in the steel; A part combines with carbon, presses the chrome content height and exists with (FeCr) 3C, (FeCr) 7C3 and M23C6 form.In addition, when containing chromium, molybdenum in the steel, Cr>3% o'clock, chromium can be postponed the coherence of Mo2C and separated out, and Mo2C improves the hot strength of steel and the strengthening phase of temper resistance.And the interpolation of alloying elements cr can reduce the thermal conductivity of steel.And the present invention and its Chemical Composition are by contrast controlled Cr content below 0.3% in forming, and do not use the Cr element basically, and the hot stamping die steel that makes the present invention make has better thermal conductivity, hot strength and temper resistance.What patent CN200810046104.0 was different with the present invention is to have added 1% nickel, and this compares the characteristics that have with the present invention be through in steel, having increased nickel, having come crystal grain thinning to increase toughness.Ni is the same to obtain thinner tissue and the present invention does not add; Patent CN200810046104.0 Chemical Composition composition is compared unique similar part with the present invention be Mo and the W element that adds; But the present invention adds Mo and W is higher than patent CN200810046104.0, and this makes and forms a large amount of tungsten in the tissue of material and the carbide of molybdenum carries out build up.The present invention and its Chemical Composition does not by contrast add nickel element in forming, and controls lower silicon, manganese, chromium constituent content, and reduces carbon content; Increase molybdenum content; Its strengthening effect to performance mainly is that low-carbon (LC) obtains more ferrite matrixes, thereby obtains higher thermal conductivity through low alloying (the low manganese chromium of low silicon); And the compound action of the multiple carbide of molybdenum and tungsten obtains better hot strength of steel and temper resistance etc.; And adopt electroslag remelting process, high-temperature homogenization and micronization heat treatment process control material tissue, play strengthening effect, improve its performance index material.
3) patent CN200810101341.2 Chemical Composition composition is compared with the present invention and has been increased Nb (0.08～0.15%) element; The Nb element mainly is solid-solubilized in matrix; And be evenly distributed; Play the effect of solution strengthening, and the Nb in the material structure separates out NbC from the matrix disperse, the anti-temper softening ability of strongthener in long-time insulation the time; Contain the chromium 4.8 ~ 5.2% and silicon 0.9-1.1% of high level, can form the oxidation-resistance that dense oxidation film improves steel, the chromium that adds less than 6% is favourable to improving resistance to tempering, but fails to constitute secondary hardening.In conjunction with the carbon of 0.38-0.42%, the carbide that can form a large amount of chromium, molybdenum carries out build up, and its effect and strengthening mechanism to performance mainly is further matrix to be strengthened through the carbide that increases chromium, molybdenum, niobium; Increase element V (0.25-0.45%) than the present invention and come crystal grain thinning; C that adds and Si, Mn are high than the present invention.
4) patent 200810035538.0 and the similar part of the present invention are that the content of the W that adds is much the same; But the carbon of patent 200810035538.0, silicone content are higher than the present invention, and have increased Cr3.00-4.00%, V0.80-1.50% and Co0.50-1.50%, and patent 200810035538.0 is added Cr and considered that a Cr part can be dissolved in to play the solution strengthening effect in the steel; A part combines with carbon; Add Co and consider that in special steel grade, Co can improve the high-temperature behavior of steel, strengthen the red hardness of steel; Improve anti-oxidant and corrosion resistance, be the important alloy element of super-hard high-speed steel and superalloy; Interpolation V is for crystal grain thinning and obtains the carbide reinforced tissue of V and improve high-temperature behavior.
5) patent JP2008095181 Chemical Composition forms that to compare similar part with the present invention be that silicone content is all controlled lowlyer; This is the same with present technique to help reducing the infringement of silicon to the thermal conductivity of material; Reduce the appearance of banded structure, can improve the lateral performance of steel simultaneously; Molybdenum content remains on 2.5-2.9% and helps when tempering, separating out Mo2C in the martensite, makes steel have the effect of secondary hardening.But nickel, chromium and v element have been increased among the patent JP2008095181.
6) because the scope definition of the constituent contents such as carbon, manganese, silicon and molybdenum of patent JP10248749 all than broad, carbon of the present invention, manganese, silicon and molybdenum content are within the scope of patent JP10248749.Patent JP10248749 mainly strengthens the toughness of steel through high Ni, and makes grain refining improve hardening capacity, enhanced tissue etc.But the present invention's different features with it is Ni, V and the Ne element that does not contain among the patent JP10248749; But W elements content is 1. 0 ~ 2.0% to be higher than patent JP10248749; Mainly reach strengthening effect through the carbide that forms molybdenum and tungsten; And other alloying element of the present invention all keeps lower content, thereby makes steel obtain the thermal conductivity of superelevation.
Can find out that from above comparative analysis the composition and the mechanism of action thereof of the present invention and the patent alloying element that is retrieved are different.
Summary of the invention
Defective to prior art exists the objective of the invention is a kind of excessive heat heat conduction press tool with steel and preparation method.Its objective is the proportioning that adopts a kind of simple Chemical Composition; Coordinated the proportioning that C and W and Mo form carbide; Adopt 1080 ℃ of quenchings, make the abundant solid solution of alloying element, reach the purpose of the Key Performance Indicators such as thermal conductivity, hardness, impelling strength and anti-temper resistance that improve material.From practicing thrift the angle of Financial cost, adopt C, Mo, three kinds of elements of W as main alloy element, keep low Mn, low Cr, ultralow Si content, fully reduce of the influence of element such as Si to thermal conductivity, make this patent steel possess the thermal conductivity of superelevation.Main Mo and the W element of adding; Make the carbide that forms the complicacy of a large amount of W and Mo in the tissue of material reach strengthening effect; The carbide of this two kinds of elements can guarantee its plasticity and toughness again on the intensity based that increases steel; And can make steel obtain that good temper resistance, red hardness, heat resistance, particularly W can form alloy carbide and the wear resistance that increases steel.Thereby a kind of have excessive heat conductance, high firmness, good anti-temper resistance and the low-cost economical hot stamping die steel of good impelling strength have been developed.
For achieving the above object, the technical scheme that the present invention adopts is following:
A kind of excessive heat conductance hot stamping die is used steel, and the main following column element of its alloying constituent is formed (in the quality percentage composition):
C：0.150-0.35%；
Si：≤0.25%；
Mn：0.08-0.20%；
W：1.0-2.0%；
Mo：2.?0-4.5%；
Cr：≤0.30%；
V：≤0.02%；
All the other are Fe and unavoidable impurities element, S in the impurity element :≤0.005%; P :≤0.01; O :≤30ppm.
Below be the effect of main chemical elements of the present invention:
C?0.15~0.35%
Carbon is the important element of homogeneity of structure that influences component segregation and the steel of steel; Aspect thermal conductivity: little when when carbon exists with the second phase form damage ratio of the steel capacity of heat transmission being present in matrix with the solid solution form; It can make strong carbide and the weak carbide of Mn get into the carbide from matrix; Thereby raising thermal conductivity; Therefore this patent has been coordinated the composition proportion of carbon and tungsten and molybdenum, makes tungsten and molybdenum all form carbide as far as possible, and don't makes carbon content too high; Simultaneously; Carbon is one of main chemical elements of high heat-intensity hot-work die steel; A carbon part gets into the effect that matrix plays solution strengthening; Another part then is to form chromium carbide, molybdenum carbide, vanadium carbide and all kinds carbide, some alloy carbides wherein can be in drawing process on the quenched martensite matrix disperse separate out and produce the secondary hardening phenomenon.The original relatively material 4Cr5MoSiV1 of the design's carbon content decreases; Its objective is and obtain more ferrite matrix as far as possible; Thereby improve thermal conductivity and toughness, and improve the distribution and the character of the carbide in the microstructure of steel, improve the rank and the distribution of the liquation carbide of steel.Therefore; If carbon content is higher than this composition design upper limit; To cause the formation of too much carbide and the segregation of tissue to produce, influence the impelling strength performance index of steel, and particularly cause the ununiformity of the liquation carbide of steel seriously to make the impelling strength of steel reduce; But this composition Design scope that is lower than carbon also will cause carbon and other alloying elements to combine to form the equivalent generation deviation of carbide; Can not form stable molybdenum carbide, tungsten carbide and all kinds carbide compound action effectively, influence hardness, impelling strength and the high-temperature behavior of steel.
Si?<0.25%
Outer silicon electronic structure and Fe differ greatly, and research shows that it can seriously reduce the heat conductivility of steel, and therefore the content with respect to silicon in the material 4Cr5MoSiV1 this patent reduces a lot.Reduce silicone content, can obtain the inclusion of low amount, make macrostructure's homogenizing more, the dentrite refinement of microcosmic solidified structure, and can reduce the constitutional supercooling on the freezing interface when solidifying, plasticity and toughness increase.Silicon is one ferritic is replaced the very effective element of solution strengthening, is only second to phosphorus, but reduces the toughness and the plasticity of steel simultaneously to a certain extent.The main solid solution of Si is in matrix; Do not form carbide; Also be insoluble to other carbide, except the hardening capacity that improves steel, Si also helps to improve the dispersity of in the high tempering process, separating out alloy carbide; The secondary hardening peak is increased; Thereby Si is the effective element that improves the intensity of matrix and improve resistance to tempering, and the effect of element silicon is can in the drawing process of austenite after martensitic transformation, effectively hinder martensitic decomposition so that steel martensitic decomposition in the tempered process slows down; This mainly is through suppressing growing up and enlarging the εTan Huawu stable region of εTan Huawu particle, having postponed the transformation of ε-carbide to θ-carbide.Silicon is postponed ε → θ and is changed, and can fully reduce the growth rate of cementite in drawing process in the steel, and Siliciumatom suppresses the alligatoring of growing up of θ phase from the enrichment region that θ separated out and around the θ phase, formed Siliciumatom mutually; Silicon can effectively improve the anti-temper softening ability of steel in addition.
But, also can increase the weight of the decarburization susceptibility of steel when the silicon amount is too high, and carbide accumulative overaging speed is increased and be difficult to control.In addition, silicon and manganese acting in conjunction make the high-temperature behavior of steel, obtain improving more significantly like high temperature anti-temper softening performance and thermal fatigue property, and these are all favourable to hot-work die steel use properties and life-span.Comprehensive what time above, this patent adds a spot of Si.
Mn?0.08-0.20%
In steelmaking process, manganese is good reductor and sweetening agent.Contain character and shape that Mn can change steel formed oxide compound when solidifying in the steel.Simultaneously it and S have bigger avidity; Can avoid on crystal boundary, forming low-melting sulfide FeS; And exist with the higher MnS with certain plasticity of fusing point, thereby can prevent that the hot-short phenomenon that causes because of FeS from eliminating the harmful effect of sulphur, improve the hot workability of steel.Manganese dissolves in the hardening capacity that can increase steel in the austenite strongly, the strong simultaneously Ms point that lowers steel.Mn has the solution strengthening effect, thereby improves ferritic and austenitic intensity and hardness, though the too late carbon of its solid solution strengthening effect, phosphorus and silicon, it is to the almost not influence of ductility of steel.Manganese is weak carbide forming element, and it is solvable goes into to form alloyed cementite in the cementite (its formation can reduce the free energy of system for Fe, Mn) 3C, promptly is tending towards more steady state.
Though manganese element is weak carbide forming element, can not form carbide reinforced effect, the adding of a certain amount of manganese element can promote the decomposition of cementite and postpone separating out and growing up of carbide, help the thermostability of steel.In addition, manganese element can cause the content of the residual austenite in the steel to increase with stable, can improve the toughness and the thermal fatigue resistance of steel like this.
But the manganese too high levels can make fragility increase, and weakens the resistance to corrosion of steel, reduces heat conductivility, welding property etc., takes all factors into consideration its content is controlled at 0.085 ~ 0.2%.
Cr?≤0.30?%
Though the chromium element can solid solution in ferritic, can form carbide again.And add the chromium element in the existing hot-work die steel mostly; The chromium carbide type is that Cr7C3 and Cr23C6 type carbide play the effect of strengthening matrix; And the control of this chromium element makes steel in the tempered process, separate out stable disperse phase; This disperse phase M7C3 and Cr23C6 not only can improve the anti-tempered performance of steel, and can make steel produce certain red hardness, improve the heat resistance of steel.But consider that when tempering temperature is higher than 600 ℃ the carbide of Cr is just assembled alligatoring rapidly, makes that the anti-tempering stabilization energy of steel is relatively poor.Therefore; An anti-convention among the design is controlled at chromium content≤0.30% scope, mainly utilizes the carbide of W and Mo to replace the effect of chromium carbide; Can not only play the same effect, also reduce Cr the influence of thermal conductivity and the cost of alloy that has reduced steel.
Mo?2.0-4.5%
Molybdenum can make the grain refining of steel, improves hardening capacity and heat resistance ability, when high temperature, keeps enough intensity and creep resisting abilities (at high temperature receive stress for a long time, deform, claim creep).In TS, can improve red property.Molybdenum element is the strong carbide forming element, also is one of important chemical element in the design of the design's composition, and the Mo 1.20-1.75wt% of the add-on of the molybdenum element in the design from original 4Cr5MoSiV1 steel brings up to 2.0-4.5%.Because the solid solubility temperature of molybdenum is not high; Just solid solution in a large number during low temperature quenching; And in the tempered process separating out with parallel fine acicular (two dimension is the synusia shape) on the subgrain boundary of form in martensite lath of M2C, keep coherence with matrix, improve the hot hardness of steel.Therefore, through improving Mo content in the steel, in the answer that improves tempered martensite, recrystallization temperature, Mo can form comparatively tiny carbide in steel, thereby further improves the heat resistance and the thermostability of material.The adding of molybdenum element has improved the hardening capacity of austenitic stability of steel and steel; And in the drawing process of steel, combine to form separating out of a fairly large number of more stable M2C alloy carbide with carbon; This precipitation process is that a kind of particle strengthening phase of disperse is separated out; Comparatively be evenly distributed in the matrix of steel, have age hardening effect preferably.This scope that is controlled at of the add-on of molybdenum makes steel in the tempered process, obtain more M2C alloy carbide, and produces the effect of twice bigger reinforcement, and this plays an important role to the hardness of steel and the raising of impelling strength.In addition, add tungsten in this patent, make molybdenum and tungsten form multiple complicated carbide, not only increased the intensity of steel, also increased the anti-temper resistance and the heat resistance of steel.
W：1.?0~2.0%
The effect of tungsten mainly is temper resistance, red hardness, the heat resistance that increases steel and forms alloy carbide and increase its wear resistance; Add molybdenum and W elements in this patent; Make to form a large amount of molybdenums in the tissue of material and the carbide of tungsten carries out build up, and help improving thermal conductivity.
V：≤0.02%
On the one hand, v element is the strong carbide forming element, and the strengthening effect in steel is similar with molybdenum element, in order to coordinate the proportioning of carbon and molybdenum and tungsten, the V element of this patent control low levels.In addition, the solid solubility temperature of vanadium is higher, if obtain the carbide of vanadium and quench at comparatively high temps that to be prone to produce crystal grain thick; Make toughness not enough, the carbide of vanadium forms primary carbide easily in the steel process of setting simultaneously, reticulates or chain is distributed in original austenite crystal prevention; Difficult heavily molten, thus the toughness of reduction steel, therefore; V element content is less than 0.02% in the present technique steel, reduces separating out of primary carbide, improves the toughness of steel.
P?≤0.03%
In the ordinary course of things, phosphorus is the harmful element in the steel, increases the fragility of steel, reduces the impelling strength of steel, so phosphoric control is the smelting requirements of the strictness of present technique steel, can certain influence be arranged desired value to rigidity.
S?≤0.030%
Sulphur mainly is present in the steel with the form of sulfide.It is generally acknowledged that sulphur is one of harmful element in the steel.Sulphur is easy to segregation in steel, worsen the quality of steel.When existing, will cause the hot-short phenomenon of steel like form with the lower FeS of fusing point.Element sulphur causes the deterioration of the processing characteristics of steel easily on certain degree, make steel in hot worked process, produce overheated and burn-off phenomenon easily.Continuous forging processing when therefore controlling processing characteristics and the mechanical property that sulphur content can guarantee steel, particularly diameter and forging the machine hammer cogging produced superheat play the effect of drawing up.And the improvement of the microstructure of hot-work die steel played a role.
A kind of excessive heat conductance hot stamping die is used to prepare above-mentioned excessive heat conductance hot stamping die and uses steel with the preparation method of steel, and present method adopts following steps:
(a) melting: use the Steel Alloy composition by excessive heat conductance hot stamping die, in quality percentage composition: C:0.150-0.35%; Si :≤0.25%; Mn:0.08-0.20%; W:1.0-2.0%; Mo:2. 0-4.5%; Cr :≤0.30%; V :≤0.02%; All the other are Fe and unavoidable impurities element, S in the impurity element :≤0.005%; P :≤0.01; O :≤30ppm carries out melting by the method that tradition is conventional, and admixtion is positioned in the electric furnace, carries out melting in the temperature more than 1500 ℃; Pour into a mould steel ingot then, for use;
(b) esr: can reduce the content of gas and inclusion behind the esr, and obtain uniform ingredients, dense structure, steel ingot that quality is high;
(c) annealing: in 700 ℃～800 ℃ the insulation 8 ~ 10 hours after furnace cooling;
(d) high-temperature homogenization: above-mentioned steel ingot is heated to 1235～1250 ℃, and is incubated 8～12 hours, make the composition of steel homogenizing, prevent component segregation, improve the solidified structure of material, cool off with being placed in the air;
(e) forge: steel ingot is heated to 1200～1230 ℃, carries out multiway forging, 850 ℃～950 ℃ of final forging temperatures, and forging ratio should be greater than 6; Forging rear annealing: in 800 ℃～860 ℃ annealing 8 ~ 10 hours, furnace cooling;
(f) annealing: above-mentioned steel forgings blank is put into process furnace, is heated to 660～700 ℃, the insulation 20-26h, after stove is chilled to 180 ℃ ~ 220 ℃ then again air cooling to room temperature;
(g) thermal treatment process: 1060 ℃～1100 ℃ quenchings, 560 ℃～620 ℃ tempering 3 times, each tempering 2h; Must let more alloying element be solidly soluted in the matrix in order to obtain higher thermal conductivity, so quenching temperature fixes on more than 1060 ℃ at least; Finally obtain novel high heat conductance hot stamping die material.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following outstanding advantage:
The present invention relates to a kind of novel high heat conductance hot stamping die material, on the alloying thinking, the characteristics of steel of the present invention are simple alloyings, are main with C, Mo and three kinds of elements of W; Secondly, keep lower Mn, ultralow Si, Cr element, make this patent steel possess the thermal conductivity of superelevation; Keep low Mn, ultralow Si content, Cr content is also very low, and this is with generally hot-work steel is different, and this also can practice thrift Financial cost greatly.On over-all properties; The performance of homemade H13 steel is: behind+600 ℃ of double temperings of 1020 ℃ of quenchings; Hardness is 48HRC; Thermal conductivity is seen table 1, and notched bar impact strength Ak is about 240J, and anti-tempering stabilizes to: 620 ℃ of high temperature continue insulation after 8 hours hardness be 38HRC, 620 ℃ of high temperature continue insulation after 12 hours hardness be 35HRC, 620 ℃ of high temperature continue insulation after 20 hours hardness be 31.5HRC.And the performance of steel of the present invention is: behind+560 ℃ tempering 2h+580 ℃ tempering 2h+600 ℃ tempering 2h of 1080 ℃ of quenchings, hardness can reach 51HRC, exceeds nearly 3 HRC than H13, can improve the wear resisting property of mould, can effectively prevent the plucking of die surface; Under 1080 ℃ of high temperature, quench, make alloying element be solidly soluted into fully in the matrix, have the thermal conductivity of superelevation; See table 1; Thermal conductivity compares to existing H13 steel and in the time of 700 ℃, exceeds closely 28%, in the time of 400 ℃, exceeds 64%, is 2 times of H13 in the time of 200 ℃; This can accelerate the punching press beat greatly and improve productivity effect, increases productivity effect; Notched bar impact strength Ak is 220J, basically near H13.Anti-temper resistance can: 620 ℃ of high temperature continue insulation after 8 hours hardness be 43.5HRC, 620 ℃ of high temperature continue insulation after 12 hours hardness be 41.5HRC, 620 ℃ of high temperature continue insulation after 20 hours hardness be 40.2HRC.Contrast finds that this patent steel is having enough advantages than the H13 steel aspect the anti-temper resistance, continues insulation after 20 hours at 620 ℃ of high temperature, and the existing hot stamping die steel of hardness ratio exceeds about 9HRC.
The thermal conductivity (W/ (m*k)) of table 1 differing temps lower inlet H13, homemade H13 and invention steel
| |
100 | 200 | 300 | 400 | 500 | 600 | 700 |
| Import H13 | 20.7 | 21.1 | 21.8 | 22.8 | 23.8 | 24.5 | 25.5 |
| Homemade H13 | 24.5 | 24.4 | 24.7 | 25.8 | 25.6 | 25.6 | 25.7 |
| The invention steel | 54.9 | 50.8 | 46.5 | 42.3 | 39 | 36.2 | 32 |
Steel of the present invention has good machinability through after electrosmelting → esr → annealing → high-temperature homogenization → forging → annealing; After bakingout process (quenching → high tempering), steel of the present invention has good hot strength, hot hardness, and has the thermal conductivity of superelevation, has the higher capacity of heat transmission, thermostability, can obtain lower surface temperature, increases thermal fatigue resistance.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the contrast of the thermal conductivity of common at each temperature H13 hot-work die steel of embodiment 1 and steel of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the microstructure of embodiment 2 high heat conductance hot stamping die steel annealed state;
Fig. 3 is under embodiment 2 annealed state, a large amount of tungsten seen under the SEM Electronic Speculum and the carbide of molybdenum;
Fig. 4 is the embodiment 3 tempering attitude tissue of quenching.
Embodiment
Combine accompanying drawing to be described in down specific embodiment of the present invention at present.
Embodiment 1
Present embodiment has been produced a kind of steel, and its concrete composition is following:
C：0.35%；
Si：0.12%；
Mn：0.12%；
W：?2.0%；
Mo：4.5%；
Cr：0.28%；
V：0.007%；
All the other are Fe and unavoidable impurities element, S in the impurity element :≤0.005%; P :≤0.01; O :≤30ppm
Preparation technology and thermal treatment process are following:
(a) melting: alloy carries out melting by the method that tradition is conventional after pressing the mentioned component design, and the admixtion in the above-mentioned prescription is positioned in the electric furnace, carries out melting at 1550 ℃; Pour into a mould steel ingot then, it is for use to get into next step;
(b) esr: can reduce the content of gas and inclusion behind the esr, and obtain uniform ingredients, dense structure, steel ingot that quality is high;
(c) annealing: in 700 ℃ the insulation 8 hours after furnace cooling;
(d) high-temperature homogenization: above-mentioned steel ingot is heated to 1250 ℃, and is incubated 10 hours, make the composition of steel homogenizing, prevent component segregation, improve the solidified structure of material, cool off with being placed in the air;
(e) forge: steel ingot is heated to 1230 ℃, carries out multiway forging, 950 ℃ of final forging temperatures, and forging ratio should be greater than 6; Forging rear annealing: in 860 ℃ of annealing 8 hours, furnace cooling;
(f) annealing: above-mentioned steel forgings blank is put into process furnace, is heated to 700 ℃, the insulation 25h, after stove is chilled to 200 ℃ then again air cooling to room temperature; Finally obtain the wear-resisting hot stamping die of heat resistance and use alloy steel material.
(g) thermal treatment process: 1080 ℃ of quenchings, 560 ℃ of tempering 2h, 580 ℃ of tempering 2h, then at 600 ℃ of tempering 2h, under the thermal treatment process condition of recommending, hardness and impelling strength: hardness value is 49HRC, notched bar impact strength is 253 J.
As shown in Figure 1, be the thermal conductivity test result, in the time of 200 ℃, thermal conductivity is 50. 8W/ (m*K), thermal conductivity is 32W/ (m*K) in the time of 700 ℃; Can find out that with homemade H13 and import H13 contrast in the time of 100 ~ 200 ℃, the thermal conductivity of this patent steel is the twice of H13; Though along with the rising of temperature, the thermal conductivity of this patent steel reduces gradually, thermal conductivity also exceeds nearly 30% than H13 in the time of 700 ℃.
Embodiment 2
Present embodiment has been produced a kind of steel, and its concrete composition is following:
C：0.15%；
Si：0.08%；
Mn：0.?20%；
W：?1.1%；
Mo：2.5%；
Cr：0.08%；
V：0.002%；
All the other are Fe and unavoidable impurities element, S in the impurity element :≤0.005%; P :≤0.01; O :≤30ppm
Preparation technology and thermal treatment process are following:
(a) melting: alloy carries out melting by the method that tradition is conventional after pressing the mentioned component design, and the admixtion in the above-mentioned prescription is positioned in the electric furnace, carries out melting at 1500 ℃; Pour into a mould steel ingot then, it is for use to get into next step;
(b) esr: can reduce the content of gas and inclusion behind the esr, and obtain uniform ingredients, dense structure, steel ingot that quality is high;
(c) annealing: in 800 ℃ the insulation 10 hours after furnace cooling;
(d) high-temperature homogenization: above-mentioned steel ingot is heated to 1235～1250 ℃, and is incubated 8～12 hours, make the composition of steel homogenizing, prevent component segregation, improve the solidified structure of material, cool off with being placed in the air;
(e) forge: steel ingot is heated to 1200 ℃, carries out multiway forging, 850 ℃ of final forging temperatures, and forging ratio should be greater than 6; Forging rear annealing: in 800 ℃ of annealing 8 hours, furnace cooling;
(f) annealing: above-mentioned steel forgings blank is put into process furnace, is heated to 660 ℃, the insulation 20h, after stove is chilled to 180 ℃ then again air cooling to room temperature; As shown in Figure 2, be the metallographic structure of this patent steel annealed state, can find out from the annealed state microstructure and contain a large amount of fine particles that some regional particle also is state of aggregation; As shown in Figure 3, be the SEM photo under this patent steel annealed state and the power spectrum of fine particle, these particles all can reach the effect of dispersion-strengthened less than 2 μ m, the fine particle of 1 ~ 2 μ m is wherein beaten power spectrum, and discovery is the complicated carbide that C, Mo and W form.
(g) thermal treatment process: 1060 ℃ of quenchings, 570 ℃ of tempering 1 time, 580 ℃ of tempering 2 times, each tempering 2h; Under the thermal treatment process condition of recommending, hardness and impelling strength: hardness value is 51HRC, and notched bar impact strength is 223 J.
Thermal conductivity is 48.2W/ (m*K) in the time of 200 ℃, is 30W/ (m*K) in the time of 700 ℃.
Present embodiment has been produced a kind of steel, and its concrete composition is following:
C：0.25%；
Si：0.10%；
Mn：0.14%；
W:1.5%；
Mo：3.5%；
Cr：0.18%；
V：0.015%；
All the other are Fe and unavoidable impurities element, S in the impurity element :≤0.005%; P :≤0.01; O :≤30ppm,
Its thermal treatment process is following:
(a) melting: use the Steel Alloy composition by excessive heat conductance hot stamping die, in the quality percentage composition: the method by the tradition routine is carried out melting, and admixtion is positioned in the electric furnace, carries out melting in the temperature more than 1500 ℃; Pour into a mould steel ingot then, for use;
Esr: can reduce the content of gas and inclusion behind the esr, and obtain uniform ingredients, dense structure, steel ingot that quality is high;
(b) annealing: in 750 ℃ the insulation 9 hours after furnace cooling;
(c) high-temperature homogenization: above-mentioned steel ingot is heated to 1240 ℃, and is incubated 10 hours, make the composition of steel homogenizing, prevent component segregation, improve the solidified structure of material, cool off with being placed in the air;
(d) forge: steel ingot is heated to 1215 ℃, carries out multiway forging, 900 ℃ of final forging temperatures, and forging ratio should be greater than 6; Forging rear annealing: in 830 ℃ of annealing 9 hours, furnace cooling;
(e) annealing: above-mentioned steel forgings blank is put into process furnace, is heated to 680 ℃, the insulation 230h, after stove is chilled to 200 ℃ then again air cooling to room temperature;
(f) thermal treatment process: 1080 ℃ of quenchings, 580 ℃ of tempering 2 times, 620 ℃ of tempering 1 time, each tempering 2h; The metallographic structure photo is as shown in Figure 4 under this technology, and what microscopically was seen is tangible tempered martensite; Under the thermal treatment process condition of recommending, hardness and impelling strength: hardness value is 49HRC, and notched bar impact strength is 250 J.
Thermal conductivity is 51W/ (m*K) in the time of 200 ℃, is 31.8W/ (m*K) in the time of 700 ℃.
Claims (3)
1. an excessive heat conductance hot stamping die is used steel, it is characterized in that, the main following column element of its alloying constituent is formed, in quality percentage composition: C:0.150-0.35%; Si :≤0.25%; Mn:0.08-0.20%; W:1.0-2.0%; Mo:2. 0-4.5%; Cr :≤0.30%; V :≤0.02%; All the other are Fe and unavoidable impurities element, S in the impurity element :≤0.005%; P :≤0.01; O :≤30ppm.
2. an excessive heat conductance hot stamping die is used to prepare excessive heat conductance hot stamping die according to claim 1 and uses steel with the preparation method of steel, it is characterized in that, present method adopts following steps:
(a) melting: use the Steel Alloy composition by excessive heat conductance hot stamping die, in quality percentage composition: C:0.150-0.35%; Si :≤0.25%; Mn:0.08-0.20%; W:1.0-2.0%; Mo:2.0-4.5%; Cr :≤0.30%; V :≤0.02%; All the other are Fe and unavoidable impurities element, S in the impurity element :≤0.005%; P :≤0.01; O :≤30ppm carries out melting by the method that tradition is conventional, and admixtion is positioned in the electric furnace, carries out melting in the temperature more than 1500 ℃; Pour into a mould steel ingot then, for use;
(b) esr: can reduce the content of gas and inclusion behind the esr, and obtain uniform ingredients, dense structure, steel ingot that quality is high;
(c) annealing: in 700 ℃～1800 ℃ the insulation 8 hours after furnace cooling;
(d) high-temperature homogenization: above-mentioned steel ingot is heated to 1235～1250 ℃, and is incubated 8～10 hours, make the composition of steel homogenizing, prevent component segregation, improve the solidified structure of material, cool off with being placed in the air;
(e) forge: steel ingot is heated to 1200～1230 ℃, carries out multiway forging, 900 ℃～950 ℃ of final forging temperatures, and forging ratio should be greater than 6; Forging rear annealing: in 800 ℃～860 ℃ annealing 8 ~ 10 hours, furnace cooling;
(f) annealing: above-mentioned steel forgings blank is put into process furnace, is heated to 660～700 ℃, the insulation 20-26h, after stove is chilled to 200 ℃ then again air cooling to room temperature;
(g) thermal treatment process: 1060 ℃～1100 ℃ quenchings, 560 ℃～620 ℃ tempering 3 times, each tempering 2h; Finally obtain excessive heat conductance hot stamping die and use steel alloy.
3. a kind of excessive heat conductance hot stamping die according to claim 1 is used steel, it is characterized in that the hardness of this steel is not less than 48HRC, and thermal conductivity is 48～51.5W/ (m*K) in the time of 200 ℃, is 29～32W/ (m*K) in the time of 700 ℃.
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